Gladiatoria group/Illustrations

Spear

Draft Translation (from the Kraków) by Benedict Haefeli	New Haven Transcription (1430s)	Vienna Transcription (1430s)	Kraków Transcription (1440s)	Wolfenbüttel Transcription (1465-1480)	Paris Transcription (1490s)
GLADIATORIA :~
[1] Note the first play of the spear. When you initially enter the barricades and see your opponent, hold your buckler in your left hand and raise your spear [with the right hand] for a powerful downward thrust and see where you might hit him easiest. Turn the spear with the iron towards the ground and deflect the thrust he wanted to direct at you with a strong blow. And when you deflect his thrust, aim for his left foot and thrust with force, using both hands.
[2] Note the second play of the spear. If he foiled the thrust of your spear, draw your sword and hold it in your left hand, point down, awaiting his powerful thrust. Close in, grip your sword with both hands and keep him from getting to his sword, and see if you can part him from his spear.
[3] Note the third play of the spear. If he grabs his spear with all his might and prepares for a thrust to your face, set your spear on the ground in front of you, point up, and deflect his thrust with an upward blow. This way you avert his thrust on your face. Now change your position and thrust at him as best as you can.
[4] Note the fourth play. If he threw his spear at you, grip your spear with all your strength and thrust at him with all your power. If he thrusts at you with all his strength, deflect his blow with your left hand, put it under your left armpit and hold it there. Draw your sword and shoot it where you have the best chance of winning.
[5] Note the fifth play. If you threw your spear and missed and his counter-thrust comes too fast, grip your sword with both hands and deflect the thrust with an upwards strike. After deflecting, hold your sword in your armored hand and work it around his spear.
[6] Note the sixth play. If you threw your spear at him and missed, and his counter-thrust comes too fast for you to get to your sword, draw your dagger and deflect his thrust so it passes your left side. Now close in on him and try to part him from his spear.
[7] Note the seventh play. If you have successfully parted him from his spear and he draws his sword and strikes at you, grab the dagger in both hands and catch his blow between your hands with the dagger. This way, you can start wrestling for his sword.
[8] Note the eighth play. Grab you spear for a powerful throw and decide whether you might hit him, to not throw your spear in vain. If he throws at you first, prepare to thrust your spear at him and see where you might hit him. Keep at this play as long as you can.
[9] Note the ninth. When he holds his buckler in his left hand, raised his spear for throwing and is now looking where he might best hit you, put your spear and buckler together and place your spear on the ground in front of you. Draw your sword with your right hand and wait for his throw.
[10] Note the tenth play. If he dropped his buckler and is holding his spear and sword together and thrusts at you with strength and wants to work you vigorously, hold your spear and your buckler together and vigorously resist him for as long as you can.
[11] Note the eleventh play. When he holds his buckler in his left hand and raised his spear above his head, ready to throw, and wants to throw it at you, put your sword and buckler together in your left hand and watch out for his throw. Catch it with your buckler, raise your spear above your head and throw it swiftly at where you might hit him. This way you are free to get at your sword.
[12] Note the twelfth play. If you want to end him quickly, hold your spear and sword together on your arm, unscrew the pommel of your sword and throw it at him vigorously. Close in with the throw and use your sword or spear, whatever suits you best. When he throws his pommel at you, keep your buckler close to you and watch out for the throw. Hold your spear in your right hand and prepare to thrust, to stop him from closing in if it is his intention.

Sword

Complete Translation (from the Kraków) by Hugh T. Knight, Jr.	New Haven Transcription (1430s)	Vienna Transcription (1430s)	Kraków Transcription (1440s)	Wolfenbüttel Transcription (1465-1480)	Paris Transcription (1490s)
[1] Note the beginning of the technique that also derives from the four guards: When you want to do this seriously move your right foot forward and turn your pommel forward towards his face, thus you offer him an opening at your right armpit. If he means to seek or exploit your opening with a strong thrust then strike down with strength with your sword’s point. So you displace his thrust, and grab with the point from the outside in his left hollow of knee like you see it in the next picture. [Continued]
[2] [Continued] And pull powerfully towards you so you can throw him on his back as you see it in the picture above. These are the first two techniques deriving from the four guards of the sword that are described before the other sword techniques.
[3] Note that now you have lost spears and shields: Take your sword at the armor-hand and wind it above your head as you have learned; this position leads to all the thrusts and strikes as you well know how to do them. Also, note if he wants to execute the technique against you and thrust from above strongly into your face, then take your sword for the full displacement and strike out his point with strength, and catch with your pommel in between his left hand and the sword and jerk hard towards you--thus you have warded off his thrust.
[4] Note the second technique of the sword: If he has brought his sword over his head ready for the thrust and means to thrust vigorously towards your face then get ready and thrust from below with the point of your sword over his left arm and underneath his sword and pull your point powerfully upward so that his hand comes off his sword like you see it in the picture above.
[5] Note the third technique: If he wants to stab from below towards your visor and means to seek you here vigorously, then look and take your sword close [short?]. And just when he means to thrust at your visor, see that you hit him inside on his palm with your thrust thus you deprive him of his hand so that he cannot use it any more.
[6] Note the fourth technique with the sword: If he wants to thrust with full power at your body from below then thrust from above in between his left arm and his sword and push down with the pommel so that his hand comes off his sword and he cannot harm you with his thrust.
[7] Note the fifth technique of the sword: If you both try to thrust inside each others’ swords at each others’ faces then push the point of his sword down with your sword and catch with your pommel from above in between his left hand and the sword and jerk towards you so that you take his sword from his hand as you see it in the picture above.
[8] Note the sixth technique of the sword: If he has set his right foot and has struck the Mortdschlag to your head, then catch the strike with your sword in between your hands and step with your left foot outside of his right foot and catch with your point at the left side of his neck so you can throw him onto his back as you see it in the picture above.
[9] Note the seventh technique of the sword: If he has set his left foot forward and tried to do the Mortdschlag to your head then catch the strike on your sword in between your hands and stride your right foot forward and catch with your pommel at the right side of his neck so you can throw him onto his back as you see it in the picture above.
[10] Note the eighth technique of the sword: If he has turned his pommel forward and wants to hit your left arm with it between elbow and shoulder then throw your sword forward to the side and turn your point up. Thus you have displaced the strike as you see it in the picture above.
[11] Note the ninth technique of the sword: When he has turned his pommel forward and wants to hit your right arm between elbow and shoulder then throw your sword forward sideways and turn your sword’s point up. Thus you have displaced his strike as you see in the picture.
[12] Note the tenth technique of the sword which is called straß der glider: When one thrusts with full power and wants to drive the technique on the other then thrust your point towards the outside of his sword and drive through between his hands with your pommel and catch onto his right wrist and jerk towards you so that you break his arm or throw him as you see it in the picture above.
[13] Note the eleventh technique of the sword which is the second part of the straß der glider: When one thrusts at the other and wants to drive the technique then thrust him at the outside of his sword and drive through between his hands with your pommel and hook him with the pommel at the outside of his upper left arm and pull quickly towards you so that you break his arm or throw him as you see in the picture above.
[14] Note the twelfth technique of the sword: When you thrust to the inside of his sword, towards his face, take his left hand behind the wrist with your left hand towards your sword and move your right foot inside his left foot and pull up his arm with your sword like you see it in the picture above.
[15] That is the counter of the twelfth technique of the sword that in number is the thirteenth: Grab his left side underneath his arm with your left arm and without looking grasp the hollow of his right knee from the outside with your right hand and lift up so that he falls down on his back as you see it in the picture above.
[16] Note the fourteenth technique of the sword: If you thrust towards his face on the inside of his sword then take his left hand behind the wrist with your left hand towards your sword and move your left foot inside his left foot and pull his arm up with your sword. After doing so release your left hand from the sword and quickly catch his neck. And with your right hand catch his left thigh on the inside. So you throw him over (away from you) as you see it in the picture.
[17] Note the counter of the fourteenth technique of the sword which in number is the fifteenth: Grab over his back underneath his right shoulder with your left arm and with your right hand [grab] the outside of his left thigh and jerk it towards you so that you can throw him down in front of you as you see it in the picture above.
[18] Note the sixteenth play of the sword: If both of you have stabbed to the inside of each others’ sword with strength then catch his left hand behind the wrist and your sword together and jerk his arm so that he must turn his back towards you. Grab him like that and pull him with strength and strike with your left knee outward against his left leg so you can throw him as you see it in the picture above.
[19] Note the seventeenth technique of the sword: When both of you thrust down powerfully towards the body, then grab both swords together into your left hand and drive through with your pommel underneath his right arm and jerk up so that he loses his sword as you see in the picture above.
[20] This is the counter to the seventeenth technique of the sword which in number is the eighteenth: Take both points into your left hand and jerk towards your left side and grab over his back underneath his right shoulder with your left hand and grab his thigh outside with your right hand and throw him away from you as you see it in the picture above.
[21] That is the counter to the counter of the seventeenth technique of the sword which in number is the nineteenth: Embrace him with your left arm around his whole body, then pull him quickly towards you and grasp his left knee with your right hand and throw him with wrestling movements like in the picture above.
[22] Note the twentieth technique of the sword: When he stabs down towards your face on the outside of your sword and wants to knock the point of your sword away with strength then let the point go [out] and place your right foot behind his left foot and push with your sword in between both your hands towards his neck so that he falls like you see it in the picture above.
[23] Note the twenty-first technique: When one has placed his sword’s point onto the chest of the other, don’t forget about what to do (in this situation) as you know it and see it in the picture.
[24] Note the twenty-second technique of the sword: When he has placed his point with strength on your chest then grasp his left wrist with your left hand and push him away from you with your point so that you can move his point under your left shoulder. Then thrust down into his foot as you see it in the picture above.
[25] Note the twenty-third technique of the sword: Threaten to strike the outside of his left knee with your pommel. When he see this and wants to displace the strike, then stop and thrust outside of his sword through under his left leg and throw him down as you see it in the picture above.
[26] This is the counter to the twenty-third technique of the sword which in number is the twenty-fourth: If he has turned you away from him with his sword then catch your left arm over his neck and grab him with your hand underneath his right shoulder and release your sword and grab his left thigh and lift up so that you can throw him as you see it in the picture above.
[27] Note the twenty-fifth technique of the sword: When both of you have thrust your swords towards to the body on the outside then release your sword with your left hand and put your sword through under his right armpit and quickly grab your sword’s point again and lift so that you make him fall as you see it in the picture above.
[28]
[29] This is the counter to the twenty-fifth technique and in number is the twenty-sixth: After he has done his technique so that he has gained your back, now note how to do the counter. Pull your right foot up and place it outside his left foot and grasp your right hand over the front of his body so that you can throw him backwards as seen in the picture above.
[30] Note the twenty-seventh technique of the sword: If he come towards you in the Crowding and has grabbed your point with his hand then jerk your sword towards you. If he doesn’t allow this then push your pommel into his right side and grab his knee with your left hand and jerk towards you and push his left shoulder with your right hand so you can throw him as you see in the picture above.
[31] Note the twenty-eight technique of the sword which is the beginning of the ‘shear’: If he grabbed the point of your sword then throw yourself through in between the swords like you know to do, thus you have placed your sword in front of him and grab his point and thrust with your sword over his arm within his right elbow and lift so that he loses his sword as you see in the picture above.
[32] Note the twenty-ninth technique of the which is the second part of the ‘shear’: If he tries to move himself in between the swords then be aware as soon as he turns his back towards you. Then move both swords crosswise up and hold him tight as you see in the picture above.
[33] This is the counter to the twenty-ninth technique of the sword and in number is the thirtieth technique and the third part of the ‘shear’: If he has thrown both swords over you then release your sword and grab his sword blade with your left hand and grab his hilt with your right hand. Thus you lose your sword and gain his sword as you see in the picture above.
[34] Note the thirty-first technique of the sword: When both of you have aimed at each others’ faces from the outside and tried to turn out each others’ points, then quickly push away from you and release the grip of your left hand and grab his pommel with it and lift up. Thus you turn him away from you and he turns his back towards you as in the picture above.
[35] This is the counter to the thirty-first technique of the sword and in number is the thirty-second: If he has grabbed your pommel then release your sword with your right hand and push behind his left elbow with it so that you do to him what he intended to do to you as you see in the picture above.
[36] Note this technique which in number is the thirty-third of the sword: When both swords hit each other from outside thrusts to each other’s faces then catch your pommel into the hollow of his left knee from the outside and jerk towards you and push with your left elbow into his chest. Thus you throw him backwards away from you as in the picture above.
[37] This is the counter to the thirty-third technique of the sword and in number is the thirty-fourth: Release your sword and grasp with your left hand over his neck onto his right shoulder and grasp the outside of his left thigh with your right hand and jerk him over so you throw him down as you see in the picture above.
[38] Note the thirty-fifth technique of the sword: When he has thrust to your body from the inside then push his point down with your sword and catch the hollow of his left knee with your pommel and jerk towards you. And push with your head under his left shoulder so you can throw him as seen in the picture above.
[39] This is the counter to the thirty-fifth technique and in number is the thirty-sixth: If he tried to throw you backwards then catch your left arm above his neck and under his right shoulder and grab around his left arm at about his elbow with your right hand and place your left foot outside of his left foot and throw him down (towards you) as you see in the picture above.
[40] Note the thirty-seventh technique of the sword, the beginning of the techniques deriving from Crowding at the chest: When both of you have placed your swords for Crowding then pull your sword towards you and be careful to thrust inside his left gauntlet behind the wrist and push him away from you so you force him wherever you want to.
[41] When he wants to throw himself against you and thus wants to counter your technique then place your left foot outside his left foot and grab around his chest and under his right shoulder with your left arm and lift his left hand with the point of your sword [inside his gauntlet] quickly so you have stabbed him and thus defeat the counter he intended to apply against your technique as you see in the picture above.
[42] Note the thirty-ninth technique of the sword: When he thrusts towards your face from the outside then push his point strongly aside with your sword and place your left foot in between his feet and grab around his body with your left arm and release your sword and grab the back of his left knee from the outside and throw him as you see in the picture above.
[43] This is the counter of the thirty-ninth technique and in number is the fortieth: When he tries to grab you jerk your left foot towards you, thus you catch him as he wanted to grab you. Release your sword and reach out for his left thigh and so you can throw him on the ground as you see in the picture above.
[44] Note the forty-first technique of the sword: When you thrust toward his face from the inside and he tries to displace your thrust, then push his sword down with your point and push with your sword towards his neck and release your left hand from the sword and catch him at his right side around his neck again into your bind. So you have ‘embraced’ him and thrust with your dagger as seen in the picture above.
[45] Note the technique: If one has thrust vigorously to the chest and the swords have connected to the outside then lift his point up strongly with your sword and lift your left foot and kick against his knee like in the picture above.
[46] This is the counter to the forty-second technique of the sword and is the forty-third in number: If he tries to kick your left leg with his foot then pull that foot back and place your right foot outside of his left foot and catch him with your pommel at the right side of his neck. So you throw him away as seen in the picture above.
[47] Note the technique that is in number the forty-fourth technique of the sword: If you have made him lose all his defense, spear, shield, sword and dagger then strike him with full strength with the pommel of your sword where you know you can hit him hardest so that you can make him fall down.
[48] This is the counter to the forty-fourth technique of the sword and is the forty-fifth in number: If you have lost all your defenses then place your left foot forward and your left arm onto his right arm and catch his strike with both your arms and run into him and grab the back of his knee from the outside with your right hand and grab from outside under his left shoulder with your reversed left hand so you can throw him as seen in the picture above.
[49] Note the technique of the wrestling from the wag and it is the forty-sixth technique of the sword: When both thrust towards the face on the inside then push his point away with strength with your sword and release your right hand from your sword and grab behind his left elbow with it and move your right foot forward behind his left foot and quickly grab around his body with your right arm and throw him as seen in the picture above.
[50] Note the technique which is the forty-seventh technique of the sword: When both of you have lost their means of defense and grab each other for wrestling and he gets hold of you then try to knock off his arm. If he holds tight and does not let go then glide with your right arm half thumb (???) through and push his elbow inwards and quickly grab his left hand with your left hand so you force him back and place your right foot forward so you can throw him as seen in the picture above.
[51] Note the forty-eighth technique of the sword: If he has gotten his sword back then before he notices quickly rush into both his hands. If he throws his left hand forward, hits your chest and doesn’t want you to advance then grab quickly for his left hand with your right hand and step forward and move through his left shoulder with your head and grab around below his body with your left hand so you throw him onto his head as seen in the picture above.
[52] Note the forty-ninth technique of the sword: When both grab each other for wrestling, if he tries to grab you with his right hand then push with your left hand against his right arm at about elbow level and place your right foot outside of his right foot and grab with your right arm around his body so you can throw him over your hip as seen in the picture above.
[53] This is the fiftieth technique of the sword: When you hold each others’ arms strongly then release your left hand and shove his right arm with it behind the elbow turning inwards and grab with your right arm over his back and grab his right foot from the outside below his knee with your left hand and lift so you can throw him as seen in the picture above.

Dagger

Complete Translation (from the Kraków) by Jeffrey L. Forgeng	New Haven Transcription (1430s)	Vienna Transcription (1430s)	Kraków Transcription (1440s)	Wolfenbüttel Transcription (1465-1480)	Paris Transcription (1490s)
[1]
[2] Here begin six thrusts of the dagger which lead to all the limb-wrestling, which leads to all techniques involved in the dagger, and the counter-responses that pertain to them. If he thrusts from above at your face with his dagger, then catch his right hand by the wrist in your left hand, and twist his arm outwards, thus countering his thrust. If you wish to bring him to wrestling, then release your dagger and grasp with your right hand from below on his right elbow and jerk inwards against the chest; thus you break his arm or he must fall. That is the first technique of the dagger as you see illustrated above.
[3] The second technique of the dagger: if he thrusts at your chest from above, having rushed upon you so that you cannot get to your dagger, then catch his hand behind his dagger with your right hand, and throw your left arm over his right arm, and set your left hand in front on your chest, and press your right hand well to you; thus you break his arm or throw him down before you as you see illustrated above.
[4] The third technique of the dagger: if he thrusts right at your body from below, and you cannot get to your dagger, then grasp from above with your right hand on his wrist behind his dagger, and with your left hand from below on his elbow, and lift his arm up on your left shoulder; thus you break his arm, or carry him wherever you want to, as you see illustrated above.
[5] The fourth technique of the dagger: if he thrusts from above at your face, then release your dagger and catch his hand behind the dagger in your left hand, and grasp with your reversed right hand on his blade; thus you take away his dagger and bring it wherever you will, as you see illustrated above.
[6] Note the fifth technique: If he thrusts upwards from his right side towards your body then grab his arm behind his dagger with your left hand and with your right hand turn down his blade. So you take his dagger away as seen in the picture above.
[7] The sixth technique of the dagger: if he thrusts from his left shoulder to your neck, then catch his hand behind the dagger with your left hand, and grasp with your right hand on his blade, and lift upwards, thus taking away his dagger; and stride with your left foot outside behind his right foot, and push with your right hand on his chest; thus you throw him as you can see illustrated above.
[8] The seventh technique of the dagger, one of the five parryings: if he thrusts at your face from above, then catch the thrust on your dagger between your hands; when you have parried his thrust, then grasp briskly with your left hand from below on his right elbow, and stride with your right foot outside behind his left foot, and lift his arm well upwards; thus you throw him backwards as you see illustrated above.
[9] The eighth technique of the dagger: if he thrusts forcefully from below to your body, then fall on his blade with your dagger between your hands, thus parrying his thrust; and grasp with your left hand on his wrist behind the dagger, and pass with your right foot outside in front of his right foot, and grasp with your right hand on the left side of his neck; thus you can well throw him down as you see illustrated above.
[10] The ninth technique of the dagger: if he has his right foot forward and thrusts from his left side to your chest, then catch the thrust on your blade between your hands, and grasp with your left hand on his arm behind the elbow, and push well away from you so that he turns his back toward you, as you see illustrated above.
[11] The tenth technique of the dagger: if he thrusts from above to your face and you cannot get to your dagger, then lay your right hand crosswise on your left and catch the thrust on your arms, and grasp with your left hand around his wrist behind the dagger, and with your right hand upwards on his blade, thus taking away his dagger, as you see illustrated above.
[12] The eleventh technique of the dagger: if he thrusts from below on the right side to your chest, and his left foot is forward with strength, and you have lost your dagger, then fall again with your hands crosswise from above on his dagger and grasp with your left hand above on his hand behind the dagger, and grasp with your right hand on his blade, and press downwards, thus taking away his dagger, as you see illustrated above.
[13] The twelfth technique of the dagger: if he thrusts from above to your visor, then catch his right hand behind his dagger with your left hand, so that his blade is outside on your arm, and stride with your left foot inside his left foot, so that you can well thrust at him and take away his dagger, as you see illustrated above.
[14] The thirteenth technique of the dagger: if you have both thrusted at each other from the left side, and each has parried the other’s thrust, then stride with your left foot outside his right foot, and grasp through with your left hand under the arms of both of you onto the blade of your dagger, and jerk hard toward you, as you see illustrated above.
[15] The fourteenth technique of the dagger: if he thrusts down from above with his full strength at you, then come from your right side with parrying of his thrust, afterwards push his right elbow with your left hand, so that he turns his back toward you, and go through with your dagger from behind through onto his legs; jerk toward you, and grasp with your left hand behind on his neck, thus casting him before you, as you see illustrated above.
[16] The fifteenth technique of the dagger: if each of you thrusts at the other’s face from above from the right side, and both come against each other with parrying, then push with your left arm from below on his right arm, and grasp with your left hand on his neck, and catch through with your dagger between his legs, jerk toward you; thus you throw him as you see illustrated above.
[17] The sixteenth technique of the dagger: if he thrusts from above to your neck, and you cannot get to your dagger, then catch his arm with both hands, and twist his dagger inwards and his elbow outwards, and set your left foot forward outside his left foot, thus throwing him, as is illustrated above.
[18] The seventeenth technique of the dagger: if he thrusts at from above, then grasp with your reversed left hand behind his dagger around his wrist, so that his blade is outside on your arm, and stride with your right foot outside of his right foot, and push with your right hand on his neck, thus casting him, as is illustrated above.
[19] The eighteenth technique of the dagger: if he again comes from above with a thrust and his right foot is forward, then again catch his right hand by the wrist behind his dagger with your reversed left hand, so that his blade comes outside over your arm; set your left foot forward, and grasp with your right hand on his knee joint, and pull well toward you, thus throwing him, as you see illustrated above.
[20] The nineteenth technique of the dagger: if he has thrusted to your chest, then fall with your left hand above on his right arm behind his dagger; press it well downwards and with your left hand twist his blade against his body, and push hard upon it with your chest; thus you jab at him with his own dagger as you see illustrated above.
[21] The twentieth technique of the dagger: if you both have thrusted from above from the right side at each other’s faces, and the daggers come on each other with mutual parrying, then go up from below with your left hand on his right arm, and press down with your right hand on his right hand; thus you bring his arm under your left armpit; jerk well toward you so that his right foot comes inside your left foot; throw or thrust upwards at him as you see illustrated above.
[22] The twenty-first technique of the dagger: if he thrusts at you from above and you cannot get to your dagger, then grasp with your reversed left hand on his wrist behind the dagger so that his blade is outside on your arm, and stride with your right foot, and grasp with your right hand outside on his right elbow, and jerk well toward you, thus breaking his arm as you see illustrated above.
[23] Note the twenty-second technique, which belongs to the previously described technique. When you have brought him as was described and painted, then throw yourself to the other side of his arm so that his arm comes on your shoulder. Thus you can break his arm or carry him where you want as you can see painted above.
[24] Note the twenty-third technique. When he thrusted at your face and you have not drawn your dagger, then catch with your upturned right hand his right hand behind the dagger, and with your left hand grasp his elbow from the outside, and twist his arm around. Thus you will bring him to this what is painted above.
[25] The first ??? against the lift Note the twenty-fourth technique. When you have brought him to this, what was described and painted before, then twist his arm around so that he turns backward. Thus you will throw him to the earth, as you can see painted above.
[26] Note the twenty-fifth technique. When he thrusts from above from the left shoulder toward your breast, and you have not drawn your dagger, then with your right hand catch his hand behind the dagger, and with your left foot step forward outside his right foot, and with your left hand grasp his neck on the left side, and push backward, so that you throw him as you can see painted above.
[27] The twenty-sixth technique of the dagger: if you both have your right feet forward and thrust from above from the left side at each other’s faces, and have come to each other with mutual parrying, then hang your dagger with the point down and fall with your right hand inside on his hand behind the dagger, and thrust to the right side of his neck behind his nape, and grasp with your left hand on the point of your dagger, so that you lock his neck, and stride forward with your left foot and jerk him down, as you see illustrated above.
[28] The twenty-seventh technique of the dagger: if he thrusts from above to the face of your visor, and you have failed to draw your dagger, then go up with your right reversed hand, and grasp his hand behind the dagger, and strike it behind his helmet, and with your left hand grasp behind on his nape, thus casting him before you on his face, as you see illustrated above.
[29] The twenty-eighth technique of the dagger: if he has his right foot forward and thrusts down from above at you with all his might, then catch his arm between his dagger and elbow with your left hand, and grasp with your reversed hand on his blade, and press the point down, and stride with your left foot outside his right foot; thus you cast him or take away his dagger, as you see illustrated above.
[30] The twenty-ninth technique of the dagger, and it is a wrestling from the Change: if he has his left foot forward and again thrusts at you, then grasp with your left hand inside on his left thigh by the knee-joint, and set your right arm on the right side of his neck, and stride forward with your right foot outside his left, and pull his leg well to you, and push away from you above, thus throwing him as you see illustrated above.
[31] The thirtieth technique of the dagger, and it is the counter to the wrestling of the Change: if he has grasped for your left thigh, and has set his right arm on the right side of your neck, then push with your left hand on his joint behind the elbow, and grasp with your right hand on his wrist behind the dagger, and twist his arm around so that he turns his back toward you; thus you have countered the wrestling from the Change, as you see illustrated above.
[32] The thirty-first technique of the dagger: if you have both equally seized one another and each has brought his right arm under the left armpit of the other, and each quickly swings the other, when you have brought him in the swing on your left side, then step forward outside his right leg outside before his right leg, and swing well with your right arm*; thus you throw him down on his back as you see illustrated above.
[33] The thirty-second technique of the dagger: if he has set his right foot outside in front of your right foot, and has grasped you with his right arm under your left armpit, and means to throw you over his right leg, then fall down on your left knee; thus you throw him as he had intended to do, as you see illustrated above.
[34] Note the thirty-third technique of the dagger: if he has his right foot forward and thrusts down from above to your helmet, and you have not drawn your dagger, then send your left hand over his right arm, so that you bring his arm under your armpit, and stride forth with your left foot behind his legs, and grasp with your right hand from outside into his right thigh, and lift upwards; thus you will throw him as illustrated above.
[35] The thirty-forth technique of the dagger—this wrestling comes out of the counter of the Change: if he has set his right arm on your neck and means to grasp with his left hand for your leg above your knee, and means to throw you backwards, then seize his right hand behind the dagger with your right hand, and throw it on his pelvis, and stride with your right foot so that you come behind his back; grasp with your left hand from behind through his legs on his wrist behind the dagger; then let go with your right hand and grasp with it from outside over his chest; thus you throw him as you see illustrated above.
[36] The thirty-fifth technique of the dagger: if he has his left foot forward and thrusts down from above with his reversed hand with the dagger, and thrusts at your left shoulder, and he has rushed upon you so that you cannot get to your dagger, then go up from below with your right hand and catch his arm in the elbow and throw your left arm over his right arm from outside and press well down, and stride forward with your left foot inside his left foot; thus you break his arm or throw him, as you see illustrated above.
[37]
[38] The thirty-sixth technique of the dagger: if he thrusts at you from below from his left side and his right foot is forward, then stride with your left foot inside his foot, and leave your dagger in its sheath, and briskly grasp his right hand behind the dagger with your left hand, and go up from below with your right hand on his blade, and twist his point to his chest; thus his grip comes on your chest; thus you crowd his dagger at him as you see illustrated above.
[39] The first technique of pinning: when it happens in wrestling that you have brought him down on his back, then grasp with your left arm over his neck and knee him between his legs with your left knee, and hold him fast and work with your dagger, as you see illustrated above.
[40] The second technique of pinning: when you have brought him on his belly with wrestling, then fall on his back with your right knee, and grasp with your left hand on his visor, and lift *hard upward, and work with your dagger, as you see illustrated above.
[41] The third technique of pinning: when you have come to wrestling with him, and have grasped with your left arm in front around his neck, then fall down on your *right knee, and jerk him down onto his back toward you, and work with your dagger, as you see illustrated above.
[42] The fourth technique of pinning: when you have again brought him onto his back with wrestling, then fall between his legs with your right knee, and press down on his right arm by the shoulder with your left elbow, and lift upwards with your hand by his *bevor, and work with your dagger, as you see illustrated above.
[43] The fifth technique of pinning: when it again happens that you have thrown him on his back, then fall down on your left knee outside his left leg above the lower leg*; if he pulls his foot toward him and means to get up again, then send your left hand through his left knee joint from outside, and grasp his right hand by the wrist and hold it fast, and work with your dagger, as you see illustrated above.
[44] The sixth technique of pinning: when it happens that you have thrown him on his belly with wrestling, then fall down with your right knee beside his right leg, and fall with your left knee on his *arse; if he *lifts himself on his arms, and means to stand up underneath you, then clap his right arm under his chest with your right hand, and grasp with your left hand for his left hand by the wrist, and turn it around behind his back, and hold it fast, and pull out your dagger and work as you see illustrated above.
[45] The seventh technique of pinning: when it happens again that you have brought him on his back with wrestling, then fall with your right knee between his legs, and catch with your right foot over his left instep, thus holding his foot so that he cannot pull his leg to himself; and take his left hand in your left hand, and jerk it behind his helmet, and hold fast, and work to his face as you see illustrated above.