Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)

Goliath
MS Germ.Quart.2020, Biblioteka Jagiellońska Kraków, Poland
Image of David and Goliath, Iv - IIr
Hagedorn Leng 38.1.3 / 38.4.1
Wierschin — Hils 29
Also known as	MS 5879
Type	Fencing manual Wrestling manual
Date	1510 - 1520
Place of origin	Southern Germany
Language(s)	Early New High German
Author(s)	Martin Huntfeltz Jud Lew Johannes Liechtenauer Andre Liegniczer Ott Jud Andre Paurñfeyndt
Compiler	Unknown
Illustrator(s)	Unknown
Patron	Maximilian I (?)
Material	Paper, with a modern leather binding
Size	285 folia
Format	Double-sided; text with occasional illustrations
Script	Black Letter
Identified	Hans-Peter Hils (1983)
Treatise scans	Digital scans (2300x2600) Microfilm scans

The Goliath Fechtbuch (MS German Quarto 2020) is a German fencing manual created between 1510 and 1520. The original currently rests in the holdings of the Biblioteka Jagiellońska in Kraków, Poland. Zabinski speculates based on a number of factors that it was commissioned for Maximilian I (1459-1519), a well-known aficionado of military texts. The manuscript appears to have at least three different scribes, but uses a single artist throughout. It is often nicknamed "Goliath" due to the depiction of the biblical confrontation between David and the giant Goliath on the inside cover. The reason for the inclusion of this painting is entirely unclear, but it may be an allusion to the size of the longswords depicted in the illustrations of unarmored fencing.

Goliath is a compilation text consisting of treatises on a variety of martial topics by several different masters, most of whom who stood in the tradition of the grand master Johannes Liechtenauer. The first several sections include elaborately painted illustrations, but the images cease abruptly toward the beginning of the section on armored fencing, with the final few illustrations being merely rough line drawings. This in addition to the presence of blank spaces through the rest of the manuscript seems to suggest that additional illustrations were planned but never completed (perhaps due to the emperor's death).

Provenance

The known provenance of the MS German Quarto 2020 is:

• Written between 1510 and 1520 in southern Germany, possibly commissioned by Maximilian I or a member of the Imperial court.
• before 1564 – partially copied by Lienhart Sollinger into a manuscript included in the Codex I.6.2º.2.
• before 1923 – owned by Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1784-1817) and Johann Jakob Bachofen (1815-1887). The terms of ownership of both men are unknown.
• 1923-1938 – held by Fischer gallery in Luzern, Germany (donated to the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, 1938). Offered to Robert Lyons Scott in 1935, but no sale took place.
• 1938-after 1985 – held by the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin in Berlin, Germany, classified MS 5879.
• after 1985 – held by the Biblioteka Jagiellońska in Kraków, Poland.

Contents

Folio	Section
Ir - IIv	Front matter  Images Draft Translation by Bartłomiej Walczak Transcription [edit] by Bartłomiej Walczak 10185 Schweiz 1510-1520 RY/EY Burckhardt-Schönauer Maler Gellertstrasse No 2. Basel 40 drawings on the long sword 17 ditto for dagger 29 ditto for wrestling on foot 52 ditto in armour on horse and on foot [Cover] 10185 Schweiz 1510-1520 RY/EY Burckhardt-Schönauer Maler Gellertstrasse ₦º 2. Basel 40 Handzeichnůngen aůf das lange[n]Schwert 17 Ditto im Messer 29 Ditto im Fůßringen 52 Ditto im Harnisch zů Pferd unnd zů Fůß au.ms.1938.30 ms.germ.quart.2020 BERLIN STATE LIBRARY [Ir] au.ms.1938.30 ms.germ.quart.2020 STAATS- BIBLIOTHEK BERLIN [Iv] Das allerschönste schaůspil ist, Wenn man siecht, Das die sint nit důrch ein frempts, sůnder is aigens werk vertilgt, mit Irem aigen schwert erstochen, und mitt irem aigen messer gleich wie Goliat geschach, Ir haůbt abgeschlagen wirt [IIr]  Goliath ist ein Figur der sůnd gewesen Ain schrecklicher graůsamer Risz, Vor dem sich alle menschen entsetzt haben Aůsgenůmen der klain David, das ist Christůs der in alain erlegt hat, Und Im sein haůbt mit seinem aigen schwert das des aller böst schwert gewest ist, wie man list im ersten Bůch der Kůnig am 21 capitl, abgehaůen hat Deshalb er hat Beret den tod zů ainem beschůtz und abschneidůng der sunden verordnet
1r - 7r	Epitome by Johannes Liechtenauer
7v - 73v	Gloss of Liechtenauer's Bloßfechten by Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
75r - 86r	Pole weapons by Andre Paurñfeyndt
89r - 97v	Anonymous dagger devices  Images Draft Translation by Kirk Siemsen Transcription [edit] by Bartłomiej Walczak [089r] Im Pantzer degenn ~volgt~ A Stepping Move and an Arm Break Your opponent took a swipe with his dagger at your face. So, with an inverted right hand, continue to follow through to the dagger. During your opponent's swing, grab just under the wrist. From your left side, grasp his right elbow with your left hand, and be careful that your right hand, which stabilized his, doesn't cross over to your left side. Then, step with your left foot in front of his back foot, so you can still maintain control, and capture the dagger by bringing in your arm. [090r] Einwerffn unnd .armpruch. Sticht dir einer mit einnem gefausstn degen oben nach dem gesicht, So far ebich auf mit deiner rechtn hannt od(er) ewignnis deinem degen Im vnder seinen stich, vorn an das glenckh, greif mit deiner linncken hand an seinen rechten elbogen vnd wint mit der rechtn hand wol ybersich auf dein lincke seiten, Vnd trit mit deine lincke fueß fur sein bed füesß, So wurffst du in, vnd nimbst im den Degn, oder pruch im den arm. An Arm Break and a Stepping Move Your opponent tried to stab your face. Grab high with your inverted left hand, while securing his dagger just under the wrist. With your right hand grab from under his right elbow, and push away from you. With your left hand, bring down your opponent's hand to your left side, while at the same time step deep with your left foot behind the opponent's foot so you can maintain control as you bring in your arm. [090v] Ein armbruch von werfn Wiler dir dein gsicht zustechen, von oben so wint auf mit deiner lincken, ebichen hant, vorn unter seinen degn, an daß glennckh, Vnnd greif im mit deinr rechten hannt, unten an seinen rechtn elbogen, vnd zeuch an dich, vnd mit deinr lincke ebich hant dauch im die hant auf dein lincke seiten, Vnnd trit mit deim lincke fueß tref hinter in ausß, so wurffstu in vnd prichstu im den arm. Breaking the Arm Your opponent bore down on you while grabbing your collar. Grab his left wrist with your left hand. With your right arm, drive into his left elbow joint, and push through (that is, with your arm) toward the ground, and step in with your entire right side as you push. Snatch the hand that's holding the dagger with your right, while still driving down into his elbow--like this: [091r] .ein Armbruch. Greifft dir einer vorn bey dem goller, so greif im mit deinr lincken, Vornen in das glenckh, vnd reib imß vmb, vnnd setz im deinen rechtn arm auf sein linckhen, arm, ausen auffm elbogen glenckh, vnnd stoß nider zur erden, (so prichstu im den arm) vnnd drit im aus dem stoß auf dein rechten seitn, vnd wart deß stichß mit der rechtn hand domit du in in elpogen(?) pricht(?) stost. / hie / How to Singly Control His Stab from Above Your opponent tried to lift you by the collar, and stab you from above. Grab it with an inverted grip of your right hand just underneath his dagger. Then, lift the arm high and upwards, while stepping in with your right foot behind his foot. See Illustration: then drive in over his back, and shove off his left arm with your right shoulder. [091v] Aber einß so er dir oben einsticht. Hebt dich einner bey dein goller vnnd will dich stechen, so winnt im mit mit deinner rechtn hannt, vnnden sein arm ebich auf, Vnnder seinen degen, Vnnd heb im den arm hoch auf, in die hohe, Vnnd trit mit deinem rechtn vues hinnter sein vues, Vts, So wufstu in, auf sein Ruckh, Vnnd stoß im mit deiner rechtn agsl sein Lincken arm ab. A Hold as He Grabs the Collar from Behind Your opponent swiped from above with dagger in hand. Immediately, with an inverted right hand grab, firmly grasp and lift up his dagger, and lower yourself while lifting high, as you step deep with your right foot behind his left foot. See Illustration: you can throw him to the ground, while at the same time pushing off the arm grasping your collar with your right shoulder. [092r] Helt dich einer hinnten beym goller So wart Wann er obn mit sticht Das dw mit deiner rechten ebichen hannt Wol aufwindest vnnder seinen Degen, Vnnd sennckh dich nider in die wag, Vnnd trit mit deinnem rechtn fueß tieff hinnter sein fueß, Vts, So wirfstu in auf die erden Vnnd stoß im sein arm Vom goller mit der rechtn agsl. Capturing the dagger Lift your blade over and after the front of the swinging dagger. Then with your dagger twist the blade and take it. While taking in your wrist over his right arm, take in his dagger . See illustration: capture the dagger by driving yourself through. [092v] Dolchnemen :~ Item sticht dir einer oben nach dem angesicht nach mit gefaussten degen, so winnt mit deinem degen ebichen vff, Vmbwint sein degen, vnd vmbwinnt im deinem spitz, yber sein rechtn arm, Vnnd reiß an dich, vts, So nimbst im den Degen aus der hant. Regarding a Stab Your opponent took a swipe at your face. So take up with an inverted grab: grab your right arm with your left hand, which is inverted at the top and under his right arm, and press on hard and back, while stepping with your right foot in and behind. See illustration: bring your opponent's arm in towards yourself--this will cause a break in the arm. [093r] Aber ain stuckh. Ob dir einer nach dem gesicht sticht, So wint auf mit deinem ebich vnnd greif mit deinr linncken hannt, ebich, ~ Oben yber sein rechtn arm, Vnnd druckh ine starckh zu ruckh, Vnnd drit mit deinem rechtn fueß hinnter in .vts. ~ So wirfstu in vnd brichst im den arm. Breaking the Wrist Your opponent swiped from above at your face. So while inverting your hand, block with your dagger underneath his right hand. With your left hand grab on through to your right arm and grab your blade. See illustration: yank strongly towards yourself, in order to put pressure on the arm. [093v] Ein armprechen Sticht dir einer mit dem ober Stich zu dem anngesicht, ~ So stich im mit deinem tegn, von vnnthen auf, mit ebicher hannt vmb sein rechte hant, ~ Vnnd greif mit deinner linnckhen hannt, Vnnden durch deinen rechtn arm in degen, vnd zuckh in starckh an dich, Vts, so prichst im den arm. Regarding a Stab and a Break of the Arm Your opponent took a swipe from above to the face. With an inverted hold take in with your left hand underneath and behind his blade; push the arm while taking up. See illustration: while maintaining the hold behind the front of the blade, swing your dagger over his right arm, and draw in hard to yourself, so you can break the arm. [094r] Aber ein stuckh vnnd armpruch Sticht dir einr oben nach dem angsicht. So winnt im auf mit deiner ebichen linckhen hant. vnnter seinen stich, Vnnd reib im den arm auswertz, Vnnd thu alß welst im nach dem angesicht stechen, vnd stich im auß yber sein yber seinen rechtn arm, vnd zuckh starck an dich, vtsup:, :~ So prichst im den arm Regarding a Stab Your opponent really likes to attack at your front. So seize your dagger, precisely under the fighting hand, and go high underneath his blade, and take in with your dagger's knob (Schwertknauf)*. Otherwise swish over his arm; when you have it restrained there in this way, you can poke his dagger in his face. Take in the dagger. [094v] Aber Ein Stuckh: Ob dir einer gar gern nachdeinem ansicht, so fasß deinen Degen zu Gewappenter hannt, Vnd gee hoch auf, Vnnder seinen stich, Vnnd wint im mit deinem knopff, oder spitz vber seinen arm, Als do gemalt stet, so schlechstu im seinen degen innß angesicht, Vnnd nimbst im den Degen ~ Regarding a Stab Your opponent strongly struck from above at your face. When this happens grab the blade (that is, of your fighting hand), and strongly go in with it, and shift the dagger over and behind his head. See illustration: draw in strongly from behind him toward the ground. [095r] Aber ein stuckh. Sticht dir einer, oben starckh ein nachdem angesicht so winnt vff mit gewapenter hannt alß fur vnnd gee vast Inndeß, Vnnd ruckh im den tegen, hintersich vff, Vber sein heubt vnnd zuckh in starckh fursich, Gegn der erden, Vts. A Stab Your opponent swiped toward your gut. Block vertically with the blade, and step in. Drive on in and behind him, and swing downwards while sliding your dagger along his dagger. Bring your arm from behind; from under, grab the neck and pull, and take in the dagger. [095v] Ein Stuckh Stichstu Das sich einer vor dir schmuckht vnnd will nit von stat stechen, So haut auf in Ob er dich vorn wult vnnd hinten, Vmb stechen so vall im mit verkerten Degen auf sein Degen vnnd spring, hinnter in ~ Vnnd ergreif in mit dem halß, ~ So wirfstu° in, ~ Vnnd nimbst im den Degenn. ~ ·~ · ~ Regarding a Stab Your opponent took a swipe at your face, so block it with your inverted hand, and break off the attack. Stick the dagger underneath his right leg and strongly push through. Lift toward the back, and take in the dagger. [096r]  Aber ein Stuckh. Warm dir einer nachdem angsicht, so Wint, mit deiner ebichen hannt, vnnd brich im den degen auß, ~ Vnnd stich im den degen vnnder seinen rechtn vueß, ~ Vnnd zeu°ch starckh an dich, So wirfstu im, vf den Ruckh, ~ Vnnd nimbst im den tegen. After the break, while pretending to be resting, your opponent tried to stab you from underneath. Set yourself low at stomach level, and block with your inverted left hand just above the wrist. Swing in with your right hand with your dagger, strike his right elbow, and yank in hard on him when you restrain his arm. Take in the dagger which will break the arm. Drive on in, and hit his mouth with your dagger. [096v] Sticht dir einer von, ~ Vnthen, zu, nach dem buch, mit dem falschen stich, so setz dich nider in die wag, Vnnd schlag, in mit deinner ebichen linnckhen hant, fert bey dem glennckh vnnd greif in mit deiner rechtn hannt mit deinem degen bey seinnem rechtn elbogen, vnnd ruckh in starck fur sich alß gemalt stet So nimbst im den Degen, Vnd brichst im den arm, ~ Vnnd wirfst in auff das maul. ~ Your opponent struck at you with a strong reverse stab from underneath the gut. Grab your dagger (to be precise, the blade of the fighting hand), and drop in vertically along his dagger. See illustration: take in with the blade or dagger's knob (Schwertknauf); go, and seize it by stepping behind him so you can drive in while shoving his dagger with a quick thrust. [097r] Sticht dir einer vnten zu dem pauch vnd sichst daß er will starck stechen, So fasß deinen Degen zu gewappenter hannt, vnd fall im lanngk auff sein degen, Vts, vnd winnt vm mit dem spitz oder knopf, vnd gee vasst indeß, vnd in auf, vnd hinter trit, so wirfst in yber ruckh aus. Your opponent tried to stab you in the gut. Block his dagger (to be precise, the fighting hand dagger) with yours. Then press in (with the dagger you have in your right hand) quickly, drive onto his right hand by the wrist, and catch his dagger with yours. Continue to press in with that hand and support it with your abdomen. Using your left hand, yank his lower arm toward yourself. [097v] Sticht dir einer vntn nach dem bauch fal mit deinem degen auf sein degen, mit gewappenter hant alß vor, vnd greif in (mit der rechtn hant do du den dolich in hast) behendiglich, vornen auf sein rechte hant, pey dem glenck, vnd fasß im seinen degen zu deinem, vnd wint Wint im aus der hant vnnd setz im an deinen pauch, vnd zuckh in mit deiner lincken hant starck an dich.
98r - 102v	Dagger by Andre Liegniczer
103r - 110v	Dagger by Martin Huntfeltz
111r - 128r, 157v - 159r	Anonymous grappling devices
130v - 147v	Grappling by Ott Jud
148r - 157r	Grappling by Andre Liegniczer
163r - 192r	Gloss of Liechtenauer's Roßfechten by Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
192v - 196r	Mounted fencing by Martin Huntfeltz
199r - 251v	Gloss of Liechtenauer's Kampffechten by Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
252r - 271v	Armored fencing by Andre Liegniczer
272r - 281v	Armored fencing by Martin Huntfeltz

Gallery

Images hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the Biblioteka Jagiellońska.

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Inside Cover

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Inside Cover

Back Cover

Additional Resources

• Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4