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Difference between revisions of "Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo"

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| class="noline" | '''Memorial / Of the Practice of the Montante / Including sixteen simple rules, and sixteen composed / Given in Alcantara / To the Most Serene Prince Dom Thodozio (May God Protect Him) / By Field Marshall / Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo, his Master / In the Science of Arms. / On May 10th, 1651.'''
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| '''Memorial / Of the Practice of the Montante / Including sixteen simple rules, and sixteen composed / Given in Alcantara / To the Most Serene Prince Dom Thodozio (May God Protect Him) / By Field Marshall / Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo, his Master / In the Science of Arms. / On May 10th, 1651.'''
| class="noline" | '''Memorial / Da Prattica do Montante / Que inclue dezaseis regras simples, e dezaseis compostas / Dado em Alcantara / Ao Serenissimo Principe Dom Theodozio q. Ds. G.de / Pello Mestre de Campo / Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo, seu Mestre / Na ciencia das Armas / Em 10 de Mayo de 1651'''
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| '''Memorial / Da Prattica do Montante / Que inclue dezaseis regras simples, e dezaseis compostas / Dado em Alcantara / Ao Serenissimo Principe Dom Theodozio q. Ds. G.de / Pello Mestre de Campo / Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo, seu Mestre / Na ciencia das Armas / Em 10 de Mayo de 1651'''
  
 
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<p>This rule is for fighting in a wide road with people in front and behind. You will give a ''talho'' from behind while standing still and another forward putting in the right foot, readying the thrust over the right arm, which you will give forward while standing still. Then sensing people behind, you will ready from the thrust that you gave another with the pommel of the ''montante'' on the right shoulder, which you will give putting in the right foot toward the direction from where you started the rule. This gives rise to a ''revez'' which you will give putting in the left foot, and circling with the ''montante'' you will remove the right foot, and you will start the rule again.</p>
 
<p>This rule is for fighting in a wide road with people in front and behind. You will give a ''talho'' from behind while standing still and another forward putting in the right foot, readying the thrust over the right arm, which you will give forward while standing still. Then sensing people behind, you will ready from the thrust that you gave another with the pommel of the ''montante'' on the right shoulder, which you will give putting in the right foot toward the direction from where you started the rule. This gives rise to a ''revez'' which you will give putting in the left foot, and circling with the ''montante'' you will remove the right foot, and you will start the rule again.</p>
| class="noline" | <p>'''ⅩⅥ'''</p>
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<p>You will plant your left foot forward and you will give a ''talho'' raising the ''montante'' over the head to come to circle on the right side and you will give it while standing still; and then another ''talho'' putting in the right foot and another removing backward the left foot. Then you will ready a thrust over the right arm, which you will give while standing still, and another thrust with the pommel on the right shoulder which you will give moving the right foot forward. Then the left foot will go with the ''revez'', which you will give removing backward the right foot, and another ''revez'' moving the left foot forward, from which will originate a thrust over the left arm which you will give while standing still, and from that a ''revez'' removing backward the right foot, ending in the first state in which you began the rule, and so you may proceed again, if necessary.</p>
 
<p>You will plant your left foot forward and you will give a ''talho'' raising the ''montante'' over the head to come to circle on the right side and you will give it while standing still; and then another ''talho'' putting in the right foot and another removing backward the left foot. Then you will ready a thrust over the right arm, which you will give while standing still, and another thrust with the pommel on the right shoulder which you will give moving the right foot forward. Then the left foot will go with the ''revez'', which you will give removing backward the right foot, and another ''revez'' moving the left foot forward, from which will originate a thrust over the left arm which you will give while standing still, and from that a ''revez'' removing backward the right foot, ending in the first state in which you began the rule, and so you may proceed again, if necessary.</p>
| class="noline" | <p>'''ⅩⅥ'''</p>
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<p>Serve esta regra para brigar em hũa rua larga com gente por detras o por diante, para o que se dará hũ talho por detras a pé quedo e outro por diante metendo o pé dereyto armando a estocada sobre o braço dereyto que se dará para diante a pé quedo, e logo sentindo gente por detras se armará da estocada que se deu outra com a maçam do montante no hombro dereyto que se dará metendo o pé dereyto para a parte donde se começou a regra de que nacerá hũ revez metendo o pé esquerdo, e cingindo com o montante tirandosse fora o pé dereyto e se começará outra vez a regra.</p>
 
<p>Serve esta regra para brigar em hũa rua larga com gente por detras o por diante, para o que se dará hũ talho por detras a pé quedo e outro por diante metendo o pé dereyto armando a estocada sobre o braço dereyto que se dará para diante a pé quedo, e logo sentindo gente por detras se armará da estocada que se deu outra com a maçam do montante no hombro dereyto que se dará metendo o pé dereyto para a parte donde se começou a regra de que nacerá hũ revez metendo o pé esquerdo, e cingindo com o montante tirandosse fora o pé dereyto e se começará outra vez a regra.</p>
| class="noline" | <p>'''ⅩⅥ'''</p>
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<p>Plantarseha o pé esquerdo diante e se dará hũ talho levantando o montante por sima da cabeça para vir a cingir pello lado dereyto e se dará a pé quedo, e logo outro talho metendo o pé dereyto e outro tirando por detras o pé esquerdo, e armarseha a estocada sobre o braço dereyto, que se dará a pé quedo, e outra estocada posta a maçam no hombro dereyto que se dará metendo para diante o pé dereyto, e logo irá o pé esquerdo com o revez, que se dará tirando para tras o pé dereyto, e outro revez metendo para diante o pé esquerdo, de que nacerá hũa estocada sobre o braço esquerdo que se dará a pé quedo, e della hũ revez tirando para tras o pe dereyto ficando no primeyro estado em que se começou a regra para se tornar a proseguir, se necessario for.</p>
 
<p>Plantarseha o pé esquerdo diante e se dará hũ talho levantando o montante por sima da cabeça para vir a cingir pello lado dereyto e se dará a pé quedo, e logo outro talho metendo o pé dereyto e outro tirando por detras o pé esquerdo, e armarseha a estocada sobre o braço dereyto, que se dará a pé quedo, e outra estocada posta a maçam no hombro dereyto que se dará metendo para diante o pé dereyto, e logo irá o pé esquerdo com o revez, que se dará tirando para tras o pé dereyto, e outro revez metendo para diante o pé esquerdo, de que nacerá hũa estocada sobre o braço esquerdo que se dará a pé quedo, e della hũ revez tirando para tras o pe dereyto ficando no primeyro estado em que se começou a regra para se tornar a proseguir, se necessario for.</p>
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| class="noline" | And that from the thrusts readied over the right arm can also originate those that are readied on the right shoulder, and originate the ''revezes'' putting in the left foot or the ''talhos'' removing it. And from the thrusts that are readied over the left arm can originate those that are readied over the right arm, or the ''talhos'' putting in the right foot, or the same ''talhos'' removing the left foot, and also the ''revezes'' from low to high removing the same left foot.  And that ultimately from ''talhos'' are born other ''talhos'', and from ''revezes'' other ''revezes'', and from these, ''talhos''; and from ''talhos'', ''revezes''. All of this is helped by the steps made with the feet, so as not to create mishap during the transition from one rule to another when it matters, initiating at the end of any rule, be it simple or composed, the one you wish to perform next.  And with these admonitions which you should keep in mind, from all these thirty-two rules you can weave together one as general proof of the perfection of so excellent, graceful, and superior a weapon as the ''montante''.
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| And that from the thrusts readied over the right arm can also originate those that are readied on the right shoulder, and originate the ''revezes'' putting in the left foot or the ''talhos'' removing it. And from the thrusts that are readied over the left arm can originate those that are readied over the right arm, or the ''talhos'' putting in the right foot, or the same ''talhos'' removing the left foot, and also the ''revezes'' from low to high removing the same left foot.  And that ultimately from ''talhos'' are born other ''talhos'', and from ''revezes'' other ''revezes'', and from these, ''talhos''; and from ''talhos'', ''revezes''. All of this is helped by the steps made with the feet, so as not to create mishap during the transition from one rule to another when it matters, initiating at the end of any rule, be it simple or composed, the one you wish to perform next.  And with these admonitions which you should keep in mind, from all these thirty-two rules you can weave together one as general proof of the perfection of so excellent, graceful, and superior a weapon as the ''montante''.
| class="noline" | E que das estocadas que se armão sobre o braço dereyto podem tambem nacer as que se armão no hombro dereyto, e nacer os revezes metendo o pé esquerdo ou os talhos tirando o. E das estocadas que se armão sobre o braço esquerdo podem nacer as que se armão sobre o braço dereyto, ou os talhos metendo o pé dereyto, ou os mesmos talhos tirando o pé esquerdo, e tambem nacer os revezes de bayxo para sima tirando o mesmo pé esquerdo. E que ultimamente do talhos nacem outros talhos, e dos revezes outros revezes, e destes, talhos; e dos talhos, revezes; tudo isto ajudado dos compaços dos pés, para não fazer novidade o entrar de hũas regras em outras quando importe, procreandosse do fim de qualquer, ou seja simples, ou composta aquella que se quizer proseguir. E com estas advertencias que se devem ter na memoria, de todas estas trinta e duas regras se pode tecer huã que seja geral para exame de perfeyçaõ de tam excellente, ayrosa, e superior arma como he o Montante.
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| E que das estocadas que se armão sobre o braço dereyto podem tambem nacer as que se armão no hombro dereyto, e nacer os revezes metendo o pé esquerdo ou os talhos tirando o. E das estocadas que se armão sobre o braço esquerdo podem nacer as que se armão sobre o braço dereyto, ou os talhos metendo o pé dereyto, ou os mesmos talhos tirando o pé esquerdo, e tambem nacer os revezes de bayxo para sima tirando o mesmo pé esquerdo. E que ultimamente do talhos nacem outros talhos, e dos revezes outros revezes, e destes, talhos; e dos talhos, revezes; tudo isto ajudado dos compaços dos pés, para não fazer novidade o entrar de hũas regras em outras quando importe, procreandosse do fim de qualquer, ou seja simples, ou composta aquella que se quizer proseguir. E com estas advertencias que se devem ter na memoria, de todas estas trinta e duas regras se pode tecer huã que seja geral para exame de perfeyçaõ de tam excellente, ayrosa, e superior arma como he o Montante.
  
 
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== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
* [[Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo|Figueyredo, Diogo Gomes de]]. ''Oplosophia e Verdadeira Destreza das Armas.'' Ed. Manuel Valle Ortiz, Francisco Campo Nieto. Santiago de Compostela: AGEA Editora, 2013. ISBN 978-84-941648-4-2
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{{bibliography}}
* Hick, Steve; Myers, Eric; and Valle, Manuel. "The Montante of Dom Diogo Gomes de Figueiredo". ''Arts de Combat. Théorie et pratique en Europe XIVe-XXe siècle.'' Ed. Fabrice Cognot. Burgundy: A. E. D. E. H., 2011. ISBN 978-2-907594-12-7
 
* Sousa Viterbo, Francisco Marquez de; [[Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo|Figueiredo, Diogo Gomes de]]; and [[Thomás Luís|Luiz, Thomaz]]. {{google books|UJFCAQAAMAAJ|A esgrima em Portugal: subsidios para a sua historia}}. Lisbon: Manoel Gomes, 1899.
 
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==

Latest revision as of 21:25, 15 June 2025

Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo
Born ca. 1600
Died 30 September 1685
Relative(s)
  • João Gomes Quaresma (father)
  • Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo (son)
Occupation
Patron Prince Theodoszio
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language Portuguese
Notable work(s)
  • Oplosophia e Verdadeira Destreza das Armas (1628)
  • Memorial Da Prattica do Montante (1651)
Manuscript(s)

Dom Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo (d. 1685) was a 17th century Portuguese soldier, diplomat, and fencing master. Little is known about his early life, but it seems likely that he studied fencing from a young age. He notes in his first treatise that he studied under a Diestro named Gonçalo Barbosa. His military career started in 1626, when he embarked from Lisbon with the royal armada and shipwrecked in Gascony. Figueyredo continued in the military through the Portuguese War of Restoration (1640 - 1665). He commanded in at least three of the five major battles in that war, and was credited for the victories at Montijo and Linhas de Elvas; he was also involved in many of the smaller encounters in the war, including the defense of the town of Almeida. Figueyredo also served the crown as master at arms, including instructing the young Prince Theodoszio in fencing.[1]

Aside from his martial pursuits, Figueyredo was a renowned writer and poet. In Templo da Memoria, Manuel do Galhegos applauds him as such to celebrate the Dukes of Bragança. Barbosa Machado cites one ode that comes from Memorias Funebres dedicated to D. Maria de Athaide and a song in Panegyrico which pays tribute to the death of Field Marshall André de Albuquerque.[1]

Perhaps it is no surprise, then, that Figueyredo is the author of at least two fencing manuals. He composed the first in 1628, titled Oplosophia e Verdadeira Destreza das Armas ("Hoplosophy and the True Skill of Arms",[2] MS Vermelho.nº.91). This is a rapier text following the Carrancista tradition of la Verdadera Destreza. His second treatise, written in 1653, was Memorial Da Prattica do Montante ("Memorial of the Practice of the Montante", MS 49.III.20.nº.21). In contrast to his earlier work, this treatise focuses on the montante (greatsword), a weapon that was the centerpiece of the older esgrima antigua ("ancient fencing") tradition which the Destreza supplanted. This abandonment of the new Spanish art in favor of traditional Iberian fencing is thought to be symbolic of Figueyredo's loyalty to the cause of Portuguese independence.[1]

Figueyredo's activities after the war are unknown; ultimately, he died on 30 September 1685 and was buried in the convent at Trinidade.

Treatise

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Myers, Eric, and Hick, Steve. Memorial of the Practice of the Montante. The Oakeshott Institute, 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
  2. For a discussion of the meaning of "hoplosophy", see Lois Spangler. "Destreza: On the meaning of Oplosophia". Storytrade, 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  3. 3.0 3.1 This is the order of the original, but they are likely transposed, and should be revez and talho instead.