Difference between revisions of "Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)"

David and Goliath, Ⅰv - Ⅱr
Goliath Fechtbuch
	MS germ. quart. 2020, Biblioteka Jagiellońska; Kraków, Poland
Also known as	MS 5879
Type	Fencing manual ; Wrestling manual ;
Date	1535 - 1540
Place of origin	Augsburg or Landshut
Language(s)	Early New High German
Author(s)	Peter Falkner ; Martin Huntsfeld ; Johannes Liechtenauer [more]
Compiler	Georg Lemberger
Scribe(s)	Unknown
Illustrator(s)	Georg Lemberger
Patron	Unknown
Material	Paper, with a modern leather binding
Size	285 folia (200 mm × 217 mm)
Format	Double-sided; text with scattered ; illustrations
Treatise scans	Digital scans ; Digital scans (2300x2600) ; Microfilm scans ;

Latest revision as of 21:37, 12 April 2025

The Goliath Fechtbuch (MS germ. quart. 2020) is a German fencing manual created between 1535 and 1540,^[1] possibly by Georg Lemberger (1495/1500-1540/45).^[2] The original currently rests in the holdings of the Biblioteka Jagiellońska in Kraków, Poland. It is generally nicknamed "Goliath" due to the depiction of the Biblical confrontation between David and the giant Goliath on the inside cover. The reason for the inclusion of this painting is entirely unclear, though it may simply come down to the popularity of the story in this period as an example of a righteous single combat. (It may also be an allusion to the size of the swords depicted in the illustrations of unarmored fencing.)

Goliath is a compilation text consisting of treatises on a variety of martial topics by several different masters, most of whom who stood in the tradition of the grand master Johannes Liechtenauer. There appears to be a single illustrator throughout, and potentially a single scribe as well, despite the number of different scripts employed.^[3] The first several sections include elaborately painted illustrations, but the illustrations cease abruptly toward the beginning of the section on armored fencing, with the final few illustrations being merely rough line drawings. This, in addition to the presence of blank spaces through the rest of the manuscript, seems to suggest that additional illustrations were planned but never completed (perhaps due to Lemberger's death some time after 1537).

Zabinski assumes that the date on the cover is correct and speculates based on a number of factors that Goliath was commissioned for Maximilian Ⅰ (1459-1519), a well-known aficionado of military texts.^[4] Welle, however, rejects this hypothesis and date, and arrives at a date in the latter 1530s based on handwriting and watermark analysis.^[5]

Provenance

The known provenance of the MS German Quarto 2020 is:^[6]

Created between 1535 and 1540 in southern Germany by Georg Lemberger.
before 1564 – partially copied by Lienhart Sollinger into a manuscript included in the Cod. Ⅰ.6.2º.2.
before 1923 – owned by Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1807-1878) and Jean Louis Burckhardt (1883-1943). The terms of ownership of both men are unknown; sold 1923.
1923-1938 – held by Fischer Gallery and Kunsthandel A.-G. Böhler & Steinmeyer in Luzern, Germany (sold to the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, 1938). Offered to Robert Lyons Scott several times in 1935, but no sale took place.
1938-1946 – held by the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin in Berlin, Germany; moved to Fürstenstein Castle in 1941, and then Grüssau monastery in 1944. Transferred to Kraków after World War Ⅱ.
1946-present – held by the Biblioteka Jagiellońska in Kraków, Poland.

Illustrations	Draft Translation by Kirk Siemsen	Transcription [edit] by Michael Chidester
		[089r] Im Pantzer Degenn ~volgt~
	A Stepping Move and an Arm Break Your opponent took a swipe with his dagger at your face. So, with an inverted right hand, continue to follow through to the dagger. During your opponent's swing, grab just under the wrist. From your left side, grasp his right elbow with your left hand, and be careful that your right hand, which stabilized his, doesn't cross over to your left side. Then, step with your left foot in front of his back foot, so you can still maintain control, and capture the dagger by bringing in your arm.	[090r] Ein Werffn unnd .armpruch. Sticht dir einer mit einnem gefausstn degen oben nach dem gesicht, So far ebich auf mit deiner rechtn hannt^# Im under seinen stich, vorn an das glenckh, greif mit deiner linncken hand an seinen rechten elbogen, und wint mit der rechtn hand wol ybersich auf dein lincke seiten, ~ Und trit mit dem lincken fueß fur sein bed füeß, So wurffst du in, und nimbst im den Degn, und pruch im den arm. ^# [Marginal note in a different hand:] oder ewich mit deinem degen.
	An Arm Break and a Stepping Move Your opponent tried to stab your face. Grab high with your inverted left hand, while securing his dagger just under the wrist. With your right hand grab from under his right elbow, and push away from you. With your left hand, bring down your opponent's hand to your left side, while at the same time step deep with your left foot behind the opponent's foot so you can maintain control as you bring in your arm.	[090v] Ein armpruch von we:^rfn Wiler dir dem^[8] gsicht zu stechen, von oben so wint auf mit deiner lincken, ebichen hant, vorn unter seinen degn, an daß glennckh, Unnd greif im mit deinr rechten hannt, unten an seinen rechtn elbogen, und zeuch an dich, und mit deinr lincke^# hant dauch im die hant auf dein lincken seiten, Unnd trit mit deim lincken fueß tief hinter in auß,^[9] so wurffstu in und prichstu im den arm. ^# [Marginal note:] ebich.
	Breaking the Arm Your opponent bore down on you while grabbing your collar. Grab his left wrist with your left hand. With your right arm, drive into his left elbow joint, and push through (that is, with your arm) toward the ground, and step in with your entire right side as you push. Snatch the hand that's holding the dagger with your right, while still driving down into his elbow—like this:	[091r] · ein Armbruch · Greifft dir einer, vorn bey dem goller, so greif im mit deinr lincken, Vornen in das glenckh, und reib ims umb, unnd setz im deinen rechtn arm auf sein linckhen, arm, ausen auffm elbogen glenckh, unnd stoß nider zur erden, (so prichstu im den arm) unnd drit im aus dem stos auf dein rechten seitn, und wart des stichs mit der rechtn hand domit du in in elpogen pricht stost. . hie .
	How to Singly Control His Stab from Above Your opponent tried to lift you by the collar, and stab you from above. Grab it with an inverted grip of your right hand just underneath his dagger. Then, lift the arm high and upwards, while stepping in with your right foot behind his foot. See Illustration: then drive in over his back, and shove off his left arm with your right shoulder.	[091v] Aber eins so er dir oben einsticht. Hebt dich einner bey dein goller unnd will dich stechen, so winnt im mit mit deinner rechtn hannt, unnden sein arm ebich auf, Unnder seinen degen, Unnd heb im den arm hoch auf, in die hohe, Unnd trit mit deinem rechtn vues hinnter sein vues, Ut supra, So wirfstu in, auf sein Ruckh, Unnd stos im mit deiner rechtn agsl sein Lincken^[10] arm ab.
	A Hold as He Grabs the Collar from Behind Your opponent swiped from above with dagger in hand. Immediately, with an inverted right hand grab, firmly grasp and lift up his dagger, and lower yourself while lifting high, as you step deep with your right foot behind his left foot. See Illustration: you can throw him to the ground, while at the same time pushing off the arm grasping your collar with your right shoulder.	[092r] Helt dich einer hinnten beÿm goller So wart Wann er obn nit sticht Das dw mit deiner rechtn ebichen hannt Wol aufwindest unnder seinen Degen, Unnd sennckh dich nider in die wag, Unnd trit mit deinnem rechtn fueß tieff hinnter sein fues, Ut supra, So wirfstu in auf die erden Unnd stos im sein arm Vom goller mit der rechtn agsl.
	Capturing the dagger Lift your blade over and after the front of the swinging dagger. Then with your dagger twist the blade and take it. While taking in your wrist over his right arm, take in his dagger . See illustration: capture the dagger by driving yourself through.	[092v] · Dolch nemen :~ Item sticht dir einer oben nach dem angesicht nach mit gefaussten degen, so winnt mit deinem degen ebichen uff, Umbwint sein degen, und umbwinnt im deinem spitz, ÿber sein rechtn arm, Unnd reis an dich, ut supra, So nimbst im den Degen aus der hant.
	Regarding a Stab Your opponent took a swipe at your face. So take up with an inverted grab: grab your right arm with your left hand, which is inverted at the top and under his right arm, and press on hard and back, while stepping with your right foot in and behind. See illustration: bring your opponent's arm in towards yourself—this will cause a break in the arm.	[093r] Aber ain stuckh. Ob dir einer nachdem gesicht sticht,^[11] So wint auf mit deinem ebich unnd greif mit deinr linncken hannt, ebich, ~ Oben yber sein rechtn arm, Unnd druckh ine starckh zu ruckh, Unnd drit mit deinem rechtn fues hinnter in .ut supra. ~ So wirfstu in Und brichst im den arm. ~
	Breaking the Wrist Your opponent swiped from above at your face. So while inverting your hand, block with your dagger underneath his right hand. With your left hand grab on through to your right arm and grab your blade. See illustration: yank strongly towards yourself, in order to put pressure on the arm.	[093v] Ein armprechen Sticht dir einer mit dem ober stich zu dem anngesicht, ~ So stich im mit deinem tegn, von unnthen, auf, mit ebicher hannt umb sein rechte hant, ~ Unnd greif mit deinner linnckhen hannt Unnden durch deinen rechtn arm in degen, und zuckh in starckh an dich, Ut supra, so prichst im den arm.
	Regarding a Stab and a Break of the Arm Your opponent took a swipe from above to the face. With an inverted hold take in with your left hand underneath and behind his blade; push the arm while taking up. See illustration: while maintaining the hold behind the front of the blade, swing your dagger over his right arm, and draw in hard to yourself, so you can break the arm.	[094r] Aber ein Stuckh unnd armpruch Sticht dir einr oben nach dem angsicht, So winnt im auf mit deiner ebichen linckhen hant, unnter seinen stich Unnd reib im den arm auswertz, Unnd thu als welst im nach dem^[12] angesicht stechen, Und stich im aus ÿber sein ÿber seinen rechtn arm, und zuckh starck an dich, ut supra, ~ So prichst im den arm
	Regarding a Stab Your opponent really likes to attack at your front. So seize your dagger, precisely under the fighting hand, and go high underneath his blade, and take in with your dagger's knob. Otherwise swish over his arm; when you have it restrained there in this way, you can poke his dagger in his face. Take in the dagger.	[094v] Aber Ein Stuckh: Ob dir einer gar gern nachdeinem ansicht, so faß deinen Degen, zu Gewappenter hannt, und gee hoch auf, Unnder seinen stich, Unnd wint im mit deinem knopff, oder spitz yber seinen arm, Als do gemalt stet, so schlechstu im seinen degen inns angesicht, Unnd nimbst im den Degen. ~
	Regarding a Stab Your opponent strongly struck from above at your face. When this happens grab the blade (that is, of your fighting hand), and strongly go in with it, and shift the dagger over and behind his head. See illustration: draw in strongly from behind him toward the ground.	[095r] .Aber ein Stuckh. Sticht dir einer, oben starckh ein nachdem angesicht so winnt uff mit gewapenter hannt als fur unnd gee vast Inndeß, ~ Unnd ruckh im den tegen, hintersich uff, Yber sein heubt unnd zuckh in starckh fursich, ~ Gegn der erden, ut supra.
	A Stab Your opponent swiped toward your gut. Block vertically with the blade, and step in. Drive on in and behind him, and swing downwards while sliding your dagger along his dagger. Bring your arm from behind; from under, grab the neck and pull, and take in the dagger.	[095v] Ein Stuckh ~: Stichstu Das sich einer vor dir schmuckht unnd will nit von stat stechen, So wart auf in Ob er dich vorn Wult unnd hinten Umb stechen so vall im mit verkerten Degen auf sein Degen Unnd spring, hinnter in ~ Unnd ergreif in mit dem halß, ~ So wirfstu in, ~ Unnd nimbst im den Degenn. ~
	Regarding a Stab Your opponent took a swipe at your face, so block it with your inverted hand, and break off the attack. Stick the dagger underneath his right leg and strongly push through. Lift toward the back, and take in the dagger.	[096r] .Aber ein Stuckh. Wann dir einer nachdem angsicht, so Wint, mit deiner ebichen hannt, unnd brich im den degen aus, ~ Unnd stich im den degen unnder seinen rechtn vues, ~ Unnd zeuch starckh an dich, So Wirfstu im, uf den Ruckh ~ Unnd nimbst im den tegen.
	After the break, while pretending to be resting, your opponent tried to stab you from underneath. Set yourself low at stomach level, and block with your inverted left hand just above the wrist. Swing in with your right hand with your dagger, strike his right elbow, and yank in hard on him when you restrain his arm. Take in the dagger which will break the arm. Drive on in, and hit his mouth with your dagger.	[096v] Sticht dir einer von Unthen, zu, nach dem buch, mit dem falschen stich, so setz dich nider in die wag, ~ Unnd schlag, in mit deinner ebichen linnckhen hant, ferr beÿ dem glennckh unnd greif in mit deiner rechtn hannt mit deinem degen beÿ seinnem rechtn elbogen, unnd ruckh in starck fursich als gemalt stet So nimbst im den Degen, Und brichst im den arm, ~ Unnd wirfst in auff das maul. ~
	Your opponent struck at you with a strong reverse stab from underneath the gut. Grab your dagger (to be precise, the blade of the fighting hand), and drop in vertically along his dagger. See illustration: take in with the blade or dagger's knob; go, and seize it by stepping behind him so you can drive in while shoving his dagger with a quick thrust.	[097r] Sticht dir einer unten zu dem pauch und sichst das er will starck stechen, So faß deinen Degen zu gewapenter hannt, und fall im lanngk auff sein degen, ut supra, Und winnt ym mit dem spitz oder knopf, und gee vasst indes, Und in auf, und hinter trit, so wirfst in ÿber ruckh aus.
	Your opponent tried to stab you in the gut. Block his dagger (to be precise, the fighting hand dagger) with yours. Then press in (with the dagger you have in your right hand) quickly, drive onto his right hand by the wrist, and catch his dagger with yours. Continue to press in with that hand and support it with your abdomen. Using your left hand, yank his lower arm toward yourself.	[097v] Sticht dir einer untn nach dem bauch fal mit deinem degen auf sein degen, mit gewappenter hant als vor, und greif in (mit der rechtn hant do du den dolich in hast) behendiglich, vornen auf sein rechte hant, pey dem glenck, und fasß im seinen degen zu deinem, und wint Wint im aus der hant unnd setz im an deinen pauch, und zuckh in mit deiner lincken hant starck an dich.

98r - 102v

Dagger by Andre Lignitzer

103r - 110v

Dagger by Martin Huntsfeld

111r - 128r,
157v - 159r

Anonymous grappling teachings

130v - 147v

Grappling by Ott Jud

148r - 157r

Grappling by Andre Lignitzer

163r - 166r

Recital and figures on mounted fencing by Johannes Liechtenauer

166v - 192r

Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing by Pseudo-Peter von Danzig

192v - 196r

Mounted fencing by Martin Huntsfeld

199r - 251v

Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing by Pseudo-Peter von Danzig

252r - 271v

Short sword fencing by Andre Lignitzer

272r - 281v

Short sword fencing by Martin Huntsfeld

Gallery

A collation diagram for this manuscript is available on the index page.

Scans hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the Biblioteka Jagiellońska.

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Inside Cover

Back Cover

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

Hull, Jeffrey; Grzegorz Żabiński; Monika Maziarz (2007). Knightly Dueling: The Fighting Arts of German Chivalry. Boulder: Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-581606744.
Jaquet, Daniel; Bartłomiej Walczak (2014). "Liegnitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew? The question of authorship of popular Medieval fighting teachings." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 2(1): 105-148. doi:10.1515/apd-2015-0015.
Minkowski, Helmut (1963). Das Ringen im Grüblein: eine spätmittelalterliche Form des deutschen Leibringens. Stuttgart: K. Hofmann.
Walczak, Bartłomiej (2022). "Bauman Dagger Techniques and the Augsburg Group." Bauman's Fight Book: Augsburg University Library Ⅰ.6.4º 2: 103-128. Ed. by Michael Chidester. Medford: HEMA Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1-953683-27-4.
Wassmannsdorff, Karl (1871). Das um das Jahr 1500 gedruckte erste deutsche Turnbuch. Heidelberg: Groos.
Welle, Rainer (1993). '…und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen'. Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert. Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft. ISBN 3-89085-755-8.
Welle, Rainer (2017). "Ein unvollendetes Meisterwerk der Fecht- und Ringkampfliteratur des 16. Jahrhunderts sucht seinen Autor: der Landshuter Holzschneider und Maler Georg Lemberger als Fecht- und Ringbuchillustrator?." Codices manuscripti & impressi S12. Purkersdorf: Verlag Brüder Hollinek. ISBN 0379-3621.
Żabiński, Grzegorz (2010). The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the 'Goliath' Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4.

References

↑ Welle 2017, p 9. The date of "1510 - 1520" on the inside cover is a later addition, and seems to be incorrect.
↑ Welle 2017, p 20.
↑ Welle 2017, pp 10-11.
↑ Zabinski 2010, pp 83-91.
↑ Welle 2017, pp 9-11.
↑ Welle 2017, pp 6-8.
↑ Actually First Samuel 17.
↑ Corrected from dein.
↑ Corrected from auf.
↑ Initially lower case and corrected.
↑ Possibly corrected from sucht.
↑ Possibly corrected from dein.

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work	Author(s)	Source
Scans	Biblioteka Jagiellońska	Biblioteka Jagiellońska
Translation	Kirk Siemsen	Private communication
Transcription	Michael Chidester	Index:Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)

[1] Welle 2017, p 9. The date of "1510 - 1520" on the inside cover is a later addition, and seems to be incorrect.

[2] Welle 2017, p 20.

[3] Welle 2017, pp 10-11.

[4] Zabinski 2010, pp 83-91.

[5] Welle 2017, pp 9-11.

[6] Welle 2017, pp 6-8.

[7] Actually First Samuel 17.

[8] Corrected from dein.

[9] Corrected from auf.

[10] Initially lower case and corrected.

[11] Possibly corrected from sucht.

[12] Possibly corrected from dein.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

#

[8]

#

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

Difference between revisions of "Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)"

Latest revision as of 21:37, 12 April 2025

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 <!----------Name---------->
   | name               = [[name::Goliath Fechtbuch]]
-  | location           = [[inventory::MS Germ.Quart.2020]], [[museum::Biblioteka Jagiellońska]]<br/>Kraków, Poland
+  | location           = [[inventory::MS germ. quart. 2020]], [[museum::Biblioteka Jagiellońska]]<br/>Kraków, Poland
 <!----------Image---------->
   | imageleft          = File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 Iv.jpg
   | imageright         = File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 IIr.jpg
-  | width              = x131px
+  | width              = x175px
-  | caption            = Image of David and Goliath, Iv - IIr
+  | caption            = David and Goliath, Ⅰv - Ⅱr
 <!----------General---------->
-  | Index number       = [[WI::—]]
+  | Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::G]]
-  | Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::—]]
+  | Wierschin's catalog= —
   | Hils' catalog      = [[HK::29]]
-  | Beck catalog       = {{plainlist
+  | Beck catalog       = [http://kdih.badw.de/datenbank/handschrift/38/1/3 38.1.3] {{#set:BC=38.1.3}}<br/>[http://kdih.badw.de/datenbank/handschrift/38/4/1 38.4.1] {{#set:BC=38.4.1}}
-  | [[BC::38.1.3]]
-  | [[BC::38.4.1]]
- }}
   | Also known as      = MS 5879
   | Type               = {{plainlist
@@ Line 21: / Line 18: @@
    | [[type::Wrestling manual]]
   }}
-  | Date               = [[year::1510-1520|1510 - 1520]]
+  | Date               = [[year::1535-1540|1535 - 1540]]
-  | Place of origin    = Southern Germany
+  | Place of origin    = Augsburg or Landshut
   | Language(s)        = [[language::Early New High German]]
-  | Scribe(s)          =
+  | Scribe(s)          = Unknown
   | Author(s)          = {{collapsible list
    | [[author::Peter Falkner]]
-   | [[author::Martin Huntfeltz]]
+   | [[author::Martin Huntsfeld]]
    | [[author::Johannes Liechtenauer]]
-   | [[author::Andre Liegniczer]]
+   | [[author::Andre Lignitzer]]
    | [[author::Ott Jud]]
-   | [[author::Andre Paurñfeyndt]]
+   | [[author::Andre Paurenfeyndt]]
   }}
-  | Compiled by        = Unknown
+  | Compiled by        = [[Georg Lemberger]]
-  | Illuminated by     = Unknown
+  | Illuminated by     = [[artist::Georg Lemberger]]
-  | Patron             = Maximilian I (?)
+  | Patron             = Unknown
   | Dedicated to       =
 <!----------Form and content---------->
-  | Material           = Paper, with a modern leather <br/>binding
+  | Material           = Paper, with a modern leather binding
-  | Size               = 285 [[folia]]
+  | Size               = 285 [[folia]] (200 mm × 217 mm)
-  | Format             = Double-sided; text with <br/>scattered illustrations
+  | Format             = Double-sided; text with scattered <br/>illustrations
   | Condition          =
-  | Script             = [[script::Black Letter]]
+  | Script             =
   | Contents           =
   | Illumination(s)    =
@@ Line 48: / Line 45: @@
   | Exemplar(s)        =
   | Previously kept    =
-  | Discovered         = [[Hans-Peter Hils]] (1983)
+  | Discovered         =
   | Website            =
   | Images             = {{plainlist
@@ Line 57: / Line 54: @@
   | below              =
 }}
-The '''Goliath Fechtbuch''' (MS German Quarto 2020) is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] created between 1510 and 1520.<ref>Internally dated "1510 - 1520" on the [[:File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 Cover 2.jpg|inside cover]].</ref> The original currently rests in the holdings of the [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]] in Kraków, Poland. Zabinski speculates based on a number of factors that it was commissioned for Maximilian I (1459-1519), a well-known aficionado of military texts.<ref>Zabinski, pp 83-91.</ref> The manuscript appears to have at least three different scribes, but uses a single artist throughout.<ref>Zabinski, p 66.</ref> It is generally nicknamed "Goliath" due to the depiction of the Biblical confrontation between David and the giant Goliath on the inside cover. The reason for the inclusion of this painting is entirely unclear, but it may be an allusion to the size of the [[sword]]s depicted in the illustrations of unarmored long sword fencing.
+The '''Goliath Fechtbuch''' (MS germ. quart. 2020) is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] created between 1535 and 1540,<ref>Welle 2017, p 9. The date of "1510 - 1520" on the [[:File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 Cover 2.jpg|inside cover]] is a later addition, and seems to be incorrect.</ref> possibly by [[Georg Lemberger]] (1495/1500-1540/45).<ref>Welle 2017, p 20.</ref> The original currently rests in the holdings of the [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]] in Kraków, Poland. It is generally nicknamed "Goliath" due to the depiction of the Biblical confrontation between David and the giant Goliath on the inside cover. The reason for the inclusion of this painting is entirely unclear, though it may simply come down to the popularity of the story in this period as an example of a righteous single combat. (It may also be an allusion to the size of the [[sword]]s depicted in the illustrations of unarmored fencing.)
-The Goliath Fechtbuch is a compilation text consisting of treatises on a variety of martial topics by several different masters, most of whom who stood in the tradition of the grand master [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]. The first several sections include elaborately painted illustrations, but the images cease abruptly toward the beginning of the section on [[armored fencing]], with the final few illustrations being merely rough line drawings. This in addition to the presence of blank spaces through the rest of the manuscript seems to suggest that additional illustrations were planned but never completed (perhaps due to the emperor's death).
+Goliath is a compilation text consisting of treatises on a variety of martial topics by several different masters, most of whom who stood in the tradition of the grand master [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]. There appears to be a single illustrator throughout, and potentially a single scribe as well, despite the number of different scripts employed.<ref>Welle 2017, pp 10-11.</ref> The first several sections include elaborately painted illustrations, but the illustrations cease abruptly toward the beginning of the section on [[armored fencing]], with the final few illustrations being merely rough line drawings. This, in addition to the presence of blank spaces through the rest of the manuscript, seems to suggest that additional illustrations were planned but never completed (perhaps due to Lemberger's death some time after 1537).
+Zabinski assumes that the date on the cover is correct and speculates based on a number of factors that Goliath was commissioned for Maximilian Ⅰ (1459-1519), a well-known aficionado of military texts.<ref>Zabinski 2010, pp 83-91.</ref> Welle, however, rejects this hypothesis and date, and arrives at a date in the latter 1530s based on handwriting and watermark analysis.<ref>Welle 2017, pp 9-11.</ref>
 == Provenance ==
-The known provenance of the MS German Quarto 2020 is:
+The known provenance of the MS German Quarto 2020 is:<ref>Welle 2017, pp 6-8.</ref>
-* Written between 1510 and 1520 in southern Germany, possibly commissioned by Maximilian I or a member of the Imperial court.
+* Created between 1535 and 1540 in southern Germany by [[Georg Lemberger]].
-* before 1564 – partially copied by [[Lienhart Sollinger]] into a manuscript included in the [[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Codex I.6.2º.2]].
+* before 1564 – partially copied by [[Lienhart Sollinger]] into a manuscript included in the [[Wilhalm/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Cod. Ⅰ.6.2º.2]].
-* before 1923 – owned by Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1784-1817) and Johann Jakob Bachofen (1815-1887). The terms of ownership of both men are unknown.
+* before 1923 – owned by Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1807-1878) and Jean Louis Burckhardt (1883-1943). The terms of ownership of both men are unknown; sold 1923.
-* 1923-1938 – held by Fischer gallery in Luzern, Germany (donated to the [[Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin]], 1938). Offered to [[Robert Lyons Scott]] in 1935, but no sale took place.
+* 1923-1938 – held by Fischer Gallery and Kunsthandel A.-G. Böhler & Steinmeyer in Luzern, Germany (sold to the [[Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin]], 1938). Offered to [[Robert Lyons Scott]] several times in 1935, but no sale took place.
-* 1938-after 1985 – held by the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin in Berlin, Germany, classified MS 5879.
+* 1938-1946 – held by the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin in Berlin, Germany; moved to Fürstenstein Castle in 1941, and then Grüssau monastery in 1944. Transferred to Kraków after World War Ⅱ.
-* after 1985 – held by the Biblioteka Jagiellońska in Kraków, Poland.
+* 1946-present – held by the Biblioteka Jagiellońska in Kraków, Poland.
 == Contents ==
@@ Line 76: / Line 75: @@
 {| class="treatise"
 |-
-! id="page" | Ir - IIv
+! id="page" | Ⅰr - Ⅱv
 | {{treatise begin
     | title = Front matter
-    | width = 84em
+    | width = 90m
 }}
-{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+{| class="treatisecontent"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Bartłomiej Walczak]]</p>
-! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)}}<br/>by [[Bartłomiej Walczak]]</p>
+! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 Cover 2.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 Cover 2.jpg|400px|center]]
 |
-<br/>
+<br/>Schweiz<br/>1510-1520<br/>RY/EY<br/>
-Schweiz<br/>
--1520<br/>
-RY/EY<br/>
-{{dec|u|'''Burckhardt-Schönauer Maler'''}}
+{{dec|u|Burckhardt-Schönauer Maler}}
-{{dec|u|'''Gellertstrasse No 2. Basel'''}}
+{{dec|u|Gellertstrasse ₦º 2. Basel}}
@@ Line 111: / Line 107: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 Ir.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 Ir.jpg|400px|center]]
 |
 au.ms.1938.30
@@ Line 124: / Line 120: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 Iv.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 Iv.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>It is a most beautiful play when one can see that they are punished, not by a stranger's, but by their own work, stabbed to death with their own sword; and their head is chopped off with their own sword, as it happened to Goliath.</p>
-| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020|Iv|jpg}}
+| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020|Iv|jpg|lbl=Ⅰv}}
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 IIr.jpg|280px|center]]
+| class="noline" rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 IIr.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>This figure is '''Goliath''': he was a terrible cruel giant, whom all men feared except for little David (that is, Christ) who alone killed him, and chopped his head off with his own sword, which was the sword of old Jesse, as one can read in the First Book of Kings, chapter 21.<ref>Actually First Samuel 17.</ref></p>
-| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 IIr.jpg|1|lbl=IIr}}
+| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 IIr.jpg|1|lbl=Ⅱr}}
 |-
-| <p>Because he prepared and ordered the death in order to overcome and cut away sins.</p>
+| class="noline" | <p>Because he prepared and ordered the death in order to overcome and cut away sins.</p>
-| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 IIr.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 IIr.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 |}
 {{treatise end}}
 |-
-! [[Johannes Liechtenauer|1r - 7r]]
+! 1r - 7r
 | [[Recital]] on [[long sword]] fencing by [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]
@@ Line 149: / Line 145: @@
 |-
-! [[Andre Paurñfeyndt|75r - 84v]]
+! [[Andre Paurenfeyndt|75r - 84v]]
-| [[Pole weapons]] by [[Andre Paurñfeyndt]]
+| [[Pole weapons]] by [[Andre Paurenfeyndt]]
 |-
@@ Line 160: / Line 156: @@
 | {{treatise begin
     | title = Anonymous dagger teachings
-    | width = 84em
+    | width = 90em
 }}
-{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+{| class="treatisecontent"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Kirk Siemsen]]</p>
-! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)}}<br/>by [[Bartłomiej Walczak]]</p>
+! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 089v.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 089v.jpg|400px|center]]
 |
 | {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020|089r|jpg}}
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 090r.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 090r.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>'''A Stepping Move and an Arm Break'''</p>
@@ Line 181: / Line 177: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 090v.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 090v.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>'''An Arm Break and a Stepping Move'''</p>
@@ Line 188: / Line 184: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 091r.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 091r.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>'''Breaking the Arm'''</p>
@@ Line 195: / Line 191: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 091v.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 091v.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>'''How to Singly Control His Stab from Above'''</p>
@@ Line 202: / Line 198: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 092r.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 092r.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>'''A Hold as He Grabs the Collar from Behind'''</p>
@@ Line 209: / Line 205: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 092v.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 092v.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>'''Capturing the dagger'''</p>
@@ Line 216: / Line 212: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 093r.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 093r.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>'''Regarding a Stab'''</p>
@@ Line 223: / Line 219: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 093v.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 093v.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>'''Breaking the Wrist'''</p>
@@ Line 230: / Line 226: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 094r.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 094r.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>'''Regarding a Stab and a Break of the Arm'''</p>
@@ Line 236: / Line 232: @@
 | {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020|094r|jpg}}
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 094v.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 094v.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>'''Regarding a Stab'''</p>
@@ Line 243: / Line 239: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 095r.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 095r.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>'''Regarding a Stab'''</p>
@@ Line 250: / Line 246: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 095v.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 095v.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>'''A Stab'''</p>
@@ Line 257: / Line 253: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 096r.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 096r.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>'''Regarding a Stab'''</p>
@@ Line 264: / Line 260: @@
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 096v.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 096v.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>After the break, while pretending to be resting, your opponent tried to stab you from underneath. Set yourself low at stomach level, and block with your inverted left hand just above the wrist. Swing in with your right hand with your dagger, strike his right elbow, and yank in hard on him when you restrain his arm. Take in the dagger which will break the arm. Drive on in, and hit his mouth with your dagger.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020|096v|jpg}}
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 097r.jpg|280px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 097r.jpg|400px|center]]
 | <p>Your opponent struck at you with a strong reverse stab from underneath the gut. Grab your dagger (to be precise, the blade of the fighting hand), and drop in vertically along his dagger. See illustration: take in with the blade or dagger's knob; go, and seize it by stepping behind him so you can drive in while shoving his dagger with a quick thrust.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020|097r|jpg}}
 |-
-| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 097v.jpg|280px|center]]
+| class="noline" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 097v.jpg|400px|center]]
-| <p>Your opponent tried to stab you in the gut. Block his dagger (to be precise, the fighting hand dagger) with yours. Then press in (with the dagger you have in your right hand) quickly, drive onto his right hand by the wrist, and catch his dagger with yours. Continue to press in with that hand and support it with your abdomen. Using your left hand, yank his lower arm toward yourself.</p>
+| class="noline" | <p>Your opponent tried to stab you in the gut. Block his dagger (to be precise, the fighting hand dagger) with yours. Then press in (with the dagger you have in your right hand) quickly, drive onto his right hand by the wrist, and catch his dagger with yours. Continue to press in with that hand and support it with your abdomen. Using your left hand, yank his lower arm toward yourself.</p>
-| {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020|097v|jpg}}
+| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020|097v|jpg}}
 |}
@@ Line 282: / Line 278: @@
 |-
-! [[Andre Liegniczer|98r - 102v]]
+! [[Andre Lignitzer|98r - 102v]]
-| Dagger by [[Andre Liegniczer]]
+| Dagger by [[Andre Lignitzer]]
 |-
-! [[Martin Huntfeltz|103r - 110v]]
+! [[Martin Huntsfeld|103r - 110v]]
-| Dagger by [[Martin Huntfeltz]]
+| Dagger by [[Martin Huntsfeld]]
 |-
@@ Line 298: / Line 294: @@
 |-
-! [[Andre Liegniczer|148r - 157r]]
+! [[Andre Lignitzer|148r - 157r]]
-| Grappling by [[Andre Liegniczer]]
+| Grappling by [[Andre Lignitzer]]
 |-
@@ Line 310: / Line 306: @@
 |-
-! [[Martin Huntfeltz|192v - 196r]]
+! [[Martin Huntsfeld|192v - 196r]]
-| Mounted fencing by [[Martin Huntfeltz]]
+| Mounted fencing by [[Martin Huntsfeld]]
 |-
@@ Line 318: / Line 314: @@
 |-
-! [[Andre Liegniczer|252r - 271v]]
+! [[Andre Lignitzer|252r - 271v]]
-| Short sword fencing by [[Andre Liegniczer]]
+| Short sword fencing by [[Andre Lignitzer]]
 |-
-! [[Martin Huntfeltz|272r - 281v]]
+! [[Martin Huntsfeld|272r - 281v]]
-| Short sword fencing by [[Martin Huntfeltz]]
+| Short sword fencing by [[Martin Huntsfeld]]
 |}
@@ Line 329: / Line 325: @@
 == Gallery ==
-Images hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]].
+{{collation}}
+Scans hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]].
 {{image|MS Germ.Quart.2020 Cover 1.jpg|Front Cover}}
 {{image|MS Germ.Quart.2020 Cover 2.jpg|Inside Cover}}
-{{image|MS Germ.Quart.2020 Ir.jpg|Ir}}
+{{image|MS Germ.Quart.2020 Ir.jpg|Ⅰr}}
-{{image|MS Germ.Quart.2020 Iv.jpg|Iv}}
+{{image|MS Germ.Quart.2020 Iv.jpg|Ⅰv}}
-{{image|MS Germ.Quart.2020 IIr.jpg|IIr}}
+{{image|MS Germ.Quart.2020 IIr.jpg|Ⅱr}}
-{{image|MS Germ.Quart.2020 IIv.jpg|IIv}}
+{{image|MS Germ.Quart.2020 IIv.jpg|Ⅱv}}
 {{image|MS Germ.Quart.2020 001r.jpg|Folio 1r}}
 {{image|MS Germ.Quart.2020 001v.jpg|Folio 1v}}
@@ Line 912: / Line 910: @@
 == Additional Resources ==
-* Jaquet, Daniel; [[Bartłomiej Walczak|Walczak, Bartłomiej]]. "Liegnitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew? The question of authorship of popular Medieval fighting teachings". ''[[Acta Periodica Duellatorum]]'' '''2'''(1): 105-148. 2014. {{doi|10.1515/apd-2015-0015}}.
+{{bibliography}}
-* [[Grzegorz Żabiński|Żabiński, Grzegorz]]. ''The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript.'' Poland: [[Adam Marshall]], 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4
 == References ==
-{{reflist}}
+{{reflist|2}}
 == Copyright and License Summary ==
@@ Line 925: / Line 922: @@
 <section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = Images
+  | work        = Scans
   | authors     = [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]]
   | source link = http://www.bj.uj.edu.pl/
   | source title= Biblioteka Jagiellońska
-  | license     = permission
+  | license     = public domain
 }}
 {{sourcebox
   | work        = Translation
-  | authors     = [[Kirk Siemsen]]
+  | authors     = [[translator::Kirk Siemsen]]
   | source link =
   | source title= Private communication
@@ Line 940: / Line 937: @@
 {{sourcebox
   | work        = Transcription
-  | authors     = [[Monika Maziarz]], [[Bartłomiej Walczak]], [[Grzegorz Żabiński]], [[Jens P. Kleinau]]
+  | authors     = [[transcriber::Michael&nbsp;Chidester]]
   | source link =
   | source title= [[Index:Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)]]
-  | license     = various
+  | license     = noncommercial
 }}
 {{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
@@ Line 957: / Line 954: @@
 [[Category:Dagger]]
+[[Category:New format]]