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Philippo di Vadi
Philippo di Vadi Pisano | |
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Born | 1425 Pisa, Italy |
Died | 1501 Urbino, Italy (?) |
Occupation | Fencing master |
Nationality | Pisa, Italy |
Ethnicity | Ligurian |
Citizenship | Pisan |
Patron | Guidobaldo da Montefeltro |
Influences | Fiore de'i Liberi |
Genres | Fencing manual |
Language | |
Notable work(s) | De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi |
Manuscript(s) |
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First printed english edition |
Porzio and Mele, 2002 |
Concordance by | Michael Chidester |
Translations | Alternate English translation |
Philippo di Vadi Pisano was a 15th century Italian fencing master. His name signifies that he was born in Pisa, a city in northern Italy, but little else can be said with certainty about the life of this master. It may be that he was the same Philippo Vadi who was governor of Reggio under the marquisette of Leonello d’Este and later, from 1452 to 1470, counselor to Borso d’Este, Duke of Ferrara.[1] Some time after this, Vadi composed a treatise on fencing entitled De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi ("On the Art of Swordsmanship"); it was dedicated to Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino,[2] and gifted to him between 1482 and 1487,[3] but while this may indicate that he served the duke after leaving Ferrara, there is no record of a Master Vadi being attached to the ducal court.
Vadi was probably an initiate of the tradition of Fiore de’i Liberi, as both his teachings and the format of his treatise closely resemble those of the earlier master. As both Leonello and Borso were sons of Niccolò III d’Este, owner of two copies of Fiore's treatise Fior di Battaglia, Vadi would have had ample opportunity to study his writings.
Contents
Treatise
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To my most illustrious Prince Guido di Montefeltro Duke of Urbino |
[1r.1] Ad illustrissimus Principem meum Guidum Feretranum Ducem Urbinatem | |
This little book I dedicate to you, most honourable prince Guido, |
[1r.2] Hunc tibi do princeps dignissime guide libellum | |
Philippo Vadi offers this book on the Art of fencing in earnest[5] to the illustrious Prince Guido di Montefeltro Duke of Urbino. |
[1r.3] Philippi Vadi servi Liber de Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi, ad illustrissimus Principem Guidum Feretranum Ducem Urbini. | |
[6]Just as my earnest mind, devoid of all cowardice and spurred by an outpouring of natural desire in my earliest thriving years, moved me towards warlike deeds and matters; so did it move me, as time progressed and as I grew in strength and knowledge, to learn more of those warlike deeds, matters, styles and skills through hard work, such as how to play with the sword, lance, dagger and pollax. |
[1r.4] HAvendomi mosso per appetito naturale quale producea fuori el mio franco animo alieno da ogni viltade nelli mei primi e floridi anni ad acti e cose bellicose: cussì per processo di tempo cre- [1v.1] sendo in forze et in sapere mi mosse per industria ad volere inparare più arte e modi de ingiegno de dicti acti et cose bellicose, come è giuchare di spada de lanza di daga e azza. | |
Of these things, through the guidance of almighty God, I acquired a good deal of knowledge and this through the practical experience and instruction of many teachers from various different countries, all masters and utterly proficient and knowledgeable in this art. |
[1v.2] De le qual cose medi ante lo aduito de summo idio ne ò acquistato assai bona notitia e questo per pratica experientia e doctrina de molti maestri de varii e diversi paesi amaestrati e docti in perfectione in tale arte. | |
And not to diminish but instead to increase this doctrine so that it will not perish from my negligence, because from it comes no small help in battles, wars, riots and other warlike tumults: instead it gives all men trained and instructed in this material immediate and unique help: it has been suggested and required that I compile a booklet concerning these things by people I have surpassed in the art, and am more long winded than: adding to this various figures and placing various examples so that any man versed in this material can use if for assaults at arms, and can defend himself intelligently and be advised of all the types and styles. |
[1v.3] Et per non minuire anzi volendo acrescere tal doctrina acioché per mia negligentia epsa non perisca per che da epsa non procede pocho alturio ne’ bataglie, guerre, rixe e altri tumulti bellicosi: Immo dona agli omini instruti e periti in tale materia uno prestantissimo e singulare sussidio. Ho proposto e statuido nella mente mia de compillare uno libretto concernente cosse le qualle sono più oltra e più prolixe de tale arte: depingendo in quello varie figure e ponendoli exempli diversi, per li quali qualunqua homo instructo in tal materia, possa usare ne l so asaltare e nel so diffendere, astucie, calidità e avisi di più ragione e manere. | |
Therefore, anyone with a generous spirit will see this little work of mine as a jewel and a treasure and will keep it in memory deep within their heart, so that this art and discipline should never fall into the hands of peasants and low-born men. |
[1v.4] Adunque ciascuno di generoso animo vederà questa mia op ereta, ammi epsa sì come uno gioiello e texauro e recordansello ne lo inti mo core, a ciò che mai, per modo alcuno, tale industria arte e dotrina non perve- [2r.1] nga a le mane de homini rusticali e di vile condizione. | |
Because Heaven has not made these rough-hewn men, ignorant and beyond all cleverness and diligence and wholly bereft of bodily agility, but instead they were made like animals without reason, just to carry heavy burdens and do base and rustic work; and because I declare them to be in every way alien to this science; everyone of perspicacious intelligence and lively limbs such as courtiers [l.10], scholars, barons, princes, dukes and kings, should on the contrary be welcomed into this noble science according to the principle of the Instituta which states: not only should the Imperial Majesty be honoured with Arms, but it must also be armed with sacred laws. |
[2r.2] Perché el cielo non à generato tali homini indocti, rozi et fuori de ogni ingiegno et industria et omnino alieni da la agilità del corpo, ma più tosto sono stati generati a similitudine de animali inragionevoli a portare carichi et fare opere vile e rusticale. E perché debitamente io vi dico loro essere per ogni modo alieni da tal scientia e per l’opposito al mio parere, ciascuno di perspicace ingegno e ligiadro de le membra sue, come sono cortegiani, scolari, baroni, principi, Duchi et Re, debeno essere invitati a questa nobile scientia, secondo el principio de la “Instituta” quale parla e dice così: el non bixogna solo la maestà inperiale essere honorata di arme ma ancora è necesario epsa sia armata de le sacre legge. | |
Nobody should think that there is anything false or any kind of error in my book, because I have omitted and carved out anything unsure, and included only things that I have seen and tested. Let us begin then to explain our intention, with the aid and grace of the omnipotent God, blessed be His name. |
[2r.3] Né sia alcuno quale creda che in questo mio volume sia posta cosa falsa o invelupata de alcuno errore, perché tollendo e rescecando via le cosse dubiose, solo li metterò cose vedute e provate da me: comenzando ad unque ad exprimere la intentione nostra, con l’adiuto e grazia de lo omnipotente dio del qualle el nome sia benedetto in eterno. | |
Some animals, lacking reason, ply their skills naturally without any knowledge. Man, instead, naturally lacks skills and his body lacks weapons. Nature compensates for this deficiency of weapons by giving man his hands, and for his lack of natural skills by offering him the virtues of intelligence and thought. Even if a man were born with some level of skill, he would not be able to acquire the remainder naturally, that is, learn to use all weapons and know each skill. He was therefore not endowed by nature with either skill or weapon. Consequently, among all animals, man needs intelligence and reason, through which art and ingenuity flourish and in which he overtakes and surpasses all other animals. Just so every trained and clever man of good intelligence overtakes and surpasses any other who is stouter and stronger than him. |
[2r.4] Et perché alcuni animali inrationabili fano li loro artificii naturalmente, senza alcuna doctrina de l’homo [2v.1] manca de artificio naturalmente sì come il corpo de quello manca de arme debitamente li presta la natura per lo mancamento de dite arme le mane et in loco de quello che ‘l manca de artificij naturali, li presta la virtù de intellecto e cogitatione, e come si lui avesse avuto alcuni artificii naturalmente non poria acquistare artificii per lo resto; e per lo meglio a lui ad usare tutte le arme e tutti li artificii, però non li fo prestato da dita natura né arme né artificio. Have adoncha bixogno tra li altri animali lo intelletto e ragione, ne le qual cosse fiorisce arte et ingiegni, de’ quali due cosse non solo avanza e supera tutti gli animali: ma ciascuno homo docto e adoctato de bono ingiegno avanza a supedita qualunqua sia più robusto di lui e più pieno di forze. | |
As the famous saying goes: cleverness overcomes strength. And what is greater still and almost incredible: the wise rules the stars. An art that conquers all, and dominates anyone who would fight you or stand against you, is born from the aforesaid cleverness and other piercing thinking. And not only can just one man prevail against another, but also a way and possibility exists for one man to overcome many. Not only do we show the way and the theory of combating the adversary as well as to defend yourself against him, but we also teach methods on how to take the weapon from his hand. |
[2v.2] Iusta illud preclare dictum: ingenium superat vires, et quod maius est et quasi incredibile, sapiens dominabitur astris: nasce da dito ingiegno e da altri e penetrative cogitatione, una arte de vincere superare e debbelare qualunque vol conbatere e contrastare; e non solo adviene che uno homo vinca l’altro, ma ancora nasce modo et posibilità che uno solo superi più persone, e non se mostra solo el modo e documento de assaltare lo adversario e repararsi e deffendersi da lui, ma etiam se insegna advi [3r.1] si de togliere l’arme sue di mano: | |
Oftentimes in these texts, a small person of little strength overcomes, prostrates and throws a big, tough and brave man to the ground; just so, you will see how the humble can overtake the proud, and the unarmed the armed. And many times it happens that someone on foot defeats and conquers someone on horseback. |
[3r.2] per li quali documenti, spese fiate uno de poche forze e picolo sottomete prosterne et sbate uno grande robusto, e valoroso e cusì adviene che anche uno humile avanza el superbo e uno disarmato lo armato. Et molte volte accade che uno a piedi vinci e sconfigie uno da cavallo. | |
But because it would be very inconvenient if this noble doctrine were to wilt and die through negligence, I, Philippo di Vadi from Pisa having studied this art ever since my first flourishing years, having travelled to and practiced in many different countries, lands, castles and cities to collect the teachings and examples of many perfect masters of the art, having acquired and obtained (by the Grace of God) a sufficient portion of the art, I have decided to compose this little work, in which I have organised and shown at least the main points of four types of weapon: the lance, sword, dagger and axe. |
[3r.3] Ma perché el seria cossa molto inconveniente che così nobile doctrina per negligentia perise e venise meno, Io philippo di vadi da pisa, havendo ateso a tale arte insino a li mei primi et floridi anni havendo cercato e praticato più et diversi paesi et terre castelle e citade per racogliere amaestramenti et exempli da più maestri perfecti nell’arte, per la dio gratia havendomi acquistato et conseguito una particella assai sufficiente, ho deliberato de conponere questo mio libreto nel qualle ve si ponerà e dimostrarà almeno la noticia di quatro manere d’arme, cioé lanza, spada, daga e aza. | |
And in this book, I will describe the rules, the methods and the actions of this art, with examples illustrated with various figures, so anyone new to the art can understand and learn how to fight, and by which trick and ploy he can fend off and beat aside the opponent’s attacks and counters. I have only included in the aforesaid book the good and true doctrine, which I have received from the most perfect masters, with great pains, efforts, and sleepless nights. And I have also included things that I have discovered and often tested. |
[3r.4] Et in epso libro per mi si descrivirà regole, modi et atti de talle arte, metendo li exempli con varie figure, aciò che ciascheduno, novo ne l’arte, comprehenda e cognosca li modi de assaltare, e per le qualle astutie e calidità lui expella et rebuti da sé le contrarie e i nimici colpi; ponendo solo nel dicto libro quella doctrina [3v.1] vera e bona la qualle io con grandissimi affanni et fatiche e vigilie ho inparato da più perfectisimi maistri metandoli ancho cosse per mi atrovate e spesso provate. | |
Let me remind and admonish all not to be rashly presumptuous, nor to be so bold as to interfere in this art and discipline unless one is high-minded and filled with gallantry. That is because whoever is thick-brained, pusillanimous and cowardly must be banished from such nobility and refinement. To this doctrine should only be invited such men as soldiers,[7] men at arms, scholars, barons, lords, dukes, princes and kings of the land, and any of those whose task is to govern the state, and to any of these who defend widows and orphans (both of which are pious and divine works). |
[3v.2] Ricordando et amonendo ogniuno non prosumma temerariamente né habia ardire de intermeterse in tale arte e scienzia, se lui non è magnanimo e pien de ardire: perché qualuncha homo grosso d’inzegno, pusilanimo e ville, debbe essere caciato e refudato da tanta nobilità e gientileza: perché solo a questa dottrina se debeno invitare sacomani, homini d’arme, scolari, baroni, Signori, Duchi, Principi e Re di terre de le qualli ad alcuni de loro apertene a governare la repubblica; et ad alcuni de loro apertene deffendere pupili e vedoe: et tute due sono opere divine e pie. | |
And if this little work of mine finds its way into the hands of anyone versed in the art, and appears to him to have anything redundant or wrong, may it please him to cut, take away or add to it as he pleases. Because in the end I place myself under his correction and judgement. |
[3v.3] Et se questa mia opereta pervenisse a mane de alcuno docto nella arte e paresseli che in epsa fosse alcuna cossa superflua o manchevole piazali de resecare minuire e acrescere quello li parerà, perché insino da mò io mi sottopono a sua correctione e censura. |
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Here are the guards with their names, Each of your sides is shown. |
[16r-a] Voii seti guardie con li nomi vostre
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I am the strong middle iron gate Dealing death with thrust and fendente. ::I am the guard of the woman, and I am not vain,
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[16r-c] Son mezana porta di ferro forte [16r-d] Io son posta di donna e non son vana | |
I am the flat ground iron door, Always impeding cuts and thrusts. ::I am the guard of the falcon, high up above,
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[16v-a] Son porta di fero piana terrena [16v-b] Son posta di falcon superba e altera | |
I am the short guard of the extended sword, I often strike with the turn back. ::I am the archer’s guard, to deceive
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[16v-c] Son posta breve di spada longeza [16v-d] Son posta sagitaria per ingiegno | |
I am the guard of the true window I raise from the art the thing from the left. ::I am the crown and I am made master
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[17r-a] Io son la posta di vera finestra [17r-b] Io son corona e son fatta maestra | |
With the deadly guard of the boar’s tooth Anyone looking for trouble, I’ll give them plenty. ::I am the long guard with the short(ened) sword,
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[17r-c] Con mortal posta de denti cinghiare [17r-d] Son posta lunga con la spada curta | |
I am the frontal guard, so secure Of cuts and thrusts I have the solution. ::I am the guard of the boar and I am outside,
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[17v-a] Son posta frontal tanto sicura [17v-b] Son posta posta di cingiaro e son di fora | |
I have made a roverso fendente on the left foot, Without changing the foot turning the hips I strike a dritto without further movement. |
[17v-c] El reverso fendente ho tratto sul pè stanco | |
By this grip of your arm that I have made, I can hit you with a cut or pommel strike. |
[18r-a] Per sto pigliare di brazo chio t’ò fato | |
By this turn that I quickly make to my sword I will not pause with this strike. |
[18r-c] Per la volta fata a mia spada presta | |
I have bound you from the roverso side, You’ll be thrown to the ground by a blow of the sword. |
[18v-a] Io t’ò per parte riversa ligato | |
In this way I have you with the left hand, I will not hold back striking with cuts and thrusts. |
[18v-c] Per tal modo tengo con la man stanca | |
By this turn that I have given to my sword I think I will have cut the middle of your throat. |
[19r-a] Per tale volta ch’i’ ò a mia spada data | |
You will go to the ground with this technique And your play has completely failed. |
[19r-c] Tu anderaii per terra a tal partito | |
I do not wish to make war with my sword, But with yours I’ll throw you to the ground. |
[19v-a] Con la mia spada non voglio far guerra | |
I have turned you with force and without difficulty With my skill I will break your arm. |
[19v-c] Io t’ò volto per forza e senza inpazo | |
With skill I have placed you in a similar position, I’ll make you go to the ground at the first blow. |
[20r-a] Con destreza t’ò posto a simil atto | |
In this way I’ll put you in a lock And break your arm (in the time it takes to) say “hello”. |
[20r-c] Per questa forma t’ò messo in la chiave | |
By this turn of the pommel I have bound you, Immediately If I want to I’ll throw you to the ground. |
[20v-a] Per sto voltar di pomo io t’ò ligato | |
By this turn of the blade that you have done, I will break your arm at the first attempt. |
[20v-c] Per sto voltar de mella che tu hai fatto | |
By the turn quick I have given my sword, I’ll strike your arm or your head. |
[21r-a] Per la volta data a mia spada presta | |
If I put my hilt to your sword I’ll make it fall with this action. |
[21r-c] S’io metto el mio mantener a la tua spada | |
This is a grip that I do from below, I will make it fall at the first go. |
[21v-a] Questo è una presa ch’io facio de fora | |
You believed I would strike with a backhand blow, With the elbow I push your sword across. |
[21v-c] Tu credesti ch’io tresse el man riverso | |
Making the turn that my handle has given, I make you fall to the ground backwards. |
[22r-a] Per la volta ch’el mio mantener ha dato | |
This is a disarm that is above, And if I want to I’ll lay you flat. |
[22r-c] Questo è un tor de spada ch’è soprano | |
The feint that I made to strike a fendente, Cuts the jaw and teeth together. |
[22v-a] La vista feci di trar un fendente | |
From the backhand strike that I have done, I’ll give you a good strike with my pommel. |
[22v-c] Nel trar d’il man riverso ch’io t’ò fato | |
This is a grip that I do on the inside, I feel that you’re going to the ground. |
[23r-a] Questa è una presa ch’io te facio dentro | |
I have given you my sword in the head, Yours I’ll take with my quick cunning. |
[23r-c] Io t’ò dato de la spada mia in la testa | |
I beat your sword aside with the middle of the blade, You’ll get a good deal from my pommel. |
[23v-a] De meza mella rebatto tua spada | |
Turning a roverso you parried badly, Entering into a bind at the middle of the blade |
[23v-c] Voltando el man riverso mal parasti |
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Guards of the Axe in Armour. I am the guard of the woman, of great offence, To respond to any situation. ::I am in the guard of the boar, with its saying,
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[24r] GUARDIE D’AZA IN ARME [24r-a] Son posta di dona de grande offesa [24r-b] So in posta di cingiaro con il dir sona | |
I am called the Archer’s guard, I always make blows deviate. ::I am the guard of the cross, so called,
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[24r-c] Io mi chiamo posta sagitaria [24r-d] Son posta di croce così chiamata | |
I was in boar’s tooth with the axe, In this way I have struck you in theface. |
[24v-a] Io era in dente de cinghial con l’aza | |
Lifting the visor I strike your face, I struck you: all defences are gone. |
[24v-c] Levata la visera io t’ò nel volto | |
I place my hand under the right arm I’ll place you in the lock as is written. |
[25r-a] T’ò la mano sotto el brazo drito | |
This is the grip that I do to you, You’ll lose your axe and I’ll strike your head. |
[25r-c] La presa ch’io ti facio serà questa |
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Guards of the Sword in Armour. I am the lower snake guard, That is good for striking with thrusts. ::I am the guard of the serene leopard,
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[26r] GUARDIE DI SPADA IN ARME [26r-a] Io son sotana posta serpentina [26r-b] Son posta de leopardo sereno | |
I am the snake, held high, Above and below I do my work. ::I am the leopard’s tail over the arm,
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[26r-c] Io sum serpentino e sto di sopra [26r-d] Son coda di leopardo sopra el brazo | |
I am the first wounder of the art, To make defence on any side. |
[26v-a] Io son il primo feritore de l’arte | |
I push my point into your face, You see my sword rising upand up. |
[26v-c] Io spingo al volto tuo la mia punta | |
You will let go of your sword in spite of your wishes, I will do even worse to you too. |
[27r-a] La spada vo’ che lasci al tuo dispetto | |
If I can’t stick a point in your face, I’ll stick a pommel instead, as it is there. |
[27r-c] Se non posso al volto tuo meter punta | |
By the pass I have made out of the way, I’ll throw you to the ground with your sword. |
[27v-a] Per lo passare mio for de strada | |
FORM OF THE SWORD IN ARMOUR The sword for fighting in armour should have the form as written below, thus: it should be of a length to come with the pommel under the arm, sharpened four fingers from the point. It’s handle should be of a span. The crossguard should be as long as the handle of the sword. And it should be pointed on every side. And similarly, the pommel should be pointed, so that you can strike with any of these parts. |
[27v-c] FORMA DE SPADA IN ARME La spada da conbatere in arme vole avere la sotoscrita forma cioé la sua longeza vole arivare el pomo sotto el bracio, tagliare quatro dita in punta, el suo manico vole eser de una spana. L’elzo vol esere longo qua(n)to è il manico de la spada: e vol esere aguzo da ogni lato, e similmente vol esere aguz o il pomo per possere ferire con ognuno de questi. |
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Play of the Long Lance With a short lance I’ll wait in this way, I invite you to come with long and short. |
[28r] GIOCO DE LANZA LONGA [28r-a] Per corta lanza aspetto a sto partito | |
From the way I wait for you with a spear I can strike you in the chest with a half turn. |
[28r-c] Per lo modo con la lanza t’aspeto | |
By the half turn that I have made to my spear, I’ll strike you in the chest or side. |
[28v-a] Per meza volta che mia lanza à dato | |
Here end the blows of the spear, They usually go to this technique. |
[28v-c] Qui finiscono i ferir de lanza |
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[1] I do this counter to you,Turning you with the grip on your arm. |
[29r-a] Questo contrario che io te facio | |
[2] With the hand that you have on my shoulder,You’ll go to the ground in a bad hour. |
[29r-c] Per la man che tu hai sopra la spalla | |
[3] I can take the dagger and strike youWith this grip, and I cannot fail. |
[29v-a] La daga tor te posso e ferire | |
[4] With the dagger on the ground I’ll make you fallWith the turn that I do, and with my knowledge. |
[29v-c] La daga in terra ti farò cadere | |
[5] This thrust is done immediatelyI make your dagger fall very fast. |
[30r-a] Questa punta sie subito fataa | |
[6] This thrust that I have placed in your hand,Quickly you will drop your dagger. |
[30r-c] Questa ponta in la man t’ò metuta | |
[7] This cover I make very quickly,So you will be placed in the lock. |
[30v-a] Questa coverta io farò ben tosto | |
[8] I will leap to a play using this cover,And with my dagger I’ll open the way. |
[30v-c] A un gioco saltarò per mi coverta | |
[9] With this cover that you want to do,I’ll make you go into the lower lock. |
[31r-a] Per questa coverta che tu voi fare | |
[10] I can take the dagger or strike,If I don’t want to completely fail the art. |
[31r-c] Si posso tor la daga ancho ferire | |
[11] If I push the dagger towards the ground,You will make no more war with it to me. |
[31v-a] S’io carco la daga verso terra | |
[12] Here I look for your hand to strike itI’ll make you come under the lock. |
[31v-c] Qui cerco la tua man per lei feri(ri) | |
[13] This crossing that I make against youI’ll place you in the lock without difficulty. |
[32r-a] Questo incrociare che verso te i’ facio | |
[14] This strike I make with the fist,I’ll stick your dagger into your body. |
[32r-c] Questo ferire con lo pugno faccio | |
[15] I make the cover of one hand,I make your dagger go to the ground. |
[32v-a] I’ facio la coperta d’una mano | |
[16] From the way I have grabbed you I do not doubtThat you’ll go to the ground, I say immediately! |
[32v-c] Per lo modo ch’io t’ò preso non dubito | |
[17] By the way that I have got youI’ll break the arm and the dagger very quickly. |
[33r-a] Al modo ch’io te tengo so’ disposto | |
[18] You see well the way that I have you,So you and your dagger will be my pawn. |
[33r-c] Tu vedi bene a modo ch’io te tegno | |
[19] I see that this play will not fail me.As I break your arm over my shoulder. |
[33v-a] Io vedo questo gioco non me falla | |
[20] Because of this way that the arm is grabbed,I will lock you with this dagger. |
[33v-c] Per questo modo el bracio vo pigliare | |
[21] I saw that you are bound and going to the ground,I break the arm and you’ll lose the dagger. |
[34r-a] Vedi che sei astretto e in terra vai | |
[22] In this way I have you, and I make a burden,And I can then follow the close and wide. |
[34r-c] A questo modo tengo e facio carco | |
[23] I come at you with crossed arms,And I can do all the previous plays. |
[34v-a] Io vengo a te con le braci incrociate | |
[24] You’ll go to the ground by the backhand,By this play your life is lost. |
[34v-c] Andarai in terra per man riversa | |
[25] I say you are badly taught in this art;You will find yourself suddenly on the ground. |
[35r-a] Tu sei ne l’arte dico asai mal dotto | |
[26] By this grip I say I have you,I am certain you will go into the lock. |
[35r-c] Per questa presa io disse co’ io t’ave | |
[27] I make a lock to this, your elbow;I’ll break your arm for you without doubt. |
[35v-a] Io farò un carco a cquesto tuo cubbito | |
[28] This is a very strong destruction of the arm,The pain that you’ll have will ruin your composure. |
[35v-c] Questo è un guastare di bracio molto forte | |
[29] I have put you in the lock, to your despite,Because you are not perfect in the Art. |
[36r-a] Io t’ò messo in la chiave al tuo dispeto | |
[30] With my right hand I have made this move;I will stick the dagger in your thigh. |
[36r-c] Co’ la man drita ò fato cotal mossa | |
[31] When you’re on the ground you’ll say,“I didn’t believe it would come to this”. |
[36v-a] Quando in terra serai ti porai dire | |
[32] This is a strong way to throw someone to the ground;If I wish it, you will die. |
[36v-c] Questo è un metere in terra ch’è assai forte | |
[33] I have you, by the way that I parried;You will go to the ground against your wishes. |
[37r-a] Io te tengo in modo al mio parere | |
[34] You must just go to the ground,And you’ll make no more war with the dagger. |
[37r-c] El ti bixogna puro andar in terra | |
[35] By the pass that I do under the arm,You’ll go to the ground with much trouble. |
[37v-a] Per lo passare fato soto el bracio | |
[36] THE MEASURE OF THE DAGGERThe length of the dagger should be just to the elbow, with an edge and two corners. The grip should be the length of the fist, as the shape is shown depicted here below. |
[37v-c] MESURA DE DAGA La longeza de la daga vol esere fin a el gomito con un taglio e dui cantoni, el manico vol esser d’uno somesso como apare la forma d’essa dopent a qui di sotto. |
Images |
||
---|---|---|
I defend myself just as well as I can, As you strike I will overcome you. |
[38r-a] Io mi difendo puro quanto poso | |
As you throw, your blow will be lost; I’ll beat away your weapon with a backhand blow. |
[38r-c] Como tu lance el colpo serà perso | |
I am in guard with a good forehand blow, As you throw at me you’ll understand the text. |
[38v-a] Io sono in guardia col bon man dirito | |
Following the work are some dagger techniques as follows. You must consider the act, the grip, the principle and the finish to understand the way. Knowing how cunning human nature is, and for everyone who is practiced in the art can understand all the actions depicted and shown in this, my little work, mainly of the sword, the axe, the spear and the dagger. |
[38v-c] Seguitando l’opra precede alcuni partiti de daga como seguita: bixogna considerare l’ato la presa el principio el finire, per volere intendere el modo: avixo e quanto sia l’ingiegno de l’humana natura e però ognuno che sia pratico nell’arte porà intendere tutti gli altri dopinti e posti in questa mia opereta e prima de spada, aza, lanza e daga. | |
Dagger technique |
[39r-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[39r-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[39v-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[39v-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[40r-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[40r-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[40v-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[40v-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[41r-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[41r-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[41v-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[41v-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[42r-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[42r-c] Finiri del partito | |
Dagger technique |
[42v-a] Partito de daga | |
End of the technique |
[42v-c] Finiri del partito |
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
Work | Author(s) | Source | License |
---|---|---|---|
Images | Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma | WikiMedia Commons | |
Translation | Guy Windsor | The School of European Swordsmanship | |
Transcription | Marco Rubboli and Luca Cesari | Index:De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi (MS Vitt.Em.1324) |
Additional Resources
- Vadi, Filippo. Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi: 15th Century Swordsmanship of Master Filippo Vadi. Trans. Luca Porzio and Gregory Mele. Union City, CA: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2002. ISBN 978-1891448164
- Vadi, Filippo; Rubboli, Marco; and Cesari, Luca. L'arte Cavalleresca del Combattimento. Rome: Il Cerchio Iniziative Editoriali, 2005. ISBN 88-8474-079-7
- Windsor, Guy. Veni Vadi Vici. A Transcription, Translation and Commentary of Philippo Vadi's De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi. The School of European Swordsmanship, 2013. ISBN 978-952-93-1686-1
References
- ↑ For an alternative theory as to the identity of Philippo di Vadi, see Greg Mele. "Interesting information on the Vadi family (Philippo Vadi)". HEMA Alliance Forum. 06 June 2012. Retrieved 09 October 2012.
- ↑ Vadi, Philippo di. De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi [manuscript]. MS Vitt. Em. 1324. Rome, Italy: Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma, 1480s.
- ↑ Rubboli, Marco and Cesari, Luca. The Knightly Art of Combat of Filippo Vadi. Document circulated online.
- ↑ The translation of these lines was kindly done by Alan Cross, personal correspondence, 28 September 2016.
- ↑ The title that the manuscript is known by comes from this line of the book: de arte gladiatoria dimicandi. Dimicare means to fight in earnest against your enemies; l’arte gladiatoria is the art of fencing. Together, the sense is “the art of fencing in earnest against your enemies”, as opposed to fencing for fun, exercise or display.
- ↑ I am indebted to both Prof Alessandra Petrina and Tom Leoni for their suggestions on improving this section.
- ↑ The word here is ‘sacomani’ (more commonly saccomani), a kind of man at arms who follows the army looking for spoils. I think ‘scavenger’ would not be inaccurate, but clearly Vadi is laying out a hierarchy of martial prowess, with kings at the top, barons in the middle, and men at arms near the bottom. Saccomani is the lowest class of men worthy to learn the art, and so elevated above what comes to mind when we think ‘scavenger’. I’ve used the generic ‘soldier’ here. It is not a normal translation of this term, but it fits this hierarchy better.
- ↑ I, and Mele and Porzio before me (on page 41), were confounded by the page break between this line and the next. E mostrallo con breve eloquenza./La geometria che divide e parte. F3v, f4r. I am indebted to Prof Petrina for pointing out that Geometry, not the author, is the subject of the sentence. I mention this particularly because I know that many readers will trace the translation line by line, comparing it to a transcription or the scans of the ms, and may wonder why Geometry is apparently on the wrong line! It serves to illustrate the differences between the two languages, and as a reminder that similar changes to word order can be expected throughout.
- ↑ Note that on folio 28r where he gives the form of the sword to be used in armour, the crossguard is as long as the handle alone, not handle and pommel together. The images tend to suggest this latter arrangement.
- ↑ This could refer to the blade, but most practitioners believe it refers to the crossguard itself, which can indeed be sharpened for striking with, as we see in the section on combat with the sword in armour. The word is ‘ferruza’; ‘ferruzo’ means ‘a little piece of iron’, so the implication is that this would refer to the crossguard.
- ↑ si tu averai nel cervel tuo sale, lit. “if you have salt in your brain”.
- ↑ Passi o torni, lit. “pass or return.” It’s clear from the context that this means forwards or backwards. Also, on f22r of the Getty ms, Fiore describes the three turns and four steps which make up the footwork of his system. By pairing accrescere and discrescere, passare and torrnare, it’s clear that ‘passare’ is a pass forward and ‘tornare’ is a pass backward. See also f19r where ‘tornare’ is used and the fencing context makes it absolutely clear that it refers to passing back with the front foot.
- ↑ This is very obscure in the Italian. Prof. Petrina suggests: “Imbratar carte” means write a lot with little effect – it is usually said of a bad poet. So – he who wishes to oppose his own art to everybody else’s is writing a lot to no effect?” Alessandra Petrina, personal correspondence, 23rd March 2018.
- ↑ This number is written out (quarto), and does not have a roman numeral in the ms, so I have written it out here.
- ↑ The image here is of a formal duel, in which the duellists are given their choice of weapons. This indicates a specific context for this art to work in.
- ↑ Advantage of the sword is presumably length, especially in a duelling context.
- ↑ Lit. “You will make everyone scratch their own mange”
- ↑ This is a poetic image, which conveys the defeat of the ignorant by the knowledgeable.
- ↑ Erased.