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Difference between revisions of "Giacomo di Grassi"

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! <p>Italian Transcription (1570)<br/>by [[Kelly Hatcher]]</p>
 
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| '''OF THE TWO HAND SWORD.'''
 
| '''OF THE TWO HAND SWORD.'''
 
The two hand Sword, as it is used now a days being four handfuls in the handle, or more, having also the great cross, was found out, to the end it should be handled one to one at an equal match, as other weapons, of which I have entreated. But because one may with it (as a galleon among many galleys) resist many Swords, or other weapons: Therefore in the wars, it is used to be place near unto the Ensign or Ancient, for the defense thereof, because, being of itself able to contend with many, it may the better safeguard the same. And it is accustomed to be carried in the City, aswell by night as by day, when it so chances that a few are constrained to withstand a great many. And because his weight and bigness, requires great strength, therefore those only are allotted to the handling thereof, which are mighty and big to behold, great and strong in body, of stout and valiant courage. Who (forasmuch as they are to encounter many, and to the end they may strike the more safely, and amaze them with the fury of the Sword) do altogether use to deliver great edge blows, down right and reversed, fetching a full circle, or compass therein, staying themselves sometimes upon one foot, sometimes on the other, utterly neglecting to thrust, and persuading them- selves, that the thrust serves to amaze one man only, but those edge blows are of force to encounter many. The which manner of skirmishing, besides that, it is most gallant to behold, being accompanied with exceeding swiftness in delivery, (for otherwise it works no such effect) it also most profitable, not properly of itself, because men considering the fury of the sword, which greatly amazes them, are not so resolute to do that, which otherwise they could not choose but do. That is, either to encounter the sword in the middle towards the handle, when it carries small force, or else to stand far off, watching whilst the sword goes, and is carried compassing in his great circle, being of the compass of ten arms, or more, and then to run under it, and deliver a thrust. And these two ways are effectual, when such men are met withal, who are exercised to enter nimbly and strike, or such as dare, and have the spirit and courage, to set, and oppose themselves single against the two hand sword, even as the single two hand sword adventures to oppose itself against many. Neither is this thing to be marveled at, for in these our days, there be things performed of greater activity and danger. And there be some which dare do this with the sword and round Target, but yet they are not resolute to strike first, but will receive and sustain the blow, with the round Target, and then enter and thrust, this truly betokens great courage and activity, although not such is required in this behalf.
 
The two hand Sword, as it is used now a days being four handfuls in the handle, or more, having also the great cross, was found out, to the end it should be handled one to one at an equal match, as other weapons, of which I have entreated. But because one may with it (as a galleon among many galleys) resist many Swords, or other weapons: Therefore in the wars, it is used to be place near unto the Ensign or Ancient, for the defense thereof, because, being of itself able to contend with many, it may the better safeguard the same. And it is accustomed to be carried in the City, aswell by night as by day, when it so chances that a few are constrained to withstand a great many. And because his weight and bigness, requires great strength, therefore those only are allotted to the handling thereof, which are mighty and big to behold, great and strong in body, of stout and valiant courage. Who (forasmuch as they are to encounter many, and to the end they may strike the more safely, and amaze them with the fury of the Sword) do altogether use to deliver great edge blows, down right and reversed, fetching a full circle, or compass therein, staying themselves sometimes upon one foot, sometimes on the other, utterly neglecting to thrust, and persuading them- selves, that the thrust serves to amaze one man only, but those edge blows are of force to encounter many. The which manner of skirmishing, besides that, it is most gallant to behold, being accompanied with exceeding swiftness in delivery, (for otherwise it works no such effect) it also most profitable, not properly of itself, because men considering the fury of the sword, which greatly amazes them, are not so resolute to do that, which otherwise they could not choose but do. That is, either to encounter the sword in the middle towards the handle, when it carries small force, or else to stand far off, watching whilst the sword goes, and is carried compassing in his great circle, being of the compass of ten arms, or more, and then to run under it, and deliver a thrust. And these two ways are effectual, when such men are met withal, who are exercised to enter nimbly and strike, or such as dare, and have the spirit and courage, to set, and oppose themselves single against the two hand sword, even as the single two hand sword adventures to oppose itself against many. Neither is this thing to be marveled at, for in these our days, there be things performed of greater activity and danger. And there be some which dare do this with the sword and round Target, but yet they are not resolute to strike first, but will receive and sustain the blow, with the round Target, and then enter and thrust, this truly betokens great courage and activity, although not such is required in this behalf.
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|'''DEL SPADONE.'''
 
Il spadone al modo ch’oggi s’usa con quattro palmi di mani co et più et con quella croce grande non è stato ritrouato affine di adoprarlo da solo a solo a ugual partito come l’altre arme delle quali habbiamo trattato, ma per poter con esso solo a guisa d’un galeone fra molte galere resistere a molte spade o altre arme percio nelle guerre s’usa di porlo alla difesa delle insegne per che possa contrastado con molti difender l’insegne, et per le città si suol portar la notte et il giorno quado auiene che pochi debbano resistere a molti et perche il suo peso et la sua gradezza richiede molta forza pero a quest’arma so dedicati coloro che sono grandi di uista, et di membri rebusti è forti di gran cuore, i quali douendo soli resistere a molti per esser piu sicuri di ferire et per spauentare con la furia del spadone, tutti usano di adoprarlo a gran mandritti et riuersi di tutto tondo, fermandosi hora s’un piede hora su laltro. Lasciandosi quasi in tutto il ferir di punta come quello che puo ferire et spauentare un solo, et essi uogliono opporsi a molti. Il qual modo di schermire oltra che è bellissimo da uedere, quando è accompagnato da grandissima uelocità che in altro modo non riesce, è anco utilissimo non per esser suo proprio, ma perche gli huomini considerata la gran furia del spadone per gran timore non si risoluono a far quello che ueramente potrebbono non fare cioè, o di andare ad incontrare il spadone dal mezo inanti uerso la mano doue ha minor forza, ouero star assentiti et mentre che il spadone gira il suo gran cerchio di dieci et più braccia farseli sotto et ferir di punta et questi doi modi di ferir riuseirebbono quando che si trouassero huomini che s’essercitassero di presto con la spada entrare a ferire et soli hauessero ardire di opporsi a un spadone si come il spadone proua di opporsi a molti et questo non farebbe miracolo perche a tempi nostri si fanno cose di maggior prestezza et pericolo et ben se ne truoua alcuno che ardisce di cio fare con spada et rotella ma questi tali non sono risoluti di ferir presto ma di riceuere et sostenir con la rotella il colpo del spadone, et per ferire questo ueramente è ardire et prestezza ma non quella che si cerca.
 
 
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| This much concerning that, which appertains to the defense of circular blows, of the two hand sword, when it endeavors to oppose itself against many. And forasmuch as men have, and sometimes do use, both in the lists and other places, to fight single combats, one to one with the single two hand sword, I will also declare my opinion touching the same.
 
| This much concerning that, which appertains to the defense of circular blows, of the two hand sword, when it endeavors to oppose itself against many. And forasmuch as men have, and sometimes do use, both in the lists and other places, to fight single combats, one to one with the single two hand sword, I will also declare my opinion touching the same.
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|Et questo sia per quanto s’appertiene alla difesa che si potesse dare delle botte circulari che fa il spadone, quando li bisogna difendersi da molti. Ma perche si è usateo et qualche uolta s’usa, et ne i steccati, et in qualche altro luogo di combattere da solo a solo con un spadone diremo circa questa parte ancora il parer nostro.
 
 
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| '''OF THE MANNER HOW TO HANDLE THE TWO HAND SWORD, IN SINGLE COMBAT.'''
 
| '''OF THE MANNER HOW TO HANDLE THE TWO HAND SWORD, IN SINGLE COMBAT.'''
 
To those, who would cunningly handle the Two hand Sword in single combat, it is principally necessary that (as in other weapons) they be practiced and have the skill, to use the one hand aswell as the other, and they both be active in body, and strong in the arms, which are required in the managing of each weapon. And farther it is requisite that they carry the principles of this Art, surely fixed in their minds and memories, by means whereof they may become bold and resolute, in as much as they have to do, either in striking or defending.
 
To those, who would cunningly handle the Two hand Sword in single combat, it is principally necessary that (as in other weapons) they be practiced and have the skill, to use the one hand aswell as the other, and they both be active in body, and strong in the arms, which are required in the managing of each weapon. And farther it is requisite that they carry the principles of this Art, surely fixed in their minds and memories, by means whereof they may become bold and resolute, in as much as they have to do, either in striking or defending.
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|'''DEL MODO DI ADOPRAR IL SPADONE da solo à solo'''
 
A VOLER adoprar bene il spadone da solo a solo glie di bisogno prima di come nell'altre arme saper addoprar cosi luna come l'altrarme , & esser destri nella uita & forte nelle braccia, la qual cosa si richiede nel maneggio di tutte l'armi & hauer nella mente fissi i principy de larte mediante i quali si diuenira ardito & resoluto di quanto si ha da fare per offendere & per difendersi
 
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| They ought furthermore to consider, how the two hand sword is used, and how it ought to be used.
 
| They ought furthermore to consider, how the two hand sword is used, and how it ought to be used.
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|,deuesi poi considerare in che modo s'usa di adoprare hoggi il spadone, & come si debbe usare.
 
 
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| Touching the first, All men use to deliver thrusts, aswell as edge blows, down right, and reversed, with both hands to the Sword which way albeit, it be profitable in the bestowing of edge blows, as being the better able to sustain the Sword, yet in the discharge of thrusts it is hurtful, for it causes them to be much shorter, then they would be, if in the beginning, they were forcibly delivered with both the hands, and then by taking away one hand from the cross, they were springed as far forth, as the pommel hand, foot, and all the body of that side, may be stretched out. For, being discharged in this manner, if they hit home they make great passage, and if they be voided, yet the Two hand sword may be quickly had again, by the retiring of a pace, and of the hand and arm, placing the other hand there where it was, and so settling in the low ward. Therefore, when one finds himself to stand at the high ward, (the which at the two hand Sword, is framed, either with the right side towards the enemy, either with the left, in either of which ways, the arm would be borne aloft, and far off from the body, causing the point somewhat to bend both towards the ground and the body, to the end it may defend both the length of the body, and cover it in a manner thwarting or crossing, it being so far off from the sword.
 
| Touching the first, All men use to deliver thrusts, aswell as edge blows, down right, and reversed, with both hands to the Sword which way albeit, it be profitable in the bestowing of edge blows, as being the better able to sustain the Sword, yet in the discharge of thrusts it is hurtful, for it causes them to be much shorter, then they would be, if in the beginning, they were forcibly delivered with both the hands, and then by taking away one hand from the cross, they were springed as far forth, as the pommel hand, foot, and all the body of that side, may be stretched out. For, being discharged in this manner, if they hit home they make great passage, and if they be voided, yet the Two hand sword may be quickly had again, by the retiring of a pace, and of the hand and arm, placing the other hand there where it was, and so settling in the low ward. Therefore, when one finds himself to stand at the high ward, (the which at the two hand Sword, is framed, either with the right side towards the enemy, either with the left, in either of which ways, the arm would be borne aloft, and far off from the body, causing the point somewhat to bend both towards the ground and the body, to the end it may defend both the length of the body, and cover it in a manner thwarting or crossing, it being so far off from the sword.
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|Quanto al primo tutti usano di trar cosi le punte come i mandritti & riuersi con ambe due le mani al spadone, il qual modo se ben è utile nelle botte di taglio, per meglio poterle sostentare è dannoso nelle punte. Percioche le fa restare molto piu corte di quello che resterebbono se si spicchassero ben in principio con tutte dua le mani, ma leuando poi uia la mano dalla croce & tenendo forte quella dal pomo , si spingesse poi per quanto si puo distender quel braccio il piede & tutta la uita da quella parte, nel qual modo tratto se ferisce fa grandissima passata & quando andesse d'effetto uoto si puo subito rihauere, ritirando il passo & il braccio ponendo laltra mano a suo loco affermandosi in guardia bassa . Ritrouàndosi dunque in guardia alta , laquale di spadone si forma o con la parte destra uerso l'inimico , o con la sinistra, ma in l'uno & l'altro modo le braccia uogliono esser tenute alte & luntane dalla uita facendo che la punta stia alquanto piegata & uerso terra & uerso la uita, accio difenda & la lunghezza della uita, & cuopra anco di trauerso la uita la quale è troppo luntana dal spadone.
 
 
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| Farther, in this ward, the hand that is towards the enemy, must take hold fast of the handle near the cross, and underneath, the other hand above, and near the pommel. I say standing thus at the high ward, he may either deliver a thrust, either a down right blow of the edge.
 
| Farther, in this ward, the hand that is towards the enemy, must take hold fast of the handle near the cross, and underneath, the other hand above, and near the pommel. I say standing thus at the high ward, he may either deliver a thrust, either a down right blow of the edge.
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|Et si tinira la mano che dalla parte uerso l'inimico preso alla croce & disotto dal manico & laltra disopra & uicina al pomo, & stando in questo modo si puo ferire d'una punta & d'un mandritto,
 
 
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| [[File:Di Grassi 21.jpg|300x300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Di Grassi 21.jpg|300x300px|center]]
 
| The thrust is discharged (as soon as the enemy's sword is found) as far in the beginning as he may with both arms: Then, taking away the cross hand, he shall force it farther on with the pommel hand, as much as he may stretch it forth, always in the discharge, increasing a slope pace. And the thrust being thus delivered, he shall presently retire his said pace, and return his hand again to the cross, settling himself either in the high or low warde. But if he would deliver a down right blow with the edge which I counsel him not to do, because he may easily be struck under it, he shall first discharge a thrust with both his hands, and then increasing a pace, shall turn the said downright blow, stretching out the arm as much as he may. In the delivery of which blow, if he meet with the enemy's sword, he shall take away his hand from the cross, and stretch out the pommel hand as much as he may, with the increase of a pace. And farther, turning the said hand which holds the sword upwards, to the end, to lengthen the thrust, he shall drive, and force it on, and presently retire himself in the manner aforesaid.
 
| The thrust is discharged (as soon as the enemy's sword is found) as far in the beginning as he may with both arms: Then, taking away the cross hand, he shall force it farther on with the pommel hand, as much as he may stretch it forth, always in the discharge, increasing a slope pace. And the thrust being thus delivered, he shall presently retire his said pace, and return his hand again to the cross, settling himself either in the high or low warde. But if he would deliver a down right blow with the edge which I counsel him not to do, because he may easily be struck under it, he shall first discharge a thrust with both his hands, and then increasing a pace, shall turn the said downright blow, stretching out the arm as much as he may. In the delivery of which blow, if he meet with the enemy's sword, he shall take away his hand from the cross, and stretch out the pommel hand as much as he may, with the increase of a pace. And farther, turning the said hand which holds the sword upwards, to the end, to lengthen the thrust, he shall drive, and force it on, and presently retire himself in the manner aforesaid.
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| la pnnta si spinge poi che s'ha trouato il spadone dell'inimico per quanto si puo con tutte due le braccia & poi leuandone quella della croce si spingera con la mano di dietro per quanto si puo allungare crescendo tuttauia nel spingere un passo obliquo & fatto il colpo ritirando subito indietro quel passo che fu cresciuto si tornera a por la mano alla croce, & si fermera in guardia alta o bassa. Uolendo poi trar il mandritto il quale non consiglio per poter facilmente sotto esso esser ferito, si spingera prima la punta con ambedue le mani & poi crescendo un passo si uoltera il mandritto , destendendo le braccia quanto si puo, con il quale mandritto se si trouera il spadone dell'inimico, subito trauato si lasciera la mano dalla croce, & per quanto si puo distender quella dal pomo crescendo il passo & uoltando la mano dal pomo che tiene il spadone in su per allungar piu la punta, si spingera questa punta ritirandosi poi subito fatto il colpo nel modo detto.
 
 
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| '''OF THE DEFENSE OF THE HIGH WARD, AT TWO HAND SWORD.'''
 
| '''OF THE DEFENSE OF THE HIGH WARD, AT TWO HAND SWORD.'''
 
The low ward, shall be the defense of the high ward, and it may be framed with the right foot before and behind, in such sort, as the said high ward, the which shall be declared in his proper place.
 
The low ward, shall be the defense of the high ward, and it may be framed with the right foot before and behind, in such sort, as the said high ward, the which shall be declared in his proper place.
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| | '''DELLA DIFESA DI GUARDIA ALTA'''
 
L'A DIFESA di guardia alta sarà la guardia bassa la qual guardia si puo formare con il pie diritto inanti & indietro , si come l'alta, laqual cosa si mostrerà à suo loco.
 
 
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| Therefore, regarding to place himself for his defense in the low ward (and that directly contrary to his enemy, that is to say, if the enemy stand with the right foot before, to put his left foot foremost, and as the thrust or downright blow comes) he shall encounter it without, and as soon as he has found the enemy's sword, he shall void his cross hand, and increase a pace, and therewithall deliver a thrust, with the pommel hand, as far as it will stretch out. The which thrust will easily speed, if the enemy come resolutely in delivering of his blow: for he shall come directly to encounter the point of his sword, with that part of his body which increases forwards. Thus much for the defense of the high thrust.
 
| Therefore, regarding to place himself for his defense in the low ward (and that directly contrary to his enemy, that is to say, if the enemy stand with the right foot before, to put his left foot foremost, and as the thrust or downright blow comes) he shall encounter it without, and as soon as he has found the enemy's sword, he shall void his cross hand, and increase a pace, and therewithall deliver a thrust, with the pommel hand, as far as it will stretch out. The which thrust will easily speed, if the enemy come resolutely in delivering of his blow: for he shall come directly to encounter the point of his sword, with that part of his body which increases forwards. Thus much for the defense of the high thrust.
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| Auertendo dunq di porsi per diffendersi in guardia bassa, & al contrario dell'inimico, cioè se lui sarà con il pie dritto inanzi porsi con il sinistro , & uenendo la punta o mandritto s'andarà ad incontrar di fuorania et subito trouato il spadone dell'inimico abbandonando la man dalla croce & crescendo il passo spingera con la mano dal pomo la punta per quanto puo andare la quale facilmente ferirà se l'inimico uenira risoluto per far il suo colpo, percioche uenira ad incontrar la punta del spadone con quella parte di uita che cresce inanti, & questo sia per difesa della punta alta.
 
 
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| The downright blow may be warded, if whilst the enemy's sword is in his compass, he nimbly deliver a thrust under it. or else, if he would encounter it, (as soon as he has so done) he do void his cross hand, and with the increase of a pace, thrust as far forth as the pommel hand will stretch out.
 
| The downright blow may be warded, if whilst the enemy's sword is in his compass, he nimbly deliver a thrust under it. or else, if he would encounter it, (as soon as he has so done) he do void his cross hand, and with the increase of a pace, thrust as far forth as the pommel hand will stretch out.
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| Il mandritto si puo diffendere se mentre che il spadone inimico gira, si ua sotto in piu breue tempo a ferir di punta, ouero uolendo pure incontrar il madritto subito che si ha incontrato, lasciar la mano dalla croce ferir con la cresciuta del passo quanto ua la mano dal pomo.
 
 
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| '''OF THE HURT OF THE LOW WARD, AT THE TWO HAND SWORD.'''
 
| '''OF THE HURT OF THE LOW WARD, AT THE TWO HAND SWORD.'''
 
Because the broad ward in handling of this weapon is painful and unsure, I leave speak thereof, and come to the low ward, which is framed two ways, to wit: either with the right or with the left foot before, and in either way, one may strike both within and without. Within, is rather to ward, then to strike: for the enemy that stands without, has the greater advantage. Finding himself therefore within, and bearing the sword firmly, he shall force and drive on a thrust, as far as both arms may stretch out together, increasing a pace and settling in the low ward, if he do not speed.
 
Because the broad ward in handling of this weapon is painful and unsure, I leave speak thereof, and come to the low ward, which is framed two ways, to wit: either with the right or with the left foot before, and in either way, one may strike both within and without. Within, is rather to ward, then to strike: for the enemy that stands without, has the greater advantage. Finding himself therefore within, and bearing the sword firmly, he shall force and drive on a thrust, as far as both arms may stretch out together, increasing a pace and settling in the low ward, if he do not speed.
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| | '''DELLA OFFESA DI GVARDIA BASSA.'''
 
PER esser la guardia larga in questa forte d'arme faticosa et poco sicura lascio di parlarne. Uenendo alla guardia bassa la quale si forma in doi modi cioe con il pie destro o sinistro inanzi, et in l'uno et l'altro modo puo ferir di dentro et di fuori, di dentro farà più per riparare che per ferire perche l'inimico che e di fuora ha troppo grand'auantagio.
 
 
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| But finding himself to stand without, and as soon as he has found the enemy's sword, he shall deliver a thrust, first, at the length of both arms, then, voiding the cross hand, increase a pace and deliver it out at uttermost length of the pommel hand, and immediately after the thrust, retire his hand and pace, staying himself again in the said low ward.
 
| But finding himself to stand without, and as soon as he has found the enemy's sword, he shall deliver a thrust, first, at the length of both arms, then, voiding the cross hand, increase a pace and deliver it out at uttermost length of the pommel hand, and immediately after the thrust, retire his hand and pace, staying himself again in the said low ward.
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| Ritrouandosi dunque di dentro tenendo il spadone con tutte due le mani saldo si spingerà la punta per quanto si poßono distendere tutte dua le braccia insieme crescendo il passo & affermandosi pure in guardia bassa se non si può ferire, ma ritrouandosi di fuori subito che si haurà trouato il spadone dell'inimico si spingera la punta con ambe due le mani per quanto possono andare poi lasciando la mano dalla croce crescendo il passo per quanto si  puo allungar la mano dal pomo si spingera la punta ritirando poi subito dopo il colpo la mano & il passo affermandosi di nuouo in essa bassa.
 
 
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| '''OF THE DEFENSE OF THE LOW WARD, AT THE TWO HAND SWORD.'''
 
| '''OF THE DEFENSE OF THE LOW WARD, AT THE TWO HAND SWORD.'''
 
It is a general rule, that the true defense of all blows is the low ward. Therefore, when one stands thereat, if there come a thrust without (because it is necessary in this case to stand within,) he shall do no other then encounter the enemy's sword, and thrust his arm forwards, to the end he may void it from his body, and farther retire his foot more backwards, and as it were, in a compass, thereby the better saving his body from hurt.
 
It is a general rule, that the true defense of all blows is the low ward. Therefore, when one stands thereat, if there come a thrust without (because it is necessary in this case to stand within,) he shall do no other then encounter the enemy's sword, and thrust his arm forwards, to the end he may void it from his body, and farther retire his foot more backwards, and as it were, in a compass, thereby the better saving his body from hurt.
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| '''DIFESA DI GVARDIA BASSA.'''
 
E REGOLA uniuersale che la uera difesa a tutte le offese e in guardia bassa pero in questa essendo & uenendo la puta di fuori, perche in quel caso sarà necessario ritrouarsi di dentro non si hauera da far altro che incontrar il spadone inimico, spingendo le braccia inati per alluntanarlo dalla uita ritirando il pie di dietro alquànto piu indietro in giro per ritirar anco la uita da l'offesa
 
 
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| But if the thrust come within (by reason whereof he should stand without) as soon as the enemy's sword is encountered, he shall deliver a thrust with both his hands, and then voiding his cross hand, he shall deliver it strongly with his pommel hand, with the increase of a pace. And this thrust does safely speed. Neither is it to be doubted, that by holding the sword with one hand, the enemy may take holdfast thereof, for he has enough to do, to retire himself, and ward the thrust, neither can he perform so many things in one time.
 
| But if the thrust come within (by reason whereof he should stand without) as soon as the enemy's sword is encountered, he shall deliver a thrust with both his hands, and then voiding his cross hand, he shall deliver it strongly with his pommel hand, with the increase of a pace. And this thrust does safely speed. Neither is it to be doubted, that by holding the sword with one hand, the enemy may take holdfast thereof, for he has enough to do, to retire himself, and ward the thrust, neither can he perform so many things in one time.
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| ma uenendo l'offesa di dentro et che per cio si ritroui di fuori, subito che si incotra il spadone dell'inimico, si spinge la punta co ambe due le mani leuando la mano dalla croce & con la cresciuta del passo & della mano dal pomo si spinge la punta gagliardamente , la qual al sicuro ferisce ne si deue dubitar che tenendo il spadone con una sola mano poßi dall'inimico esser tratto di mano percioche egli ha da fare a ritirarsi & a difendersi dalla punta, ne si può far tante cose in una uolta.
 
 
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! <p>Italian Transcription (1570)<br/>by [[Kelly Hatcher]]</p>
 
! <p>Italian Transcription (1570)<br/>by [[Kelly Hatcher]]</p>
 
! <p>English Transcription (1594)<br/>Open for editing</p>
 
! <p>English Transcription (1594)<br/>Open for editing</p>
! <p>Italian Transcription (1570)<br/>by [[Niccolò Menozzi]]</p>
 
  
 
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! <p>Italian Transcription (1570)<br/>by [[Kelly Hatcher]]</p>
 
! <p>Italian Transcription (1570)<br/>by [[Kelly Hatcher]]</p>
 
! <p>English Transcription (1594)<br/>Open for editing</p>
 
! <p>English Transcription (1594)<br/>Open for editing</p>
! <p>Italian Transcription (1570)<br/>by [[Niccolò Menozzi]]</p>
 
  
 
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| '''FALSING OF BLOWS, OF THE TWO HAND SWORD.'''
 
| '''FALSING OF BLOWS, OF THE TWO HAND SWORD.'''
 
For the deceits and falses of the two hand sword, there is no more regard to be taken in the handling thereof single, that is, one to one, then there is, when it is used among many: only this end is to be purposed, to wit, to move and handle with all nimbleness and dexterity, aswell the edge as the point, fetching those great circular and unruly compassings, therewith as his form, greatness, and manner of holding requires.
 
For the deceits and falses of the two hand sword, there is no more regard to be taken in the handling thereof single, that is, one to one, then there is, when it is used among many: only this end is to be purposed, to wit, to move and handle with all nimbleness and dexterity, aswell the edge as the point, fetching those great circular and unruly compassings, therewith as his form, greatness, and manner of holding requires.
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| '''DEL SPADONE.'''
 
PER gli inganni et finte del spadone non si ha da hauer rispetto ad addoprarlo piu da solo a solo che fra molti, ma solamente si ha da hauer questo fine di muouerlo & addoprarlo con agilità & prestezza cosi di taglio come di punta facendo quei gran giri & sbaragli che richiede la sua forma grandezza, & modo di tenir,
 
 
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| Neither ought a man so much regard to fetch a small or great compass, or to strike more with the point then with the edge, but must believe only that the victory consists in the nimble and active guiding there of any manner of way. Therefore there may be framed many wards, of all the which, being a thing superfluous to reason of, I will handle only six of them, which are most commodious and usual: whereof the first may be called the high ward, the second the broad ward, the third the low ward, from which there springs all other three, towards the other side, making six in all.
 
| Neither ought a man so much regard to fetch a small or great compass, or to strike more with the point then with the edge, but must believe only that the victory consists in the nimble and active guiding there of any manner of way. Therefore there may be framed many wards, of all the which, being a thing superfluous to reason of, I will handle only six of them, which are most commodious and usual: whereof the first may be called the high ward, the second the broad ward, the third the low ward, from which there springs all other three, towards the other side, making six in all.
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| ne si deue hauere in consideratione il far giro picolo o grande ne ferir piu di punta che di taglio,ma solamente creder che la uittoria stia nell'esser presto & destro a menar in qual si uoglia modo , però si possun formar molte guardie delle quali tutte sarebbe superfluo il ragionarne onde di sei solamente si tratterà piu commode & piu usitate delle quali una si adimandera alta la seconda largha la terza bassa, dalle quali tre ne nascono poi tre altra uerso laltra parte che son in tutto sei ,
 
 
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| The high ward is framed by bearing the sword and arms lifted up on high and wide from the body, with the point of sword turned towards that part, as that arm is, whose hand is place by the cross, that is to say, if the right hand shall be at the cross, and the right foot before, to bear also the sword, with his point towards that side.
 
| The high ward is framed by bearing the sword and arms lifted up on high and wide from the body, with the point of sword turned towards that part, as that arm is, whose hand is place by the cross, that is to say, if the right hand shall be at the cross, and the right foot before, to bear also the sword, with his point towards that side.
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| la alta sarà tenir il spadone & le braccia in alto leuate & larghe dalla uita , con il spadone con la punta uolta uerso quella parte che sarà il braccio che haurà la mano al la croce, cio e, se la man destra sarà alla croce & il pie destro inanzi , tenir ancora il spadone uerso quella parte con la punta,
 
 
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| There is also an other high ward opposite to this and that is, without moving the feet at all to turn the point towards the other side, that is, towards the left side and to cross the arms. And it is to be noted, that in this high ward, be it on what side it will, the sword is to be borne with the point turned downwards.
 
| There is also an other high ward opposite to this and that is, without moving the feet at all to turn the point towards the other side, that is, towards the left side and to cross the arms. And it is to be noted, that in this high ward, be it on what side it will, the sword is to be borne with the point turned downwards.
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| un'altra alta opposta a questa sarà senza punto muouer i piedi uolger la punta uerso l'altra parte cioè uerso la sinistra, & incrocciar le braccia & e da auertir che in questa guardia alta sia in qual parte si uoglia , sempre si deue tenir il spadone con la punta uolta in giu,
 
 
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| The second is the broad ward, and must be framed with the arms widened from the body, not high but straight. And from this springs and is framed another broad ward, turned towards the other side by crossing of the arms.
 
| The second is the broad ward, and must be framed with the arms widened from the body, not high but straight. And from this springs and is framed another broad ward, turned towards the other side by crossing of the arms.
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| la seconda sarà largha con le braccia dalla uita allarghate non alte ma diritte & medesmamente il spadone diritto , da questa se ne formerà un'altra largha uolta uerso l'altra parte incrociando le braccia,
 
 
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| And the third is the low ward, and in this the sword would be borne with the point somewhat upwards. And this ward has his opposite or contrary, by turning the sword on the other side, and crossing the arms. There may be framed many other wards: As for example, to bear the sword on high, with the point backwards, to the intent to drive a down right, or cleaving edgeblow: or else to bear it low with the point backwards, to the intent to drive it from beneath upwards. But in these wards falses are to small purpose: And if there be any one of them worth using, it should be the false of an edgeblow, the which at two hand sword is not to be used at all, because there is much time lost considering that immediately after the false, he must strike home with an edgeblow. For it is not commodious at the two hand sword, to false an edgeblow, and deliver home a thrust, because the weight or swing of the sword in delivering an edgeblow, transports the arms beyond their strength, so that they may very difficultly withhold the blow to such purpose, that they may be ale as it were in that instant to deliver a thrust. Therefore the false that should be used at the two hand sword, ought always to be framed with a thrust, and then an edgeblow right or reversed to be delivered, or else to false a high thrust, and deliver it beneath or elsewhere. But yet if one would needs false an edgeblow, let him do it with the false edge of the sword, then turning it in full circle, to deliver home the edgeblow, and in striking always to increase a pace. But when this false of the back or false edge is practiced, the arms being crossed, then if he would step forwards to strike he must increase a pace with the right foot. And if in any of these wards he would false a thrust, which is the best that may be used at the two hand sword, he must observe the very same notes and rules concerning the increasing of the pace. Further the thrust is falsed, and the edgeblow delivered home at the two hand sword for no other cause or consideration, then for that the said edgeblow is far more forcible then the thrust: For the two hand sword is long, by means whereof, in the delivery of the edgeblow, it makes a great circle. And moreover, it so weighty that very little and small strength, makes and forces the blow to go with great violence. But for as much as the striking with the edge is very dangerous considering it spends much time, and especially in the great compassing of the two hand sword, under which time wary and active persons may with the sword or other weapon give a thrust, Therefore for the avoiding of this danger, he must before he determine with himself to strike with the edge, first drive on a thrust, rather resolute then falsed, and as far forwards as both arms will stretch. In doing of the which, he shall force the enemy to retire so much, that he may easily thereupon deliver his edgeblow with the increase of a pace, nothing doubting that the enemy will strike home first with a thrust. Therefore when one stands at the high ward, one either side he must false a thrust, and increase a pace delivering therewithal such an edgeblow, as shall be most commodious to serve his turn, either right or reversed. And further may practice the like in the broad and low wards, in either of the which, it is more easy to false the said thrust, then in the other.
 
| And the third is the low ward, and in this the sword would be borne with the point somewhat upwards. And this ward has his opposite or contrary, by turning the sword on the other side, and crossing the arms. There may be framed many other wards: As for example, to bear the sword on high, with the point backwards, to the intent to drive a down right, or cleaving edgeblow: or else to bear it low with the point backwards, to the intent to drive it from beneath upwards. But in these wards falses are to small purpose: And if there be any one of them worth using, it should be the false of an edgeblow, the which at two hand sword is not to be used at all, because there is much time lost considering that immediately after the false, he must strike home with an edgeblow. For it is not commodious at the two hand sword, to false an edgeblow, and deliver home a thrust, because the weight or swing of the sword in delivering an edgeblow, transports the arms beyond their strength, so that they may very difficultly withhold the blow to such purpose, that they may be ale as it were in that instant to deliver a thrust. Therefore the false that should be used at the two hand sword, ought always to be framed with a thrust, and then an edgeblow right or reversed to be delivered, or else to false a high thrust, and deliver it beneath or elsewhere. But yet if one would needs false an edgeblow, let him do it with the false edge of the sword, then turning it in full circle, to deliver home the edgeblow, and in striking always to increase a pace. But when this false of the back or false edge is practiced, the arms being crossed, then if he would step forwards to strike he must increase a pace with the right foot. And if in any of these wards he would false a thrust, which is the best that may be used at the two hand sword, he must observe the very same notes and rules concerning the increasing of the pace. Further the thrust is falsed, and the edgeblow delivered home at the two hand sword for no other cause or consideration, then for that the said edgeblow is far more forcible then the thrust: For the two hand sword is long, by means whereof, in the delivery of the edgeblow, it makes a great circle. And moreover, it so weighty that very little and small strength, makes and forces the blow to go with great violence. But for as much as the striking with the edge is very dangerous considering it spends much time, and especially in the great compassing of the two hand sword, under which time wary and active persons may with the sword or other weapon give a thrust, Therefore for the avoiding of this danger, he must before he determine with himself to strike with the edge, first drive on a thrust, rather resolute then falsed, and as far forwards as both arms will stretch. In doing of the which, he shall force the enemy to retire so much, that he may easily thereupon deliver his edgeblow with the increase of a pace, nothing doubting that the enemy will strike home first with a thrust. Therefore when one stands at the high ward, one either side he must false a thrust, and increase a pace delivering therewithal such an edgeblow, as shall be most commodious to serve his turn, either right or reversed. And further may practice the like in the broad and low wards, in either of the which, it is more easy to false the said thrust, then in the other.
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| la terza sarà bassa ma in questa il spadone uuole esser tenuto con la punta un poco all'insu , & hauera la sua bassa opposta uolgendo il spadone nell'altra parte & incrociando le braccia, molte altre guardie si possono porre come tenir il spadone alto con la punta indietro per menar di taglio fendente, ouero tenirlo basso con la punta indietro per uenir a menar di sotto in su, ma a queste guardie riescono mal le finte & se pur alcuna finta in esse douesse riuscir, sarebbe finta di taglio la quale nel spadone a modo alcuno si deue usare per che ui si perde molto tempo, douendo doppo quelle finte ancora ferir di taglio per che non torna commodo con il spadone finger il taglio & ferir di punta percioche il peso del spadone nel ferir di taglio straporta le braccia onde difficilmente si puo ritener per ferir di punta , però la finta che si deura fare con il spadone deura sempre esser di punta, & ferir con il taglio o di dritto o di riuerso , ouero finger una punta alta & trarla bassa o in altro loco , & quando pure si uolesse finger il taglio , si deue finger il falso , & uoltar il tondo & ferir di taglio, & ferendo sempre crescer il passo , & quando questa finta di falso si fa hauendo le braccia in crociate & che dopo la finta si uoglia menar il riuerso , all'hora si cresce il passo sinistro , & trouandosi in qualunque delle altre guardie senza hauer le mani in croce , all'hora uolendo poi crescer a ferir si cresce il passo destro ; le medesme auertenze si danno hauer circa il crescer , uolendo in ciascuna di esse guardie finger la punta la quale e la miglior finta poßi fare il spadone , & non per altro con il spadone si finge la punta , & si ferisce di taglio se non per che il taglio ha molto piu forza che non ha la punta , per esser il spadone lungho onde forma nel ferir di taglio gran cerchio , & e poi di tanto peso che ogni poca forza lo fa colpir con gran uiolenza , 'ma percioche questo ferir di taglio e molto mal sicuro per che ui si perde molto tempo maßime nel giro grande delspadone,fatto ilqual tempo puo ogni accorto & presto ferir con spada o altro di punta,onde che per uitar questo pericolo prima che si risolua alcuno a ferir di taglio bisogna prima, spinger una punta che sia più presto risoluta che finta, per quanto si puo allungar ambe le braccia , con la quale si sara tanto ritirar l'inimicò che si potrà sicuramente uolger il taglio & crescer il passo senza dubitar che l'inimico giunga a prima a ferir di punta, quando dunque si ritrouerà in guardia alta in l'una o lalira banda si deuerà finger la punta crescendo insieme con il passo quel taglio che torna comodo o sia diritto o sia riuerso, & far il medesmo nella guardia larga, & nella bassa, nelle quali due è piu facil il finger questa punta che nell'altra,
 
 
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| And it is to be considered, when the edgeblow after the falsed thrust, is by a slope pace voided, that he suffer not his arms and sword by reason of the weight or swing thereof, far transported beyond his strength, that the sword light either on the ground or that he be forced thereby to discover all that part of his body which is before. Therefore the best remedy is, as soon as he shall perceive that he has delivered his blow in vain, that he suffer his sword to go (not with a full thwart circle, and so about his head) until the point be backwards beneath in such sort, that the circle or compass direct him to the high ward, in the which he may presently resolve himself and return either to strike again, or else defend himself on either side, so handling his weapon, as shall in that case be most for his advantage.
 
| And it is to be considered, when the edgeblow after the falsed thrust, is by a slope pace voided, that he suffer not his arms and sword by reason of the weight or swing thereof, far transported beyond his strength, that the sword light either on the ground or that he be forced thereby to discover all that part of his body which is before. Therefore the best remedy is, as soon as he shall perceive that he has delivered his blow in vain, that he suffer his sword to go (not with a full thwart circle, and so about his head) until the point be backwards beneath in such sort, that the circle or compass direct him to the high ward, in the which he may presently resolve himself and return either to strike again, or else defend himself on either side, so handling his weapon, as shall in that case be most for his advantage.
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| & è da auertir che quando auenisse che il taglio dopo la finta andasse uoto di non si lasciar trasportar in modo al peso del spadone che si dia o in terra, o che si resti della spada scoperti , & di tutta quella parte che è dinanzi, però subito che si accorgerà di hauer menato in uano si lasciera andar il spadone non di tutto tondo in torno alla testa ma con la punta indietro per da basso di modo che il giro lo porti in guardia alta nella quale poscia subito si puo risoluer di tornar a ferir o a difendersi da qual si uoglia banda formandola secondo che in quel caso piu torna comodo.
 
 
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| '''THE DEFENSES OF THE TWO HAND SWORD.'''
 
| '''THE DEFENSES OF THE TWO HAND SWORD.'''
 
The defenses of the two hand sword require a stout heart, for that the sustaining of such great blows, by reason whereof, a man considers not the advantage of time, being the most principal thing of all, causes him to fly or retire back holding for a certainty that every blow given therewith, is not possible to be warded. Therefore when he deals against an enemy, who uses likewise the two hand sword, he shall oppose himself in the low ward: And when a false thrust comes, if it come so far forwards that it may join home, he ought first to beat it off, and then to force a thrust at the enemy's face, or deliver an edgeblow downwards at the arms but not lifting up the sword in a compass. But for that these falsed thrusts for the most part are far off, and come not to the body, being used only to fear the enemy, and cause him to retire, that thereby one may have the more time to deliver an edgeblow with the increase of a pace (which pace causes the blow to go with greater violence:) and farther may discern and judge, by nearness of the enemy, whether the blow will hit home yea or no, for it is easily known how much the arms may be stretched forth: Therefore when this false thrust does not join or hit home, he ought not to endeavor to beat it off, but to expect when his enemy delivers his edgeblow, and then to increase a pace, and strike him with a thrust.
 
The defenses of the two hand sword require a stout heart, for that the sustaining of such great blows, by reason whereof, a man considers not the advantage of time, being the most principal thing of all, causes him to fly or retire back holding for a certainty that every blow given therewith, is not possible to be warded. Therefore when he deals against an enemy, who uses likewise the two hand sword, he shall oppose himself in the low ward: And when a false thrust comes, if it come so far forwards that it may join home, he ought first to beat it off, and then to force a thrust at the enemy's face, or deliver an edgeblow downwards at the arms but not lifting up the sword in a compass. But for that these falsed thrusts for the most part are far off, and come not to the body, being used only to fear the enemy, and cause him to retire, that thereby one may have the more time to deliver an edgeblow with the increase of a pace (which pace causes the blow to go with greater violence:) and farther may discern and judge, by nearness of the enemy, whether the blow will hit home yea or no, for it is easily known how much the arms may be stretched forth: Therefore when this false thrust does not join or hit home, he ought not to endeavor to beat it off, but to expect when his enemy delivers his edgeblow, and then to increase a pace, and strike him with a thrust.
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| '''DEL DIFFENDERE COL spadone.'''
 
LE DIFESE del spadone richiedono un cuore ardito, perche il tenere quei gran colpi del sapdone & percio non uoler considerar l'auantaggio del tempo che è il principal fa che gli huomini fugono tenendo ,per certo che ognibota di quello sia irreparabile, ritrouandosi dunque contra l'inimico con un altro spadone,gli si opponera sempre la guardia bassa & uenendo la finta punta se ella uien tanto inanti che possa giungere, prima che giunga si deue bater spingendoli subito una punta alla faccia ouero tirando giu di taglio per le braccia senza leuar il spadone in cerchio, ma perche queste punte finte al piu delle uolte son lontane , & non giongono alla uita , & son tratte per spauentare & far ritirar, per poter poi hauer tempo di menar il taglio con la cresciuta del passo che ua con maggior furia, & di questo poter giungere, o non, se ne può far giuditio , dalla uicinita dell'inimico,perche molto ben si fa quanto puo distender le braccia, quando dunque non potesse giungere non si deue curar di baterla ma espetar che leui il spadone per menar di taglio & in quel tempo crescer & ferir di punta ,
 
 
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| But if it happen him to deal against a two hand sword, with a single sword or dagger, assuring himself that the two hand sword cannot but strike but with a thrust or an edgeblow, for the defense of the thrust he may beat it off and retire himself, but if it be an edgeblow, then, as soon as the two hand sword is lifted up, in the same time he must increase forwards and deliver a thrust, or else if he have no time to strike he must encounter and bear the blow in the first part of the sword, which is near the hilts, taking hold thereof with one hand, and striking him with the other. And this he may perform, if he be nimble and active, because the two hand sword carries but small force in that place.
 
| But if it happen him to deal against a two hand sword, with a single sword or dagger, assuring himself that the two hand sword cannot but strike but with a thrust or an edgeblow, for the defense of the thrust he may beat it off and retire himself, but if it be an edgeblow, then, as soon as the two hand sword is lifted up, in the same time he must increase forwards and deliver a thrust, or else if he have no time to strike he must encounter and bear the blow in the first part of the sword, which is near the hilts, taking hold thereof with one hand, and striking him with the other. And this he may perform, if he be nimble and active, because the two hand sword carries but small force in that place.
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| & accadendo che si ritrouasse esser contra un spadone con una sola spada o pugnale essendo certo che non puo menar se non o di punta o di taglio, per riparar le punte si puo baterle & ritirarsi , ma se uiene al menar di taglio, subito che leua il spadone bisogna iu quel tempo crescer inanzi & ferir di punta, o non hauendo tempo di ferir incontrar & sostenir il colpo del spadene nelle prime parti facendone con luna delle mani presa & con laltra ferendo, & questo uien fatto pur che si sia presto perche in quel luoco il spadone ha poca forza.
 
 
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! <p>Italian Transcription (1570)<br/>by [[Kelly Hatcher]]</p>
 
! <p>Italian Transcription (1570)<br/>by [[Kelly Hatcher]]</p>
 
! <p>English Transcription (1594)<br/>Open for editing</p>
 
! <p>English Transcription (1594)<br/>Open for editing</p>
! <p>Italian Transcription (1570)<br/>by [[Niccolò Menozzi]]</p>
 
  
 
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  | source title= Document circulated online
 
  | source title= Document circulated online
 
  | license    = educational
 
  | license    = educational
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = Italian Transcription
 
| authors    = [[Niccolò Menozzi]]
 
| source link = https://books.google.it/books?id=8kdbAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=it&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false/
 
| source title= Ragione di adoprar sicuramente l'Arme by Giacomo di Grassi
 
| license    = noncommercial
 
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
 
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>

Revision as of 18:07, 10 February 2018

Giacomo di Grassi
Born 16th century
Modena, Italy
Died after 1594
London, England
Occupation Fencing master
Genres Fencing manual
Language
Notable work(s) Ragione di adoprar sicuramente l'Arme (1570)
First printed
english edition
His True Arte of Defence (1594)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Český Překlad

Giacomo di Grassi was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about the life of this master, but he seems to have been born in Modena, Italy and acquired some fame as a fencing master in his youth. He operated a fencing school in Trevino and apparently traveled around Italy observing the teachings of other schools and masters.

Ultimately di Grassi seems to have developed his own method, which he laid out in great detail in his 1570 work Ragione di adoprar sicuramente l'Arme ("Discourse on Wielding Arms with Safety"). In 1594, a new edition of his book was printed in London under the title His True Arte of Defence, translated by an admirer named Thomas Churchyard and published by an I. Iaggard.

Treatise

While di Grassi's teachings were arguably designed for the side sword, the English translation renders spada ("sword") as "rapier". The translator justifies this by pointing out that English distinguishes between "sword" and "rapier" while Italian does not, and in Italy as well as England the common civilian weapon carried by gentlemen was the rapier (and dagger), not the sword. However, he goes on to note, the reader should not construe the word in such a narrow sense as to exclude the sword altogether. This decision is particularly odd in light of the fact that the new illustrations created for this edition portrayed swords which were shorter and broader than those of the Italian.

Additional Resources

References