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Difference between revisions of "Giovanni dall'Agocchie"

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| <p>''Parrying with the sword: in how many ways it can be done.''</p>
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<p>You have to know that the sword can only parry in two ways: either with its true edge, or with the false one. The said ''falso'' is divided into two types, namely ''dritto'' and ''manco''. You can avail yourself of the ''falso dritto'' to hit the enemy’s sword toward the outside, that is, toward his right side; and of the ''falso manco'', toward his left side. And any time that you hit the blow with a ''falso manco'', you can wound thereafter with either a cut or a thrust, but when you hit it with a ''falso dritto'', you can’t wound except with a cut. Now I want to advise you that when you’re in motion to hit the enemy’s blow with a ''falso dritto'' and want to wound with a ''mandritto'', that you should immediately turn your wrist downwards and your body behind your right side. By doing this you’ll hit the enemy’s sword almost with your true edge. And in the same tempo you’ll turn a ''dritto tramazzone'', so that you’ll be more secure, because you’ll distance the enemy’s sword further from you, and also come to parry and strike almost in one tempo. Moreover, your sword will always be in your adversary’s presence. But you need to have a limber body and a very fast wrist, because otherwise it will do you no good. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: Why not? </p>
 
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| <p>Gio: Because someone who parries with a ''falso dritto'' and doesn’t have a limber body and fast wrist could easily throw the enemy’s sword into his own face. And for this reason there are many who curse it. But since I hold a different opinion, I exhort you to practice it, since by doing so you’ll come to limber up your body and improve your wrist; and moreover you’ll make yourself good at parrying, and fast at striking. So then, about parrying with the true edge of the sword, I’ll tell you that every time that you parry with it, either on the right or the left side, you’ll be able to respond with either a cut or a thrust, because where one wounds with a thrust, one can also wound with a cut. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: Which do you hold to be the better attack, the thrust or the cut? </p>
 
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| <p>''Wounding with the thrust is better than with the cut.''</p>
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<p>Gio: Both are good. Nonetheless, I hold wounding with the thrust to be better, because the thrust takes less time through being nearer to the enemy, and it’s also more fatal, nor does it ever depart from presence, for the safety of the one who holds it. But on the contrary, the cuts make a man more uncovered, and also take more time, because in the motion of the hand the sword is distanced further from the enemy. And therefore I hold striking with the thrust to be better and safer. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: I believe it’s so. </p>
 
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| <p>''On the motion of the feet and the body.''</p>
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<p>Gio: Now coming to the motion of the feet and body together, when you find yourself in guards with your right foot forward, and it happens that you take two tempi, that is, parrying and then striking, that you’ll draw your left foot near your right one in the tempo in which you parry, and then while striking you’ll step forward with your right. And so your left foot accompanies your parry, and your right one accompanies your attack. And on the contrary, when you parry and strike in a single tempo, while you move your sword you’ll also go forward with your right foot, making your left one follow it, and in this case the right foot will accompany both. But when you’re in guards with the left foot forward, the right foot will almost always accompany both the parry and the attack, and the left leg must follow the right. And regardless of which foot you have forward, you‘ll turn your body and rear leg to the opposite of the side on which you parry or hit the enemy’s blow, because by doing so you’ll make two defenses in one tempo, one with the sword and the other with the body. Moreover, you’ll distance yourself from the said sword and draw significantly closer to his opening, and it will be easier and safer for you to strike him. I also want to advise you to keep your arm well extended during your defense of both sides, because thereby you’ll push your enemy’s blows further away from your body, and also be stronger and faster in striking. Observing these rules, you cannot err. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: This advice has pleased me greatly, and moreover it will make it easier for me to understand the explanation of the fifth heading, of which I await your discussion. </p>
 
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| <p>''Ways of defending yourself from the enemy, and of harming him.''</p>
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<p>Gio: In this fifth heading I want to show you all of the ways of defending yourself from the enemy, and harming him, when he wants to wound you either with a cut or a thrust, be it high or low, when you’re fixed in ''coda lunga stretta''. Taking our beginning in this guard, I’ll tell you that when you’re fixed in it against your enemy, and he wants to hit you in the head with a ''dritto fendente'', you can draw your left foot near your right one, turning your body as I’ve said behind your right side, and in that tempo you’ll raise your sword into ''guardia di testa'', parrying the blow. Then you’ll immediately step forward with your right foot, throwing a ''mandritto sgualimbro'' to his head, followed by a ''riverso'', with you’ll return into the said guard. Or, once you’ve parried the said blow in ''guardia di testa'', you’ll be able to wound him with two ''dritti tramazzoni'', or thrust an ''imbroccata'' into his chest followed by a ''dritto tramazzone''. You could also step toward the enemy’s left side with your right foot and parry him with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and immediately turn a ''riverso'' to his face, followed with another ''riverso''; or thrust a ''punta riversa'' into his chest, together with a ''riverso tramazzone'', which will end you in the aforesaid guard. You can also step forward with your right foot, making the left one follow it, and parry the said ''fendente'' in ''guardia di faccia'', thrusting the point into his face in that tempo, and for your shelter you’ll turn a ''riverso tramazzone'' with which you’ll go into the aforesaid guard. You could also, in the same tempo in which he wants to throw a blow at your head, thrust a ''punta riversa'' to his chest, or wound the enemy’s hand with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and for your defense immediately go with your sword into ''guardia di faccia'', parrying the enemy’s blow, and having done this, you’ll settle yourself back into the same guard. But if he wants to hit you in the head with a ''mandritto'', either ''sgualimbro'' or ''tondo'', you’ll be able to follow the same rule given above, for parrying as for striking; except that when you go to parry with your sword in ''guardia di testa'', you’ll lower your point somewhat toward the ground, turning your body behind your right side, keeping your arm will extended, so that thereby you’ll render yourself more secure. You could also let his blow go in vain, and immediately wound him with whatever seems most convenient to you. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: I’d like you to explain this to me more clearly. </p>
 
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| <p>Gio: When you see the said blow approaching, you’ll void your body, drawing it back somewhat, and poise yourself entirely upon your left foot, feinting as if you’ll parry; but letting his blow pass, you’ll push a thrust into his flank, or turn a ''dritto tramazzone'' to his sword arm. Having done which, you’ll settle yourself into ''coda lunga stretta''; and this is enough about how to give rise to this blow. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: Now I understand you perfectly; therefore, continue. </p>
 
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| <p>Gio: Now, having returned into ''coda lunga stretta'', if the enemy wants to wound you in the leg with a ''mandritto'', you can parry it with the false edge of the sword, stepping forward with your right foot, and turning two ''dritti tramazzoni'' to his head in that tempo, making your left leg follow behind your right, and immediately returning into the aforesaid guard. Or, once you’ve parried, you can turn a ''riverso'' from beneath upwards, followed by an ''imbroccata''. You could also draw your right foot near your left one, and stick your point in his face in that tempo; then immediately adopt the aforesaid guard. But if he wants to throw a ''mandritto ridoppio'' at you, you can protect yourself with a ''mezzo mandritto sgualimbro'', and give him a ''riverso tondo'' to the head in response, or a ''punta riversa'' to the chest followed by a ''riverso tramazzone'', with which you’ll settle yourself in the aforesaid guard. But if perchance he wants to wound you in the head with a ''riverso fendente'', you can go with your sword into ''guardia di testa'', and parry it there, then immediately step toward his right side with your right foot, turning two ''mandritti'' to his head with your wrist, or wound him with an ''imbroccata'' to the chest. You can also parry him in ''guardia d’entrare'', stepping toward his right side with your right foot, and stick your point in his face in that tempo, and having done so, return into the same guard. But if instead the enemy throws a ''riverso'', ''sgualimbro'' or ''tondo'', at your head, you can hit it with the true edge of your sword, and immediately turn a ''riverso'' to his head; or stick an ''imbroccata'' through his flanks. You can also defend yourself if you go into ''guardia d’entrare'', and thrust the point into his chest in the same tempo. You can also feint as if to parry, and let the blow turn in vain, then wound him with whatever seems most opportune; however, immediately restore yourself to the aforesaid guard. But when he wants to respond to you with a ''riverso'' to the leg, you can parry that with a ''riverso ridoppio'', and immediately advance with your right foot, turning a ''dritto tramazzone'' to his head, or thrust an ''imbroccata'' to his chest. You can also draw your leg back, sticking your point in his face, or turn a ''riverso'' to his sword arm, and immediately return into ''coda lunga stretta''. But if he throws a ''riverso ridoppio'', you can parry it with a ''riverso'', and wound him with whatever seems most suitable, and immediately resume the aforesaid guard. But if perchance he wants to wound you with an overhand thrust, you can hit it with the false edge of the sword, dropping its point toward the ground, turning your wrist well and your body behind your right side, and, all in one tempo, turning two ''dritti tramazzoni'' to his head, making the last one fall into ''porta di ferro''. One can also parry it with a ''mezzo mandritto'', thrusting him in the breast with a ''punta riversa'', or slicing him in the face with a ''riverso'', followed by another ''riverso'' with which you’ll return into the aforesaid guard. During the thrusting of the said ''imbroccata'' you could also draw your right foot near your left one, and beat it away upwards in that tempo with a ''riverso ridoppio'', and immediately advance and push an overhand thrust into his face. You’ll similarly defend yourself from the said ''imbroccata'' if you draw back your right foot a pace, wounding him in the hand in that tempo with a ''mezzo mandritto'' which will descend into ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. Then immediately do a ''falso'' and a ''riverso'', returning your right foot forward, settling yourself into the previously named guard. But when the enemy wants to thrust a ''stoccata'' into your chest, you can parry it with a ''falso dritto'', turning your wrist and body well as I’ve said, and in the same tempo you’ll turn two ''mandritti'' to his head with your wrist. Next, you could parry it with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and immediately extend a thrust to his face, then for your shelter turn a ''riverso sgualimbro'', with which you’ll resume the aforesaid guard. To this same ''stoccata'' you can also join your true edge against the enemy’s sword, extending the point into his breast all in one tempo, and you’ll find yourself with your sword in ''guardia di faccia'', whence for your protection you’ll turn a ''riverso tramazzone'', returning into the aforesaid guard. You’ll also protect yourself if you throw a ''mezzo mandritto'' at the enemy’s hand, drawing your right foot back a pace in that tempo, and then immediately return to the guard of which we’ve discussed; or, when he throws the said ''stoccata'' at you, in that instant turn a ''riverso tramazzone'' to his sword arm, but your left foot will have to follow your right one. And these are the defenses and attacks that can be performed against ''mandritti'', ''riversi'', and thrusts, finding yourself fixed in ''coda lunga stretta''. </p>
 
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Revision as of 20:22, 9 November 2023

Giovanni dall'Agocchie
Born March 9, 1547
Bologna, Italy
Died 16th century (?)
Occupation Fencing master
Patron Fabio Pepoli, Count of Castiglione (?)
Movement Dardi tradition
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (1572)
Translations Traduction française

Giovanni dall'Agocchie di Bologna (dalle Agocchie, Agucchi, Agocchia; b. March 9, 1547) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life apart from that he was a citizen of Bologna. In 1572, dall'Agocchie wrote and published a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, titled Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre ("Three Books on the Art of Defense"). He dedicated it to Fabio Pepoli, Count of Castiglione, but it's unclear if he was ever attached to the comital court.

Treatise

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. NdT – Cette image de l’ange associé aux initiales F.P renvoie au Vénitien Francesco Portonari - Voir Giuseppina Zappella, p89, Le marche dei tipografi e degli editori italiani del Cinquecento. Repertorio di figure, simboli e soggetti e dei relativi motti. Milano, Editrice Bibliografica, 1986, 2 v. "Grandi Opere, 1”.