Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)

Paulus Kal Fechtbuch
MS KK5126, Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna, Austria
Folia 8v - 9r
Hagedorn Leng 38.5.4
Wierschin 37 Hils 48
Type	Fencing manual Wrestling manual
Date	ca. 1480s
Language(s)	Early New High German
Author(s)	Martin Huntsfeld Paulus Kal Johannes Liechtenauer Andre Lignitzer Ott Jud
Compiler	Unknown
Illustrator(s)	Unknown
Material	Paper, in a wood and leather binding
Size	129 folia (410 mm x 285 mm)
Format	Double-sided; one illustration per side (ff 1r-100r), unillustrated (ff 104v-129r)
Exemplar(s)	Cgm 1507 (ca. 1470)
Treatise scans	Digital scans (thumbs)

Allerley Kampf zur Roß und Fueß in und an Harnisch ("All Manner of Combat on Horse and on Foot, Both Armored and Unarmored", MS KK5126) is a German fencing manual probably created in the 1480s.^{[citation needed]} The original currently rests in the holdings of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, Austria. Though Paulus Kal was in the service of Archduke Sigismund of Austria at the time that this manuscript was likely created, it bears the same dedication to Ludwig IV "the Rich" of Wittelsbach (1417-1479), Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, as the other two contemporary manuscripts (perhaps providing evidence that this is an unaltered copy commissioned by someone other than Kal).

Kal's writings (exemplified in the Cgm 1507 consist of a redaction of some of the teachings of Johannes Liechtenauer on mounted fencing, armored fencing, and unarmored fencing, as well as Kal's own teachings on a variety of other weapons. It differs from the works of other followers of Liechtenauer in that instead of offering extensive glosses of the high master's verse, Kal relies on detailed illustrations. Unlike the earlier manuscripts containing Kal's works, this is a much larger compilation incorporating material from several other masters within the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer. At the same time, the text of Kal's own work is omitted (apart from the preface) and the art is somewhat inferior to that of the Cgm 1507.

Contents

1r - 8v	Blank pages
9r - 10r	Introductory material by Paulus Kal
10v - 23r	Mounted fencing illustrations by Paulus Kal
23v - 40v	Short sword fencing illustrations by Paulus Kal
41v - 46v	Armored poleaxe illustrations by Paulus Kal
47v - 52v	Longshield illustrations by Paulus Kal
53v - 55v	Duel between a man and a woman by Paulus Kal
56v - 61r	Sword and buckler illustrations by Paulus Kal
62r - 75v	Long sword illustrations by Paulus Kal
76v - 79v	Messer illustrations by Paulus Kal
80v - 85r	Dagger illustrations by Paulus Kal
86r - 100r	Grappling illustrations by Paulus Kal
104v - 106r	Recital by Johannes Liechtenauer
106r - 114r	Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword fencing by Nicolaüs
114r - 117v	Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing by Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
117v - 122v	Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing by Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
122v - 124v	Grappling by Ott Jud
124v - 125v	Short sword fencing by Martin Huntsfeld
125v - 126r	Armored grappling by Martin Huntsfeld
126r - 127r	Mounted fencing by Martin Huntsfeld
127r	Anonymous poleaxe teachings Draft Translation by Harrison Ridgeway Transcription  by Dierk Hagedorn Note now when you use the pollaxe to fence, learn high and low binding-on as with the staff. [127r] Item also schik dich mit der streyt agkst zu vechten Lern obenn vnd vndenn anpindenn als mit der stanngenn Next you come to the first play If he holds his hammer above him, then hold your thumb underneath by the left leg across the body. If he strikes from above, then parry with the lower part of the axe held above, or let fly at him with a sweep and hook the axe inside the right knee to pull him down. Item in das erst stuck schick dich also helt er denn hamer vbersich so halt dw denn deinen vnter sich bey deinem tennckenn pain twerchs ann den leyb slecht er vonn dach so versecz mit dem vndern tail der agst oben oder laß fur gen den Straich vnnd hennckel In mit der agst in der rechtenn chnypüg vnnd zuck in nyder Next he wants to perform the above play on you and hook you. When he lays the hook on you, strike with your axe from inside against his axe, lay with it against his leg and pull upwards with it as mentioned. Item wil er dir das ober stuck thun vnd wil dich henngeln legt er dir denn hackenn an so slach mit deiner achst inen an sein achst vnnd leg inen wider ann sein pain vnd ruck als obenn geschribenn stet Next if he counters the play above, then come in with the axe and wind in upwards. Wrench at his neck from above and set him back over your left leg on the right, or over the right leg to the left, and throw him. The play works from both sides. Item ob er das obgeschribenn stuck pricht so secz im an mit der agst vnd wind im auf vnd nym das ober reyssenn bey dem hals vnd secz im das tennck pain hinder an das recht oder das recht pain das gelinck vnd wurff in vber // das stuck get zw baidenn seytenn Next, he binds on to you and both hammers stand upright. If he makes a peasant strike at you, sense and act as if you will parry, but let his strike go through forward so you can hook him by the nape, or strike him freely to the head, the shoulder or the arm. Item pint er dir ann das paid hamer obenn stennd vnd slecht peẅrleins so enpfind vnd thue als wild dw verseczenn vnd lass sein chlag [!] fur genn so hastu das hennckeln pey dem nackenn oder frey sleg zw dem chopf zw der achsel zw dem arm Next if he strikes at the same time as you and wants to pull your leading hand free, then give way and take his (hand) from him. If he sets his axe on to you, then set yours also onto him, and lengthen your your axe. Then pull the left leg backward and place your axe on your right side, thus you have over-extended him. Item slecht er mit ein zw gleich ein slag vnd wil dir dy Voder hant ledigmachenn so gib nach vnd nym im die sein als er dir mit der agkst secz er dir dar inen an wie er dir anseczt also secz im auch ann vnd lenng dein agkst also zuck das tennck pain hindersich vnd secz dein agkst an dein rechte seytenn so hast dw in vberlenngt Next, then lay the axe across the body with the hammer underneath and act as though you want to parry with the upper point, but seek to wrench him from below, if he then strikes wide, seek the opening inside the hand or under the armpit and set upon him. Itm schick dein agkst twerchs nach dem leyb das der ha / mer vnttersich sey vnd thue als wild dw mit dem obernn ort verseczenn wild vnd suech den vnttern rist slecht er aber weyt ein her so suech dy ploss in der hand oder vnder dem vechsen vnd secz im an Next if you are performing the previous play and parry with the upper point, then guide all his strikes to the side, and the play goes like Hildebrand’s Cut in the long sword, however it works with the axe as well as with other weapons. Item schick dich als in dem oben geschriben stuck vnd versecz mit dem obernn ort so hilft er dir an der ain seytenn zw allen slegen vnd die stuck genn als hilprantz haw in dem langenn swert in allen pfinden vnd Indes get in der agkst als wol als in anndern wern
127r - 127v	Anonymous longshield teachings Complete Translation by Christian Henry Tobler Transcription  by Dierk Hagedorn Item, do thus with the long shield: learn to deliver the Oberhau and Unterhau and learn to bind well below and above, and in the techniques described hereafter you will learn the side wrenching. Item also schick dich in dem lanngen schilt Lern im anfang den oberen vnd denn vntern haw vnd vntten vnd oben wol lernst an pintn vnd in denn her nach geschribenn stuckenn wirstu lernnen die seytenn reysenn Item, do thus the first technique behind the shield if you have a sword or mace: if you have a sword strike whatever opening you see; or cast [the mace] and call your marshal to give you another mace. Item das erst stuck schick dich hinder den schilt also dastu ein swert oder kolbem hast dw ein swert wo dw in plossenn sichst so slach oder würf da hin vnd Hays dir deinen grieswartl ein anndern cholbenn gebn Item, do this with the shield and with mace near to him and shoot with the point of the mace to his shield’s barb [?] so that he must expose himself; immediately strike or thrust. [I]tem schick dich mit dem schilt vnd mit dem cholben nachet zw im vnd sch // eub mit dem ort vom cholben auf sein parcz schilcz so magstu in plos Indes slach oder stich Item, do this nearer to him and step with a foot on a point of his shield so that he is completely exposed, then strike to lame the wrist. Item schick dich mer nachet zw im vnd drit mit ainem fues an ein ortt seins schilcz also wirt er ganncz plos so slach nach dem lem zw denn glidernn Item, if you have used all of your maces, and stand freely with the shield and he also stands freely with his shield, see if you can go under his shield by the point and wrench it toward you, then take it and quickly cast it from you and work with your shield. Item ob dw die cholben al vernuczest vnd dw frey mit dem schilt stuenst vnd er auch frey mit dem seinen stet so besich ob dw im sein schilt Vnder gen möchst bey dem ort vnd reys vrbering an dich so nymbstu ymen wurff von dir pald vnd arbait mit deinen schilt Item, if you have no mace and he has none then wind against him and note, as you thrust, the feeling; this is called ‘finding’ or ‘weak and strong’. Item hastu chain cholben vnd er chain so wint mit im auf vnd merck auf die stoß im füllenn das man haist den pfindenn oder swech vnd sterck Item, if you have come from the mace and shield, then remember the “murder grips”: with the bottom of the feet pressing to the shin and stepping on the knee, grasping the genitals, the wrestling at the hip, the punch to the heart, the arm break, to the neck and the nose, to the eyes, under the ears, or the Sun Pointer. [127v] Item ob dw chumbst von cholbenn vnd von schilt so merck auf dy mort griff bey denn füessenn vntenn das drucken auf die schinpain treten auf die chnye griff zw denn hodenn die hüff ringen die stöß zw dem herczen die armpruch zw dem hals vnd den [n]aslechern zw den augen hinder dj ornn oder das Sunen Zaigenn
127v	Sword and buckler by Andre Lignitzer
127v - 128r	Dagger by Andre Lignitzer
128v - 129r	Anonymous instructions on judicial combat Draft Translation by Jens P. Kleinau Transcription  by Dierk Hagedorn First he should inquire before the assembly about all things and rights which a fighter should have according to the law, may it be an advisor, a listener and a grid-wardner, and what a fighter should have (possess or be equipped with) [128v] Tout [?] zw dem erstn sol im sein fursprech wandel dingenn vnd alle recht die ein chempfer von rechcz wegenn habenn sol es sey warner lüsner grieswartl vnd was ein chempfer habenn sol When his advisor is named, he should ask how he should advise, so that he does it lawfully and not unlawfully. Item wenn er sein warn benennt so sol er fragenn wie er warnenn sol das er recht thu vnnd nicht vnrecht He should also ask if he and the advisor may go to the fighter while he is seated at his rest-place and speak to him (negotiate) about their claims. Item er sol auch fragenn ob er vnd der warner wol zw dem chempfer gen müge dy weyl er an seiner rue siczt vnnd mit in ir notturfft redenn He should then ask wether he won or lost victory, if he and his advisor may go to him and talk about their claims, when he his back again at his rest-place in the circle. Item er sol aber fragenn ob er ein sig gewinne oder verlornn ob er vnnd sein warner wol zw im gen mügen vnd ir noturfft wol mit ym redenn also so er wider An sein rue chumbt ym chrais When the grid-warden or the listener is named, then he should ask how he should loose so that he does it lawfully and not unlawfully Item wenn er denn grieswertel oder lusner genannt so sol er in fragenn wie er Lüsen Sol das er recht thue vnnd nicht vnrecht He should also ask how he should handle the staff so that he does it lawfully Item er sol auch fragenn wie er mit der stängenn thun sol das er recht thue He should also ask, if one requires the staff, how he should push down the staff, so that he does it lawfully and not unlawfully Item er sol auch fragenn ob ir ainer der stangenn begert wie er die vntterstossenn sol das er recht thue vnnd nicht vnrecht He should also ask what the grid-warden or the listener should listen or see and how they should bring it forward, so that they do it lawfully and not unlawfully. Item er sol auch fragenn was die grieswertel oder lusner hornn oder sehenn wie sy das furbringen das sy recht thunn vnnd nicht vnrecht He should also ask, if that, what the grid-warden say unanimously, when they had seen or listen something, will rightfully stay that way. Item er sol auch fragenn Was die grieswärtl ein müetiglich sagenn als die das gesehenn oder gehort habenn ob es icht billichenn do bey beleyb He should also ask, if the grid-warden, are not related to each other, that they do not reject together, what the judges had seen or listened, such that it not stays rightfully, what should stay, and should be said by them too. Item er sol auch fragenn ob die griswertel mit ein ander nicht stössig sein vnd nit vber ains mochten wern zw sagenn was dann dy vrtailer gesehenn oder gehort hiettenn ob es nit billichenn do peleybe das weybe leyb vnd das die auch dar vmb sagenn süllenn He should also ask, may it be the grid-warden or the judge, that they should say, that they process the law, that one can find [in a book]. Er sol auch fragenn es sey grieswertl oder vrtailer wie sy darvmben sagenn sullenn das sy recht thunn das man das ausfunndig mach He should also then ask which fighter shall be the first to strike, if he has the right to choose and to have the advantage to be the first to enter the circle to sit with his chair where he wants. Es sol auch denn chempfer fragen wellicher ein anchlager sey ob er icht billichen die wal vnnd die vorfart hab zu dem chrais zw siczenn mit seinem stull wo er wil He should also ask how many maces he should have and what he shall have for the combat. Er so auch denn chempfer fragenn wie manigen cholben er habenn sul vnd was er habenn sol zw dem champf He should also ask what the regulation is, when he loses a mace outside of the circle. Er sol auch fragenn ob er ein cholbenn verwürff der aus dem chrais chemb was recht werr He should ask too, if he loses a mace, which remains inside of the circle, if he will have the right to get it back, if he requires it. Er sol auch fragenn ob er ein cholbenn verwürff der im chrais belib ob im der nicht billichenn zw staten wider chem ob er sein begert He should ask if his grid-warden is allowed to have a mace on him or is allowed to request one, that he may bring to him, so that he does it with Right and not unlawfully. Item er sol fragenn ob sein grieswärtl ycht billichenn ein cholbenn bey im habenn sull oder eins begert das er im denn mocht zw pringenn das das [!] er Recht dar ann tat vnnd nicht vnnrecht He should ask what can go outside the circle, may it be a hand, a body, a foot, a shield, or a mace, what is the regulation on this. Er sol fragn was aus dem chrais chem es wer an Hennden am leyb an ann [!] fuessenn am schilt ann cholbenn Was darvmb Recht sey He should ask how many staffs, he is allowed to request for, and after how many he would lose the victory. Er sol fragenn wie manige stanngenn er begerenn sul vnd wie offt er den // /// Sig domit verlorn hab He should ask, if they should not be rightfully proved, such that they are not of the same size or his is uncorrectly. [129r] Er sol fragenn ob man sy nicht billichen beschauenn sul ob sy nichtz vngleichs oder vnpillichs bey in hettenn He should also ask if one should not be allowed to check the shield and other things if they are correct. Er sol auch fragen ob man die schilt vnnd anndern Zeug nicht billichenn beschauen // // sull // He should ask how often he may have his rest and how long. Er sol fragn wie offt er sein zue habm sull vnnd wie lanng He should ask how he should stand up in the combat. Er sol fragenn wie er auf stenn sull zw dem champf He should request that the all the formerly as given law declared and approved paragraphs and articles were written in(to) the book. Er sol fragenn ob icht pillichenn beleyb panalenn puntten vnd artikelen als die vor mit recht ertaylt sein wordenn vnd in dem puech geschribenn stenn He should ask, if someone steps back from the fight, how he will be judged and by whom. Er sol fragen welcher des chambs der nyderlig wie man zw dem selbm richten sol er sol fragenn wer richtenn sull He should ask, if someone disturbs or makes noise, by words or any other means, what the law says on this, and if it is not rightfully forbidden, and how it is forbidden. Er sol fragn ob yemand steurt oder lermmit mit wortten oder mit werckenn was darvmb recht sey vnnd ob man das icht billichenn verpiett vnd wie man das verpietenn sull If a crowd gathers behind the circle, what are the precautions, that this will not bring any problems to the fighter Ob auf lauff hinder dem ring geschehe ob das denn chempfernn kain schadn pringen // / sold /

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Additional Resources

• Jaquet, Daniel; Walczak, Bartłomiej. "Liegnitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew? The question of authorship of popular Medieval fighting teachings". Acta Periodica Duellatorum 2(1): 105-148. 2014. doi:10.1515/apd-2015-0015.
• Tobler, Christian Henry. In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-9825911-1-6
• Tobler, Christian Henry. In Service of the Duke: The 15th Century Fighting Treatise of Paulus Kal. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2006. ISBN 978-1-891448-25-0

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work	Author(s)	Source	License
Images	Kunsthistorisches Museum
Translation	Christian Henry Tobler	Freelance Academy Press
Transcription	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)