Wiktenauer logo.png

Difference between revisions of "Giovanni dall'Agocchie"

From Wiktenauer
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 91: Line 91:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>'''Preface by Mr. Giovanni dall’Agocchie, Bolognese, to his book on the art of fencing.'''
+
| class="noline" | <p>'''Preface by Mr. Giovanni dall’Agocchie, Bolognese, to his book on the art of fencing.'''
  
 
<p>It has always been esteemed laudable to be of use and to do good deeds to others. In consideration whereof, I resolved to reduce into a brief treatise as much of the understanding and practice of the art of fencing as I have been able to learn and put to the test over many years. Nor could this proposal elude me, seeing that many excellent men have widely written upon this topic, since they have failed to speak of some things which may be among the most important to know. And because this art is difficult to describe in a way that can be understood well, one may still come to deal with it anew as it may always be further elucidated.</p>
 
<p>It has always been esteemed laudable to be of use and to do good deeds to others. In consideration whereof, I resolved to reduce into a brief treatise as much of the understanding and practice of the art of fencing as I have been able to learn and put to the test over many years. Nor could this proposal elude me, seeing that many excellent men have widely written upon this topic, since they have failed to speak of some things which may be among the most important to know. And because this art is difficult to describe in a way that can be understood well, one may still come to deal with it anew as it may always be further elucidated.</p>
Line 98: Line 98:
  
 
<p>In consequence whereof I do not hold these discourses of mine to have turned out to be useless. I have composed them in the form of a dialogue for their more ready understanding by whomever in whose hands they arrive. In precisely that fashion did it pass that I had discussions thereof in Brescia, in the house of the very illustrious Signore Girolamo Martimenghi, with Mr. Lepido Ranieri, a youth of a sensible and virtuous bearing, who well understands the practice of fencing. After many discussions with him, both of us being led to the garden, he began to speak thus:</p>
 
<p>In consequence whereof I do not hold these discourses of mine to have turned out to be useless. I have composed them in the form of a dialogue for their more ready understanding by whomever in whose hands they arrive. In precisely that fashion did it pass that I had discussions thereof in Brescia, in the house of the very illustrious Signore Girolamo Martimenghi, with Mr. Lepido Ranieri, a youth of a sensible and virtuous bearing, who well understands the practice of fencing. After many discussions with him, both of us being led to the garden, he began to speak thus:</p>
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
 
{{pagetb|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf|11|lbl=3|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf|12|lbl=3v|p=1}}
 
{{pagetb|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf|11|lbl=3|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf|12|lbl=3v|p=1}}
  
Line 312: Line 312:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <p>''Falso dritto and manco.''</p>
 +
 +
<p>The ''falso dritto'' will proceed from your right side, going from low to high along the line of the ''mandritto''. ''ridoppio'' ''falso manco'' will proceed from your left side, going from low to high along the line of the ''riverso ridoppio''. And this will do for the ''falso''. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/23|2|lbl=9r.2}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Lep: I’ve followed these two heading completely. Following your order, it now remains for you to mention of the guards. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/23|3|lbl=9r.3}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>''There are eight guards which are the most important.''</p>
 +
 +
<p>Gio: Coming to the guards now, I’ll tell you that there are a lot of them, both low and high, but there are eight that are the most important, four high and four low. Of the low ones, two are done with the right foot forward, and two with the left. And they have two names, namely ''coda lunga'' and ''porta di ferro''. ''Coda lunga'' will be when the sword is held outside of your right side, and it is divided into two different guards, one of which is called ''coda lunga stretta'', and the other ''alta''. </p>
 +
 +
<p>''Coda lunga.''</p>
 +
 +
<p>''Coda lunga stretta'' is that which is done with the right foot forward, and ''coda lunga alta'' with the left foot, always holding the sword outside of the right side with the arm will extended and near the knee on the outside, and with the point aimed at the enemy. This is named so on account of its similarity to great men, who are perpetually accompanied by many people, and hence one hears the common proverb, “beware of those who have the long tail”, that is, that have a following. And likewise one needs to beware of this guard, because it has the long tail. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/23|4|lbl=9r.4}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>''Porta di ferro.''</p>
 +
 +
<p>The second is called ''porta di ferro'', owing to its similarity to an iron gate, which takes a lot of effort and skill to batter down. Just so, to wound someone positioned in this guard requires skill and wit. This is similarly divided into two types, the one called ''porta di ferro'' and the other ''cinghiale''. The first ''porta di ferro'' is when you have the right foot forward and the sword, with your fist, aimed at the enemy. But ''cinghiale porta di ferro'' is when you have the left foot forward and on the diagonal, that is, toward your left side, and the sword hand near the left knee on the inside; and the right shoulder facing the enemy. It is named thus by comparison with the boar, or wild pig as we say, which, when it is attacked, approaches with its tusks on the diagonal in order to wound. And these are the low guards. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/23|5|lbl=9r.5|p=1}} {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/24|1|lbl=9v.1|p=1}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Lep: I would be grateful to know, since you’ve called one of the guards “''coda lunga stretta'',” whether one could similarly apply “''porta di ferro stretta''” to one of the others. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/24|2|lbl=9v.2}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Gio: They are called ''stretta'', ''lunga'', and ''alta'', because this guard can be formed in three ways, and likewise with ''coda lunga''. But to keep things brief, I hadn’t intended to mention the others, and had contented myself for now for you to have understood ''porta di ferro'' and ''coda lunga'', with the right foot as well as the left foot forward, there being little difference between the two. But since you appear so curious to know everything, I’ll tell you. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/24|3|lbl=9v.3}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>''Porta di ferro stretta, and larga.''</p>
 +
 +
<p>Every time that you have your right foot forward one pace, which will be neither large nor small, but proportionate, with the sword hand on the inside near the right knee, and the point thereof aimed at the enemy, this will be named ''porta di ferro stretta''; and it was named “''stretta''” for being a very secure guard. But if you distance your hand from your knee somewhat, toward your left side, lowering the point toward the ground a bit, it will be called ''porta di ferro larga'', because it makes the body greatly uncovered. And being in ''porta di ferro larga'', if you raise the sword hand somewhat, this will be ''porta di ferro alta'', through being higher than the other two. And this, which I’ve said about ''porta di ferro'', can equally be said about the guard ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. Now I said above that the guard of ''coda lunga'' is also divided into three types. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/24|4|lbl=9v.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/25|1|lbl=10r.1|p=1}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>''Coda lunga of three types.''</p>
 +
 +
<p>The first is done with the right foot forward toward your right side, and the sword hand on the outside and near the right knee, and with the point and body facing the enemy; and it is called  ''coda lunga stretta'', also on account of being a narrow and very secure guard. The second, when, being in  ''coda lunga stretta'', you draw your hand and sword back somewhat, holding the point low, will be called ''coda lunga larga'', and is named such because the sword is distanced further from the enemy. The third, being in ''coda lunga larga'', turning the point of the sword to the rear, is called ''coda lunga distesa'', and it also took this name from ''coda lunga'' because the sword is extended backwards. Three guards can be formed with the left foot forward, namely ''coda lunga alta'', ''coda lunga larga'', and ''coda lunga distesa'', and they are named such for the aforesaid reasons. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/25|2|lbl=10r.2}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Lep: Mr. Giovanni, I do not yet regret my curiosity, since it has led me to learn from you more than I had planned, thanks to your kindness. Therefore continue onwards with your discussion. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/25|3|lbl=10r.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <p>''Guard and its types.''</p>
 +
 +
<p>Gio: Regarding the high guards, the first is called '''guardia d’alicorno'', and is recognized when the handle is turned entirely down, and the arm is well extended, and the point somewhat low, which is aimed at the face or breast of the enemy, in a manner similar to the unicorn, which, being attacked, fights in that manner with its horn. The second is called ''guardia di testa'', which is when one holds the arm well extended toward the enemy’s face, and the sword on the diagonal, that is, so that its point goes toward your left side, and somewhat towards the ground, and it is called that because it protects the upper parts. The third is called ''guardia di faccia'', and is seen when the arm is well extended with the palm of the hand turned upwards, and the true edge of the sword facing inward, that is, toward the left side, and the point together with the right flank must face toward the enemy’s face. This is called such, because it guards the face excellently. The fourth will be called ''guardia d’entrare'', which is done the opposite of the previous one, that is, one holds the arm and the sword extended, still at the enemy’s face, but the palm faces down and the true edge of the sword has to face outward, that is, toward the right side, and the body must have its right side turned somewhat toward the enemy. It is named thus because it is a very strong guard for entering. These four guards can be done in two ways, namely with either the right or the left foot forward. And so much for the third heading. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/25|4|lbl=10r.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/26|1|lbl=10v.1|p=1}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Lep: Now I’d like to know whether there are other high guards in use beyond these. Could you mention any? </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/26|2|lbl=10v.2}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Gio: There remain three of them that I thought it desirable to discuss with you, so that you’d have information about all of them. The first is called ''guardia alta'' and is seen when the handle of the sword faces upward with the arm well extended, and the point is turned toward the rear, and this is named on account of being the highest one that can be formed. The second one is done with the sword over the left arm. And the third, underneath, making the point face toward the rear, and they retain the same name. But having already dealt with the guards sufficiently, in this fourth heading we’ll discuss stepping in them. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/26|3|lbl=10v.3}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Lep: I’ll be grateful for this. But first I want to know, regarding these guards that you’ve already discussed, which you’ve named in various ways, whether you could designate them otherwise, and for what reason they’re named as they are. Why have I heard differing opinions about this so many times? </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/26|4|lbl=10v.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/27|1|lbl=11r.1|p=1}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Gio: You must know that such names were applied to the guards by the ancients, and then confirmed by moderns through their use. And they are understood by such and accepted, if not by all, then by at least the greater part of those whose eyes are open to the art. It’s not that they couldn’t be named otherwise, but introducing new names to ears accustomed to earlier ones wouldn’t be anything but a profitless annoyance, and a change devoid of benefit. It’s true that anyone can form them in his own way, as long as he is understood. But following the accepted rule and the practice of the majority, we’ll leave them as we’ve found them. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/27|2|lbl=11r.2}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Lep: Since you’ve satisfied me with respect to the names given to the guards and the reasons for them, following the order taken, I hope that you’ll provide me with understanding of the way to step in them. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/27|3|lbl=11r.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 +
| <p>''Stepping in the guards: how it is done.''</p>
 +
 +
<p>Gio: One steps with reason and art, and goes in all the guards to find the adversary. This can be done by beginning with either foot, on the diagonal or having one foot drive the other forward, according to the time and the need. Nonetheless, stepping with a pace neither large nor small is of greater utility, because thereby you can both advance forward and retire back without bodily discomfort, always accompanying the hand with the foot. But you must be advised that the forward leg must be a bit bent at the knee, and its foot must point straight toward the enemy; and the rear leg will be a bit curved and with its foot somewhat on the diagonal, in such a manner that every movement will be full of grace. And so much for the fourth heading. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/27|4|lbl=11r.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/28|1|lbl=11v.1|p=1}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Lep: I would dearly appreciate it if you were to present to me better the way that one must follow in stepping in the said guards with the sword in hand, which I haven’t heard enough of. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/28|2|lbl=11v.2}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Gio: Suppose you have your sword at your left side, in the act of laying hand upon it, and the heel of your right foot near your left one. Both your knees will be straight and not bowed, arranging yourself with as much grace as possible. Having done this, you’ll put your right foot forward toward your right side, and in that tempo you’ll extend your arm and do a ''falso'', and a ''riverso sgualimbro''; or do two ''riversi'', the first ''tondo'' and the second likewise ''sgualimbro''; thereby going with your sword into ''coda lunga stretta''. And from here you’ll step forward with your left foot toward your left side, doing a ''falso'' and ''mandritto sgualimbro'' in that instant, and the sword will fall into ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. And then you’ll go forward one pace with your right foot, and in that tempo you’ll turn a ''dritto tramazzone'', which will end in ''porta di ferro stretta''. Then you’ll advance with your left foot, doing a ''falso'', and a ''riverso sgualimbro'', and the sword will go into ''coda lunga alta''. Then you’ll step forward with your right foot and in the same tempo you’ll throw a ''riverso ridoppio'', stopping the sword in '''guardia d’alicorno''. And being fixed in the said guard you’ll drive an ''imbroccata'' without any taking any step, and the sword will stop in ''porta di ferro stretta''. From here you’ll withdraw your right foot a pace, and all in one tempo you’ll execute a ''falso'' and a ''riverso sgualimbro'', and the sword will return to ''coda lunga alta''. Then you’ll draw your left foot back, and next turn a ''mandritto tramazzone'', which will end in ''porta di ferro stretta''. Then you’ll return your right foot back a pace, turning a ''dritto tramazzone'' in that tempo, with which you’ll fall into ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. And from here, you’ll draw the left foot back, doing a ''falso'' and ''riverso sgualimbro'' in that instant, and the sword will return to ''coda lunga stretta'', and thus you’ll be returned to the same place with the same guards. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/28|3|lbl=11v.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/29|1|lbl=12r.1|p=1}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Lep: Why do you want me to step forward, and then return backwards? </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/29|2|lbl=12r.2}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Gio: Because you get good practice in changing guards as much forward as back, which is necessary in the art, and of very great utility; and so that you understand, this stepping is one of the chief things that you must practice if you want to have grace with weapons in hand. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/29|3|lbl=12r.3}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Lep: It seems to me that I’ve been well informed about all the blows that can be thrown with the sword, and of the guards with their names, and of the manner that one must observe in assuming them and in stepping in them. There now remain the fifth and six headings. As they are more important, I don’t want to burden you by discussing them at as much length as you can, in particular regarding the unaccompanied sword, and then, if there’s time, with other arms. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/29|4|lbl=12r.4}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Gio: Nothing about that bothers me, and I hope to be able to please you in this. But it seems to me that the hour is late, and the discussion won’t be a brief one, so I believe it would be proper to defer it until tomorrow. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/29|5|lbl=12r.5}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" | <p>Lep: Let’s do as you wish. </p>
 +
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/29|6|lbl=12r.6}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
Line 334: Line 438:
 
! <p>{{rating|C}} (2007)<br/>by [[W. Jherek Swanger]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C}} (2007)<br/>by [[W. Jherek Swanger]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf}}<br/>by [[Andrea Morassutto]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf}}<br/>by [[Andrea Morassutto]]</p>
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/29|7|lbl=12r.7|p=1}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  

Revision as of 05:44, 9 November 2023

Giovanni dall'Agocchie
Born March 9, 1547
Bologna, Italy
Died 16th century (?)
Occupation Fencing master
Patron Fabio Pepoli, Count of Castiglione (?)
Movement Dardi tradition
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (1572)
Translations Traduction française

Giovanni dall'Agocchie di Bologna (dalle Agocchie, Agucchi, Agocchia; b. March 9, 1547) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life apart from that he was a citizen of Bologna. In 1572, dall'Agocchie wrote and published a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, titled Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre ("Three Books on the Art of Defense"). He dedicated it to Fabio Pepoli, Count of Castiglione, but it's unclear if he was ever attached to the comital court.

Treatise

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. NdT – Cette image de l’ange associé aux initiales F.P renvoie au Vénitien Francesco Portonari - Voir Giuseppina Zappella, p89, Le marche dei tipografi e degli editori italiani del Cinquecento. Repertorio di figure, simboli e soggetti e dei relativi motti. Milano, Editrice Bibliografica, 1986, 2 v. "Grandi Opere, 1”.