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{{Infobox medieval text
 
<!----------Name---------->
 
| name                  = [[name::Nuremberg Group]]{{#set:title=Nuremberg Group}}
 
| alternative title(s)  =
 
<!----------Image---------->
 
| image                = File:Cod.I.6.4º.2 20v21r.png
 
| width                =
 
| caption              = Codex Wallerstein, ff 20v - 21r
 
<!----------Information---------->
 
| full title            =
 
| also known as        =
 
| author(s)            = {{plainlist
 
| Principal unknown
 
| [[Antonius Rast]]
 
}}
 
| ascribed to          =
 
| compiled by          = {{plainlist
 
| [[Albrecht Dürer]]
 
| [[Paulus Hector Mair]]
 
}}
 
| illustrated by        = {{plainlist
 
| Principal unknown
 
| [[Albrecht Dürer]]
 
}}
 
| patron                =
 
| dedicated to          =
 
| audience              =
 
| language              = [[language::Early New High German]]
 
| date                  = ca. [[year::1470s]]
 
| date of issue        =
 
| provenance            =
 
| state of existence    = Original hypothetical; several <br/>fragmentary copies exist
 
| authenticity          =
 
| series                =
 
| archetype(s)          =
 
| manuscript(s)        = {{collapsible list
 
| [[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Cod. I.6.4º.2]] (ca. 1470s)
 
| [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (1508)
 
| [[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Libr. pict. A.83]] (ca. 1510s)
 
| [[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|MS 26-232]] (1512)
 
| [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichsstadt Nr. 82]] (1553)
 
| [[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (Cod. 1246)|Cod. 1246]] (1600s)
 
}}
 
| principal manuscript(s)=
 
| first printed edition =
 
| wiktenauer compilation by= [[Michael Chidester]]
 
<!----------Form and content---------->
 
| verse form            =
 
| length                =
 
| illustration(s)      =
 
| genre                = {{plainlist
 
| [[Fencing manual]]
 
| [[Wrestling manual]]
 
}}
 
| subject              =
 
| setting              =
 
| period covered        =
 
| personages            =
 
| personages (long list)=
 
| sources              =
 
| translations          = {{collapsible list
 
| {{French translation|Nuremberg Group/French|2}}
 
| {{German translation|http://www.salafenix.eu/docs/biblio/tratados/Anonimo.Codex_Wallerstein_Ringen.Marlon_Hoss_Bottger.2003.en.pdf|1}}
 
| {{Slovenian translation|http://scholapugnatoria.si/?page_id{{=}}672|1}}
 
| {{Spanish translation|http:///www.aveh.eu/documentos/EdadMedia/Wallersteincas.pdf|1}}
 
}}
 
| below                =
 
}}
 
The '''Nuremberg Group''' is a series of [[century::15th century|15th]] and 16th century [[nationality::German]] manuscripts that describe a common set of techniques and seem to have originated in the area of Nuremberg, Germany. It has been suggested that these treatises define a local martial arts tradition native to that city, which would be a subset of the mainstream German style. The first two sections of the [[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Codex Wallerstein]] are the oldest entry in the group, and it's possible that the later treatises are dependent on it, particularly that of [[Albrecht Dürer]]. However, this issue is complicated by the fact that the first grappling section of the [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Fechtbuch]], which is comprised of material not drawn from Wallerstein, contains much of the remainder of Dürer's work.
 
 
Despite the existence of several [[fencing manual]]s describing these teachings, there are few known masters of this tradition. A master [[Hartman von Nuremberg]] is mentioned by [[Paulus Kal]] as a member of the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]],<ref>[[Paulus Kal|Kal, Paulus]]. Untitled [manuscript]. [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Cgm 1507]]. Munich, Germany: [[Bayerische Staatsbibliothek]], 1470.</ref> but no writings of his that might demonstrate a connection to the tradition are known to exist. Despite attempts by a few modern writers to connect Albrecht Dürer to the [[Marxbrüder]] fencing guild, there is no evidence suggesting that he was anything but a master painter, and it seems unlikely that he practiced the techniques in his book.<ref>J. Christoph Amberger. "[http://web.archive.org/web/20060518155508/http://swordhistory.com/excerpts/masters.html The Death of History: Historic European fighting arts in the Mis-information Age]". ''Fencers Quarterly Magazine''. Retrieved 12 October 2010.</ref> In fact, the only known master whose connection to the tradition is certain is [[Antonius Rast]], a former Captain of the Marxbrüder who left a partially-completed fencing manual upon his death in 1549. This manuscript was later acquired and completed by [[Paulus Hector Mair]], and it seems to have influenced his own writings to some extent.
 
 
 
== Treatises ==
 
== Treatises ==
  
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! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|start}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|start}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcription by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Version]] (1508)<br/>Transcription by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Version]] (1508)<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcription by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version II]] (1553)<br/>Transcription by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version II]] (1553)<br/>Transcribed by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,492: Line 1,420:
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C|Translation (from the Augsburg II)}}<br>by [[Chuck Wyatt]] and [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C|Translation (from the Augsburg II)}}<br>by [[Chuck Wyatt]] and [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcription by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcription by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version II]] (1553)<br/>Transcription by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version II]] (1553)<br/>Transcribed by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,757: Line 1,685:
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcription by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcription by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version II]] (1553)<br/>Transcription by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version II]] (1553)<br/>Transcribed by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,816: Line 1,744:
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|b}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcription by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcription by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version II]] (1553)<br/>Transcription by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version II]] (1553)<br/>Transcribed by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 2,087: Line 2,015:
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcription by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcription by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version II]] (1553)<br/>Transcription by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version II]] (1553)<br/>Transcribed by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 2,161: Line 2,089:
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcription by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Augsburg Version I]] (1470s)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
 
! <p>[[Berlin Picture Book (Libr.Pict.A.83)|Berlin Version]] (1510s)</p>
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcription by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
+
! <p>[[OPLODIDASKALIA sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Version]] (1512)<br/>Transcribed by [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer]]</p>
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version II]] (1553)<br/>Transcription by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version II]] (1553)<br/>Transcribed by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
 
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
 
{{master end}}
 
{{master end}}
 
== Additional Resources ==
 
 
* [[Friedrich Dörnhöffer|Dörnhöffer, Friedrich]]. ''[http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/fencing/albrecht.pdf Albrecht Dürers Fechtbuch].'' Vienna: F. Tempsky, 1909.
 
* [[Albrecht Dürer|Dürer, Albrecht]] and [[Karl Wassmannsdorff|Wassmannsdorff, Karl]]. {{Google books|hb1AAAAAcAAJ|Die Ringkunst des deutschen Mittelalters}}. Liepzig: Priber, 1870.
 
* [[Ott Jud]]; [[Albrecht Dürer|Dürer, Albrecht]]; [[Fabian von Auerswald|Auerswald, Fabian von]]; [[Nicolaes Petter|Petter, Nicolaes]]; [[Johann Georg Pascha|Paschen, Johann]]. ''Chronik alter Kampfkünste: Zeichnungen und Texte aus Schriften alter Meister entstanden 1443-1674''. Weinmann, 2003. ISBN 978-3878920311
 
* Strauss, Walter L. ''The complete drawings of Albrecht Dürer.'' New York: Abaris Books, 1974. ISBN 0913870005
 
* [[Rainer Welle|Welle, Rainer]]. ''…vnd mit der rechten faust ein mordstuck - Baumanns Fecht- und Ringkampfhandschrift''. Herbert Utz Verlag, 2014. ISBN 978-3831643776
 
* [[Rainer Welle|Welle, Rainer]]. ''"…und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen". Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert.'' Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993. ISBN 3-89085-755-8
 
* [[Grzegorz Żabiński|Żabiński, Grzegorz]] and [[Bartłomiej Walczak|Walczak, Bartłomiej]]. ''Codex Wallerstein: A Medieval Fighting Book from the Fifteenth Century on the Longsword, Falchion, Dagger, and Wrestling''. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2002. ISBN 978-1-58160-585-3
 
 
== References ==
 
 
{{reflist|2}}
 
{{Liechtenauer tradition}}
 
__FORCETOC__
 
[[Category:Orphan Treatise]]
 
 
[[Category:German]]
 
 
[[Category:Translation]]
 
 
[[Category:Dagger]]
 
[[Category:Grappling]]
 
[[Category:Longsword]]
 
[[Category:Messer]]
 
[[Category:Messer and Shield‎]]
 
 
[[Category:Format on hold]]
 

Revision as of 04:03, 18 December 2021

Treatises

The Wrocław Codex 1246 was lost during World War II and cannot presently be integrated into this concordance. Fortunately, Friedrich Dörnhöffer referenced this text extensively in his 1909 edition Albrecht Dürers Fechtbuch. In the transcription, he included notes where the text of the Codex 1246 differs from that of the MS 26-232; those notes have been preserved in this compilation, indicated by footnotes with the abbreviation Br.

While the Berlin Picture Book contains a wealth of high-quality illustrations, it draws on multiple sources aside from the Nuremberg tradition including Hans Talhoffer's writings and a series of anonymous sword and buckler images. Because of this, images which don't overlap other works in the tradition can't be verified as belonging to it and thus are omitted here.

  1. dauchen : drücken, niederdrücken.
  2. Im Fechten gibt es den Zwerhau, der in dieser Handschrift als Twir bezeichnet wird, in anderen Quellen aber auch Twirch geschrieben wird, von zwerch = schräg, quer. Zum einen würde diese Bedeutung in Verbindung mit dem Ringen hier keinen wirklichen Sinn ergeben, zum anderen wäre die Schreibweise mit „b“, auch wenn dieses stimmlos gesprochen werden kann, äußerst ungewöhnlich. Im Rheinischen Wörterbuch findet sich dagegen der Begriff Pirch = Pferch = Einzäunung. Diese Bedeutung ergibt im Ringen mehr Sinn und könnte hier evtl. mit „Umklammerung“ übersetzt werden.
  3. der erste Buchstabe (p) ist nicht sauber geschrieben. pern stossen = Bärenstoß?
  4. es fehlt die „fünfft tbirch“, Dafür hat das Stück zwischen der drit und der vierdt tbirch keine Nummerierung.
  5. 5. plötzlich, unversehens.
  6. hier zu lesen als: fringt = ringt.
  7. The addition is difficult to read on the document, but results from the Table of Contents
  8. von äbich: abstehend, verkehrt (Deutsches Wörterbuch of the Brothers Grimm)
  9. The following pictures are marked with numbers underneath. As on the original the numbering is difficult to read, it was omitted in the transcription of the plays.
  10. das „b“ bei „nymbt“ wurde nachträglich aus vermutlich ursprünglich „y“ verbessert
  11. alt: fulcrum
  12. das „h“ ist über das vermutete „g“ geschrieben
  13. Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the previous device, those belong hereafter."
  14. Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the other devices before."