Hans Talhoffer/Württemberg

Württemberg Edition
fol. 16v, including Eberhardt's coat of arms
Author(s)	Hans Talhoffer
Illustrated by	Stefan Schriber
Patron	Eberhardt von Württemberg
Date	1467
Genre	Fencing manual Wrestling manual
Language	Early New High German
Archetype(s)	Cod. icon. 394a
Manuscript(s)	Cod.Ser.Nov.2978 (1500s) 2º MS iurid. 29 (1600s) 2º Col. MS philos. 61 (late 1600s) Cod.guelf.125.16.Extrav (late 1600s) MS 014 (1700s) Cod. icon. 394 (1820)
First Printed English Edition	Rector, 2000
Concordance by	Michael Chidester
Translations	Traduction française Traducción castellano

The archetype of this edition of Hans Talhoffer's fencing manual, the cod.icon. 394a, was produced in 1467 for Eberhardt, Graf von Württemberg. It exists in at least four largely-complete manuscript copies and three other fragments, all created before 1820; it was also published in facsimile by Gustav Hergsell in 1887 and 1894.

Treatise

The earlest known copy made from the archetype, Cod.Ser.Nov.2978, was sold to an unknown private collector in the late 20th century and is no longer available for study. For this reason, it cannot be included in the concordances below. The Göttingen, Wolfenbüttel, and Coburg versions only include plays of the duel between man and woman, so to make the tables easier to read, they are omitted from all other sections and included at the far right side of that one.

Long Sword

Images from Archetype	Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467)  by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Transcription (1600s)	Munich Transcription (1820)
	Upper-hew. Lower-hew.	[2r]  Oberhow. Vnderhow.
	Plunging-hew. Changing-hew.	[2v]  Sturtzhow. Wechsselhow.
	Threaten him with the Wrath-point. Yet another Upper-hew.	[3r]  Zorn ortt Im dröw. Aber oberhout.
	The long Wrath-point. Therefore is the Crossed-point.	[3v]  Das lang Zorn ortt. Darfür ist das geschrenckt ortt.
	The free hew From the roof. Therefrom the neck-blow make.	[4r]  Der fry How von Tach. Dams das Halsfahen mach.
	On the lower opening. Also on the lower opening.	[4v]  Am vnderen blosz. ouch am vnderen blasz.
	A sword taking.	[5r] Ain Schwert niemen.
	A to-laying or before-coming.	[5v] Ain zu legen oder eekomen.
	Left goes right that must fence strongly.	[6r] Linck gen rechten das must Starck vechten.
	A free point. The whipping.	[6v]  Ain fryes ortt. Das gayszlen.
	From the binding-on, away-thrusting and grasping behind the elbow.	[7r] Vsz dem anbinden hinvegstoszen hinter dem Elbogen vassen.
	With the free point running-in and stepping in the stomach.	[7v] Mit dem fryen ortt Inlouffen vnd Tretten In den buch.
	Two upper points.	[8r] Zwey ober ortt.
	The two lower openings.	[8v] Die zwo vnderen blosz.
	The way-binding or behind-binding.	[9r] Das wegbinden oder Hinder binden.
	The attacking over the Iron Gate. The Iron Gate.	[9v]  Das gryffen über die Iszny Portt. Die yszni Port.
	The Upper-hew given up and striking to the arm.	[10r] Den Oberhaw erliegen vnd In die arm slahen.
	He has made the crossed point. He hews from the roof.	[10v]  Der das geschrenckt ortt macht. Der hout von tach.
	Crooked onto nimbly. The point turn against.	[11r]  Krum vff behend das ort wider wend.
	Here is the Crooked completed.	[11v] Hie ist die krum volbracht.
	He attacks after the lower opening. He slices from above therein.	[12r]  Der gryfft nach der vnderen blosz der schnit von oben daryn.
	The work in the war.	[12v] Die arbeit Im krieg.
	The crossed weak. He stands in the guard.	[13r]  Die geschrenckt schwechin. Der stat in der Hut.
	A falling-over.	[13v] Ain überfallen.
	Both stand in the guard.	[14r] Stand beid In der Hut.
	An armed falling-in and sword taking.	[14v] Ain gewauppet Infallen vnd swert niemen.
	He stands freely with the point. He hews left over the point.	[15r]  Der staut fry Im ort. Der hout linck über das ort.
	From the Upper-hew, falling in the armed point.	[15v] Vsz dem oberhow geuallen In das gewauppet ort.
	From the binding-on, gripping-over and throwing.	[16r] Vsz den anbinden übergryffen vnd werfen.
	From the binding-on, yet another grabbing with force.	[16v] Vsz den anbinden uber ain vahen mit gewalt. 1467
	From the binding-on, falling in the lower point.	[17r] Vsz den anbinden geuallen In die vndere ort.
	From the binding-on, thrusting away by the elbow.	[17v] Vsz dem anbinden stossen hinweg by den Elbogen.
	The murder-blow.	[18r] Der mortschlag.
	The throw from the murder-blow.	[18v] Der wurff vsz dem ortschlag.
	From the free hew, falling in the armed point.	[19r] Vsz dem fryen How geuallen In das gewauppet ort.
	From the Squinter, falling in the armed point.	[19v] Vsz dem schilher geuallen In das gewauppet ort.
	From the thunder-blow, a throw. From the thunder-blow, a wrenching.	[20r]  Vsz dem Tunrschlag Ain werffen. Vsz dem dunrschlag ain Ryszen.
	After the wrenching the thrust in the face.	[20v] Nach dem Ryszen der stos In das antlitz.
	The fire-tongs. Or the binding-on with the shortened sword.	[21r]  Bas brentschirn. Oder das anbinden Im kurtzen Schwert.
	From the binding-on with the shortened sword.	[21v] Vsz dem anbinden Im kurtzen schwert
	From the burn-sheers, a leaning onto the elbow.	[22r] Vsz dem brentschüren ein leinen vff den Elbogen.
	A necessary-stance for the stab above and below.	[22v] Ain Notstand für den Stich oben vnd vnden.
	A pressing, therefrom working.	[23r] Ain gedreng darus Arbaiten.
	A tacking of his glove.	[23v] Ain hefften In Hentschuch.
	A tacking of his foot.	[24r] Ain Hefften In fus.
	From binding-on, a wrenching by the knee hollow.	[24v] Vom anbinden ain Hyszen by der knüw kelen.
	The made-up murder-strike and blow to the shank.	[25r] Den mordstraich erlogen vnd schlahen In den schenckel.
	From the binding-on, a throat-wrenching.	[25v] Vsz dem anbinden ain Halssryszen.
	Here have they gripped the sword.	[26r] Hie hand sie die swert begriffen.
	A sword taking.	[26v] Ain Schwert niemen.
	Sword changing.	[27r] Schwert wechszlen.
	Yet another searching. He will thrust and wrench.	[27v]  Aber ain suchen. Der wil stossen vnd Ryszen.
	Here is the murder-strike displaced, and he wrenches him by the neck.	[28r] Hie ist der mordtstraich versetzt vnd ryszt In by dem Hals.
	From the burn-sheers, a lock-in.	[28v] Vsz dem brentschiren ain ynschlieszenn.
	From the sword grasping, then throw both from you and end-well.	[29r] Vsz dem swert vassen so würffs baide von dir vnd vollend.
	From the murder-strike, the turning around.	[29v] Vom dem mordtstraich das vmb keren.
	The break over the around-turn.	[30r] Der Bruch über das vmkern.
	From the murder-strike, of him running and thrusting and again hitting and wrenching.	[30v] Vsz dem Mordtstreich von Im louffen vnd stoszen vnd wider schlahen vnd ryszen.
	From the sword gripping, slipping through.	[31r] Vsz dem swert begryffen durch schlupffen.
	From the burn-sheers, a lock and throw.	[31v] Vsz den brentschürn ain schlieszen vnd werffen.
	He stands for stab and strike. He stands reversed for stab and strike.	[32r]  Der staut für stich vnd Straich. Der staut verkert für Stich vnd Streich.
	Yet another sword taking.	[32v] Aber ain schwert niemen.
	He wants to hit. A running-in.	[33r]  Der will schlahenn. Ain Inlouffen.
	From the running-in, the throw.	[33v] Vsz dem Inlouffen der wurff.
	The throw is completed.	[34r] Der wurff Ist volbracht.
	For the stab and wrenching his arm.	[34v] Für den stich vnd rysen In Arm.
	And with stepping-before and thrusting in the face.	[35r] Vnd mit fürtretten vnd stossen In das antlitz.

Armored Fencing

Images from Archetype	Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467)  by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Transcription (1600s)	Munich Transcription (1820)
	Here he goes in the barrier. He carries in his procession before.	[35v]  Hie gat er In den schrancken. Der tregt Im sin Zug vor.
	Here they both sit in the barrier and wait for the occasion and have both their coffins behind them and their grit-wardens before them.	[36r] Hie sitzent sie beid Im, schrancken vnd wartent des anlas vnd hat yeder sin bär hinder Im und sin grieswarten vor Im.
	Here they are beginning, and he stands in the displacement for the shoot. He will shoot with the spear.	[36v]  Hie sint sie angelauszen vnd stat der in der versatzung für den schütz. Der will schiessen mit dem spies.
	He has shot. The shot is displaced.	[37r]  Der hat geschossen. Der schusz ist versetzt.
	The displacement for the blow. He runs-on with the murder-blow.	[37v]  Das versetzen für den schlag. Der anlouff mit dem Mordtschlag.
	From the displacement, thrusting away. He has completed the strike.	[38r]  Usz der versatzung hinweg stossen. Der haut den straich volbracht.
	And before-stepping and throwing over the shank.	[38v] Vnd fürtreten vnd werffen über den schenckel.
	A break for a free blow, displace armed and grip-over the man and fall onto the stepping foot.	[39r] Ain bruch für ain fryen schlag versetz gewaubet vnd uhergryff den man vnd fall vff den dritten fus.
	Piece and break.	[39v] Stuck und bruch.
	The uncertain-stab. He is in the necessary correct stance. He wants to work. He stands in his advantage without danger.	[40r]  Der Zwyuelstich. Der recht stand in der Nott. Der wil arbeiten. Der stat In sin vorteil on gewer.
	There they wrestle around the sword. Here he has hit, and the other displaces and makes and end.	[40v]  Da Ringen sie umb das swert. Hie hat der geschlagen und der ander versetzt und macht ain end.

Pole Weapons

Images from Archetype	Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467)  by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Transcription (1600s)	Munich Transcription (1820)
	The first binding-on with the axe.	[41r] Das erst anbinden mit der axst.
	From the binding-on, he has made him defenseless.	[41v] Vsz dem anbinden Hat er In werlousz gemacht.
	He will freely hit. He will bind him behind and make him defenseless and help his blow away.	[42r]  Der will fry schlahen. Der will In hinder binden vnd In werlousz machen vnd sin schlag hinweg helffen.
	Here he has helped the blow away, and the technique is completed.	[42v] Hie hat er dem schlag hinweg geholffen, vnd ist das stuck volbraucht.
	The displaced made-up strike, and wrenching therefrom.	[43r] Der erlogen straich versetzet vnd darns geryssen.
	As they both hit from the roof, from the binding on he then falls around his neck and wrenches him.	[43v] Als sie baid geschlagen hand von tach vsz dem anbinden so felt er Im vmb den Hals vnd ryszt In.
	In the wrenching he steps in-after and grips him by the neck and throws him over the hip.	[44r] In dem Ryszen dritt der hinach vnd ergrifft In by dem Hals vnnd wurfft In über die Hüfften.
	From the binding-on they have come to wrestling, and he has from the Knave throw thrown him.	[44v] Vsz dem anbinden sint sie zu Ringen komen vnd hat In vsz dem buben wurff geworffen.
	From the free strike and binding-on has he over-gripped, and will throw him.	[45r] Vsz dem fryen schlag vnd anbinden hat er In übergriffen, vnd will In werffen.
	He has hit. Here he displaces with the shaft and will work.	[45v]  Der hat geslagen. Hie versetzt der mit dem schafft vnd will arbeiten.
	Here he is stepping-before and completes the piece.	[46r] Hie ist er furtreten vnd das stuck volbracht.
	He has hit to him after the foot. He has displaced the blow and wants to again work.	[46v]  Der hat geschlagen dem nach den füszen. Der hat den schlag versetzt vnd will wyter arbaiten.
	From the displacement he hits him on the neck and will wrench.	[47r] Vsz der versatzung schlecht er In an Hals vnd will Ryszen.
	Here has he displaced the stab and hit him around the neck and will wrench. He has stabbed.	[47v]  Hie hat der den stich versetzt vnd schlecht In vmb den Hals vnd will ryszen. Der hat gestochen.
	Here he makes the break and they wrench around the axe.	[48r] Hie macht der den bruch vnd ryszen sie sich vmb die agst.
	There is the piece completed and he throws him over the shank.	[48v] Da ist das stuck volbracht vnd würfft In über den schenckel.
	From the binding-on, he falls in with the axe behind the elbow and shoves him away.	[49r] Vsz den anbinden felt er Im mit der agst hinder den Elbogen vnd schubt In hinweg.
	There he turns completely around and makes the break over the before-named piece.	[49v] Da lat er sich gar vmb kern vnd macht den bruch über das vorgenant stuck.
	Yet another occasion. Here he will distress with stabbing and hitting.	[50r]  Aber ain anlasz. Hie will der den nöten mit stichen vnd schlahen.
	Here he has displaced the stab and will wrench.	[50v] Hie hat der den stich versetzt vnd will ryszen.
	A behind-binding.	[51r] Ain Hinderbinden.
	He waits for the blow from the roof. He will hit with power.	[51v]  Der wartet des schlags von Tach. Der wyl mit macht Schlahen.
	Here he has displaced the blow and thrusts him from him. He has given my weak in his strong and thrust me from him.	[52r]  Hie hat der den schlag versetzt vnd stotzt In von Im. Der hat mir Tschwech In Sterck geben vnd mich von Im gestossen.
	Here am I come from my advantage. As he has thrust him, so he hit in the axe on the neck and threw him on the back.	[52v]  Hie hin ich von mynem vortail Komen. Als er In gestossen hatt so schlecht er Im die agst an Halsz vnd würfft In an den Rucken.
	Here he makes an end-piece with him and stabs him to death.	[53r] Hie machet er ain endstuck mit Im vnd Sticht In zu tod.

Longshield

Images from Archetype	Complete Translation by Mark Rector	Archetype (1467)  by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Transcription (1600s)	Munich Transcription (1820)
	Here is the beginning with the shield and the stance to my advantage. God give us luck and well-being. Here I stand in the Frankish manner.	[53v]  Hie ist der anfang mit dem schilt vnd ston in mynem Vortail Gott geb uns glük vnd haill. Hie ston Ich nach frenckeschem Rechten.
	Therewith allow I am not afraid. I mean to cover myself with my shield. Here I stand in the hazard.	[54r]  Damit lausz ich mich nit erschrecken. Ich wyl mich mit dem schült bedecken. Hie ston ich Im wurff.
	Here in this stance he has found me completely open. Here he has interlocked the shields and stikes towards his head.	[54v]  Hie In diser stund hast du mich gar blosz funden. Hie hatt er den schilt geschrenckt vnd schlecht Im nach Sinem hopt.
	This one means to hammer the shield at him. Thus he steps forth and means to strike at his head.	[55r]  Der wyl Im den schilt Inschlahen. So tritt er für vnd wyl In zu dem hopt schlahen.
	I have been found in an opening. I fear he might get a thrust at me. This one binds his shield behind.	[55v]  Ich bin funden hlos. Ich fircht es werd mir ain stosz. Der hatt Im hinder den schilt gebunden.
	Here he makes an end-thrust at me. Here I have thrust.	[56r]  Hie macht er mir ain endstosz. Hie hon ich den gestossen.
	With my stride I have surprised you, and strike with certainty. He then steps around my shield. Thus, I mean to throw (the club?).	[56v]  Mit mynem Tryt hon ich dich entrist, vnd schlach gar gewyssz. Er hatt mir den schilt vmbtretten. So wyl Ich werffen.
	Here this one means to thrust therein over the shield. Here I mean to bind him behind and find an opening near his heart.	[57r]  Hie wyl der den schilt obnen hinyn stossen. Hie wil Ich Im hinterbinden vnd vmb Sin hertz blos finden.
	Here the piece is completed just as it was described before.	[57v] Hie ist das stuck volbracht wie vor geschriben Stat.
	Here each one charges around and seeks his advantage. This one then has the advantage.	[58r]  Hie Triben Sie ainannder vmb vnd sucht yeglicher sinen vortail. Der hatt den vortail.
	In this, he strikes the shield from his hand out of the bind and means to thrust towards him when he finds an opening. However, thus he grasps with his arm and throws the shield from him and helps him away.	[58v]  Da hatt er Im den Schilt vsz der hend geschlagen vsz dem anbinden vnd wyl stossen wa er Im noch blosz finden. So grifft aber der mit dem Arm vnd würfft den schilt von Im vnd hilfft Im hinweg.
	From his helping-away, I thrust here-behind. Here I present an opening, this earns me a wicked thrust.	[59r]  Vsz sinem anweg helffen kumpt mir myn stossz herwyder. Hie bin Ich worden blos des wirt mir ain beser Stossz.
	From the help-away, the whole piece is completed.	[59v] Vsz dem hinnweghelffen ist das Stuck gantz volbracht.
	The bind against each other.	[60r] Die Bindent aber ainannder an.
	From the bind, thus he binds behind him and thrusts at him from above with the shield across his thigh.	[60v] Vsz dem anbinden So hatt er In hinderbunden vnd Stoszt Im mit dem schilt oben durch Sinen schenckel.
	Here this one stands in his "Hat" guard and awaits his opponent. Thus this one then strikes the "Chop" from behind his shield and pulls it behind himself.	[61r]  Hie statt der In Siner Hutt vnd wartet des Mans. So schlecht der den Hacken hinder sinen Schilt vnd zert hindersich.
	This one pulls it behind himself just as it was described before.	[61v] Der Zert hindersich wie vor geschriben Statt.
	From the pull behind himself, thus he thrusts behind the shield therein. And the piece is completed.	[62r] Vsz dem hindersich zeren So stoszt er hinwyder den Schilt In den. Vnd ist das Stuck volbracht.
	Here he throws his arm out and grasps him over his arm and lets the shield lower and steps forth and strikes him about the throat with his left arm and throws him over the hip. Here he turns his shield around, interlocking them, and strikes at his head.	[62v]  Hie wurfft er sinen arm vff vnd übergrifft Im Sin arm vnd latt den Schilt fallen vnd Tryt für vnd Schlecht Im Sin lincken arm vmb Sinen Halsz vnd wurfft In über die huffen. Hie hert er den schilt vmh vnd Schlecht geschrenckt dem zu sinem houpt.
	Here the piece gets completed just as it was described before.	[63r] Hie wirt das Stuck volbracht wie vor geschriben Statt.
	This one is completely helpless and gets thrown. This one has his shield between the opponent and the opponent’s shield, strikes and then drops his shield and means to throw him.	[63v]  Der Ist ganntz werlosz vnd wirt geworffen. Der halt Sinen schilt zwüschen Man vnd schilt geschlagen vnd latt den schilt vnd wyl In werffen.
	Here the throw is completed and he strikes him with the club.	[64r] Hie ist der Wurff volbracht vnd Schlecht In dem kolben.
	This one displaces the blow with his club and grapples him with his arm and stikes him to death. Here they are come away from their shields and strike each other with their clubs.	[64v]  Der hatt Im sinen Straich versetzt mit dem kolben vnd über gryfft In mit dem Arm vnd Schlecht In zu tod. Da Sint sie komen von den schilten vnd Schlahent ainander mit den kalben. Hie hatt das kolben vechten ain end.
		[65r] [No text]
	Here I stand openly in the Swabian manner. Like one in a fencing hall. Thus I stand with shield and sword and have long wished to fight you.	[65v]  Hie Ston Ich fry Nach Schwebischen Rechten. Als man ze Hall vicht. So ston ich mit schilt vnd schwert vnd hon din lang zu fechten begert.
	This one then means to turn the shield and cut. Thus he brings his sword between the shields and he tries to stand just as strongly.	[66r]  Der wyl den Schilt wenden und howen. So bringt er Sin schwert zwüschen die schilt vnd versucht wie starck er Stand.
	This one stabs with the interlocked shields. Here this one stands with his target uncovered.	[66v]  Der sticht mit geschrencktem Schilt. Hie statt der blas vnuersetzt.
	We two stand like this when we both have turned around and each stand in the opposite stance.	[67r] Wir zwen standen wie die obern wenn das wir vns verkert haben vnd Statt yeglicher an des anndern Statt.
	In the "Hiding" stance, I turn my shield and stride forth with the stab. However, here I have my shield backwards, and am undone.	[67v]  Im verborgen Stund wend Ich min Schilt und schryt für mit dem Stich. Hie hab ich myn schilt gewendt vnd bin doch geschent.
	Thus I draw in my shield and therewith step away from his blow, thus I broke his piece. I meant to thrust across behind his shield.	[68r]  So zuckt ich mynen Schilt vnd Tryt vsz Sinem treffen damit So tun ich Im sin Stuck Brechen. Ich hon wöllen geschrenckt Stechen hinder Sinen Schilt.
	Out of the charge, thus I kick the shield from you and achieve my thrust at you.	[68v] Vsz dem anlouffen So Tryt Ich den schilt von dir vnd hab myn Stich volbracht an dir.
	There I displace with strength, meaning to prevent your cut and thrust. This one has turned around the shield. Note this.	[69r]  Da tun Ich versetzten mit Sterckin wyl ich dir din höw vnd Stich letzen. Der hatt den Schilt verkert. Das merck.
	Thus I let go of my shield to drop it and cut into the opening. This one meant to thrust between the shields.	[69v]  So lausz ich mynen schilt fallen vnd how zu der blessin. Der hatt wollen zwüschen Schilt Stossen.
	However, here is a finish. Thus this one lets his shield drop and grasps him by the elbow and thrusts the sword across at him.	[70r]  Hie Ist aber ain end. So latt aber der sinen schilt och Fallen vnd ergryfft In by den Elbogen vnd Stoszt Schwert durch In.
	Thus he means to hammer the shield and sword into him and bind behind if he wants to find the opening. This one stands in his guard.	[70v]  So wyll der Schilt und Schwert ynschlahen vnd hinderbinden ob er In möcht blos finden. Der statt In siner versatzung.
	He has drawn me to that hit, he outsmarted me with that. Here I have drawn his hit that he let fall and I have followed with the thrust towards him.	[71r]  Er hatt mir gezucht das treffen, damit er thut mich Effen. Hie hon ich Im gezuckt sin Treffen das er hatt gefelt und hon Im hachgerayszt mit dem Stick.
	Thus he examines the thrust, and does not allow him to come around it. This one takes the sword and shield together from the "Bochen" if he wants to come at him therein from above.	[71v]  So hatt er den Stosz vernomen, vnd latt In nit dartzu komen. Der hatt vsz dem bochen Schwert vnd schilt zemen genomen ob er Im möcht oben hinyn komen.
	Then I am closely between the shield and the sword, so that I can come at your head. As I have twisted the cut, I am undone.	[72r]  Da bin Ich zwüschen Schilt vnd Swert gedrungen, das ich dir zum houpt bin komen. Als Ich hon gehowen geschrenckt Da Ist mir mysse lungen.
	He means to cut with twisting and striding. Here mark that I have drawn my shield in and thrust in across at his leg.	[72v]  Mit schrencken vnd Schryten wyl er howen. Hie Merck wie ich das main das ich hon gezuckt vnd Stich in durch sin hain.
	The stance in the open guard. Concealed in this stance, he shifts the sword into the left hand and he thrusts over the shield.	[73r]  Der Statt in der versatzung fry. In dem stand verborgen wechselt er das Swert In die lincken hand vnd ersticht In übern schilt.
	Thus, in an open stance I am come around with my hand. That I may be well thought of, I have cut with twisting.	[73v]  In ainem fryen Stand So bin Ich komen vmb myn hand. Das mag Ich wolgedencken das ich hon gehowen mit Schrencken.
	This one stands in the stance in which this one arrives around his hand. Again, this one means to turn against the shield if he wants to find his opening.	[74r]  Der stant In dem stand dar Inn der kam vmb Sin hand. Aber wyl der vber den schilt winden, ob er in möchte blosz finden.
	Here we both stand with legs exposed. Again, this one may mean to throw the shield therein and thrust him away from himself.	[74v]  Hie stand wir bayd blos. Aber der mag den schilt wol hinyn werffen vnd In von Im stossen.
	From the throw, he thrusts him away from himself and from the thrust he must stoop to hew him in the head and in the back.	[75r] Da hatt er In von Im gestossen vom wurff vnd vom stosz musz er Sich bucken des how Ich In In Kopff vnd In Rucken.
	In this one, I mean to bind and wrench with the shield and sword. Thus this one pushes him away behind himself and draws a cut from him and lets the shield drop and kicks from here and hews him in the neck.	[75v]  Der hat wöllen mit schilt vnd Swert Inbinden vnd Rysen. So hatt der hinder sich geruckt vnd Im vsz sinem Inschlahen gezuckt vnd latt den schilt fallen vnd Tryt herfur vnd howt Im In sinen halsz.
	This one meant to angle the shield over and in. Then one ought to behold the shield and the stab-across ought to be made.	[76r]  Der hatt wöllen den schilt oben hinyn wünden. Den schilt solt Man ynen Sehen vnd der stich geschrenck solt Sin gescheen.
	Here I displace with might and remain standing and have my strong thrust abiding. As this one hammers in his shield and then means to make him defenseless and then to strike the shield from him that is broken to him.	[76v]  Hie hon ich versetzt mit macht vnd bin beliben ston vnd hon mynen starchen stich getan. Als der sinen schilt Ingeschlagen hatt vnd wolt den wörlousz machen vnd den schilt hon von Im geschlagen das ist Im gebrochen.
	Thus this one steps forth and grasps him about the neck and throws him with the shield. As this one strikes him with the shield.	[77r]  So ist der für dretten vnd nempt In by dem halsz vnd wurfft In mit dem Schilt. Als der den schilt In geschlagen halt.
	This is the piece completed, just as it was described before.	[77v] Da Ist das stuck volbracht wie vor geschriben statt.
	This one binds up between the shield and the man and then strikes the "Chop" about his feet and means to wrench. From thence, he comes at me between me and the shield, for which I must suffer.	[78r]  Der hatt In gebunden zwischen den Schilt vnd den man vnd hatt Im den hacken geslagen vmb sinen fusz vnd wyl Ryssen. Darumb er mir ist komen zwüschen mich vnd den schilt Des ich billich engült.
	Thus, from the bind, one may wrench to his leg from below and above.	[78v] Von dem anbinden So mag man vnden vnd oben Ryssen zu baiden syten.
	This is just like the other one, only he just might come over. Again, out of the bind above, or "Bochen", thus each may grasp the other’s shield and wrench it from him if he may.	[79r]  Es ist aim als dem andern vnd oder oben wie er des kamen mag. Aber vsz dem obern anbund oder bochen So mag ain yeder dem anndern griffen In sinen schilt vnd von Im Rysen ob er mag.
	From the step-in and grasp, just as it was described before, neither desires it to go to wrestling.	[79v] Vsz dem Infallen vnd griffen wie vor geschriben statt welicher denn nit wöll lon so mag es wol an ain Ringen gon.
	Regard this correct piece as now this one means to cut and thus he stands firmly and allows the right hand to go from the shield and grasps his elbow and thrusts him away from himself that he turns himself around. Then he strikes the shield and binds it behind him.	[80r]  Nun Merck das stuck recht als Nun der hatt wollen schlahen und bochen So ist er vast gestanden vnd latt die Rechten hand vom Schilt vnd gryfft dem In den Elbogen vnd stosst In von Im das er sich verkertt. Hie hatt er dem den Schilt Ingeslagen vnd hinterbunden.
	As this one thrusts upon the elbow, as it was described before. Thus turn yourself completely around and thrust the shield into him, and then the piece and break are completely at an end.	[80v]  Als der den gestossen by dem Elbogen hatt als vor geschriben statt. So kert sich der gar vmb vnd stoszt den Schilt In den vnd ist stuck vnd bruch volbracht zum end.
	In the charge, thus he steps behind him and breaks him in the high [guard] and he dreads getting thrown. However, that is a strong charge, and from the charge thus binds him behind and gets him in the throw, or he must become defenseless.	[81r]  In dem anlouffen So hat er In hinder Tretten vnd bracht In In die höin vnd fürcht er werd geworffen. Das ist aber ain starcher anlouff vnd, vsz dem anlouff So hatt er In hinderbunden vnd wirt In werffen oder er mus wörlousz werden.
	Here he breaks him to the trap just as it was described before. However, finish him off with the open thrust.	[81v] Hie hatt er In bracht zum fall wie vor geschriben statt. Vnd macht aber ain end mit dem fryen stosz.
	Here they both stand in the inverted bind, about to strike and to threaten each other.	[82r] Hie stand sie bayd zu dem verkerten anbund Inn zuslahen vnd ain annder Nöten.
	Still, thus this one means to give the strong to his weak; closely mark his struggle. In the "Bochen" thus each willingly binds the other loose, so that he comes at him behind the the shield and makes him defenseless.	[82v]  Doch so wyl der geben die schweche In die sterckin och sin arbait daby merckt. In dem bochen so bend yeglicher den andern gern losz vnd das er Im kem hinder den Schilt vnd machte In wörlouss.
	Here he achieves the strong to his weak and may thrust or wrench. This has lost his strength and gets pulled down.	[83r]  Hie hatt er die schwechin volbracht In die sterckin vnd mag stossen oder Rysen. Da hett der die sterckin verlorn vnd wirt nyder geryssen.
	Here the piece is completed to the finish, just as it was described before.	[83v] Hie ist das stuck volbracht wie vor geschriben statt zum end.
	Now allow yourself the plight and go under his weakness and hook him by the foot and wrench. Again, from this bind, another difficulty: thus he has penetrated from above.	[84r]  Nun lant sich der Nöten vnd gatt vnden In die schwech vnd Nempt Im den fusz vnd Ryszt. Aber vsz dem anbinden vnd ainander Nöten So hat er den oben übertrungen.
	This shows them both in the open danger-stance, from out of it one may look for and find all the advantages and charges and disarms and a lot of handsome work that one may make from it, thus one otherwise has no weapon except the shield. I await the ending.	[84v]  Das sind die zwen fryen Notstend dar vsz man suchen mag und finden allen vortail vnd Innlouffen vnd werlousz machen vnd vil hüpscher arbait die man darusz machen mag so man sust dehain wer hatt denn den schilt. Ich wartt des ends.
	I get the strike at his throat. And this one draws the blow to him and thrusts at him above the shield. Here he meant to bind in the "Bochen". Turn the page to find the piece completed.	[85r]  Wurd mir der schlag an sin halsz. Vnd hatt Im der das treffen gezuckt vnd Im oben In den Schilt gestochen. Hie hatt wollen der anbinden vnd bochen. Ker vmb so vindestu das Stuck volbracht.
	Here the piece gets completed, just as it was described before.	[85v] Hie würt das stuck volbracht als vor geschriben Statt.
	This shows the shield fight at an end. God deliver us from all worry.	[86r] Da hatt das schiltfechten ain end. das vnsz gott allen kumer wend.

Dagger

Images from Archetype	Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467)  by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Transcription (1600s)	Munich Transcription (1820)
	Here begins the dagger, God please cherish us all. He will stab down from above. So he goes up from below with parrying and will counter him. He has stabbed From the Roof. He has parried with one hand and has turned the dagger from him.	[86v]  Hie vacht an der Tegen, gott der wöll vnser aller pflegen. Der hatt gestochen von dach. Der hatt versetzt mit ainer hand vnd hatt den Tegen von im gewandt. Der wyl obnen Nyder Stechen. So gatt der vnden vff mit versatzung vnd wyls im Brechen.
	The upper shield for the stab. He stabs freely From the Roof. So he makes the lower shield with a thrust. He stabs below to him.	[87r]  Der ober schilt für den Stich. Der Stich fry von Tach. So macht der den vndern Schilt mit ain stossz. Der Sticht vnden zu dem.
	For the upper stab, so throw up your left arm and grasp his stab on your left arm and make stabs or strikes with your dagger. As I have stabbed, so I am countered. Yet for the upper stab, throw the left arm before and the dagger around his arm and throw him from you. He has completed his stab and not thought of the counter.	[87v]  Für den obern stich so würff din lincken arm vff vnd fach sin Stich vff den lincken arm vnd macht mit dinem Tegen stechen oder slahen. Als Ich hon gestochen, So ist es mir gebrochen. Aber für den obern Stich würff den linken Arm für vnd mit dem Tegen vmb sin arm vnd würff In von dir. Der hatt sin stich volbracht vnd des bruchs nit gedacht.
	As he has stabbed in from above, so he has parried with the right arm and turned the dagger around his arm and stepped therewith before and thrown him from him. As he has stabbed above to him, so has he countered it with the left arm and grabbed him with the dagger between the legs and pulled him up and thrown him from him.	[88r]  Als der oben hinyn hatt gestochen So hatt er mit dem rechten Arm versetzt vnd wint den Tegen umb sinen arm vnd tryt damit für vnd würfft in von Im. Als der ober Inn hat gestochen So hatt der Es mit dem lincken arm gebrochen vnd grifft Im mit dem Tegen zwischen die bain vnd zuckt In vff vnd würfft In von Im.
	There is the escape and the counter to the hold. As he has locked him. So he has locked him with the shears. He has stabbed above to him.	[88v]  Da ist der vszgangen vnd der bruch über das fahenn. Als der In beschlossen hatt. So hatt der In beschlossen mit der schär. Der hatt gestochen oben Inn.
	For the upper stab, a great throw; go up with the right arm and fall with the left arm over his right arm and throw him from you. There the technique and throw are completed.	[89r]  Für den obern stich Ain grosser wurff gang mit dem rechten Arm vff vnd fal mit dem linchen arm vber sinen rechten arm vnd würff In von dir. Da Ist das stuck vnd wurff volbracht.
	Here both technique and counter are completed. As he has stabbed down from above, so has he gone up with the right arm and grasped him with the left hand in his elbow and pressed him away from him; so he turns well around and throws him over his back.	[89v]  Als der obnen Nyder hatt gestochen so ist er vff gangen mit dem rechten arm vnd grifft Im mit dem lincken Hand In sin Elbogen vnd Truckt In von Im so kert sich der gar vmh vnd würfft In über Rucken. Hie ist volbracht stuck vnd bruch zwinach.
	For the upper stab, he has thrown up his right arm, and helped away his stab, and stabbed him. He has stabbed and is countered in the stab. This shall be a grasping to the arm or the neck from the shears.	[90r]  Für den obern stich hatt er sinen rechten Arm vff geworffen vnd sinem Stich hinweg geholffen vnd ersticht In. Der hatt gestochen vnd Ist Im der stich gebrochen. Das sol sin ain vahen vsz der schäre den arm oder den hals.
	Yet for the stab above an arm-break, and grasp his stab on the left arm and grip with the right hand under his arm and pull on you. Yet for the upper stab, grasp his stab on your right arm and step before and strike in your left arm on his neck and throw him over the hip.	[90v]  Aber für den oben stich ain armbruch vnd fas sin stich vff den linchen arm vnd griff mit der Rechten hand vnder sinen Arm vnd zuch an dich. Aber für den obern stich fach sin stich vff din Rechten Arm vnd Tryt für vnd schlah Im din lincken arm an sin halsz vnd würff In vber die huffen.
	Yet for the upper stab, throw the right arm up and grasp his stab thereon and grip with the left hand in his elbow ans press him from you down before you. The counter, turn yourself well around and throw him over the hip.	[91r]  Aber für den obern stich würff den Rechten Arm vff vnd fach sin stich daruff vnd gryff mit der lincken hand In sin Elbogen vnd truck In von dir für sich Nyder. Der bruch ker dich gar vmb vnd würff In über die huffen.
	For the lower stab, so strike in his arm thus with the right fist and thrust your dagger into him. Here one has it as good as the other.	[91v]  Für den vndern stich so schlah mit der rechten funst In sin arm vnd stosz din Tegen In In. Hie hatt einer als gutt als der ander.
	Yet for the lower stab, strike his stab away with your right hand and strike him with the left hand on his neck and with that step before and throw him from you. For the lower stab, grasp his stab in both your hands, and throw his arm onto your left shoulder and break it off.	[92r]  Aber für den vndern stich schlah mit diner rechten hand Sin stich hinweg vnd Slah In mit der lincken hand an sinen hals vnd Tryt mit für vnd würff In von dir. Für den vndern stich fach sin stich In din bayd hend vnd wirf Im Sin arm vff die lincken Achsel vnd brich In ab.
	Here is the arm-break, how it is described before. Yet a free stance with the shield for the upper stab or for the lower.	[92v]  Hie ist der armbruch wie vor geschriben stat. Aber ain fryer stand mit dem schilt für den obern stich oder für den vndern.
	As he has made the shield, So he has turned the upper stab and thrust the dagger with the grip between his arms over the shield and throws him from him. There he brings the same technique.	[93r]  Als der den schilt hat gemacht. So hatt der den obern stich verwent vnd Stotzt den tegen mit dem hefft zwüschen sinen arm über den schilt vnd würft In von Im. Da Verbringt er dasselb Stuck.
	He has grasped him from the shears. He brings him the shears. So he has also caught around the neck with the shears. So he makes the counter and throws him.	[93v]  Der hatt den gefangen vsz der schäre. Der bringt dem die Schäre. So hatt och der den beschlossen mit der schäre vmb den hals. So macht der den Bruch vnd wirf In werffen.
	Here he is going up with the shield for the upper stab. So he has faked the stab and struck up from below and stabbed. He has again made the upper shield. So he has yet again faked the stab and gripped-over both his arms and does throw him.	[94r]  Hie ist er vffgangen mit dem Schilt für den obern stich. So hatt der den stich erlogen vnd slecht vnden vff vnd sticht. Der hatt aber den obern Schilt gemacht. So hat der aber den Stich erlogen vnd vbergryfft Im bayd Arm vnd tut In werffen.
	He has bound him inverted and will grip-over him. He has stabbed in above. Here he has gripped-over him and completed the lock. As he has stabbed.	[94v]  Der hatt den äbich angebunden vnd wyl In übergryffen. Der hatt gestochen Oben hinyn. Hie hatt er In übergryffen vnd den beschlusz volbracht Als der gestochen hatt.
	Here he has parried with the shears and may thrust him away with whichever hand he wants. He has completed his stab. He stands in the free guard. So he holds himself in the uncertain-stab and has his dagger on his back, and may stab with whichever hand he wants.	[95r]  Hie hat er versetzt mit der schär vnd mag In hinweg Stossen mit welicher hand er wyl. Der hatt sin stich volbracht. Der statt in der fryen hutt. So halt sich der Im zwiffelstich vnd hat den Tegen vff dem Rucken vnd mag stechen mit welicher hand er wyl.
	So he has parried with his left arm and has gripped-over him above, and has under-gripped him below his shank and throws him. He has stabbed above him with might and well-drives a free stab. The Master has overseen this, and both are one technique.	[95v]  So hatt der versetzt mit sinem lincken arm vnd hatt In oben übergryffen vnd hatt Im vnder Sinem schenckel vndergryffen vnd wirt In werffen. Der hatt gestochen oben Inn mit macht vnd ain fryen Stich volfürt. Der Maister hatt sich über senhen (?) vnd ist bayde ain stuck.
	As he has over-run me with a free stab down from above. So have I thrown the left arm up and parried, and with my right arm hab I grasped him around his neck and choked him down. Here he has choked him down and made an end.	[96r]  Als der mich überloffen hat mit aim fryen stich oben Nyder. So hab ich den lincken arm vff geworffen vnd versetzt vnd mit mym rechten Arm hab ich In vmb sin hals gefaszt vnd wirg In Nider. Hie hatt er In Nyder gewirckt und macht ain end.
	So he has parried with the left arm, and stabs also From the Roof. As he has stabbed From the Roof.	[96v] So hatt der versetzt mit dem lincken Arm vnd Sticht och von Tach.

Grappling

Images from Archetype	Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467)  by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Transcription (1600s)	Munich Transcription (1820)
	The beginning of wrestling from the arms.	[96v] Der anfall vsz den Armen zu ringen.
	They have peasant-clinched with one arm below and the other above and lie in the striving. In the striving, so he slips his head through his arm and pulls him up.	[97r]  Die habent birlichs gefasst ain Arm vnden den anndern oben vnd ligend In dem streb. In dem Streb So schlefft er sin hopt durch sin Arm vnd zuckt In vff.
	As he has clinched from the arms. So he thrusts with his right elbow on his right arm and with the thrust so he grips him below his right foot and pulls him up and throws him over. He has it not good. He will throw him over the shank.	[97v]  Als der gefaszt hatt vsz den Armen. So stoszt der mit sinem Rechten Elbogen vff sinen Rechten arm vnd mit dem stosz So gryfft er Im vnder sinen rechten fusz vnd zuckt In vff vnd wirfft In über vssz. Der hutt es nit gutt. Der wyl den werffen vber den schenckel.
	Here he will bring him into trapping if he might break the arm. Here he has brought his arm on the shoulder and will break it off.	[98r]  Hie wyl der den bringen In Trapen ob er Im möcht Brechen den Arm. Hie hatt der Im den arm Bracht vff die achsel vnd wöllen Im den abbrechen.
	From the clinch, so he throws him over the shank. Here he has stepped behind and thrust him over the shank.	[98v]  Vsz dem Fasen So würfft er In vber den Schenckel. Hie hatt er In hinder Tretten vnd Stosst In über den schenckel.
	Yet an equal peasant clinch. From the peasant clinch, so he pulls the lower arm and grips him by the head and swings him from him.	[99r]  Aber ain glichs Byrlichs Fasen. Vss dem Byrlichs fasen So zuckt Er den vndern Arm vnd ergryfft In by dem hopt vnd Swenckt In von Im.
	In this clinch so he will go-through. Here he is going-through him and throws him over the back.	[99v]  In dem Fasen So wyl Der durchgon. Hie Ist er Im durchgangen vnd würfft In über den Rücken.
	In the going-through, so is that countered and he chokes him by the neck. Yet a counter over the going through, in the through-going, so pull the foot behind you and grip him by the neck.	[100r]  In dem durchgon So ist das der Bruch vnd wirckt In by dem halsz. Aber ain Bruch vber das durch gon In dem durchgon So zuck den fusz hindersich vnd ergryff In by dem halsz.
	The Hooking before-you. He counters the Hooking with the strike.	[100v]  Das Hechlin Fürsich. Das Hecklin der Bruch mit dem Schlag.
	When one grips on from behind, so wait if you might get his shank and pull him through and right yourself up. Yet so one grasps on from behind, so step with your foot behind yourself between his legs and grip him after the shank.	[101r]  Wen ainer ain ergryfft hinderwertligen So wartt oh dir möcht Sin schenckel werden vnd züch In her durch vnd Richt dich vff. Aber so ainr ain faszt hinderwertz so Tryt mit dinem fusz hinder sich zwüschen Sine bain vnd gryff im nach dem schenckel.
	This is a counter against the lifting from behind, take him by the hair and pull him over the shoulder. This is called a lock, will he then become free, so break his finger or bend yourself and throw him over the back.	[101v]  Das ist ain heben hinderwertz der Bruch darüber Nem In by dem har vnd züch In über die achsel. Das haiszt ain beschulsz wyl er den ledig werden So brich Im die finger oder Buck sich vnd werff In vber Rücken.
	When one grips you and has both arms below and will lift you up, so grip him with both hands in his face and shove him from you so he releases you. He lets himself be grasped and he may not then after be thrown from him, and he throws him.	[102r]  Wen ainr ain ergryfft vnd bayd arm vnden hatt vnd dich vff zucken wyl So gryff Im mit bayden Henden In sin Antlit vnd schüb In von dir so latt er dich. Der latt sich mit wylen Faszen vnd er mag In dennocht nit von Im werffen er würfft In.
	He throws him with the half-hooking and from the half-hip wrestling. Here he has thrown him from the same work.	[102v]  Der wirfft den mit dem halben hecklin vnd vsz dem halben hufft Ringen. Hie hatt er In geworffen vsz derselben Arbaitt.
	An upper hip wrestling. Against the upper-hip wrestling, so he searches for a counter.	[103r]  Ain ober huff Ringen. Vber das oberhuff Ringen so Sucht er ain Bruch.
	In the wrestling, so he has stepped behind him and over the foot. In the striving, so will he strike the foot from him below.	[103v]  In dem Ringen So hatt er Im hinder Tretten vnd In über den Fus. In dem streben so wyl der dem den Fus vnden vsz Slahen.
	In the wrestling he has lifted him up and runs around with him, this is called a Dizzy-wrestling. He has grasped him with both hands by the neck and shakes him, so he thrusts him from him.	[104r]  In dem Ringen hatt er In vffzuckt vnd lofft mit Im vmb das haiszt ain Schwindelringen. Der hatt den gefaszt mit bayden henden by dem halsz vnd erschitt In so stoszt der In von Im.
	An inverted wrestling is but difficult to lift. A wrestling from the dagger with the arm wrench, from him turn.	[104v]  Ain verkert Ringen Ist Aber Swer zu heben. Ain Ringen vsz dem Tegen mit dem arm wirgen von Im kern.
	This is called a Knave wrestling. The counter thereover, fall in with the knee in his groin.	[105r]  Das haiszt ain Buben Ringen. Der bruch darüber Fall Im mit dem knü In sin macht.
	He has caught him and drives him by the arm. Here he lets himself be driven and goes well, and in the going so he pulls him up and throws him behind himself on the back.	[105v]  Der hatt den gefangen vnd fürt In by dem arm. Hie latt er sich fürn vnd gatt gern vnd In den gon so zuckt er In vff vnd würfft in hinder sich an Rucken.
	He has gone through well. So he has pulled him and grips him and presses him down. This is called a shoulder wrestling and come from the neck clinch.	[106r]  Der hatt wöllen durch gon. So hatt er Im zuckt vnd ergryfft In vnd truckt In Nyder. Das haiszt ein Achsel Ringen vnd kumpt von dem halsz fassen.
	From the clinch, so he steps on the shank. When one will distress you in the wrestling and will heave you quickly, so heave with him and in the heaving so give-in weakly and hang him after so he comes into a lock.	[106v]  Vsz dem fassen So Tryt der dem den Schenckel ab. Wen dich ainr Nötten wyl In dem Ringen vnd fast hept So heb mit Im vnd In dem heben So gib dich In die Schwechin vnd heng Im nach so wirt er dir In ain schlossz.
	He has grasped him by the collar and strikes his foot from him below. From the previous work, so he throws him over the lower hip.	[107r]  Der hat den by dem goller gefaszt vnd Schlecht Im vnden den fus vsz. Vsz der vorigen arbait So würfft Er In über die undere huffen.
	An arm turning if he might bring him between the legs. Here he has completed the piece described before.	[107v]  Am arm winden ob er In möcht bringen zwüschen die Bain. Hie hatt er das vor geschryben Stuck volbracht.
	He has brought him in the trap. In the trapping, he pulls him on himself and in the pulling he strikes him on his neck and throws him over the hip.	[108r]  Der hatt den gebracht In den Trappen. In dem trapen zuckt er In an Sich In dem zucken schlecht er In an sinen halsz vnd würfft In über die huffen.
	He counters against the hold. So step with your foot behind yourself between his legs and throw him off over the side. He has grasped him by both arms on the back.	[108v]  Der bruch über das Fassen. So Tryt mit dinem fus hinder sich zwüschen sine bain vnd würff In über die Siten ab. Der hatt den gefasst by bayden Armen vff dem Rucken.
	Yet a hold by the neck. So he grips him in the elbow and steps before and thrusts him over the shank. A stepping-behind and with the left arm in his neck thrust him over the shank.	[109r]  Aber ain Fasen by dem halsz. So gryfft er Im In die Elbogen vnd tryt für vnd stoszt In über den schenckel. Ain hindertretten vnd mit dem lincken Arm In sinen halsz vnd stosz den über den Schenckel.
	There he has him in the hooking correctly. The counter against the hooking. Grip him as he shoots the hooking in and take the upper hip wrestling, so is the hooking broken.	[109v]  Da hatt der den In dem hecklin Recht. Der Bruch über das hecklin. Im gryff als er das hecklin schutzt so nem das ober huff Ringen So ist das hecklin Brochen.
	This is a special counter against the hooking and against the upper hip wrestling. This is also a counter against the hooking or the hip.	[110r]  Das ist ain vszbindiger bruch vber das Hecklin vnd über das ober huff Ringen. Das ist och ain bruch übers hecklin oder huff.
	There he has completed the counter against the hooking. He has run well in the hooking or the upper hip, so turn yourself and make the counter.	[110v]  Da hatt der den bruch volbracht vber das hecklin. Der hatt wollen louffen In das hecklin oder In die obern huff So went sich der vnd macht den bruch.
	From the neck-clinch so he makes a lock. Here he has locked him and throws him over the shank.	[111r]  Vsz dem halszfaszen so macht der ain schlosz. Hie hatt er In beschlossen vnd würfft In über die schenckel.
	Here he has gripped over him and throws him over the lower hip wrestling in a lock. As they have clinched equally, so he thrusts with his elbow in his right arm and shoots-over and falls around his shank and through him.	[111v]  Hie hatt er In über gryffen vnd würfft In über die vnder hufft Ringen In ain schlosz. Als sie glich gefaszt haben So stoszt er mit sinem Elbogen In sinen rechten Arm vnd übersch ützt vnd felt Im vmb sinen schenckel vnd würfft In.
	Here the throw is completed as it will be described hereafter. Yet a counter against the hooking, when the hooking is struck on you, so fall in the hollow of his knee with your knee.	[112r]  Hie ist der wurff vollbracht wie hernach geschriben stat. Aber ein Bruch über das hecklin wen es dir das hecklin schlecht So fal Im In die kniekellen mit dem knü.

Messer

Images from Archetype	Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467)  by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Transcription (1600s)	Munich Transcription (1820)
	Here begins the Messer. God please do not forget us. He will hew from the roof. So he will he displace the hew with might.	[113r]  Hie Facht an das Messer. Gott Wöll unnser nit Vergessen. Der wyl howen von Tach. So wyl der Im den how versetzen mit macht.
	He has his hew completed. He has displaced the blow and will over-grip him.	[113v]  Der hat sin how volbracht. Der hatt den schlag versetzt vnd wyl In übergryffen.
	Here has he over-gripped him and hewed him through the head and the before described piece has an end.	[114r] Hie hatt er In übergryffen vnd howt In durch den kopff vnd hat das vor geschriben Stuck ain end.
	He hews freely from the roof. He has displaced with turned hand and will step before and wrench.	[114v]  Der howt Fry von dach. Der hatt versetzt mit gewenter hand vnd wyl für tretten vnd Ryssen.
	Here has he before stepped and wrenched with the messer. The thrust to the elbow shall one not forget.	[115r] Hie hatt er für getretten vnd Ryszt mit dem messer. des stosz zu der Elbogen sol man nit vergessen.
	He had run-in in wrath and had wished to hew him through the head. So has he displaced below up with might, and in his drawing-up has he his hand off-hewn.	[115v]  Der hatt den angeloffen In Zorn vnd hatt In wöllen howen durch den kopff. So hatt der versetzt vnden vff mit macht vnd In sinem vffziehen hat er Im sin hand abgehowen.
	Here steps he before and strikes him well down to death.	[116r] Hie Tryt er für vnd Slecht In gar Nider zu tod.
	So has he displaced and has him over-gripped with the arm, and thrusts the messer in him. He has hewn from the roof on the man.	[116v]  So hatt der Im versetzt vnd hatt In übergryffen mit dem Arm vnd stoszt messer In In. Der hatt gehowen von Tach vff den man.

Sword and Buckler

Images from Archetype	Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467)  by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Transcription (1600s)	Munich Transcription (1820)
	These are the two free stances with the buckler and with the messer.	[117r] Das sind die Zwen fryen Stend mit dem buckeller vnd mit dem Messer.
	Here has he displaced with the buckler and messer. The over-gripping shall he not forget. He has hewn then in his displacement.	[117v]  Hie hatt der versetzt mit dem Buckeller vnd messer. des übergryffens sol er nit vergessen. Der hatt gehowen dem In sin versatzung.
	As he has on me hewn, so have I displaced him, and from the displacement over-gripped and hewn him through the head.	[118r] Als der vff mich hatt gehowen So hab ich Im versetzt vnd vsz der versatzung übergryffen vnd how Im durch den kopff.
	There has he displaced him and thrust him from him and wrenched with the messer.	[118v] Da hatt der Im versetzt vnd Stoszt In von Im vnd Ryszt mit dem messer.
	As he has thrust him from him, so he well-ends the piece and thrusts the sword through him.	[119r] Als er In von Im gestossen hatt So volendet er das stuck vnd Stoszt das schwert durch In.
	Yet he hews from the roof. Here has he displaced freely and runs him thereby in.	[119v]  Aber howt der von Tach. Hie hatt der versetzt fry vnd loufft Im daby Inn.
	Here is he in-run and has the sword through him stabbed.	[120r] Hie Ist Im der Ingeloffen vnd hat das Swert durch In gestochen.
	He stands for the stab. He will stab him.	[120v]  Der statt für den Stich. Der Wyl In stechen.
	As he has stabbed, so he hews him in his arm. The upper hew is also good for the stab.	[121r] Als der gestochen hatt So hott Im der In Sinen Arm der ober how ist och gutt für den stich.
	This is the necessary-stance when two are against one. Here will I on him hew. There he displaces with turned hand and becomes himself turned and hews to the behind. Here will he also hew. There he displaces with the dagger and buckler.	[121v]  Das Ist der Notstand wen zwen über nin Sind. Hie wyl ich vff In howen. Da versetzt der mit Eppicher hand vnd wirt sich wenden vnd howen zu dem hindn. Hie wyl der och howen. Da versetzt er mit dem tegen vnd buckeller.
	In turning so he hews him through the head, so he falls on behind, so he locks him also.	[122r] Im wenden so howt er In durch den kopff So fellten der hinder an So beschlüszt er In och.

Duel Between a Man and a Woman

Images from Archetype	Complete Translation by Mark Rector	Archetype (1467)  by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Transcription (1600s)	Munich Transcription (1820)	Göttingen Transcription (1600s)	Wolfenbüttel Transcription (late 1600s)	Coburg Transcription (1700s)
	The beginning stance in which the man and wife shall fight each other. The woman is in the open stance and means to strike and has a stone in the veil weighing four or five pounds. Thus, he stands in the pit up to the waist and his club is as long as her veil is from her hand.	[122v]  Da Statt Wie Man vnd Frowen mit ainander kempffen sollen vnd stand hie In dem anfanng. Da statt die frow fry vnd wyl schlahen vnd hatt ain stain In dem Sleer wigt vier oder finf pfund. So statt er In der gruben bis an die waichin vnd ist der kolb als lang als Ir der Schleer von der hand.
	Here they have completed a stroke. Now he has displaced the stroke and trapped it and will pull her to him and cause her distress.	[123r]  Hie hatt Sie ain schlag volbracht. Nun hat er den schlag versetzt vnd gefangen vnd wyl Sie zu Im ziehen vnd nötten.
	This shows him pulling her to him and throwing her under himself and he means to throttle her.	[123v] Da hatt er sie zu Im gezogen vnd vnder sich geworffen vnd wyl sie würgen.
	This shows her breaking herself from him and standing under him to choke him.	[124r] Da hatt sie sich vsz Im gebrochen vnd vnderstatt Sie In zu wirgen.
	Here she breaks him on the back and means to choke him and pull him from the pit.	[124v] Hie hatt sie In gebracht an den Rucken vnd wyl In wirgen vnd ziehen vsz der grub.
	This shows him drawing her to him and throwing her into the pit.	[125r] Da hatt er sie zu Im gezuckt vnd würfft sie In die gruben.
	As she means to stike, thus she strides towards him, that he grasps her by the thigh and throws her to the ground.	[125v] Als sie schlahen wyl So ist sie Im zu nach Tretten das er sie ergryfft by dem schenckel vnd wirt sie fellen.
	Thus he strikes her toward the breast. She strikes the veil around his throat and means to choke him.	[126r]  So schlecht er sie Für die brust. Da hatt sie Im den schlöer vmb den hals geschlagen vnd wyl In würgen.
	She has him in a hold by the throat and by his equipment and means to pull him from the pit.	[126v] Da hatt sie In gefaszt by dem halsz vnd by sinem zug vnd wyl In vsz der gruben ziehen.

Mounted Fencing

Images from Archetype	Complete Translation by Mark Rector	Archetype (1467)  by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Transcription (1600s)	Munich Transcription (1820)
	From the "Rash Cut", thus this one means to displace with the stab. This one springs at him and means to "Rash Cut" him.	[127r]  Vsz dem über Illen So wyl der versetzen mit dem Stich. Der Sprengt In an vnd wyl In über Illen.
	Thus, this one displaces with a wild and an inverted hand. As this one cuts.	[127v]  So hatt der versetzt mit epicher hand vnd wüst für (?). Als der gehowen hatt.
	Here the piece is completed and he cuts him in the thigh.	[128r] Hie ist das stuck volbracht vnd hatt In gehowen In den schenckel.
	In the onrush, thus this one traps his cut and twists his sword in his face. This one has cut.	[128v]  In dem anrenen So facht der sinen how vnd wint Im Sin Swert In Sin antlit. Der hat gehowen.
	Here he displaces the blow and attacks him and wrenches the sword from him.	[129r] Hie hat er den schlag versetzt vnd über felt Im vnd ryszt das Swert von Im.
	The sword captured in the high guard.	[129v] Das schwert Nemen vnderougen.
	The sword captured in the rearwards guard.	[130r] Das Swert Nemen hinderwertz.
	As this one cuts. This one displaces with an inverted hand and attacks him about the neck.	[130v]  Als der halt gehowen. So hatt der Epich versetzt vnd Ist Im überfalen vmb den halsz.
	Here this one displaces openly and then means to attack. This one cuts from above.	[131r]  Hie versetzt der Fry vnd wyl den überfalen. Der hat gehowen vom Tach.
	Here he cuts him down and completes the fore-described piece.	[131v] Hie ist er Im Ingefallen vnd das vorgeschriben Stuck volbracht.
	Wrestling on horseback. Here this one locks him up and grapples the "Underougen."	[132r]  Das Ringen zu Rossz. Hie hatt der In beschlossen vnd vber gryffen vnderougen.
	In this break against the fore-described lock, he draws his grapple and … him by the throat.	[132v] Der bruch vber Das vorgeschriben Schlosz hatt Im gezuckt Sin übergriffen vnd In by dem halsz.
	Throwing the horse and the man.	[133r] Da würfft der Rossz vnd Man.
	The grapple and the lockhold behind himself. This one grapples him backwards.	[133v]  Das übergryffen vnd der beschlusz hinder sich. Der hatt den hinderwertz ergryffen.
	This one defends against the lance with the sword.	[134r] Der Entwert dem den Spiesz mit dem Schwertt.
	Here the piece is completed, as it was described before.	[134v] Hie Ist das stuck volbracht als vorgeschriben statt.

Mounted Archery

Images from Archetype	Complete Translation by Mark Rector	Archetype (1467)  by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Transcription (1600s)	Munich Transcription (1820)
	The pursuer. Just so should one behave in the flight with the crossbow.	[135r]  Die Illenden. Wie sich ainer halten sol In der flucht mit dem armprost.
	This one then means to run beneath the horse. Here this one discharges, and then thrusts the lance at him, with the crossbow away, and grasps him about the throat.	[135v]  Der wyl den vnder das pfert Renen. Hie hatt der den geschossen vnd stoszt Im den Spiesz mit dem Armbrost hinweg vnd würt In ergryffen by dem halsz.
	Here this one means to receive the one on the right with the lance. Just so should one with the lance behave against one with a crossbow.	[136r]  Hie wyl der den Recht empfahen mit dem Spiesz. Wie sich ainer halten sol mit dem Spiesz gegen ainem mit ainem Armbrost.
	This book is bestowed and admittedly drawn by Hans Talhoffer. Here the fore-described piece with the crossbow and lance is completed and he grasps him about the throat.	[136v]  Hie ist das vor geschriben Stuck mit dem Armbrost vnd Spiesz volbracht vnd hatt In ergryffen by dem halsz. [Banner:] Das buch hatt angeben hans talhoffer vnd gestanden zu Mallen.

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work	Author(s)	Source	License
Images	Bayerische Staatsbibliothek	Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
Translation (Archetype)	Cory Winslow	Wiktenauer
Translation (Archetype)	Mark Rector	Schielhau.org
Archetype	Gustav Hergsell	Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)
Kassel Transcription		Index:Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)
Munich Transcription		Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)
Göttingen Transcription		Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Cod.MS.Philos.61)
Wolfenbüttel Transcription	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)
Coburg Transcription	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)

Additional Resources

• Hergsell, Gustav, and Talhoffer, Hans. Livre d'escrime de Talhoffer de l'an 1467. Prague: Chez L'Auteur, 1894.
• Hergsell, Gustav, and Talhoffer, Hans. Talhoffers Fechtbuch aus dem jahre 1467: Gerichtliche und andere zweikämpfe darstellend. Prague: J.G. Calve, 1887.
• Rector, Mark, and Talhoffer, Hans. Medieval Combat: A Fifteenth-Century Illustrated Manual of Swordfighting and Close-Quarter Combat. Greenhill Books, 2000. ISBN 978-1853674181