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{{Infobox medieval text
 
{{Infobox medieval text
 
<!-- --------Name---------->
 
<!-- --------Name---------->
 
| name                  = ''Kunstlicher stuck Kämpffens Ringens<br/>und Werffens''
 
| name                  = ''Kunstlicher stuck Kämpffens Ringens<br/>und Werffens''
| alternative title(s)  = [[title::Artful Devices of Fighting, Wrestling, and Throwing]]
+
| alternative title(s)  = [[title::Artful Pieces of Fighting, Wrestling, and Throwing]]
 
<!----------Image---------->
 
<!----------Image---------->
| image                = File:Kunstlicher stuck Kämpffens Ringens und Werffens.jpg
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| image                = File:Egenolff 18.jpg
 
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{{foreignchar|Kunstlicher stuck Kaempffens Ringens und Werffens|ä}}
 
{{foreignchar|Kunstlicher stuck Kaempffens Ringens und Werffens|ä}}
'''''Kunstlicher stuck Kämpffens Ringens und Werffens''''' ("Artful Devices of Fighting, Wrestling, and Throwing") is a brief [[century::16th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[wrestling manual]] of uncertain origins. The most extensive version is an anonymous chapter in [[Christian Egenolff]]'s 1530s fencing anthology, ''[[Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff)|Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst]]''. Two manuscript copies appeared around the same time, a series of sketches by [[Gregor Erhart]] in 1533 and a mostly complete painted manuscript by [[Jörg Breu the Younger]] some time before 1545. One of these two may be the archetype for this treatise, and until further evidence appears we will assume that it is the latter. The treatise was further duplicated in the succeeding decades in several other manuscripts, and in the 1540s it was revised for inclusion the manuscripts of [[Paulus Hector Mair]].
+
'''''Kunstlicher stuck Kämpffens Ringens und Werffens''''' ("Artful Pieces of Fighting, Wrestling, and Throwing") is a brief [[century::16th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[wrestling manual]] of uncertain origins. The most extensive version is an anonymous chapter in [[Christian Egenolff]]'s 1530s fencing anthology, ''[[Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff)|Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst]]'' ("The Ancient Fencer's Foundational Art"). Two manuscript copies appeared around the same time, a series of sketches by [[Gregor Erhart]] in 1533 and a mostly complete painted manuscript by [[Jörg Breu the Younger]] some time before 1545. One of these two may be the archetype for this treatise, and until further evidence appears we will assume that it is the latter. The treatise was further duplicated in the succeeding decades in several other manuscripts, and in the 1540s it was revised for inclusion the manuscripts of [[Paulus Hector Mair]].
  
 
== Treatise ==
 
== Treatise ==
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|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Jörg Breu Draftbook (Cod.I.6.2º.4)|Archetype]]</p>
 
! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Jörg Breu Draftbook (Cod.I.6.2º.4)|Archetype]]</p>
! <p>Images<br/>from [[Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff)|Egenolff's Printing]]</p>
+
! <p>Images<br/>from [[Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff)|Egenolff's Printing]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation (from ''Der Altenn Fechter'')}}<br/>by [[User:agiljum3|Anthony Giljum]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation (from ''Der Altenn Fechter'')}}<br/>by [[User:agiljum3|Anthony Giljum]]</p>
! <p>[[Jörg Breu Draftbook (Cod.I.6.2º.4)|Archetype Transcription]] (1530s){{edit index|Jörg Breu Draftbook (Cod.I.6.2º.4)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Jörg Breu Draftbook (Cod.I.6.2º.4)|Archetype]] (1530s){{edit index|Jörg Breu Draftbook (Cod.I.6.2º.4)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
! <p>[[Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff)|''Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst'']] (1531-37){{edit index|Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff)|Egenolff Version]] (1531-37){{edit index|Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>[[Gregor Erhart Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.354)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1533){{edit index|Gregor Erhart Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.354)}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Gregor Erhart Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.354)|Glasgow Version]] (1533){{edit index|Gregor Erhart Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.354)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>[[Codex Amberger|Amberger Transcription]] (ca. 1540s){{edit index|Codex Amberger}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Codex Amberger|Amberger Version]] (ca. 1540s){{edit index|Codex Amberger}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>[[Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (Cod.1246)|Wrocław Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (Cod.1246)}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (Cod.1246)|Wrocław Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (Cod.1246)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| Artful plays of fighting, wrestling, and throwing will follow.
 
| Artful plays of fighting, wrestling, and throwing will follow.
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/71|1|lbl=35v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/80|1|lbl=38r.1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|
 
|
Line 84: Line 85:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>'''Looking for Weaknesses.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Looking for Weaknesses.'''</p>
In this, like in all fencing, it is to pay the utmost attention to strengths and weaknesses. So as you come up to someone, concentrate your efforts to where he is strong so that you strike with vengeance at his nearest weakness (like how every single strength brings its weakness) and exploit it. Thus you bring him to ruin.
+
In this, like in all fencing, it is to pay the utmost attention to strengths and weaknesses. So as you come up to someone, concentrate your efforts to where he is strong so that you target his nearest weakness (like how every strength brings with it its weakness) and launch yourself towards it. Thus you make him collapse.
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/71|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/80|2|lbl=38r.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
It is also of equal worth to have the Indes, which is: at the right time, you do not strike in the work but instead gently walk around him, then one will note that your every action is free.
+
It is also of equal worth to have the Indes, which is correct timing. If you do not move in time in wrestling and negligently move late, then if he notices this, your every action will be in vain.
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/71|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/80|3|lbl=38r.3}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>'''Throwing on the Back.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Throwing on the Back.'''</p>
 
In the first attack, go to the right and towards him and quickly seize his leg with your hand, and with your other hand in his face, strike his chest with your head. Thus he falls on his back.
 
In the first attack, go to the right and towards him and quickly seize his leg with your hand, and with your other hand in his face, strike his chest with your head. Thus he falls on his back.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 7r.png|1|lbl=07r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 7r.png|1|lbl=07r.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/72|1|lbl=36r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/81|1|lbl=38v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 109v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=109v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 109v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=109v}}
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
If someone has blinded you above and seized you below, then press both hands hard on his head, since he is weak there. Thus he sits on his butt.
 
If someone has blinded you above and seized you below, then press both hands hard on his head, since he is weak there. Thus he sits on his butt.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 7r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 7r.png|2|lbl=07r.2}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/72|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/81|2|lbl=38v.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>'''Pressing Over the Arm.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Pressing Over the Arm.'''</p>
 
You want to seize both of his arms in the first attack and push both of them firmly over each other, so that you greatly weaken him to be thrown and swung afterwards as you please.
 
You want to seize both of his arms in the first attack and push both of them firmly over each other, so that you greatly weaken him to be thrown and swung afterwards as you please.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 7v.png|1|lbl=07v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 7v.png|1|lbl=07v.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/73|1|lbl=36v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/82|1|lbl=39r.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 106v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=106v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 106v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=106v}}
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
If he goes to move your arms, then be aware before he weakens you and run at him strongly with a hard push and with your chest against his, out of his advantage. You may then seize the Vor again and properly establish yourself.
+
If he goes to move your arms, then be aware before he weakens you and run at him strongly with a hard push and with your chest against his. From his advantage, you can seize back the Vor and properly establish yourself.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 7v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 7v.png|2|lbl=07v.2}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/73|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/82|2|lbl=39r.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
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If someone grabs you in the middle, thinking to knock you onto your back with their head, then seize both of his shoulders in the Indes, or else however you can grab him there on his jacket, and step forward with a leg. Thus you swing him over so that he must fall.
 
If someone grabs you in the middle, thinking to knock you onto your back with their head, then seize both of his shoulders in the Indes, or else however you can grab him there on his jacket, and step forward with a leg. Thus you swing him over so that he must fall.
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/74|1|lbl=37r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/83|1|lbl=39v.1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
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If he grabs you to swing you, then let go of his waist and grab him in the back of his knees and lift over yourself. Thus he falls on his back. Or throw him over your head, or run away from there with him.
 
If he grabs you to swing you, then let go of his waist and grab him in the back of his knees and lift over yourself. Thus he falls on his back. Or throw him over your head, or run away from there with him.
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/74|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/83|2|lbl=39v.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>'''Strengthening the Weak.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Strengthening the Weak.'''</p>
 
Grab both of his arms, so that he pushes against you, then pull him against you into the weak. At the same time, seize his head under your left shoulder, step forward with your left leg, and swing him immediately over.
 
Grab both of his arms, so that he pushes against you, then pull him against you into the weak. At the same time, seize his head under your left shoulder, step forward with your left leg, and swing him immediately over.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 8r.png|1|lbl=08r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 8r.png|1|lbl=08r.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/75|1|lbl=37v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/84|1|lbl=40r.1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Codex 1246 91v.png|1|lbl=91v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Codex 1246 91v.png|1|lbl=91v.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
In the Indes when you are falling into him, grab the forward left leg with your left hand, push his left arm upwards with your right hand, and put your head against his chest. Thus you throw him.
 
In the Indes when you are falling into him, grab the forward left leg with your left hand, push his left arm upwards with your right hand, and put your head against his chest. Thus you throw him.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 8r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 8r.png|2|lbl=08r.2}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/75|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/84|2|lbl=40r.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Codex 1246 91v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Codex 1246 91v.png|2|lbl=91v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| <p>'''"Mouse" Grabbing.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''"Mouse" Grabbing.'''</p>
 
If someone has placed himself in guard, then it is a grab to the upper front part of the legs near his manhood, so that one can be thrown and grabbed wantonly and easily, as is shown in the figure.
 
If someone has placed himself in guard, then it is a grab to the upper front part of the legs near his manhood, so that one can be thrown and grabbed wantonly and easily, as is shown in the figure.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 8v.png|1|lbl=08v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 8v.png|1|lbl=08v.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/76|1|lbl=38r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/85|1|lbl=40v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 105v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=105v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 105v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=105v}}
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
This play would be countered with the same technique. I advise this play only to the one who has the Vor and, as previously noted, pays attention to the weaknesses and pushing-afters in the Indes.
 
This play would be countered with the same technique. I advise this play only to the one who has the Vor and, as previously noted, pays attention to the weaknesses and pushing-afters in the Indes.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 8v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 8v.png|2|lbl=08v.2}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/76|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/85|2|lbl=40v.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
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| <p>'''Weakening his Strength.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Weakening his Strength.'''</p>
 
If someone has grabbed you so firmly that you cannot dare to escape, and if he also is pushing you down, then jerk him to you with your hand by the backs of his knees so that he stands the strongest, then strike upwards from yourself. Thus he lets go with his hands.
 
If someone has grabbed you so firmly that you cannot dare to escape, and if he also is pushing you down, then jerk him to you with your hand by the backs of his knees so that he stands the strongest, then strike upwards from yourself. Thus he lets go with his hands.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 9r.png|1|lbl=09r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 9r.png|1|lbl=09r.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/77|1|lbl=38v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/86|1|lbl=41r.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 101v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=101v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 101v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=101v}}
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
Do not hold him long at your lower opening, especially if you cannot be finished with him whenever you please. Let go above, but grab his waist in the Indes, then lift him up with the legs over himself or on your shoulder.
 
Do not hold him long at your lower opening, especially if you cannot be finished with him whenever you please. Let go above, but grab his waist in the Indes, then lift him up with the legs over himself or on your shoulder.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 9r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 9r.png|2|lbl=09.2}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/77|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/86|2|lbl=41r.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
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| <p>'''Taking Forward That which is Behind.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Taking Forward That which is Behind.'''</p>
 
If he is standing near your right side, put your right arm around his waist and turn him with a jerk. Put your right foot forward in front of his waist or otherwise with his body behind it. That gives your lift strength, so he falls over your leg.
 
If he is standing near your right side, put your right arm around his waist and turn him with a jerk. Put your right foot forward in front of his waist or otherwise with his body behind it. That gives your lift strength, so he falls over your leg.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 9v.png|1|lbl=09v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 9v.png|1|lbl=09v.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/78|1|lbl=39r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/87|1|lbl=41v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 102v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=102v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 102v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=102v}}
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
If you see that [he is performing this play], then quickly catch both of his legs around the knee. You then must fall, so fall on top of him.
 
If you see that [he is performing this play], then quickly catch both of his legs around the knee. You then must fall, so fall on top of him.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 9v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 9v.png|2|lbl=09v.2}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/78|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/87|2|lbl=41v.2}}
 
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| <p>'''Falling Over the Shoulder.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Falling Over the Shoulder.'''</p>
 
Seize his left hand with your right hand and jerk it over to you. In the swing, go through with his head under the arm and stoop yourself forward. Thus you throw him over your back and shoulder onto his head.
 
Seize his left hand with your right hand and jerk it over to you. In the swing, go through with his head under the arm and stoop yourself forward. Thus you throw him over your back and shoulder onto his head.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 10r.png|1|lbl=10r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 10r.png|1|lbl=10r.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/79|1|lbl=39v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/88|1|lbl=42r.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 104v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=104v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 104v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=104v}}
 
|  
 
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| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
If he goes through you, then do not let him come to any further work, but in the Indes you should also go through like he does, thus you may break his arm over your shoulder or else throw him as just described.
 
If he goes through you, then do not let him come to any further work, but in the Indes you should also go through like he does, thus you may break his arm over your shoulder or else throw him as just described.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 10r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 10r.png|2|lbl=10r.2}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/79|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/88|2|lbl=42r.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 264: Line 265:
 
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Egenolff 26.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Egenolff 26.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| <p>'''Ramming to the Ground.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Ramming to the Ground.'''</p>
It is a bad advantage. If you are suddenly in an emergency, grab him backwards by the waist and lift him over yourself. Place him on the ground hard and strike him immediately with a knee on the back of his knee to make him weak. Thus you fell him to the ground.
+
It is a disadvantage to be unexpectedly in an emergency. Grab him backwards by the waist and lift him over yourself. Place him on the ground hard and strike him immediately with a knee on the back of his knee to make him weak. Thus you fell him to the ground.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 10v.png|1|lbl=10v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 10v.png|1|lbl=10v.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/80|1|lbl=40r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/89|1|lbl=42v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 99v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=9v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 99v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=9v}}
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
If someone is lifting you up to make you fall, then grab his neck between both your arms and pull his head over your shoulder. Thus you force him [to move] more than he forces you.
 
If someone is lifting you up to make you fall, then grab his neck between both your arms and pull his head over your shoulder. Thus you force him [to move] more than he forces you.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 10v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 10v.png|2|lbl=10v.2}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/80|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/89|2|lbl=42v.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 10v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 10v.png|3|lbl=10v.3}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>'''Throw out of the Fall.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Throw out of the Fall.'''</p>
 
Whether one has grabbed you by the waist or you would like to come to his side with your body, put your leg behind him, pull his head upwards, as if to get him to stand. If he then wants to pull strongly away from you, then in the Indes let your back arm on his head go and push with your front arm against his chest. Thus he falls on his back.
 
Whether one has grabbed you by the waist or you would like to come to his side with your body, put your leg behind him, pull his head upwards, as if to get him to stand. If he then wants to pull strongly away from you, then in the Indes let your back arm on his head go and push with your front arm against his chest. Thus he falls on his back.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 11r.png|1|lbl=11r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 11r.png|1|lbl=11r.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/81|1|lbl=40v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/90|1|lbl=43r.1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
Endeavor to bring him out of such things. Jerk or strike him with your leg to remove his strength or grab his lip near the cheek with your hand. Rip it and turn yourself around. Thus you break him.
+
Endeavor to bring him out of such things. Jerk or strike him with your leg to remove his strength or grab his lip near the cheek with your hand. Rip it and turn yourself around. Thus you break free from him.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 11r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 11r.png|2|lbl=11r.2}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/81|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/90|2|lbl=43r.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 11r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 11r.png|3|lbl=11r.3}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>'''Carrying Away.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Carrying Away.'''</p>
 
In the first approach it is a sensible thing to break his grip, cross his arms, and to subsequently make him weak, and to agilely work the same in the Indes.
 
In the first approach it is a sensible thing to break his grip, cross his arms, and to subsequently make him weak, and to agilely work the same in the Indes.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 11v.png|1|lbl=11v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 11v.png|1|lbl=11v.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/82|1|lbl=41r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/91|1|lbl=43v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 108v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=108v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 108v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=108v}}
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
If one sends himself to you and is in all ways to agile, then pay attention, and as soon as you see an opening, go through it so that you bring him onto your shoulder. Run away from there with him.
 
If one sends himself to you and is in all ways to agile, then pay attention, and as soon as you see an opening, go through it so that you bring him onto your shoulder. Run away from there with him.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 11v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 11v.png|2|lbl=11v.2}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/82|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/91|2|lbl=43v.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 341: Line 342:
 
| <p>'''Putting on his Head.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Putting on his Head.'''</p>
 
Pay attention as to whether you would like to grab the back of his jacket. Stretch your arm behind his neck, so that he may not counter grab you with both arms. If he wants to work himself from you and pull you, then in the Indes give him a push with that same arm, as if you wanted to throw him on his face. He will then be worrying about the fall and will put forth his arm against the earth, so keep hold of him by the jacket and drive your other hand backwards between his legs and grab his hand and swing him over himself over your leg. So you put him on his head.
 
Pay attention as to whether you would like to grab the back of his jacket. Stretch your arm behind his neck, so that he may not counter grab you with both arms. If he wants to work himself from you and pull you, then in the Indes give him a push with that same arm, as if you wanted to throw him on his face. He will then be worrying about the fall and will put forth his arm against the earth, so keep hold of him by the jacket and drive your other hand backwards between his legs and grab his hand and swing him over himself over your leg. So you put him on his head.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 12r.png|1|lbl=12r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 12r.png|1|lbl=12r.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/83|1|lbl=41v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/92|1|lbl=44r.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 110v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=110v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 110v.jpg|blk=1|lbl=110v}}
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
If someone has seized you by the jacket, then bend over and entwine your head and his arm so that he grabs your body upwards. Grab his leg and lift him over that point. Thus he falls on his head.
 
If someone has seized you by the jacket, then bend over and entwine your head and his arm so that he grabs your body upwards. Grab his leg and lift him over that point. Thus he falls on his head.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 12r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 12r.png|2|lbl=12r.2}}
|  
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/92|2|lbl=44r.2}}
{{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/83|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/84|1|lbl=42r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 362: Line 362:
 
| <p>'''Throat Throwing.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Throat Throwing.'''</p>
 
Grab his throat with your right side forward, step behind his left leg with your right leg, and swing him over your knee and leg.
 
Grab his throat with your right side forward, step behind his left leg with your right leg, and swing him over your knee and leg.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 12v.png|1|lbl=12v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 12v.png|1|lbl=12v.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/84|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/93|1|lbl=44v.1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 371: Line 371:
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
If he has stepped behind you and grabbed you by the neck, kick the back of his left knee with your left foot. Thus you weaken him and make him fall.
 
If he has stepped behind you and grabbed you by the neck, kick the back of his left knee with your left foot. Thus you weaken him and make him fall.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 12v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 12v.png|2|lbl=12v.2}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/84|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/93|2|lbl=44v.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 379: Line 379:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| One should become accustomed to this and all similar things to the right and the left, however the opportunity of the fight presents itself.
 
| One should become accustomed to this and all similar things to the right and the left, however the opportunity of the fight presents itself.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 12v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 12v.png|3|lbl=12v.3}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/84|4|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/93|3|lbl=44v.3}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 390: Line 390:
 
| <p>'''Back to Front.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Back to Front.'''</p>
 
If you want to, then step in front of and to the right of him, put a hand behind him, and grab him between the legs. Thus you throw him over your forward leg in front of you.
 
If you want to, then step in front of and to the right of him, put a hand behind him, and grab him between the legs. Thus you throw him over your forward leg in front of you.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 13r.png|1|lbl=13r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 13r.png|1|lbl=13r.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/85|1|lbl=42v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/94|1|lbl=45r.1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 399: Line 399:
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
If he grabs your body as described, then quickly put your foot, which he didn't step in front of, in front of you into the strong. Grab him in the front, like he grabbed you from behind, between the legs, with one hand. With the other hand, strike him under the chin, push behind you, and immediately, quickly swing him over your back foot, which he had stepped in front of.
 
If he grabs your body as described, then quickly put your foot, which he didn't step in front of, in front of you into the strong. Grab him in the front, like he grabbed you from behind, between the legs, with one hand. With the other hand, strike him under the chin, push behind you, and immediately, quickly swing him over your back foot, which he had stepped in front of.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 13r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 13r.png|2|lbl=13r.2}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/85|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/94|2|lbl=45r.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 410: Line 410:
 
| <p>'''Going Behind.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Going Behind.'''</p>
 
Seize his right hand with your left hand, then turn your back against his, put his left hand around his waist, and quickly bend over. Thus you throw him over your head.
 
Seize his right hand with your left hand, then turn your back against his, put his left hand around his waist, and quickly bend over. Thus you throw him over your head.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 13v.png|1|lbl=13v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 13v.png|1|lbl=13v.1}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/86|1|lbl=43r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/95|1|lbl=45v.1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Amberger 07r.jpg|blk=1|lbl=7r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Amberger 07r.jpg|blk=1|lbl=7r}}
Line 419: Line 419:
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
If he wants to go under you, then stay in your strength and when he bends over for the throw, grab his right leg with your left hand and swing him over himself onto your shoulder. Run away from there with him. If he doesn't want to fall, then he will hold tightly onto your right arm. In this case, you would like to evilly throw him.
 
If he wants to go under you, then stay in your strength and when he bends over for the throw, grab his right leg with your left hand and swing him over himself onto your shoulder. Run away from there with him. If he doesn't want to fall, then he will hold tightly onto your right arm. In this case, you would like to evilly throw him.
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 13v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.4 13v.png|2|lbl=13v.2}}
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/85|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/95|2|lbl=45v.2}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 426: Line 426:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| class="noline" rowspan="2" |  
+
| rowspan="2" |  
| class="noline" rowspan="2" | [[File:Egenolff 11.jpg|400px|center]]
+
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Egenolff 11.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| <p>'''Taking Captive'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Taking Captive'''</p>
 
Finally, if you have thrown him and made him fall, then put your knee between both of his legs on his manhood, grab both of his hands or his throat, and press almost everything to the ground. Thus you hold him.
 
Finally, if you have thrown him and made him fall, then put your knee between both of his legs on his manhood, grab both of his hands or his throat, and press almost everything to the ground. Thus you hold him.
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/87|1|lbl=43v}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/96|1|lbl=46r.1}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Amberger 08r.jpg|blk=1|lbl=8r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Amberger 08r.jpg|blk=1|lbl=8r}}
| {{section|Page:Codex 1246 91r.png|1|lbl=91r}}
+
| {{section|Page:Codex 1246 91r.png|1|lbl=91r.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| class="noline" | <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
+
| <p>'''Counter.'''</p>
 
If you are overpowered and thrown down, then quickly pay attention that your hand is not locked down. In particular, immediately drive a hand into his face, thumb under the chin and other fingers under the eyeball and firmly grab him there. With the other hand, strike him hard near the bladder. Stretch your freest leg, pull him quickly against you, then give him a good hit to the testicles. With these three grips at once, you may move him off you.
 
If you are overpowered and thrown down, then quickly pay attention that your hand is not locked down. In particular, immediately drive a hand into his face, thumb under the chin and other fingers under the eyeball and firmly grab him there. With the other hand, strike him hard near the bladder. Stretch your freest leg, pull him quickly against you, then give him a good hit to the testicles. With these three grips at once, you may move him off you.
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/87|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/96|2|lbl=46r.2}}
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Codex 1246 91r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:Codex 1246 91r.png|2|lbl=91r.2}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
Line 457: Line 457:
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = [[Jörg Breu Sketchbook (Cod.I.6.2°.4)|Archetype]] Images
 
  | work        = [[Jörg Breu Sketchbook (Cod.I.6.2°.4)|Archetype]] Images
  | authors    = [[Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg]]
+
  | authors    = [[Jörg Breu the Younger]]
 
  | source link = http://www.nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:384-uba002004-0
 
  | source link = http://www.nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:384-uba002004-0
 
  | source title= Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg
 
  | source title= Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg
  | license    = permission
+
  | license    = public domain
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
  | work        = ''[[Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff)|Der Altenn Fechter]]'' Images
+
  | work        = ''[[Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff)|Der Allten Fechter]]'' Images
  | authors    =  
+
  | authors    = [[Hans Weiditz]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
  | source title=  
+
  | source title= München Fechtarchiv/Antiquariat Köbelin
  | license    = public domain
+
  | license    = permission
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = Translation
 
  | work        = Translation
  | authors    = [[Anthony Giljum]]
+
  | authors    = [[translator::Anthony Giljum]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source title= Wiktenauer
 
  | source title= Wiktenauer
Line 480: Line 480:
 
  | authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 
  | authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
  | source title= Wiktenauer
+
  | source title= [[Index:Jörg Breu Draftbook (Cod.I.6.2º.4)]]
 
  | license    = copyrighted
 
  | license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
  | work        = ''[[Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst (Christian Egenolff)|Der Altenn Fechter]]''
+
  | work        = ''[[Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff)|Der Allten Fechter]]''
 
  | authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
 
  | authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
  | source title= Wiktenauer
+
  | source title= [[Index:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf|Index:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537]]
 
  | license    = noncommercial
 
  | license    = noncommercial
 
}}
 
}}
Line 494: Line 494:
 
  | authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
 
  | authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
  | source title= Wiktenauer
+
  | source title= [[Index:Gregor Erhart Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.354)]]
 
  | license    = noncommercial
 
  | license    = noncommercial
 
}}
 
}}
Line 501: Line 501:
 
  | authors    =  
 
  | authors    =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
  | source title= Wiktenauer
+
  | source title= [[Index:Codex Amberger]]
 
  | license    = noncommercial
 
  | license    = noncommercial
 
}}
 
}}
Line 508: Line 508:
 
  | authors    =  
 
  | authors    =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
  | source title= Wiktenauer
+
  | source title= [[Index:Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (Cod.1246)]]
 
  | license    = noncommercial
 
  | license    = noncommercial
 
}}
 
}}
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== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
 
+
{{bibliography}}
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
Line 522: Line 522:
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}
 
__FORCETOC__
 
__FORCETOC__
 
+
[[Category:Orphan Treatise]]
[[Category:Nonmaster]]
 
  
 
[[Category:German]]
 
[[Category:German]]
  
 
[[Category:Research/Background Information]]
 
[[Category:Research/Background Information]]
[[Category:Translation]]
 
  
 
[[Category:Grappling]]
 
[[Category:Grappling]]
  
 
[[Category:New format]]
 
[[Category:New format]]

Latest revision as of 21:07, 15 June 2025

Kunstlicher stuck Kämpffens Ringens
und Werffens
Artful Pieces of Fighting, Wrestling, and Throwing
Egenolff 18.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Illustrated by
Date 1530s
Genre Wrestling manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester

Kunstlicher stuck Kämpffens Ringens und Werffens ("Artful Pieces of Fighting, Wrestling, and Throwing") is a brief 16th century German wrestling manual of uncertain origins. The most extensive version is an anonymous chapter in Christian Egenolff's 1530s fencing anthology, Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst ("The Ancient Fencer's Foundational Art"). Two manuscript copies appeared around the same time, a series of sketches by Gregor Erhart in 1533 and a mostly complete painted manuscript by Jörg Breu the Younger some time before 1545. One of these two may be the archetype for this treatise, and until further evidence appears we will assume that it is the latter. The treatise was further duplicated in the succeeding decades in several other manuscripts, and in the 1540s it was revised for inclusion the manuscripts of Paulus Hector Mair.

Treatise

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

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