View source for Adam van Breen

{{Infobox writer
| name                 = Adam van Breen
| image                = 
| imagesize            = 
| caption              = 

| pseudonym            = 
| birthname            = 
| birthdate            = 1585
| birthplace           = Amsterdam
| deathdate            = 1642
| deathplace           = Norway
| occupation           = {{plainlist
 | Painter
 | Engraver
}}
| nationality          = Dutch
| ethnicity            = 
| citizenship          = 
| education            = 
| alma_mater           = 
| patron               = 

| spouse               = Maria Gelle
| children             = 
| relatives            = 
| period               = 
| movement             = 
| influences           = 
| influenced           = 

| genre                = [[Drill manual]]
| language             = {{plainlist
 | [[language::Dutch]]
 | [[language::Early New High German]]
 | [[language::Middle French]]
}}
| notableworks         = ''[[De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen)|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van <br/>Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe]]'' (1618)
| archetype            = 
| manuscript(s)        = 
| principal manuscript(s)=
| first printed edition= 
| wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]]

| signature            = 
| below                = 
}}
'''Adam van Breen''' (Amsterdam, 1585 - Norway, after 1642) was a Dutch artist from the Golden Age. Van Breen was born in 1585, most likely in Amsterdam, and specialized in winter landscapes. He was married in The Hague on 13 February, 1611, to Maertje Castel. In 1612, he became a member of the Guild of Saint Luke (the painter's guild), which membership lasted until 1621. After he went bankrupt in Amsterdam in 1624, he left for Oslo but returned to Amsterdam in 1628. In 1636, he left for Norway again, where he helped decorate the Akershus Castle among other things. He stayed in Norway until his death, some time after 1642. Van Breen was influenced by Hendrick Avercamp and David Vinckboons, he was possibly a pupil of one of them.

== HEMA Contributions ==

In 1617, van Breen created a series of prints illustrating militia drill with the pike and shield, and the sword and shield. They were published in 1618 in the Hague, Netherlands, by [[Aert Meuris]] under the title ''[[De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen)|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe]]'' ("On the Weapon-Handling of Nassau with Shield, Spear, Rapier, and Target"); the first printing included Dutch, French, and German editions, with descriptions and commentary by an anonymous author. The structure and format of the treatise is strongly reminiscent of ''[[Wapenhandelinghe van Roers Musquetten ende Spiessen (Jacob de Gheyn II)|Wapenhandelinghe van Roers Musquetten ende Spiessen]]'' by [[Jacob de Gheyn II]], and could possibly have been intended as an addendum to Gheyn's work.

In this concordance, the text of 1625 English publication has been placed in the first transcription column, owing to the fact that a modernized English version has not yet been produced from one of the original languages. (Unfortunately, the Bodleian Library's copy, from which this transcription was made, is missing several pages.) The text of the other languages has been rearranged to match the English where applicable, but can be read in its original order on the transcription pages.

{{master begin
  | title = Preface and Introduction
  | width = 210em
}}
{| class="master"
|- 
! <p>Images</p>
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation (from the French)}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
! <p>English Version (1625)<br/>Transcribed by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>Dutch Version (1618){{edit index|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Deandra de Looff]]</p>
! <p>Dutch Version  (1618){{edit index|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Jasper Boelsma]] & [[Deandra de Looff]]</p>
! <p>French Version (1618){{edit index|Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf}}</p>
! <p>German Version (1618){{edit index|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf}}</p>

|- 
| rowspan="3" | [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe Title.png|300px|center]]
| <p>'''The Wielding of Arms of Nassau''', ''with'' Rotellas, Pikes, Swords, and Targes. ''Represented by Figures according to the new order of the Very Illustrious Prince'' '''Maurice of Nassau''', Governor, Admiral, and Captain-General of the United Provinces of Netherlands, etc.</p>
| <p>'''Mars his Feild or The Exercise of Armes'''</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/11|1|lbl=Ttl}}
| 
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/3|1|lbl=Ttl}}
| <p>'''Neuwe Nassauwische Waffen-Handlung''' von Schilt, Spies, Rappier und Targa. Figurlich abgebildet nach der neuw invertirte Ordnung des Durchleuchtigen hochgebornen Fursten und herren, herren '''Mauritzen''', Printzen zu Oranien, Graven zu Nassau, &c. Obristen Velchherren, Admiral, und Capitein General der vereynigten Niederlendischen Provincien:</p>

|- 
| <p>''By'' '''Adam van Breen''', With Instruction in writing for your Captains and Commanders, newly illuminated.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/11|2|lbl=-}}
| 
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/3|2|lbl=-}}
| <p>Dursh '''Adam''' von '''Breen'''. Mit beygefeugter schriftlichen underrichtung zu dienst aller Capiteinen und Befelchaberen neuwelich ins licht gebracht.</p>

|- 
| <p>'''Printed''' Year 1618, at the Hague in Holland, with Privilege of the Imperial Majesty.<ref>I do not yet know the abbreviation, but "Mat." is also used in the Dutch transciption and the trascriber typed out "Majesteit" or Majesty.</ref>, and of the Most Christian King of France, also from the High and Mighty Lords of the State Generals of the United Provinces of the Netherlands.

Printed by Arnoult Meuris<ref>I found several print references to an Arnoult Meuris in the 1600s at the Hague. I believe this is likely him</ref>.</p>
| <p>And are to be sold by Roger Daniell at the Angell in lombard streete</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/11|3|lbl=-}}
| 
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/3|3|lbl=-}}
| <p>'''Getruckt''' Anno 1618. In des Graffen haagen, mit privilegien der Kans. Ma<sup>t</sup>. und des Kōnigs in Francreich, als auch dern Ho. Mōg. Herren Staten general der Veraynigten Niederlanden.</p>


|- 
| 
| <p>'''TO ALL ADMIRERS''' OF '''ARMS WIELDING''' ADAM VAN BREEN wishes them prosperity and hapiness.</p>

<p>'''F'''LAVIUS VEGETIUS, the ancient author who is near to us lives through the writings in the Latin language on military order and wielding of the Arms of the Romans, testifies, which even the Histories report quite clearly, that the Romans, through no other means, became the masters of the entire universe than through serious wielding and continual exercise of arms. For what could (said the aforementioned Author) a small troop and a handful of Romans do against the multitude of Gauls? What can the little Italians do against these high and mighty Germans? It is notorious enough that the Spaniards not only in number, but also in bodily strength surpassed them. And that in the beginning there was nothing to compare to the cunning and wealth of the Africans, indeed, even to the prudence of the Greeks. Against all of this, it has been required and necessary, first of all in war, to select and maintain the dexterous and generous youth, and of those to train in the true wielding of arms by the Campidoctores (Vegetius gives such a name to Commanders and Officers who are teachers trained and experienced in arms) to learn and teach: The tardy and nonchalants duly punished; the virtuous and lively rewarded. Finally to make warriors out of them, transform them through continual, robust, and correct exercise. Since in Campaign, nothing could arise where they would not know be well-prepared for every occurrences and armed against every dangers - well-determined to resist and defend themselves and also ready if necessary to fearlessly seize the enemy.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/13|1|lbl=1}}
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| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/5|1|lbl=1}}
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/89|1|lbl=77}}

|-  
| 
| <p>The science and wielding of arms engenders and nourishes generosity in Combat. There is no person who would be able to execute on Campaign what he would not have learned correctly at Home stronger than the exercise of arms for the good of the Republics and Cities caused by a singular profit and prosperity in War. A General of an Army will execute more with a small troop of experienced soldiers than with a large army of badly trained men. The Greeks and especially the Romans have remarked on this, and those who succeeded them, great advantage will have befallen them.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/13|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/5|2|lbl=-}}
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|- 
| 
| <p>It is not without reason that the Very Illustrious Prince Maurice of Nassau, on this very necessary science of arms, already fallen and in contempt, has rectified and established with a singular zeal and affection for its maintenance. Night and day this same Prince ceaselessly study, honoring and augmenting many new and more necessary inventions for practices. In this fashion, it is perfect and excellent at the present that no Prince or Army General could invent. Why this Prince is in great esteem among all Princes of Europe, even in admiration among all peoples and nations of the Earth, having knowledge of his Heroic actions, agreed by the same voice and praise of the Grand Duke of Venice and of the most Serene Venetian Senate attributing to this Prince, the greatest Captain of his time.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/13|3|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/5|3|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| 
| <p>Now, to demonstrate the inclination and the gratitude that I owe to such a noble and illustrious Prince: for the progeny, this new '''WIELDING OF NASSUVIAN ARMS''', I wanted to produce and very strongly represent in-person, all of the POSTURES, of the legitimate weapons - Rotella, Pike, Sword, and Targe, consecutively - as well as for the present Prince to observe the Company of the Guards. So that Captains and Men of War not only delight in their contemplation but also to find it useful to imitate them, I wanted to add reasons briefly but nevertheless necessary instruction, making the figures speak. What observation of time, words of command to the Soldiers, that there is to observe, is clearly shown here by the characters in the ciphers, beginning from the first Figure until the last.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/13|4|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/5|4|lbl=-}}
| 
| 

|- 
| 
| <p>With this Method, the inexperienced can be instructed and directly trained in the WIELDING OF NASSUVIAN ARMS. And according to this order and instruction of his Excellency, wield them promptly and use them industriously.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/14|1|lbl=2}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/5|5|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| 
| <p>Regarding the changing of arms, note first that the Soldiers with the Rotella are represented with the Rotella, Breastplates without tassets, Morions, Pikes, and Short Swords or otherwise arming swords hanging at their sides without fastened belt so as to be able to use it as needed. As they are advancing to their enemies' ranks and cannot wield their pikes due to inconvenience of its length, they will soon just leave it, promptly grabbing their rotellas and the aforementioned swords in order to defend themselves as long as they can and attack their enemies.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/14|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/6|1|lbl=2}}
| 

|- 
| 
| <p>Secondly, those who are armed with Targes are also represented with their armaments including Targes, Breastplates, Helmets, Arming Swords, having a Vambrace on their right arm, and greaves or leg armor on each leg. Being thus armed with Targes, having the helmets closed, concealing themselves behind the said Targes according to the word of command, will strongly charge with convenience at the Squad with their enemies' Pikes, breaking them easily without receiving much damage because they are armed from head to toe<ref>Lit. "From the top of the head until the flat of the feet."</ref> and protected against the points of the pikes, by consequence of being heavily armed. This very useful and necessary exercise, indeed very laudable that all Princes and Army Generals will easily understand without needing to explain further and embellish its value with many ornate words. Yet I still have to say this: the Soldiers exercising these armaments will not have any difficulty in walking this path of training with the goal of becoming a force to be reckoned with.<ref>Lit. "From aiming at a straight path but will be a path of force."</ref></p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/14|3|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/6|2|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| 
| <p>Desiring that the fruits of these new exercises could ever be as great (with Figures, demonstrations, and written teachings) as my zeal and desire has been, from illuminating this book, WIELDING NASSUVIAN ARMS. Be to God, at the Hague, the Year 1618.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/14|4|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/6|3|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| 
| <p>'''Remarks on the words''' ''Rotella and Targe''</p>

<p>For completion, having added to the benefit of the inexperienced, I will speak the true significance of the Rotella and Targe. In the first place, one needs to know that this word Rotella, to hear the arms made in the shape of a Chariot axle which is fully round, and in this fashion named Rotella, and those who carry such arms, Rodoleros. Even the Figures give this enough to know. The Latins and Greeks gave the Rotella the names Clypeus, Aspis, Parma from which fashion the Pelta hardly differs. Being mostly fully round with with the top hollowed in the shape of a crescent. This Figure is drawn from an old Marble in Rome, as recited by the Analects of Lipsius<ref>Likely Justus Lipsius, a Flemish philosopher who died before this was published.</ref> that the rotella is fully round. Virgil testifies it in Aenid 2.</p>

<p><poem> ''---- under the circle of her shield.''
''like an Argive shield or the lamp of Phoebus''
And Cato on the ''Origins'': ''Greek round shield.''

Item 111.</p>

<p>One could produce many other evidence that are not difficult to find, but we omit them in order to be much more brief.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/14|5|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/6|4|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| 
| <p>For the second which is named Targe has much in common (in my opinion) with the Roman Scutum, which has a quite long shape. The Poet aforemention in Aenids 8:

''----- long shields defending their bodies.''<ref>

Scutum (according to the words of Livy) was the above which the chest and the shoulders are covered, the rim smooth and not rounded, and the lower part terminates round. The Shields of Africans are not dissimilar to these, called Cetrae, which have been used by the Spaniards. These Scuta and Cetrae were large and light, which one could assess from the testimonies of ancient Authors. From the Spaniards, mentioned Livy recites in book 31 that when laying down and resting on their shields, they would cross the river by swimming. Ammianus Marcellinus in book 16 recites a similar Story, "The type that the ancients have made their shields is of a light material from interlaced cords or wood or from twigs." The Germans also had these types of shields which Tacitus ''On The Characters of the Germans'' testifies that they neither have 400 years of history, they were still in use among them." ''Counsel of Tyrol of the Scots to the son of Fridebrandum'', section 30: <ref>The searchable title is "Paraeneses antiquae germanicae tyrolis regis scotorum ad filium fridebrantum."</ref></p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/14|6|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/6|5|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| 
| <p>''How push against push gets through.''<ref>Translated by Chidester with much context provided by snrgl.</ref>.</p>

<p>That is to say, push shield against shield. It is rather known among us what a wicker basket is. We notice very clearly, from the monuments that this clay or interlaced cords, was dressed and covered with the hides and skins of beasts, which were glued to the top. Ausonius:</p>

<p>''When you cover the shield with animal hide, what do you apply to construct it? Glue.''

<p>Polybius describes the Scuta of the Romans very clearly as well as scholarly. Lipsius ''On the Military of Rome'' book 3, Dial. 2, See again in his Analect. I believe that this hide or else Tërgora, among the Italians Targa, the Spaniards Tarja, and among the French Targe, has become what now means buckler or shield. What's more, this word Targa is still in use among the last of the bastardized Greeks, according to the testimonies of ''Gloss of the Greek Barbarians.'' Even among Authors who have written in Latin for about 400 years, the Targia has been surviving. Jacques de Vitry, Bishop of Acre, in ''Eastern History'' wrote, "With the shield that is called Targias." The Targes of his Excellency are also made of wood, covered with leather. Here, dear reader, is what I wanted to show you. Receive this with pleasure. Be to God.</p>
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| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/14|7|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/6|6|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| class="noline" | 
| class="noline" | 
| class="noline" | 
| class="noline" | 
{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/15|1|lbl=3|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/16|1|lbl=4|p=1}}
| class="noline" | 
| class="noline" | 

|}
{{master end}}

{{master begin
  | title = Rotella drill
  | width = 210em
}}
{| class="master"
|- 
! <p>Images</p>
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation (from the French)}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
! <p>English Version (1625)<br/>Transcribed by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>Dutch Version (1618){{edit index|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Deandra de Looff]]</p>
! <p>Dutch Version (1618){{edit index|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Jasper Boelsma]] & [[Deandra de Looff]]</p>
! <p>French Version (1618){{edit index|Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>German Version (1618){{edit index|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf}}</p>

|- 
| 
| <p>'''Brief and succinct teaching on the figures por'''trayed, regarding the correct use of everything that is necessary for a Soldier on wielding the Rotella, Sword, and Pike: And this Instruction corresponds to each Figure by the following numbers.</p>
| <p>'''The exercise of armes ''wherein lively''''' figures is showne the Right Use and perfect manner of Handling the Buckler Sword and Pike with the words of Command and Brefe Instructions correspondent to every Posture.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|top|lbl=5}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|top|lbl=3}}
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/92|top|lbl=80}}

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 01.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>''The Soldier carrying the Rotella.''</p>

<p>'''1. Carry your Pike slanted.'''</p>

<p>1. '''In''' exercising this, demonstrate to the Soldier firstly how being upright in order with the Pike, he will hold and carry the Rotella well behind (this is namely so that he will not be burdened by the Rotella in some way) or else otherwise on the back, and will plant the Pike near the right foot, the arm somewhat extended but curved or bent to be able to conveniently join the Pike to the side closing ranks.</p>
| <p><br/></p>

<p>'''Order yo<sup>r</sup>. Pike.'''</p>

<p>In the first is showne how the Soldier standing in Order with his Pike shall carry the Buckler behind on his backe, and plant the Pike against his Right foot his Arme a little bended and his hand about the height of his eyes.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|1|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|1a|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|2|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|1b|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/92|1a|lbl=-}}

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 02.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p><br></p>

<p>'''2. The first time.<ref>Probably could be better read as "step" rather than "time."</ref>'''</p>

<p>2. How for the first instance, having the Pike in the right hand, he will let it lean a little against the thumb and, with the left hand just below the right, will grab it promptly as this Figure shows.</p>
| <p>'''Shoulder your Pike.'''</p>

<p>'''The 1. Motion.'''</p>

<p>How before the first changing of hold hacing the Pike in his Right hand he shall souffer it a little to fall agaist his thumbe, and take it readily with the left hand close under the right.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|2|lbl=-}}
|
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|3|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|2|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 03.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''3. The second time.'''</p>

<p>3. How for the second instance, he will carry the Pike forward with the left hand and with the right grab it back in order to conveniently put the Pike on the shoulder.</p>
| <p>'''The 2. Motion.'''</p>

<p>How for his second remove he must bring the Pike forward with his left hand, taking it backeward with the Right the more commodiously to shoulder the Pike.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|3|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|4|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|3|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 04.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p><br></p>

<p>'''4. The third time.'''</p>

<p>4. How he will carry the Pike slanted, in order to march conveniently in a tight formation without injuring among one another with the point.</p>
| <p>'''March with ÿo<sup>r</sup> Pike sloping.'''</p>

<p>'''The third Motion.'''</p>

<p>How he must carrÿ his Pike sloping that he maÿ march the more readily in close troupe without daunger of hurting his follower with the point of his Pike.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|4|lbl=-}}
|
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|5|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|4|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 05.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''5. Prepare your Rotella for the Pike.'''</p>

<p>5. How in marching, he will carry the Rotella in front of the rank promptly and will hold it ready with the Pike, namely by changing the posture of the left foot and by shaking the left shoulder to draw the Rotella forward.</p>
| <p>'''Prepare ÿo<sup>r</sup> Buckler for ÿo<sup>r</sup>. Pike'''</p>

<p>How in Marching he must carry his Buckler gracefully and keepe it neere to his Pike and to do that he must change the posture of his left foot and shakiny his left shoulder, bring the Buckler forward.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|5|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|6|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|5|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 06.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''6. Present your Pikes.'''</p>

<p>6. How he will hold his left hand between the brace or belt of the Rotella in front of his Body, will put the Pike again on the shoulder, and will carry it slanted, as shown in this Figure.</p>
| <p>'''Present yo<sup>r</sup> Pike.'''</p>

<p>How he must hold his left hand betweene the Brases and Center of his Buckler on the forepart of his bodÿ and again shoulder the Pike as is showne.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|6|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|7|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|6|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 07.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''7. The first time.'''</p>

<p>7. How he will present the Pike in three times passing through a Passage<ref>A specifically designed opening within the walls of a city to allow passage. Could also be translated as "gate" or "door".</ref> or otherwise. And for the first instance, he will raise the Pike with the right hand above the shoulder at the back. And the left hand will grab it promptly in order to conveniently put it in front of the right hand.</p>
| <p>'''.1. Motion'''</p>

<p>How he shall Port or charge his Pike at three severall motions, and in the first he shall take the Pike forward with the left hand standing upright, the better to cast over the Pike.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|7|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|8|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|7|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 08.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''8. The second time.'''</p>

<p>8. How after having again presented the Pike with the point forward, by the second instance, he will take it with the right hand on the bottom of the butt and will let it conveniently sink from high to low in order to be able to drop the Pike down in front.</p>
| <p>'''2 Motion'''</p>

<p>Having presented the head of the Pike forward he shall take it at the butt and let it sinke handsomely downewards the better to passe throug the Port etc.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|8|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|9|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|8|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 09.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''9. The third time.'''</p>

<p>9. How he will drop the third point the Pike, holding the right arm stronly extended. And from the same right hand, he will hold it very firmly, and from the left elbow will plant it firmly against the hip, as he will discover in this Figure.</p>
| <p>'''3. Motion'''</p>

<p>How if he will charge he shall hold it well in the Right hand, his arme being strecht out, setting his left elbowe fast against his hippe.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|9|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|10|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|9|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 10.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''Put your Pike back on the ground.'''</p>

<p>'''10. The first time.'''</p>

<p>10. How he will put back on the ground his Pike in three times: Firstly, he will release the right hand from the btt and let it sink.</p>
| <p>'''Order yo<sup>r</sup>. Pike.'''</p>

<p>'''1. Motion'''</p>

<p>How he shall set downe the Pike at three motions and in the first he shall put downe the but and with his right hand, the easier to raise the point of the same.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|10|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|11|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|10|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 11.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''11. The second time.'''</p>

<p>How he will let the Pike sink against the left hand for the second time, thereby putting the right hand back on it to the ground.</p>
| <p>'''2. Motion'''</p>

<p>How in the second he shall take the Pike as farre as he can easily reach with the right hand above the left bringing it downeward.</p>

<p>[Repeats on subsequent page]</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|11|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|12|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|11|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 12.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''12. The third time.'''</p>

<p>How he will hold the Pike for the third time in the right hand, as was said, against the thumb near the right foot, in order to wield it so much more conveniently.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|12|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|13|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|12|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 13.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''13. Carry your dragging Pikes.'''</p>

<p>13. How he will drag the Pike: Firstly he must let the Pike sink behind him and palm it just so he can take it near the thumb to drag the iron with the hand.</p>
| <p>'''Trayle yo<sup>r</sup>. Pike.'''</p>

<p>How to trayle the Pike he must by Palming the handle the same backeward till he shall bring his right hand close to the head of it.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|13|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|14|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|13|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 14.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p><br></p>

<p>14. How in dragging the Pike, he will carry it and grab it near the point: and he must hold it on the right hand next to the brace.</p>
| <p>'''How'''</p>

<p>How thus trayling he must hold the Pike neare to the Point right against his girdle stead resting his hand on his hippe, as in the figure appeareth.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|14|lbl=-}}
|
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/7|14|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 15.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''15. Prepare your Rotella for the sword.'''</p>

<p>15. How he will hold the Rotella ready for the Sword and so he must separate his Rotella a little from the Body in order to pass the left arm or traverse the Cross within the Rotella.</p>
| <p>'''Make readÿ yo<sup>r</sup> Buckler for ÿo<sup>r</sup> sword.'''</p>

<p>How he must hold his Buckler ready for his sword bearing it a little from his body that he maÿ traverse the sword a croße within his buckler.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|15|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|16|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|1|lbl=4}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 16.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''16. Let your Pike fall on the ground.'''</p>

<p>16. How he will put his Pike on the ground near his right foot, namely that he will lower himself on the same side with the Pike in order to let it sink freely on the ground, in order to not damage it.</p>
| <p>'''Laÿ downe ÿo<sup>r</sup> Pike.'''</p>

<p>How he must lawÿ downe the Pike on the ground at his right foot, that is, he must bend to the same side, that the Pike may fall the more freely without daunger</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|16|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|17|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|2|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 17.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>17. How he holds himself upright and fully ready with the Rotella, and the Pike is near to his right foot, waiting for some subsequent command.
| <p>How he must stand upright with his Buckler in readines, his Pike layd at his right foot expecting further command</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|17|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|3|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 18.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''18. Draw your Sword.'''</p>

<p>18. How he will draw his Sword most conveniently, namely that he will hold the Rotella a little away from the body, in order so that he may without impediment draw his Sword.</p>
| <p>'''Draw yo<sup>r</sup>. sword.'''</p>

<p>How we shall most conveniently draw his sword that is he must hold his Buckler a little from his bodÿ that it may be no hinderance to the drawing of the same.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|18|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|19|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|4|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 19.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''19. Present your Sword.'''</p>

<p>19. How in the presentation of his drawn Sword, he will hold the hand no higher than his face.</p>
| <p>'''Present yo<sup>r</sup> Sword.'''</p>

<p>How in presenting of his drawne sword he shall hold the same no higher then his face as appeareth.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|19|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|20|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|5|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 20.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''20. Put your Sword between the Rotella and the left shoulder.'''</p>

<p>20. How holding again the Rotella against his Body and the left Shoulder, he will know to put his Sword between both towards the said Shoulder, waiting in such a posture that is commanded by the Officer.</p>
| <p>'''Put yo<sup>r</sup> sword between your Buckler and left shoulder.'''</p>

<p>How resting his Buckler against his body and left shoulder he must bring his sword betweene towards the left shoulder, attending in this posture further Command.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|20|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|21|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|6|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 21.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''21. Cover yourself.'''</p>

<p>21. How he will cover himself before his Enemy, namely, that he will have to pose his Rotella against the left thigh very firmly against the same-sided Shoulder. And the guard of his Sword against the inside edge of his Rotella so that he can withstand the attack. And also the left edge of his Morion<ref>A type of 16th-17th century helmet.</ref> against the inside edge of the Rotella in order to protect his vision such that he can only watch which side his Enemy will come to atack him.</p>
| <p>'''Guard ÿour selfe.'''</p>

<p>How to gard himselfe before the enemy he must rest his Target against his left thigh and shoulder firme, the hilt of his sword against the verge of his Target inward, and the left brimme of his morion against the inside of his Target to gard his sight and view the enemy.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|21|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|22|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|7|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 22.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p><br></p>

<p>22. We present here how the Soldier could cover himself with the Rotella and his Sowrd against the tip of the Pike, as in the preceding Figure.</p>
| <p>'''A second garding Posture.'''</p>

<p>Here is represented how the Soldier may gard him self with his Target against the point of the enemies Pike. bearing his sword as in the precedent figure.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|22|lbl=-}}
|
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|8|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 23.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''23. Straighten yourself.'''</p>

<p>23. How he will straighten in the posture, namely, by holding himself upright, which will be most convenient to put the left foot and the left shoulder forward in order to lean or rest against the same side as the Rotella. And in order to demonstrate a free and unforced posture well and everything else, the right arm is again placed with the Sword towards the left shoulder between the Rotella, as was taught in the twentieth Figure.</p>
| <p>'''Releeve your selfe.'''</p>

<p>How standing upright it will be most expedient for him to set forward his left foot and shoulder that he may rest the Target against his body and that in a free and no enforced posture.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|23|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|24|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|9|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 24.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''24. Put your sword back in the scabbard.'''</p>

<p>24. How in putting the Sword back in the scabbard with the right hand, he will have to hold the Rotella behind the body in order to do so without impediment.</p>
| <p>'''Put up yo<sup>r</sup>. Sword.'''</p>

<p>How in sheathing his sword with the right hand he must beare the Buckler backeward on his body that he may do it without any impediment.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|24|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|25|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|10|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 25.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''25. Withdraw your arms out of the braces of your Rotella.'''</p>

<p>25. How he will withdraw his arms out of the braces of the Rotella. He will have to hold firmly the Rotella with the right hand.</p>
| <p>'''Draw yo<sup>r</sup>. armed out of the braces of you<sup>r</sup> Buckler'''<br/></p>

<p>How when he shall draw his arme from out the braces of his Buckler he shall hold the Buckler firme with his right hand.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|25|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/10|1|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|11|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 26.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''26. Put your Rotella back behind your back.'''</p>

<p>26. How he will put back again the Rotella on the back: He will have to do this with his left arm as can be seen in the Figure.</p>
| <p>'''Put yo<sup>r</sup>. Buckler behind yo<sup>r</sup>. backe.'''</p>

<p>How when he removes againe the Buckler to his backe, it must be done with his left arme as appeareth in the figure.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|26|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/10|2|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|12|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 27.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>27. How holding upright with his Rotella on the back, he will wait for another command.</p>
| <p>How the Soldier standing upright with the Buckler at his backe shall attend further Command.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|27|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|13|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 28.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''28. Raise your Pike.'''</p>

<p>How he will raise his Pike from the ground for the first time. He will have to lift it up with the hand as long as it is possible. And it will be necessary that he will hold his right foot firmly on the same place and pull the left foot back if it is forward, namely without forcing it, so that he may drop from the side towards the Pike in order to lift it or pick it up.</p>
| <p>'''Take up yo<sup>r</sup>. Pike.'''</p>

<p>How he must raise his Pike as high as he can standing firme with his right foot and drawing backe his left, that without forcing he maÿ bend himselfe sidewayes towards the Pike for the handling it again.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|28|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/10|4|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|14|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 29.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>29. How he will grab the Pike again with the left hand for the second time in order to raise and straighten it.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|29|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|15|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 30.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''30. Replant your Pike as before.'''</p>

<p>30. How he will put the Pike bakc for the third and final time. And put it back again near the right foot, holding it in the right hand with the arms bent or curved, as taught in the first Figure.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|30|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/10|6|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|16|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 31.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>31. Here are presented five Figures in order to demonstrate how close together they have to be to hold their order, namely, as close together as possible: And according to the Captain or the Officer will find it good and suitable depending on the occassion.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|31|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|17|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 32.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>32. Here again is a single rank with the Rotella and the Sword in order to demonstrate how one can close themselves together again because the Pike is prevented: However, the Rotellas of the rank that are between two others will have to hold a suitable position so that everyone can draw his Sword conveniently and use it against the Enemy.</p>
| <p>Here also is represented a Ran[...]<br/>to showe how they maÿ shut their [...]<br/>no waies hindering them) ÿet so th[...]<br/>quisite place, to the end that ea[...]<br/>draw his sword and use it agai[...]<ref>The Bodleian Library copy, which was the basis of this transcription, is torn off at the fold, so half of the text is missing.</ref></p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|32|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|18|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| 
| <p>And if he will find that the Soldier cannot put his Pike back nor straighten with or without the Rotella well and promptly, that by the notice of the knowledge jointly hold and picks it up with the Rotella, one has placed in order below for their Instructions certain words of command with their time intervals of the instance, which are all corresponding to their numbers on the Figures and their Instruction for the Rotella with the Pike as long as they will need it. But after knowing how to wield it, the Soldiers can be trained following the words of command, which are afterwards written down without the notation of the time intervals.</p>
| 
| 
| 
|
{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/8|19|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/9|1|lbl=5|p=1}}
| 

|- 
| class="noline" | 
| class="noline" | <p>The words of Command according to which the Captains will make their Soldiers train so that when they are in front, they can wield the Rotella. He will have to understand that in order to maintain order, one makes them follow the Figures as much as it is necessary. Apart from a few Figures where the Soldier presents being upright without action, at which point one can be served with general command instead.</p>
| class="noline" | 
| class="noline" | 
| class="noline" | 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/10|7|lbl=-}}
| class="noline" | 

|}
{{master end}}

{{master begin
  | title = Targe drill
  | width = 180em
}}
{| class="master"
|- 
! <p>Images</p>
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation (from the French)}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
! <p>English Version (1625)<br/>Transcribed by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>Dutch Version (1618){{edit index|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Deandra de Looff]]</p>
! <p>Dutch Version (1618){{edit index|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Jasper Boelsma]] & [[Deandra de Looff]]</p>
! <p>French Version (1618){{edit index|Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>German Version (1618){{edit index|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf}}</p>

|- 
| 
| <p>'''Brief and succinct teaching, regarding the correct use''' of everything that will be needed for the Soldier in wielding the Targe with the Sword, with Instruction to show each Figure by the following numbers and writings that are in accordance with the figures.</p>
| <p>'''The perfect manner of handling ''The sword and Target''' Set forth in Lively '''Figures''' with the words of Command and Breife Instructions correspondent to every Posture.''</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|top|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|1a|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|1b|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|2|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|3|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|4|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|5|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|6|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|7|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|8|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|9|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|10|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|11|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|12|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|13|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|14|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|15|lbl=-}}
| 
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|1|lbl=71}}
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/92|top|lbl=85}}

|- 
| 
| 
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/22|lbl=-}}
| 
| 
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 33.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>''The Soldier carrying the Targe.''</p>

<p>'''Hang your Targe behind your back, and stay upright.'''</p>

<p>'''Fir'''stly in the exercise of the Targe, demonstrate before all things how he will assume his posture, and holding the Targe hanging behind at the back, he waits for another command from his Captain.</p>
| <p><br/></p>

<p>'''Let yo<sup>r</sup>. Target hand at yo<sup>r</sup>. backe and stand upright'''</p>

<p>First in the exercise and use of the Target is showne how the Soldier shall assume his due posture, his Target hanging at his backe, attending further Command from his Captaine.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|1b|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|2|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/72|2|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/92|1a|lbl=-}}

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 34.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''Prepare your Targe for your Sword.'''</p>

<p>2. How for more convenience he will promptly present the Targe from behind his back to in front of his body, that is by withdrawing his left foot and shaking his left shoulder, he will make the Targe slip forward.</p>

| <p>'''Prepare ÿo<sup>r</sup>. Target for ÿo<sup>r</sup>. sword.'''</p>

<p>How with greatest conveniency he may readily present the Target from his back before his body, that is retyring his left legge and shaking his left shoulder he causeth the Target to slippe forward.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|2|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/72|3|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|4|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 35.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>3. How he will hold his Targe to ready the Sword; that is with his right hand he will hold firmly the Targe above so that he can much better put his hand between the braces in order to hold it, thus readying his Sword to be able draw it out.</p>
| <p>How he shall make ready his Target for his sword, that is he shallhold his Target fast above with his right hand, that he maÿ the more easilÿ put his hand betweene the Brases, and so be readÿ to draw his sword.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|3|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|5|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 36.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''Draw your sword.'''</p>

<p>4. One teaches him how he will draw his Sword most conveniently, that is when he will hold the Targe a little away from his body, so as to draw the Sword without any impediment.</p>
| <p>'''Draw yo<sup>r</sup>. sword.'''</p>

<p>How he must hold his Target a little distant from his body, that he maÿ without anÿ impediment draw out his sword.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|4|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/72|4|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|6|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 37.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p><br></p>

<p>5. How in presenting his Sword drawn, he will hold the hand no higher than his view.</p>
| <p>'''Present yo<sup>r</sup>. sword'''</p>

<p>How in presenting of his sword he must lift his hand no higher then his face.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|5|lbl=-}}
|
| <p><br/></p>

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|7|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 38.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''Put your Sword between the Targe and the chest.'''</p>

<p>6. How in holding again his Targe against his body and the left shoulder, he will have to place his Sword between the Targe and his shoulder as said: waiting in such a posture that one would want to further command.</p>
| <p>'''Put ÿo<sup>r</sup>. sword betweene ÿo<sup>r</sup>. Target and brest'''</p>

<p>How in holding againe his Target against his body and left shoulder, he must put his sword between his Target and forenamed shoulder attending in this posture further command.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|6|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/72|5|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|8|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 39.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''Close your Helmet.'''</p>

<p>7. How he will close his Helmet so that this it is done promptly with convenience: He will close it with his thumb and first finger and will nevertheless hold firmly his Sword with the other fingers so that he be at once ready.</p>
| <p>'''Close yo<sup>r</sup>. Casquet.'''</p>

<p>How to close his Casquet spedily he must do it with his thumb and forefinger, yet nevertheless hold his sword fast with the other fingers that he maÿ be presently in readines.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|7|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/72|6|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|9|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 40.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''Cover yourself.'''</p>

<p>8. How he will cover himself well: thereby he will hold the Targe in front of him against the left knee and from above against the same shoulder, holding very firmly from this side against the Point or the edge. And to the right side or flank he too will support himself with the Sword guard, until such that it can serve him.</p>
| <p>'''Gard yo<sup>r</sup>. self.'''</p>

<p>How to gard himselfe well, he must hold his Target before him against his left knee and shoulder firme to beare of the shocke or downe right blow and on the right hippe susteine himselfe with the hilt of the sword, till he may use it.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|8|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/72|7|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|10|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 41.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p><br></p>

<p>9. How he demonstrate as before in order to much better present how little his Enemy can damage him.</p>
| <p>'''A second garding Posture.'''</p>

<p>How as in the former, he may also gard or cover himselfe, the better to view and endamage the enemÿ.'''</p>

<p>[Repeated on subsequent page]</p>
| <p></br></p>

{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|9|lbl=-}}
|
| <p></br></p>

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|11|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 42.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''Straighten yourself.'''</p>

<p>10. How he will straighten and hold himsef upright in the same manner as he demonstrated in the sixth Figure.</p>
| <p>'''Releive yo<sup>r</sup> selfe.'''</p>

<p>How he maÿ releive himselfe and stand upright as is showne in the sixt Posture.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|10|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/72|8|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|12|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 43.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''Put back your Sword.'''</p>

<p>11. How he will put his sword back in the scabbard; he will have to hold it firmly in his left hand as before with ease and without impediment in putting back his Sword.</p>
| <p>'''Put up yo<sup>r</sup> sword.'''</p>

<p>How he shall put the sword again into his scabbard, holding it firme in his right hand, that he maÿ more readily put it up.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|11|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/72|9|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|13|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 44.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''Withdraw your arms out of the Targe.'''</p>

<p>12. How he will withdraw his arms out of the braces of the Targe; he will have to hold it firmly with the right hand, all of which the third Figure has shown.</p>
| <p>'''withdraw yo<sup>r</sup>. armes out of yo<sup>r</sup>. Target.'''</p>

<p>How he shall draw his hand out of the Brases of the Target, holding it fast with his right hand as is showne in the third Posture</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|12|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/72|10|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|14|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 45.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>'''Put back your Targe behind your back.'''</p>

<p>13. How the Targe hangs on the back as shown before.</p>
| <p>'''Hang againe yo<sup>r</sup> Target at your backe.'''</p>

<p>How the Target shall hang at his backe as is before showne.</p>
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|13|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/72|11|lbl=-}}

{{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|15|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 46.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>He presents himself here in a rank to demonstrate how close they will have to tighten in times of necessity or otherwise when the Officer will command them.</p>
| 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|14|lbl=-}}
|
| {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|16|lbl=-}}
| 

|- 
| class="noline" | [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 47.jpg|300px|center]]
| class="noline" | <p>15. How the ranks will deploy tightly when one will command them to cover themselves.</p>
| class="noline" | <p>Here is also showne how close the soldier must keepe his Ranke when he is commanded to gard or cover himselfe.</p>
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|15|lbl=-}}
| class="noline" | 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/71|17|lbl=-}}
| class="noline" | 

|}
{{master end}}

{{master begin
 | title = Copyright and License Summary
 | width = 100%
}}
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].

<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Images
 | authors     = 
 | source link = 
 | source title= 
 | license     = public domain
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Translation
 | authors     = [[translator::John Tse]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= Wiktenauer
 | license     = default
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Dutch Transcription
 | authors     = [[transcriber::Deandra de Looff]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618]]
 | license     = default
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = Dutch Translation
 | authors     = [[translator::Jasper Boelsma]] & [[translator::Deandra de Looff]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618]]
 | license     = default
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = French Transcription
 | authors     = [[transcriber::Michael Chidester]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf|Index:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618]]
 | license     = default
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = German Transcription
 | authors     = 
 | source link = 
 | source title= [[Index:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf|Index:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618]]
 | license     = default
}}
{{sourcebox
 | work        = English Transcription
 | authors     = [[transcriber::Michael Chidester]]
 | source link = 
 | source title= {{nowrap|[[Index:Mars his Feild or The Exercise of Armes (Adam van Breen) 1625.pdf|Index:Mars his Feild or The Exercise of Armes (Adam van Breen) 1625]]}}
 | license     = default
}}
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
{{master end}}

== Additional Resources ==

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Artists]]

[[Category:Research/Background Information]]

[[Category:Pike]]
[[Category:Sword and Shield]]
[[Category:Side sword]]


[[Category:Dutch]]
[[Category:English]]
[[Category:French]]
[[Category:German]]