| 1r - 5v
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Liber Ignium by Marcus Graecus
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| 5v
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[edit] Complete Translation 
by Ondrej Vodicka
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Transcription [edit]
by Ondrej Vodicka
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In order to see a thousand armed knights in front of you in the field etc., cut off a branch of a willow tree with a single cut and wash it before sunrise in running water for seven days and say: "Gribello, come, you are coming with a thousandfold magnificence, I ask you by Astaroth, that you come with help of thousand-strong force." After you have said this ten times, take the rod and hit the ground three times and say the credo ten times, lift the rod in your hand, and now you can see 100 knights etc. in full armour etc.
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[5v] ¶ Ut videas mille milites armatis in campo ante te etc. Haw mit eynem slage von eyner weiden eynen czweyk und wasche yn in eynem flissendem wasser VII tage ante ortum solis, und sprich: Gribello, venite, venitis cum mille granditate, quaesso vos per Astaroth, quatenus veniatis cum milleno forte auxilio. Und wen du daz hast X gesprochen so nym dy ruten und slach sy III an dy erde und sprich X credo, czu hant hebe auf dy ruten, zo systu C ritter etc. mit vollem harnüsch etc.
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If you want them to disappear, throw the rod away on the ground, and the rod has no power anymore etc.
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¶ Si vis, ut recedant, proice vel iacta virgulam super terram, et tunc nulli plus valebit illa virga etc.
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|
| 6r
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Recipes for powders used for painting
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| 6v - 10v
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Latin recipes (paint, alchemy, medicine)
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| 11r - 12r
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| Von dem herten
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| "On Hardening"
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| Author(s)
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Unknown
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| Date
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15th century
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| Language
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Early New High German
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| Manuscript(s)
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Von dem herten ("On Hardening") is a treatise on metallurgy and alchemy written around the turn of the 15th century. Its anonymous author identifies himself as "Master Alchemy".
Treatise
Complete Translation (Nuremberg only)
by Jeffrey Hull
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Nuremberg Version (ca. 1400) [edit]
Transcribed by Jeffrey Hull
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Munich Version (1400)
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[1] Regarding Hardening
Now speaks Master Alchemy, that the first hardening is most always in cold water—and that is common. And recognise the hardening thusly—when the edge is blue, then it has rightly hardened.
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[11r] Von dem herten etc
nNU spricht meister alkaym / das dy erste herte / ist allermeist yn kaldem wasser und dy ist gemeyne / Und dy herte irkenne alzo / wenne dy sneide blo ist zo hat is eyne rechte herte
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[2] In glue-water the edges becomes annealed.
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¶ In laem wassere werde dy linden sneiden
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[3] Scythes—those one shall differentially temper.
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¶ Senszcn dy sal man in uenslete herten
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[4] Files—one shall harden those in urine or in linseed oil or in buck's blood/ram's blood.
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¶ Ffeilen sal man in harne / ader in leyn oele / ader in buckes blute
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[5] The Hammers—wherewith one smites the files or all weaponry from billets and wherewith one smites scrap into steel billets those will harden thusly: Take one part white radish, and one part horse-radish, and one part earthworms, one part cockchafer-grubs, and one part buck's blood from when that buck goes to rutting. That hardening has the Four Elements indeed. So mash that together and squeeze out the liquid, and then what you would harden therein, rough-grind it and then harden it in that liquid.
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¶ Dy hamer do man dy feilen mete hewet ader alle wofen und do man stol niete schroten wil / dy herte alzo / Nym eyn teil rueberetich und eyn teil merretich und eynteil regenwuerme / engerlinge / und eyteil buckes blut / won der bok czu bruonsten / got / dy herte hat dy vier elementen gar / Das stos und eyn nander / und druecke das wasser aus / und was du denne dorynne herten wilt das sleiffe vor / und horte is denne dorynne
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[6] Whatever then you indeed would have tempered, that then indeed will become tempered with two parts refined sand and with one part refined resin turpentine.
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¶ Was du denne gar herte haben wilt / das welle mit gerebenem sande czweiteil / und mit sweuel eyn teil auch gereben / das wirt denne gar herte /
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[7] Would you then indeed make a great hardening of steel? Then take dragon wort with herbs and with ale/eels and likewise much vervain and sow that into lukewarm water and when that is well-boiled, then put it aside and let it lower, indeed, become cold, and then harden therein what you will. And that hardening is good for all hand-weapons.
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¶ Wiltu denne gar eyne grosse herte machen so nym trachenwortz mit krawte und mit al / und alzo vil eyserkrawtes / und sewt daz in lawterm wasser / und wenne das sere gesoten ist / zo setcze is abe / und laz is lawtern und gar kalt werden / und herte denne dorynne was du wilt / Und dy herte ist czu aller hande wofen gut /
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[8] Also, you may harden things in mustard. And for vining of steel—do it with good vinegar.
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¶ Auch magstu herten yn senfe czu reben mit gutem essieg
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[9] Would you harden steel and make really good edges? Then take borage—its leafless roots—with ale/eels, and sow that into cold water, and harden what you will.
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[11v] ¶ Wiltu stol herten / und gar gute sneiden machen / zo nym buglossam blateloze mit worcze und mit al / und sewt das in kaldem wasser / und herte was du wilt.
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[10] Would you harden hammers, wherewith one hews heaps of stone? So take grub-juice and quench the glowing hammer therein.
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¶ Wiltu hemer herten do man steyne mete mach hewt / so nym rupen saff / do lesche dy hemer gluende / dorynne
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[11] One other good hardening: Take the worms—two parts cockchafer-grubs and three parts earthworms and squish those and press the juice through cloth. Thereto add juice of rock-fern roots. Then thrust a glowing iron therein, or whatever else you would harden.
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¶ Eyne ander gute herte Nym der wuerme engerlinge czweiteil / und regenworme das dritteteil / und czu stos sy und drucke das saff durcheyn tuch Dorczu tu auch saff von steyn krawtes worczel / und stos doryn eyn glueende eizen ader was du herten wilt
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[12] Thus cook human hair in water until it has a bloody colour—if iron be quenched therein, then it mutates it to a good hardness.
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¶ Item capillos humanos coque in aqua donee sangwinis colorem habeat in qua si ferrum extingwetur / mutatur in bonum calibem
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[13] Thus to harden iron: Take mashed radish and vervain and earthworms, and distill that, let the stuff thereby mix equally, pour in equal part of donkey-mare's milk and quench glowing iron in that confection.
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¶ Item ad indurandum ferrum / sumatur succus raphani el verbene et regenwuerme / et destilletur que libel res per se / et componantur equali pondere / et tantum de lacte asine / el candens in tali confectione ferrum extingwatur
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[14] Thus a recipe: Mash equal parts radish and turpentine and vinegar and wild celery and extract therefrom, and quench fiery iron and copper, so that each becomes as hard as stone.
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¶ Item recipe raphanam et colophoniam et apium et ex hijs (!) extrahe succum equali pondere / el intrude ferrum ignitum / et erit durum ut lapis /
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[15] Take buck's tallow, from when he is rutting lustily, and quench glowing iron therein, and it becomes maximally hardened.
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¶ Item accipe sepum hircinum / cum vritur in amore / et ferrum candens extingwe in eo / et vertitur in maximam duritiam /
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[16] Would you anneal the hardness of steel? Then take human blood and let that stand until the water becomes evaporated, thus reduced. Then put that liquid/slurry into a glass and hold that and when you then would anneal hardness. So then take the hardened weapon and put that to the fire until that is become so hot that it gulps water when quenched. Then brush the water with a feather, thus the edge releases its hardness and becomes annealed.
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[12r] ¶ Wiltu dy herte von dem eizen entloezen so nym menschen blut / und los das sten bis das wasser dorof stet und wirt / zo seige denne das wasser in eyn glas und halt das / und wen du denne dy herte entloesen wilt / zo nym das geherte wofen und halt das czu dem fewer bis das is zo heis werde das is das wasser slinde / Zo strich das wasser mit eyner veder an dy sneide zo entlet sich dy herte und wirt linder /
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[17] Thus you would make steel pliable and malleable: So take one part chamomile blooms, and one part cranesbill that has blue blossoms, and one part Mary's thistle, and put all that together into hot water. So do it in a pot. and cover it so that the steam may not get out, and let it simmer well. Quench glowing steel therein -that becomes quite pliable and malleable.
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¶ Item wiltu eisen weich machen und czehe / zo nym comomillen blumen eynteil / und eyn teil kranches snabel das hat bloe bluten und eynteil veitbomes / und das lege alles mit eynnander / in heis wasser / und tu is in eynen top / und decke is / das der brodem nicht aus moege gen und las is wol siden Dorynne lesche glueende eisen / das wirt gar weich und czehe /
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[18] Thus you would make steel pliable: So take horn and scrape off the leather, and mix that with sal ammoniac, and piss thereupon, and wind that around the steel, and so let that chemical-soaked leather scorch the steel, thus it becomes pliable.
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¶ Item wiltu eizen weich machen / zo nym horn und schabe das of eyn leder und menge das mit sal armoniaco / und seiche dorof / und winde das uem das eisen und laz das leder alzo of dem eisen vorbrueen zo wirt is weich /
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For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
Additional Resources
The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.
- Burkart, Eric (2016). "The Autograph of an Erudite Martial Artist: A Close Reading of Nuremberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Hs. 3227a." Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books. Transmission and Tradition of Martial Arts in Europe: 451-480. Ed. by Daniel Jaquet; Karin Verelst; Timothy Dawson. Leiden and Boston: Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004324725_017. ISBN 978-90-04-31241-8.
- Burkart, Eric (2020). "Informationsverarbeitung durch autographe Notizen: Die ältesten Aufzeichnungen zur Kampfkunst des Johannes Liechtenauer als Spuren einer Aneignung praktischen Wissens." Mittelalter. Interdisziplinäre Forschung und Rezeptionsgeschichte S2: 117-158. doi:10.26012/mittelalter-25866.
- Cabreira, Diniz (2018). Há Uma Única Arte da Espada (GNM HS 3227a). Santiago de Compostela: AGEA Editora. ISBN 978-84-948682-6-9.
- Chidester, Michael (2021). The Long Sword Gloss of GNM Manuscript 3227a. Somerville: HEMA Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1-953683-13-7.
- Chidester, Michael; Dierk Hagedorn (2021). 'The Foundation and Core of All the Arts of Fighting': The Long Sword Gloss of GNM Manuscript 3227a. Somerville: HEMA Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1-953683-05-2.
- Ehlert, Trude; Rainer Leng (2003). "Frühe Koch- und Pulverrezepte aus der Nürnberger Handschrift GNM 3227a (um 1389)." Medizin in Geschichte, Philologie und Ethnologie. Königshausen & Neumann. ISBN 978-3826021763.
- Hammer, Maciej (2015). Tłumaczenie traktatu szermierczego zawartego w rękopisie Nürnberger Handschrift 3227a z wyszczególnieniem trudności zaistniałych podczas przekładu [unpublished thesis]. Uniwersytet Jagielloński Wydział Filologiczny.
- Hester, James (2009). "Real Men Read Poetry: Instructional Verse in 14th-century Fight Manuals." Arms & Armour 6(2): 175-183. doi:10.1179/174962609X417590.
- Hull, Jeffrey; Grzegorz Żabiński; Monika Maziarz (2007). Knightly Dueling: The Fighting Arts of German Chivalry. Boulder: Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-581606744.
- Leng, Rainer (2000). "Andreas der Jude, Jost von der Neißen und Niclas Preuß: Drei verhinderte 'Verfasser' eines Fechtbuches." Würzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen 19: 209-220.
- Talaga, Maciej (2022). "'Have the Highest Righteous Fencer in Your Mind's Eye': Medieval Martial Ethic as a Conceptual Repository for Just War Theory." Martial Arts Studies 12: 8-18. doi:10.18573/mas.154.
- Tobler, Christian Henry (2022). Lance, Spear, Sword, & Messer: A German Medieval Martial Arts Miscellany. Wheaton: Freelance Academy Press. ISBN 978-1-937439-64-4.
- Verelst, Karin (2016). "Finding a Way through the Labyrinth: Some Methodological Remarks on Critically Editing the Fight Book Corpus." Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books. Transmission and Tradition of Martial Arts in Europe: 117-188. Ed. by Daniel Jaquet; Karin Verelst; Timothy Dawson. Leiden and Boston: Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004324725_008. ISBN 978-90-04-31241-8.
- Vodička, Ondřej (2019). "Origin of the oldest German Fencing Manual Compilation (GNM Hs. 3227a)." Waffen- und Kostümkunde 61(1): 87-108.
- Wallhausen, James (2010). Knightly Martial Arts: An Introduction to Medieval Combat Systems. Self-published. ISBN 978-1-4457-3736-2.
- Wassmannsdorff, Karl (1870). Die Ringkunst des deutschen Mittelalters. Liepzig: Priber.
- Welle, Rainer (1993). '…und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen'. Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert. Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft. ISBN 3-89085-755-8.
- Żabiński, Grzegorz (2008). "Unarmored Longsword Combat by Master Liechtenauer via Priest Döbringer." Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts: 59-116. Ed. by John Clements. Boulder: Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3.
References
- ↑ The date of 1389 is based on the presence of a 105-year religious calendar on folio 83v that begins in 1390, while the date 1494 is included with the signature of Nicolaus Pol inside the front cover.
- ↑ The attribution to Hans "Hanko" Döbringer is based on how prominently the name "Hanko pfaffen Döbringers" appears to be displayed on folio 43r, but upon examination this is revealed as a simple correction inserted in the margin indicating that Döbringer's name had been accidentally omitted from the list of four authors of the treatise beginning on that page. Attributing this manuscript to Döbringer therefore requires him to have forgotten to include his own name in his own treatise.
- ↑ The manuscript uniformly lacks the traditional prayer for the dead when mentioning his name.
- ↑ Tobler, Christian Henry. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
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| 12v - 13r
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Alchemical recipes in Latin
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| 13v - 17v
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Fencing advice by Pseudo-Hans Döbringer
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| 18r - 40r
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Gloss of Liechtenauer's long sword by Pseudo-Hans Döbringer
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| 43r - 52v
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Long sword by Andres Juden, Jobs von der Nyssen, Nicklass Prewßen, and "the Priest" Hans Döbringer
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| 53r - 59v
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Recital on mounted fencing by Johannes Liechtenauer
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| 60r - 61r
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Recital on short sword by Johannes Liechtenauer
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| 64r - 65r
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Conclusion of the teachings of Liechtenauer by Pseudo-Hans Döbringer
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| 66v - 67r
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Astrological texts, magical and medicinal recipes, name magic
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| 67v
|
[edit] Draft Translation 
by Ondrej Vodicka
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Transcription [edit]
by Ondrej Vodicka
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So that your enemy can not prevail over you, write on three separate leafs Michael, Gabriel, Raphael.
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[67v] Daz dich dein veint icht uberbind muczen, so schreib an drew larlawb Michael, Gabriel, Raphael.
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So that your hair does not fall out, mix some burned flax seed with oil and spread the skin with it.
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Daz daz har nit auß ge, misch verprent linsat sam mit öl und salb daz haup da mit.
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And for the sin under the face of the night, put flour mixed with honey on it.
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Et für dy mail unter dem antlucz dez nachtes, leg dar auf pomnel gemischet mit hönig.
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And for worms in stomach, put 15 nails in his wine.
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Et für dy würm in dem pauch gib im XV nagel in wein trinken.
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Carry the gall of a roe deer with you in order to win the favor of the lord, or put it into the drink of a beautiful lady.
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Dez rehes gall trag pey dir so gebinstu herren gnad, oder gib es einer czarten fraün in trinken.
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| 68r - 73v
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Astrological texts, magical and medicinal recipes, name magic
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| 74r
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Sword and buckler teachings by Pseudo-Hans Döbringer
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| 74v - 77v
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Recipes for paint, tumors, metal and ivory treatment
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| 78r
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Staff teachings by Pseudo-Hans Döbringer
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| 79r - 81v
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Miscellaneous Latin recipes, treatment of gems, preparation of a miraculous potion
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| 82rv
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Messer teachings by Pseudo-Hans Döbringer
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| 83v
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Interval between Epiphany and Ash Wednesday for years 1390-1495
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| 84r - 85r
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Dagger teachings by Pseudo-Hans Döbringer
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| 85r - 85v, 86v
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Magical recipes
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| 86r, 87r - 89r
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Grappling teachings by Pseudo-Hans Döbringer
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| 90v - 91v
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Medical Recipes for the Mouth and Teeth
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| 92r
|
[edit] No Translation 
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Transcription [edit]
by Helmut Werner Klug, et al.
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[92r] Wil du guten met siden so nim drew
tayl wasser vnd ain tayl hoenig vnd las
es wol siden vnd wann es wol gesoten
ist So nÿm dann czway viertail oder
mer all dar nach du met seüst vnd
trag das in ein stüben vnd seczt es
?[1] hinder den ofen vnd la es sten pis
es ein hewbel gebingt daz haist dan
ein tampfel dar nach tue hopfen in den
andern hefen vnd laz dan wol siden
vnd rür albeg dar gar vast vnd chum
nicht dauon oder der met prün an vnd
wuerd prv̈nssen vnd[2] wann er wol
gesoten ist So tue in inein vas vnd
geüs dann das tampfl hin in vnd lazz
dann durch ein ander arbayten
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Item czu
der varb nim lauttern saym vnd seud
den gar wol vnd ruer den auch albeg
dar mit einem holcz vnd wenn dy varb
wol gesoten ist So versuch sy nim ein pret
lein vnd trapf sy dar auf stent dy tropfen
vnd sind hert so ist sy güt vnd wenn
sy schonn vnd rot ist So geus sy also
haisse in den met vnd la in dann sten acht
tag oder vierczehen So hastu gueten met
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| 92r - 165v
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Various alchemical recipes, food recipes, nonsense recipes, in various hands
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| 161v - 165v
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"Horse pharmacopeia" (Rossarzneibuch) by Master Albrant
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| 166r - 169v
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Index to the recipes in the manuscript, partly illegible
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