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User:Kendra Brown/Latin Lew/Latin and English with notes

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This is the complete transcribed text of the Lew gloss as present in Paulus Hector Mair's manuscript (Dresden) copy. These are transcluded from the main User:Kendra Brown/Latin Lew pages, which also have translations and notes and have the German Zettel verses inserted into the gloss sequence.

This page mostly uses Kendra and Rebecca's "Sandbox" format, where each unit of text is broken onto separate numbered lines by phrases.


81 r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/81r#81r a

Brevis Habituum Ensis longioris expositio

  1. Prima omnium cura sit ut colas deum et ames,
  2. muliebrem sexum honores,
  3. et eo modo gloria tua augebitur:
  4. eo discas,
  5. quae te deceant,
  6. in bello et ubique virtute et robore virium utere,
  7. ita ut fortitudo tua omnibus probetur.

Brief statement of the character of the longer sword

  1. First, you should undertake in all things that you worship and love God,
  2. you should honor the feminine sex,
  3. and your fame will be increased by this means:
  4. therefore, you should learn,
  5. any of these things would be fitting,
  6. use the force and strength of oaks everywhere and in (beautiful) war,
  7. thus that your fortitude is approved by all.

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/81r#81r b

  1. Prima admonitio,
  2. primum operam dabis,
  3. ut Ictus,
  4. qui mox describentur,
  5. artificiose ferire possis more Athletico,
  6. si fortem gladiatorem te exhibere volveris.
  7. Cum pedem sinistrum praefixeris,
  8. atque de latere dextro ferias,
  9. iam deceptus,
  10. et ictus est falsus, [^1]
  11. nam dextrum latus non sequetur,
  12. et ictus brevior,
  13. quam par est,
  14. apparebit,
  15. neque vero ad dextrum latus rite potest exerceri.
     
  16. Sin autem dextrum praeposueris,
  17. et de latere sinistro ferias,
  18. nec sinistro fueris subsequutus,
  19. tum rursus falleris. [^2]
  20. ea propter curabis,
  21. ut,
  22. si de latere dextro ictum regis,
  23. statim subsequaris pede itidem dextro in ipso ictu.
  24. Idem facies,
  25. si de sinistro ferias,
  26. et ea ratione commodissime corpus adcommodabis,
  27. ictusque porrecti et more gladiatorio formabuntur.
  1. First reminder,
  2. first you will dedicate the work,
  3. so that the Strike,
  4. which will soon be described,
  5. you will be able to strike skillfully in the custom of Athletics,
  6. if you would have wished to produce a strong gladiator.
  7. When you set the left foot in front,
  8. and strike to[^3] the right side,
  9. now he/it has been deceived,
  10. and the strike is false,
  11. on the other hand, if he/it will not follow on the right side
  12. and it will be clear that a short blow,
  13. however suitable it is,
  14. [moved to 12]
  15. truly cannot be employed properly toward the right side.
     
  16. but if, however, you should set the right before,
  17. and strike from the left side,
  18. and do not follow immediately with the left,
  19. then you are deceived in turn.
  20. Take care, on account of these things,
  21. so that,
  22. if you direct the blow from the right side,
  23. you would immediately follow with the right foot likewise in the same thrust.
  24. You will do the same,
  25. if you strike from the left,
  26. and you will adapt the body at the right moment to this method,
  27. and the extended strikes are shaped by gladiatorial custom.
  • [^1],[^2] falsch/falsus=fallere appear to be the translator’s attempt at a cognate, which fails.
  • [^3] from? "de"

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/81r#81r c

  1. Si feriundo ad hostem accesseris,
  2. ense regendo ne cesses,
  3. eius ictum expectans sed semper exerceas.
  4. Nam omnes Athletae,
  5. qui id faciunt[^1],
  6. Athletica non gaudeant,
  7. quoniam saepissimé laeduntur.
  1. If you approached toward the enemy having been struck,
  2. do not hold back while directing the sword,
  3. however, if you always make a habit of awaiting/looking out for his strike.
  4. For all Athletes,
  5. who do this,
  6. do not rejoice in athleticness,
  7. because they are often struck.


  • [^1] This is a general, non-specific work around for 'versetzen'.

d

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/81r#81r d latin

  1. Item cum ad hostem concesseris,
  2. quocunque habitu[^3] uti voles,
  3. facito id pro animi Viribus et corporis,
  4. caputque ipsius ferire curato,
  5. et ea ratione adversarium coges,
  6. ut se tueatur[^2],
  7. neque unquam transmutationes assumere possit.
  8. mucro enim tui in ensis eum praepediet.
  9. Sin autem parte fortiori,
  10. qu[a?]e est pars á cruce usque ad medium ensis hostis tuum gladium contigerit,
  11. brachium eius sinistrum saucies,
  12. atque inde recedas,
  13. priusquam id cognoverit.
  1. Item when you would have withdrawn toward the opponent,
  2. and you will wish to use whatever skills,
  3. make it according to the Strength of spirit and body,
  4. and take care to strike his head,
  5. and you will compel the adversary by this method,
  6. in order that he defend himself,
  7. and neither will he be able/it be possible to take up change-abouts at any time.
  8. Your sword's point (in fact) will prevent his advance.
  9. But if, however, with the stronger part,
  10. which is the part from the cross[,] the enemy’s sword continuously contacts your sword toward the middle,
  11. you wound his left shoulder/arm
  12. and thence you withdraw,
  13. before he becomes aware of it
  • [^2] This is a genera, non-specific work around for 'versetzen'.
  • [^3]: 'habitu' here is used as an equivalent for 'fechten', or the entire skill set.
  • could this be a weird thing where Latin Scribe is ignoring the dictionary meaning of concedo and is doing "like accesseris, but con because you're both doing it"? or mixed congressu and accesseris?
    • conclusion: no recorded meaning of concedo makes any sense here; we assume the scribe was trying to make up a word ignoring prior meanings. we've declared it shall be "move together."
  • tueatur means both observe and defend-- like, look out for or look after
  • Interestingly, the Latin scribe does not seem to treat Zufechten as a technical term. The latin term isn't different every time, but there are several distinct words used. (acceseris, concesseris, congressu, pervenire, in conspectu progresseris, fueris progressus)
  • The German usually has a verb (often come) with zufechten (noun), while the latin maybe is combining those into either "during the onset" or or "when somebody approaches"
  • Is Latin trying to separate different shades of the beginning of the fight? eg specifying how many are moving
  • Is there any pattern in the Latin, or is the scribe simply bored by using the same term every time?
  • concesseris appears mostly toward the beginning; pervenire toward the end. It's not exactly a pattern, more like a different favorite 1-2 terms each week they worked on this

81 v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/81v#81v a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. **Quum** perveneris ad hostem propius,
  2. si dexter sis feriundo,
  3. strenue athleticum exercitium exercere cupiens,
  4. a sinistro latere primum ictum nunquam regas.
  5. In firmior .n. [enim] est,
  6. quam ut hosti resistas in collisione ensium,
  7. verum si de dextro ferias,
  8. tum firmiter poteris resistere,
  9. atque varios habitus[^1] exercere.
  1. When you have arrived closer to the enemy,
  2. If you are striking right[^2]
  3. you want to strenuously practice the exercises of athletics
  4. At no time direct the first cut from the left side.
  5. it is indeed weaker,
  6. than while you resist the enemy in the striking together of swords,
  7. truly if you strike from the right side,
  8. then you can stoutly resist,
  9. and practice various skills.
  • [^1]: 'habitus' is the equivalent of 'arbeit', or the general work of fencing.
  • [^2]: 'dexter' seems to reflect the punning nature of 'gerecht', which is both correct, right, on the right side.
  • The German has a bunch of information that is missing from the Latin.
  • Which is information about *why* you would do this.
  • However, the Latin is more specific about handedness when discussing the left hand.
  • Grimm: Link
    • \3) link ist der, welcher mit der linken hand das verrichtet, was gewöhnlich mit der rechten gethan wird (verschieden von no. 7 unten): linker, der die linke hand für die rechte braucht,
    • Link is the person, who accomplishes with the left hand, what is usually done with the right hand. (diff. from no 7 below): linker is the person who uses the left hand for the right.


b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/81v#81v b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. **Sin** autem sinistra manus dextra sit agilior,
  2. etiam tunc primum Ictum de latere dextro non feries,
  3. at potius de sinistro.
  1. But if, however, the left hand is more dexterous than the right,
  2. Then also do not strike the first strike from the right side,
  3. But preferably from the left.
  • Translating both ictus (noun) and feries (verb) as "strike" is a little weird, since they're not at all the same in Latin, but this is only really a problem when they're both in the same sentence.
  • Note that 81v a says "more skillful striking from the right" where 81v b says "if the left hand is more dextrous than the right"
  • Could these distinctions about handedness be about but the mechanics your opponent can interact with rather than the strength of the strike itself? see "you can stoutly resist"

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/81v#81v c Latin (Sandbox)

  1. In gladiatoria optimum est,
  2. ut observes, quo hostem feriundo praevenias,
  3. id si feceris,
  4. omnes habitus quos exercere voles,
  5. contra eum continuo usurpato.
  6. Ut is cogatur subinde se defendere[^1].
     
  7. Verum si is te praevenerit Ictibus exercendis,
  8. prima cura sit,
  9. ut acriter ense te defendas[^2],
  10. et ea ratione ipsius conatum in nihilum rediges.
  1. In fighting it is best,
  2. in order to observe, when you come earlier than the opponent with striking,
  3. If you use "it",
  4. all the skills which you want to practice,
  5. continuing to use against him
  6. in order that HE would have been immediately forced to defend himself.
     
  7. Truly if HE comes earlier than you in carrying out the strike,
  8. the first concern would be,
  9. to defend yourself sharply with the sword,
  10. and using this method, reduce his attempt into nothing.
  • [^1]: defendere/defendas used as a general, non-specific work around for 'versetzen'.
  • [^2]: 'ense te defendas' used as a general, non-specific work around for 'mit Versatzung', or with/using a stance/guard/counterposture.
  • 3, 5, 4: If you do/cause IT, continue to use any of all the things you want to do against him
  • "coges" appears above when (in translated german) you "force him so he must set aside"; cogatur is a passive form of the same verb
  • "gladiator" appears after this point, meaning something like "fencer," but in forms meaning "fencing" it seems to only appear on this page and the one before it.
  • in addition to indes, the latin scribe has noped out on before/after too-- line 4 is a not-very-close paraphrase of the final clause of german
  • german has two mentions of versetzen; latin has one defend. this has the result that the latin elides the existence of strikes that don't require defense (eg, out of range)
  • "prima cura sit" is weird-- there's nothing like it in the german but also it's oddly specific
  • It does have the teacherly vibe of some of the other German, bedenken, beobachten, etc, but just not here.
  • Latin scribe also completely missed the profoundly parallel pair of paragraphs in the German (when you preempt him/when he preempts you) - Latin provides only a pair of praevenire

d

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/81v#81v d Latin (Sandbox)

  1. **Locus** vel pars ensis firmior is dicitur,
  2. qui continetur a cruce ensis usque eius medium,
  3. infirmior vero a medio ad mucronem usque porrigitur,
  4. quo autem modo eas partes exercere te oporteat,
  5. in sequentibus declarabitur.
  1. The place or the part of the sword is called stouter,
  2. which is contained from the cross of the sword up to its middle,
  3. weaker truly is extended from middle up to the point,
  4. to which purpose it is proper for you to exercise these parts using the method
  5. It will be indicated in the following
  • Two phrases for one concept; not in German: locus or pars

82 r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/82r#82r a Latin

  1. Porro quinque sunt Ictus artificiosi,
  2. multisque ignoti,
  3. quos si quis in nihilum potest redigere more Athletico absque sui detrimento,
  4. is certe non exiguam laudem merebitur apud pugiles probatissimos,
  5. atque merito opulentiora praemia ob hoc auferat,
  6. quam alij.
  1. Hereafter are five skillful strikes,
  2. unknown to many,
  3. which, if any, can drive back into nothingness using the Athletic custom without defeat,
  4. he surely will have earned no small respect among the most proven boxers,
  5. and deservedly he would obtain the wealthier prize for this,
  6. than some.
  • pugil, pugiles: [DMLBS gives "1. boxer, wrestler. 2, participant in single combat. 3, one who fights on another's behalf"](https://logeion.uchicago.edu/pugil)
  • Has the Latin scribe condensed German's entire last sentence into Latin's first word? Interesting; the Latin usually elaborates rather than condensing
  • "in nihilum rediges" appears on 81v-c PHM Munich 81v (8), and 90v PHM Munich 90v (26)

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/82r#82r b Latin

Primus est, qui ab ira apellationem sortitus est, Secundus dicitur Ictus curuus, Tertius, Transversarius, Quartus, qui à strabonibus nomen accepit apud gladiatores, Quintus ictùs, quo vertex hostis rectà adpetitur, ex his p[rae]cipue et principaliter Athletica constat, eor[um] descriptiones in sequentibus habebis.

The First is, which gets its name from "ire"; the Second is called the "curved" Strike; the Third, “Transverse”; the Fourth, which takes the name "squinter" among fencers; The fifth strike, striving directly for the crown of the enemy's head: Athletics/Sport is especially and primarily based on these, you will have descriptions of them in the following.

  • Sortitus refers to the process of choosing by lots, but here might just be Latin scribe's choice to use a different word for "named" in each clause here. this could be relevant to the question of consistent term choices


c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/82r#82r c Latin

Rursus sunt habitus[^3] duodecim, quos Athleta norit, necesse est, Primus quatuor custodijs constat. Secondus, rationes quatuor, quibus hostis impetus repellitur[^1], Tertius, quo hostis instando urgetur. iiij, ensis traiectio, v, remotio[^2], vi, transmutatio, vii, ensis retractio, viii, transcursus, ix, abscisio, x, ratio qua hostis manus comprimu[n]tur, xi, inclinationes, xii, intorsiones.

Qua autem isth[a]ec exerceri debea[n]t ratio[n]e, rite et co[n]seque[n]ter iam describetur.

On the other hand there are twelve aspects of the art, which athletes learn, that are essential,  First it is agreed four guards. Second, four methods, with which the attack of the enemy is repelled, Third, by means of which the enemy having been threatened [may] be pressed hard, (Fourth),  transferring the sword, (Fifth) deflecting, (Sixth) change about, (Seventh) withdrawing of the sword, (Eighth) running over, (Ninth)  slicing off, (Tenth) method by which the hand of the enemy is crushed, (Eleventh) angles, (Twelfth) wrappings

Moreover any of these here must be practiced using the method duly and consequently now described.

  • [^1]: repellitur is one of the equivalents for 'versetzen'
  • [^2]: remotio is the equivalent of 'absetzen'
  • [^3]: The German original uses 'stueck' to indicate the techniques/aspects of the art that you will learn here. 'habitus' indicates the skills gained through repetitious practice, thus the habit engrained through practice, the habit of practice, the habitual skill, the skill itself. The translator uses 'habitus' to indicate fencing in general, collective skills or actions used in fencing, such as the work (arbeit) or the sequence (stück), and also substitutes for the named stances and cuts.
  • "intorsiones" is not a standard spelling; DMLBS says it's a variant of intortio, which is a form of intorquere which can mean "twist/turn around [until something pops loose]" (ie sprain, hurl, twist/wrench limb) but also braid hair, wrap around, and roll eyes. Can't find the source that used it for bacon or hair *curling*
  • Note: review the torquere verbs and their prefixes. *Done. intorqueo = einwinden. Contorqueo and torqueo = winden, and we translated as twist*
  • Are they different words, or just an easy directional prefix? Directions done using equivalent prepositions in both languages.*
  • the german doesn't have the phrase about practicing

d

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/82r#82r d latin

Ictus eius habitus[^5],
qui ex ira appellationem assumpsit.
Is ictus suo mucrone omnes Ictus superos avertit, quantumvis sit facilimus, & maxime agrestis: eum hoc modo exerceas. Si adversarius supernè caput tuum ex latere suo dextro adpetat, tu vicissim idem facito, remota omni defensione[^3], gladiu[m] ipsius contingens firmiter, atq[ue] subito mucronem ensis tui in faciem eius vel pectus convertito, Verum si is id observarit, nec non ensis parte firmiori impetum exceperit[^4], tum ensem ab ipsius ense surrigas, eo supernè remoto, versus aliud ensis latus rursum converso, caput ferias.
A strike of this skill,
which takes up the name from "ire"
This strike turns aside all upper strikes using its point, even though it is the easiest and most uncultivated. Employ it in this way: If the adversary approaches your head above from his right side, you do the same thing in turn, firmly touching his sword (since/when every defensive position has been set aside), and suddenly turn the point of your sword over to his face or chest. Truly if he notices this, and also if he would catch/intercept the attack using the stouter part of the sword, then you lift your sword up from his sword, it [your sword] having been intercepted above, turn back again toward the other side of the sword, you strike the head.
  • [^3]: 'remota' is used in other locations as equivalents for 'versetzen'. 'defensione' appears elsewhere as a translation of 'versatzung'. The German 'ohne alle Versatzung' [without any counteraction/counterposture] is presented in Latin as 'since/when every defensive position has been set aside'.
  • [^4]: exceperit is an equivalent of 'versetzt' with a defensive aspect.
  • [^5]: habitus here refers to the entire set of skills to be learned in the named cuts.
  • Technical terms not used here:
    • "Zornhau" is rendered "this strike"
    • "Oberhau" is rendered "upper strike"
    • Versatzung = expected displacement/setting aside/shifting of the sword/strike
    • "Oben Abnehmen" is not mentioned at all

82 v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/82v#82v a Latin (Sandbox)

Alia cautela.
  1. Si contra hostem ira co[m]motus ferias,
  2. et is fortiter ensem tenuerit,
  3. tuq[ue] habitu supra modò co[m]memorato uti volveris,
  4. Vicissim et fortiter resistas,
  5. brachia inde si versus latus dextr[um] tuum sustuleris,
  6. brevem aciem ab ipsius ense torqueas,
  7. atq[ue] supernè visum ipsius pungas,
  8. at si adversarius id observarit,
  9. sublatoq[ue] ense impetum excep[er]it[^2],
  10. in intorsione remaneas,
  11. et mucronem infernè hosti adiungito.
Another caution.
  1. If you would strike the ire movement against the enemy,
  2. and he holds the sword strongly,
  3. and you wish to use the skill[^1] the way it is mentioned above,
  4. and you resist strongly in turn,
  5. thence if you would lift the arm toward your right side,
  6. you would twist the short edge of the sword away from him,
  7. and thrust at him above in the face,
  8. but if the adversary observes this,
  9. (the sword having been lifted) he catches/intercepts the attack),
  10. you would remain in the wrapping,
  11. and direct the point to the opponent below.
  • [^1]: skill refers to the specific named cut (Wrath cut) taught above.
  • [^2]: 'exceperit' is used as an equivalent to 'versetzt' with a defensive aspect

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/82v#82v b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Item cum adversarius ex forma punctionis vel Ictus ensem tuum contigerit,
  2. in primo conflictu,
  3. tu noli exercere statim Ictus crebros,
  4. sed festina lentè,
  5. et maximè curabis,
  6. ut prius observes num in ensium collisione molliter vel fortiter ensem teneat,
  7. Sin id deprehenderis,
  8. uti poteris intorsionibus,[^1]
  9. atque crebris ictibus quem habitum nos Germani bellum appellamus appetendo nuditates proximè obvias.
  1. Also, when the adversary touches your sword from the form of thrust or strike,
  2. in the first conflict,
  3. do not immediately practice repeated strikes,
  4. but hasten slowly,
  5. and you will take the greatest care,
  6. in order to observe earlier whether he holds the sword gently or strongly in the striking together of swords,
  7. but if you catch this,
  8. you are able to use the wrapping,
  9. and within the timeframe of the repeated strikes (which is the aspect of the art that we Germans call beautiful/warfare) you attack by closely seeking the opening.
  • [^1]: There is an INDES in the original here.
  • two parallel phrases: in the german too
  • Note on crebros: if it's related to winden, "continuous" may be a better reading than "repeated"; could there be a sense of "crowded" as in "aggressive, applying threat without letting up"?
    • I have replaced crebris/crebros with continuous
  • footnote: festina lente is a well known Latin saying https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festina_lente During PHM's lifetime, it's the personal motto of Cosimo de'Medici (duke of Florence 1537-69)
  • footnote: molliter is not only "gently" but also "tenderly, affectionately" or even "effeminately"-- there are simpler words available for "weakly" or "less strongly." Fortiter is the most common and simple word for strongly; there are alternatives (in this text) that have more connotations.
  • footnote: bellum war/beauty connection
  • note from Amy: it's interesting that he brings "we germans" into the explanation, suggesting he (PHM or the writer) sees the audience as not German, or not truly German
  • the German for this says krieg=winden, but the Latin translator has made up a new word for krieg and then glossed it, and so has to use that and winden/intorsionibus instead of making them equal to each other.
  • This seems not to be a grammatical order indes, but indes implied using references to speed and timing.

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/82v#82v c Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Habitus, quem nos bellum appellamus est,
  2. cum intorsionibus et quicquod inde per mucronem versus quatour nuditates formatur,
  3. utimur.
  4. Verum eum hac ratione exercebis:
  5. Si contra hostem Ictum ex ira appellationem adeptum ferias,
  6. isque, eum exceperit[^4],
  7. sublatis brachiis,
  8. mucronem ensis tui iuxta ipsius ensem superne contra hostis superam nuditatem lateris sinistri.
  9. Verum si eam vim removerit[^5],
  10. in habitu intorsionis consistere memineris,
  11. sed mucronem deorsum convertas in latus sinistrum.
  12. At si adversarius id quoque removeat[^6],
  13. tunc inferiores eius nuditates lateris dextri mucrone investiges,
  14. et si id etiam repellat[^7],
  15. tu ense sublato in latus sinistrum,
  16. contra latus hostis dextrum mucronem nuditates supernas inquirendo inmittas,
  17. itaque habitum belli vel militiae infernè et supernè hostis exagitabitur,
  18. si quidem eum iuxta Athletarum veram instructionem exercueris.
  1. The aspect of the art, which we call beautiful warfare,
  2. uses the wrappings and it is shaped from that place by the point against four openings,
  3. [subsumed into 2]
  4. certainly you will practice it [this aspect of the art] with this method:
  5. If you would strike against the enemy a winning stroke named from ire,
  6. and HE intercepts it,
  7. when the arms have been lifted,
  8. join the point of your sword over his sword and against the enemy's upper opening on the left side.
  9. Certainly if he were to set his strength aside,
  10. remember to persist in the skill of wrapping,
  11. but also change the point below into the left side.
  12. And if the adversary would also set it aside,
  13. now seek out his lower opening of the right side with the point,
  14. and if he would likewise drive it back,
  15. lift with the sword into the left side,
  16. you send the sword in against the right side of the enemy [as a] means of seeking out the upper openings,
  17. and so the enemy will have been goaded above and below during the aspect of the art called beautiful warfare or soldiering,
  18. if indeed you will exercise/practice that true instruction alongside athletes.
  • [^4]: exceperit is the equivalent of 'versetzt'
  • [^5]: removerit is equivalent for 'setzt... ab'
  • [^6]: removeat is the equivalent for 'mit der versatzung'
  • [^7]: repellat is the equivalent for 'mit der versatzung'

83 r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/83r#83r a Latin

  1. Intorsiones sollerter exercere noveris,
  2. Unaquaque enim tribus constat habitibus,
  3. hoc est, Ictu, Punctione, atque incisione,
  4. si igitur ijs uti volveris,
  5. maxima cura sit, ut eas iuste et artificiosè exerceas,
  6. ne si pungendum sit,
  7. tu ferias,
  8. neve pungas vel proscindas,
  9. si feriundum sit.
  10. his igitur si rite usus fueris,
  11. facile cunctos,
  12. qui contra te certant,
  13. decipies,
  14. reliquas autem intorsiones in subsequentibus,
  15. et quot eorum sint habitus,
  16. reperies.
  1. You should learn to skillfully practice Wrappings ,
  2. namely, it consists of three skills in the art,
  3. that is: the Strike, Thrust, and Slice,
  4. therefore, if you wanted to use the same,
  5. pay the most attention [so] that you practice them rightly and skillfully,
  6. if thrusting is incorrect,
  7. YOU should strike,
  8. and not thrust or gash,
  9. if striking is correct.
  10. Therefore if you had done these properly,
  11. all of them easily,
  12. those who contest against you,
  13. [whom?] you are deceiving,
  14. the remainder on the other hand the [action of] further wrapping in pursuit
  15. and however many would be their action,
  16. you will catch [them].

First nine lines have final edits

  • two parallel phrases; also in german

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/83r#83r b Latin

  1. De quatuor nuditatib[us].
  2. Quum in conspectu[m] adversarij processeris,
  3. si quidem artificiose Athletica[m] voles exercere,
  4. feriundo ipsius ensem ne contingito,
  5. verum ex nuditatibus quatuor,
  6. unam observato:
  7. sunt autem ist[a]e,
  8. Una, latus dextrum, secunda sinistrum latus sup[er] cingulum,
  9. Reliqu[a]e, Latus dextrum et sinistrum infra cingulum,
  10. ear[um] igit[ur] si aliqua[m] elegeris,
  11. audacter quassato,
  12. neq[ue] cures,
  13. quibus contra te utat[ur] habitibus.
  14. Sed si se defenderit[^1] hostis ictus excipiendo[^2],
  15. in tui defensione[^1] contra proximum nuditate[m] eius ferias,
  16. itaq[ue] corporis,
  17. non ensis rationem p[rae]cipuam habebis.
  1. About the four openings.
  2. When you would proceed in the face of the adversary,
  3. if indeed you want to exercise skillful sport/athletics,
  4. you will not strike [imperative, fut] the sword of that one with striking/hitting,
  5. however, from the four openings,
  6. observe only:
  7. they are indeed those:
  8. one, the right side, second the left side above the belt,
  9. remaining, the right side and the left below the belt,
  10. therefore if you have advanced [or] selected any of them,
  11. [you should] batter audaciously,
  12. but also don't worry,
  13. about any who use their skill against you.
  14. But if the enemey were to protect himself by intercepting the strike,
  15. you would thus strike against his closest opening in your protection,
  16. and so the body,
  17. you will not have the particular method of the sword.
  • Alternate last clause: you will have the particular method not of the swords
  • [^1]: defenderit is the equivalent of 'versetzt er', while defensione is used for 'in der versatzung'
  • [^2]: 'excipiendo' is another form for 'versetzen', which means that the Latin has 3 occurences while the German has only 2.

83 v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/83v#83v a Latin

  1. Ratio, qua nuditates, quo minus laedantur, tueri licet.
  2. Si quis acriter et totis viribus contra te feriat,
  3. et tu conatum adversarij impedire,
  4. atque curare,
  5. ne quatuor corporis partes supra modo commemoratas sauciat hostis,
  6. conaris,
  7. et is potius invitus laedatur,
  8. tum conduplationibus contra partem ensis superiorem,
  9. que firmior dicitur,
  10. et mutationibus contra infirmiorem utitor,
  11. eam igitur formam si exercebis,
  12. facile hostis vulnerabitur,
  13. neque ullos habitus assumere poterit,
  14. conduplationes hac ratione exerceto,
  15. Si adversarius supernè contra te feriat de humero suo dextro,
  16. vicissim et tu pariter cum ipso de dextro itidem firmiter ferire non dubites caput appetendo,
  17. eum ictum si parte ensis firmiori hostis exceperit[^1],
  18. sublatis brachiis,
  19. manu sinistra nodum ensis tui sub brachium dextrum si co[n]torseris,
  20. acie longa premissa ex brachiis cancellatis caput ipsius saucies retro ipsius ensem.
  1. The method allows [you] to observe any opening which has been minorly injured
  2. If anyone strikes against you fiercely and with [their] whole strength,
  3. and you attempt to impede the attempt of the adversary,
  4. and to take care,
  5. [and] the enemy has not wounded the four parts of the body in the way which has been recorded above,
  6. [moved to line 3]
  7. and HE having been wounded is more reluctant,
  8. then by means of repetitions against the higher part of the sword,
  9. which is called stouter,
  10. and use alterations against the weaker,
  11. therefore if you employ this form.
  12. the opponent is easily wounded,
  13. and he won't be able to undertake any skill —
  14. Employ doublings using this method,
  15. If the adversary strikes against you from above away from his right arm,
  16. and you in turn equally with the same from the right,
    likewise don't hesitate to strike firmly while seeking the head;
  17. should the opponent intercept that strike using the stouter part of the sword,
  18. (the arms having been lifted),
  19. if you would twine the knob of your sword with the left hand below the right shoulder,
  20. you would wound his head by means of sending the long edge forward from crossed arms back to his sword
  • [^1]: exceperit is the equivalent of 'versetzt er'
  • cancellare 1: construct in the form of a lattice or grid; set in a grid; crenellate; bar with a crosswise obstruction. 2: cross the hands or arms, cross the legs, crook a finger. 3: criss-cross or intersect. 4: cancel, cross out. 5: weave about, totter, stagger.
  • conduplationes: DMLBS via Logeion says "to repeat". 3/11/19 other locations updated
  • compare the various -torsiones verbs with the German.

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/83v#83v b Latin

  1. At si in primo conflictu eius ensem ex latere sinistro tuo contigeris acie longa.
  2. sublatis confestim brachijs in ipsius ense tuus h[a]ereat,
  3. verum pòst retro ipsius ensem strictum, acie brevi caput vulneres.

And if in the first clash the long sharp edge of his sword having been connected from out of your left side. the shoulder/arm having been immediately raised in his sword[,] yours <your sword> would hesitate, truly/certainly afterwards the sword having been drawn close behind, you would wound the head with the short sharp edge.

84 r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/84r#84r a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Mutationum is usus est.
  2. Cum versus hostem de humero dextro tuo acriter ferias è supernis,
  3. isque tuum inpetum excipiat[^1],
  4. neque fortiter ensem teneat,
  5. tum sursum ensis tui aciem brevem iuxta ipsius ensem flectas,
  6. inde brachijs sublatis,
  7. mucronem superne super ipsius ense ingeras,
  8. pòst alteram nuditatem pungito.
  1. HE has need of the transformations.
  2. When you strike toward the enemy fiercely from above from your right shoulder,
  3. and HE would intercept your attack,
  4. and would not hold the sword strongly,
  5. then weave the short edge of your sword around up next to his sword[;]
  6. thenceforth (the arms having been lifted)
  7. you should thrust the sword from above on top of his sword
  8. then prick at the other opening.

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/84r#84r b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Sin autem Ictum ex latere sinistro formaris,
  2. aciemq[ue] longam eius ensi adiunxeris,
  3. brachijs levatis,
  4. eam aciem ab ense adversarij non removeas,
  5. ad inferiorem nuditate[m] sauciandum,
  6. eaq[ue] ratione duos habitus poteris exercere ex omnibus Ictibus p[re]scriptis,
  7. iuxta observationem,
  8. num hostis firmiter vel minus ensem teneat.
  1. But if, however, you formed a Strike from the left side,
  2. and you connected with his long edge using [your] sword,
  3. (the arms having been raised)
  4. [then] don't shift that edge back from the sword of the adversary,
  5. toward the lower openings that have been wounded;
  6. and you can employ two skills from all of the previously described Strikes using this method,
  7. immediately following the observation,
  8. whether the enemy holds the sword strongly or less [strongly].
  • parallel phrase, present in german (equivalent but not exact)

c

84r c Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Ictus, qui curvus[?] dicit[ur] descriptio adhibitis omnibus eius habitibus.
  2. Ictus iam co[m]memoratus ex quatuor remotionibus[^2] unus est,
  3. contra quatuor custodias,
  4. hoc etiam habitu ictus qui a[utem] furore boum et aprorum appellationem accepit,
  5. debellantur,
  6. atq[ue] ictum inferum hoc modo exercebis.
  7. Si in conspectum adversarij processeris,
  8. et is contra te consistat ensem pro capite in custodia bovis ex latere sinistro tenens,
  9. tum sinistrum tu pr[a]eponas,
  10. iuxtaq[ue] humerum dextrum ensem contineas in custodia,
  11. verum ex ea in latus dextrum prosilias,
  12. et man[us] hostis acie longa saucies ex brachijs cancellatis.
  1. The strike which is called curved, a description of its application to all aspects of the art
  2. the strike which is now recalled to mind is one of the four actions of warding off/eliminations,
  3. against four guards,
  4. and additionally, by this aspect of the art[,] the strike, which takes its name from the rage of the ox and boar,
  5. is vanquished,
  6. and you will employ the lower strike in this way.
  7. If you proceed into range of the adversary,
  8. and HE stands against you holding the sword before [his] head in the ox guard from his left side,
  9. then you place the left in front,
  10. holding your sword next to your right arm in the guard,
  11. truly you leap forth from this into the right side,
  12. and you wound the hands of the enemy with the long edge from crossed arms.
  • [^2]: "quatuor remotionibus" is equivalent to "vier versetzen"

84 v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/84v#84v a Latin

  1. Eundem etiam poteris exercere ex custodia cancellata de utroq[ue] latere,
  2. ea igitur in pr[a]edictam custodiam ratione te accom[m]odato.
  3. cum prope ad hostem concesseris gladio Athleticè tractato,
  4. sinistr[um] pr[a]eponas pedem,
  5. ensem ita contineas iuxta latus dextrum,
  6. ut mucro deorsum vergat,
  7. acie longa superne conversa,
  8. latus itaq[ue] sinistr[um] nudum hosti pr[a]ebeas,
  9. id si feriundo appetat,
  10. hostis supernè,
  11. tu[m] dextro pede prosilias,
  12. ictumq[ue] ea ratione vites in latus hostis dextru[m],
  13. nodum ensis inde sub brachiu[m] dextru[m] contorqueas,
  14. atq[ue] manibus cancellatis ex acie longa per mucronem manus eius saucies.
  1. You can also employ the same from the crossed guard from either side,
  2. therefore dispose yourself in the previously mentioned guard.
  3. When near to the opponent pull back the gladius in the manner of athletes [in order to?] concede temporarily,
  4. advance your left foot,
  5. thus hold the sword next to the right side,
  6. so that the point inclines downward,
  7. turn the long edge above,
  8. and so you will make the left side opening available to the enemy,
  9. if the enemy should assail IT striking,
  10. [the enemy above?]
  11. then leap forward with the right foot,
  12. and using this method you evade the blow into the right side of the enemy,
  13. thence you twine the knot[^1] of the sword under the right arm,
  14. and you wound his hands using the point from the long edge (the hands having been crossed).
  • [^1] This is the pommel


b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/84v#84v b Latin

  1. In custodiam cancellatam hoc pacto adaptabis te,
  2. ea[m] si ex latere sinistro exercere volveris.
  3. Cum ad hostem ense rite gubernando accesseris,
  4. dextr[um] pedem pre[a]ponito,
  5. manibus cancellatis ensem contineas ex latere sinistro deorsum mucrone converso ita,
  6. ut acies brevis supernè consistat,
  7. dextrumq[ue] latus nudu[m] exhibeas adversario :
  8. et si is id feriundo appetat,
  9. tum sinistro progressus pede in latus itidem sinistrum,
  10. ictum hostis vitabis,
  11. atq[ue] acie ensis brevi in ipso progressu manus eius vulnerabis.
  1. In the crossed guard[,] adjust yourself to this manner,
  2. if you want to practice it from the left side.
  3. When you approach toward the enemy (the sword being properly guided),
  4. place the right foot forward,
  5. hold the sword downwards with crossed arms from the left side,
  6. the point having been inverted so that the short edge stands above,
  7. and you present the open right side to the enemy:
  8. and if he seeks to strike it,
  9. then with the left foot having been advanced into the left side in the same manner,
  10. you will avoid the strike of the enemy,
  11. and you will wound his hands with the short edge in this advance.

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/84v#84v c Latin (Sandbox)

Alia eiusdem ratio

 
  1. In coruscatione ensium hac ratione,
  2. ut infra patebit,
  3. te geras,
  4. Contra Athletice[a] magistros hoc habitu ex coniunctione ensium uteris :
  5. Si ad adversariu[m] concesseris,
  6. ensem tuum in cancellatam custodiam lateris dextri colloces,
  7. vel in humeru proximum,
  8. et si adversarius supernam nuditatem sauciare cupiat,
  9. tum brachiis cancellatis acerrime eius ictui ob[ ]viam ferias acie longa p[re]missa,
  10. verum quam primum enses coruscare mutuo cep[er]int,
  11. subito ensem torqueas,
  12. versus sinistr[um] latus,
  13. inde brachiis sublatis,
  14. superiorem nuditatem fodias,
  15. at si fodere nolveris,
  16. quodfocere tuo arbitratu licebit,
  17. tu[m] ensium coruscatio[n]e facta,
  18. acie brevi caput atq[ue] alias corporis partes sauciare conaberis.

Another of the same method

 
  1. In the flashing of the swords by this method,
  2. in order that it extends below,[^2]
  3. Conduct yourself
  4. using this skill against the masters of sport from the union of the swords
  5. If you step toward the adversary,
  6. you would place your sword in the crossed guard on the right side,
  7. or into the proximity of the upper arm,
  8. and if the adversary wishes to wound you in a high opening,
  9. then hit quickly from the crossed arms in the way of his strike (the long edge having been sent forward),
  10. truly, as the first, the swords will have seized with mutual flashing
  11. suddenly twist the sword,
  12. toward the left side,
  13. thence (the arms having been lifted),
  14. dig at the upper opening,
  15. on the other hand if you don't want to dig,
  16. insofar as you are able to make your decision with judgement,
  17. then the flashing of the swords having occurred,
  18. you attempt to wound the head and other parts of the body with the short edge.

85 r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/85r#85r a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Ictus curvus sit
  2. porrectus, indeq[ue] transmutationis ne obliviscaris.
  3. Hic habitus con[tra] custodia[m] ex furore bovis formata est,
  4. eu[m] igit[ur] hac ratio[n]e usurPato.
  5. Si in adversarii co[n]spectu[m] fueris progressus,
  6. et is in p[re]dicta co[n]sistat custodia,
  7. et ense[m] teneat in latere sinistro ante hu[m]er[um] dextR[um] tuu[m],
  8. tu simulato,
  9. quasi ex ictu curuo ense[m] conti[n]gere velis adversarij ex primi co[n]gressus habitu,[^2]
  10. ver[um] ictus no[n] sit porrectior inde aute[m] transmutabis inferne`,
  11. atq[ue] mucrone[m] longiore[m] in alter[um] lat[us] con[tra] nuditate[m] impellito,
  12. ea ratio[n]e hostis coget[ur] impetu[m] excip[er]e[^1],
  13. atq[ue] inde exercere habitus & ictus quocunq[ue] voles.
  1. The curved strike has been extended
  2. and thence you should not forget the change about
  3. This gesture is directed against the guard using the rage of the ox,
  4. therefore it should be adopted in this method.
  5. If you will advance in view of the adversary,
  6. and if HE stands in the aforementioned guard,
  7. and he holds the sword on the left side in front of your right arm,
  8. [you] pretend,
  9. as if you wished to touch the sword of the adversary as a result of making use of the curved strike from the first onset,
  10. truly the strike, having not been extended more, thence moreover change about below,
  11. and drive/thrust the longer point on the other side against the opening,
  12. by this method, the enemy is compelled to intercept the attack,
  13. on the other hand then you want to practice the skill & the strike in any time.
  • [^1]: excipere is the equivalent for 'muoß versetzen'
  • [^2]: just as the Crooked Cut envelops the opponent's sword, so does the skill required for the Crooked cut envelope the enemy's sword in the word order.

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/85r#85r b Latin

  1. Alia Cautela
  2. vel usus ictus Curvj
  3. Cum hoc ictu uteris,
  4. semper adversario te nudum exhibere necesse est,
  5. at[que] hoc inde percipito.
  6. Si eu[m] ictu[m] ex latere dextro ferias tuo,
  7. vel ensem eius co[n]tingas,
  8. nudus de latere sinistro adpares,
  9. atq[ue] si is tanta fuerit industria pre[a]ditus,
  10. remoto ense à mutua ensium collisione,
  11. nec non nuditatem,
  12. quam ei p[re]buisti feriundo appetat,
  13. teq[ue] velocitate conetur decipere,
  14. tuus subinde eius ensi inh[a]ereat,
  15. insequaturq[ue] ictum ipsius,
  16. verum pòst in visu[m] hostis,
  17. ensis tui mucronè contorqueas,
  18. atq[ue] crebris ictibus,
  19. quie[a] militia dicitur Germanis Athletis,
  20. utitor nuditates acquirendo,
  21. ea igitur ratione adversariu[m] tantu[m] conturbabis,
  22. ut neq[ue] contra ictus tuos,
  23. neq[ue] habitus pungendi se tueri queat.
  1. Another caution
  2. or using the curved strike.
  3. When you use this strike,
  4. it is always necessary to present yourself open to the adversary,
  5. and thereupon grasp this.
  6. If you strike him the strike from your right side,
  7. or you touch his sword,
  8. you appear open from the left side,
  9. And if HE would have diligently drawn so near before,
  10. the sword having been shifted away from a mutual collision of swords,
  11. and also the opening,
  12. then as you present to him,
  13. he seeks to strike,
  14. and he tries to ensnare you with swiftness,
  15. your [sword] sticks/clings to his sword immediately after and follows/overtakes his strike,
  16. afterwards, twine the sword with your point,
  17. truly into the face of the opponent,
  18. and with continuous strikes,
  19. which is called "warfare" by german athletes,
  20. use [this tactic] when the openings are acquired,
  21. therefore you will completely confuse the adversary with this method,
  22. so that he would neither be able to protect himself against your strike,
  23. nor skill in thrusting.
  • continuous strikes appearing with krieg
  • parallel phrase, present in german

85 v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/85v#85v a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Habitus, et varii
  2. Usus Transversarij.
     
  3. Is Ictus custodiam de die .i. eu[m] qui iam describetur,
  4. ictu[m] repellit,
  5. insup[er] et reliquos,
  6. qui de die è supernè deorsum feriuntur.
  7. Transversarium ita exerceas.
  8. Si adversari[us] contra te consistat,
  9. atq[ue] ensem sustulerit brachijs sublatis in custodia,
  10. te expectans,
  11. tu si propius ad eu[m] concesseris curabis,
  12. ut sinistr[um] pr[a]eponas pedem,
  13. ensis latitudine[m],
  14. seu planidum ensem iuxta dextrum humeru[m] contineas.
  15. at si is contra te proxime progreditur minaturq[ue],
  16. tunc eu[m] pr[a]evenire cures,
  17. dextroq[ue] pede prosilias in latus itide[m] dextru[m] tuum,
  18. subito ensis capulu[m] pro capite convertens ita ut pollex substet,
  19. inde aute[m] latus capitis hostilis sinistru[m] acie brevi quassato.
  1. Skills, and various
  2. Uses of the transverse.
     
  3. THAT strike [verbs] the guard of the day. first, this which is described now,
  4. drives back a strike,
  5. from above and the remaining,
  6. which is struck from the day from above and below.
  7. Thus practice the transverse.
  8. If the adversary stands against you,
  9. and lifts his sword (the arms having been lifted) in the guard,
  10. (awaiting you),
  11. if you will take care you will have conceded closer to him,
  12. in order that you put the left foot forward,
  13. (the width of a sword),
  14. or if you hold the flat of the sword next to the right arm/elbow.
  15. and if he advances and threatens close against you,
  16. then take care to precede him,
  17. and leap with your right foot into your right side in the same way,
  18. suddenly rotating the hilt of your sword in front of your face so that the thumb stands firm,
  19. thence you batter the left side of the head of the enemy with the short edge.
  • Note that the zufechten isn't right at the beginning in the german, but in the latin it's nearly in the middle (thanks to the weird first sentence)
  • Latin has ignored the "Break the guard" idea entirely
  • from Vienna 93r
    IS ictus custodiam de die. id est eu[m] qui iam describetur, ictum repellit, insuper et reliquos, qui de die è supernè deorsum feriuntur. Transversarium...
  • the way the title is written creates a rhyming pair, but maybe that's just an accident of declension.


b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/85v#85v b Latin

  1. Sin vero is te p[re]venerit,
  2. tu[m] pede dextro addita pr[a]escripta modò defensione[^1] ictum hostile[m] devita[n]s in latus dextr[um] tuu[m] prosilias,
  3. p[re]dictu[m]q[ue] locu[m] tra[?]nsversario ictu co[n?]cutias.
  1. If, on the contrary, he arrives properly before you,
  2. then you leap forward with the right foot having been placed as directed above as a means of protection, avoiding the strike of the enemy at your right side,
  3. and you clash together with the transverse strike in the previously named location.
  • [^1]: 'modo defensione' is the equivalent of 'versatzung' as a method of protection

86 r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/86r#86r a Latin

  1. Tum etiam maxime curabis transversarium feriundo,
  2. ut totis viribus id fiat,
  3. vel loco ensis firmiori,
  4. adversario aute[m] id excipiente[^1],
  5. tu si firmiorem ensis partem sustuleris,
  6. atq[ue] ea parte ipsius hostis infirmiorem senseris,
  7. Mutationibus sup[er] eius ense directis versus infernas nuditates utitor,
  8. vel si mavis versus collu[m] ipsius.
  9. Veru[m] si id nequibis,
  10. co[n]duplationes retro ipsius gladiu[m] exerceas,
  11. inde autem curabis ut adversarij caput concutias.
  1. Moreover and in addition, you will take the greatest of care when striking the transverse,
  2. so that [you] do it with all strength,
  3. or at the stouter part of the sword,
  4. if, however, IT has been intercepted by the adversary,
  5. you lift the stouter part of the sword,
  6. and if using this part you perceive the weaker of the enemy himself,
  7. use alterations ~shiftings~ directed above his sword toward the lower openings,
  8. or if you prefer toward his neck.
  9. Truly, if you cannot do this,
  10. employ repetitions to the back of his sword,
  11. thence also undertake that you should crash into the head of the adversary.
  • [^1]: excipiente is the equivalent of 'versetzt er'

parallel phrase (Two targets), present in german

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/86r#86r b Latin

  1. Caeterum
  2. si hostis adeò acriter se defendat[^2],
  3. ut co[m]memoratos habitus exercere no[n] possis,
  4. capulo ensis tui,
  5. adversarij gladiu[m] repellas,
  6. atq[ue] transversario alter[um] eius latus quasses,
  7. at si incurrere conetur,
  8. sub brachijs ipsius incisionis habitu[m] exerceas.
  1. As for the rest,
  2. if the enemy protects himself so fiercely,
  3. that you are not able to employ the remembered/suggested skills,
  4. using the hilt of your sword,
  5. you drive back the sword of the adversary
  6. and batter his other side with the transverse,
  7. or if on the other hand he tries to run in,
  8. practice the skill of slicing under his arm.
  • [^2]: defendat is the equivalent of 'mit der versatzung'

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/86r#86r c Latin

  1. Alius transversarii usus,
  2. In p[re]cede[n?]tibus dictu[m] est,
  3. q[uam?] Bos, et aratr[um] duo castra,
  4. vel custodi[a]e sint,
  5. hoc aute[m] loco quatuor nuditates appella[n?]t[ur] Bos et aratru[m].
  6. Bos, du[a]e sup[er]iores nuditates,
  7. hoc est, dextru[m] & sinistrum latus capitis.
  8. Aratr[um], du[a]e nuditates inferiores,
  9. id est duo latera infra cingulum.
  10. Eas igitur nuditates Transfersario pervestigabis in accedendo ad hostem.
  1. [title]
  2. In the preceding it has been said,
  3. how the Ox and the plow \[may be\] two military camps,
  4. or they may be guards,
  5. here, on the other hand, four openings are called Ox and plow.
  6. The Ox, two openings above,
  7. this is, the right and left sides of the head.
  8. The Plow, two openings below,
  9. that is two sides below the belt.
  10. Therefore explore these openings thoroughly using the Transverse in the approach of the enemy.

two phrases explaining one concept here, present in german

d

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/86r#86r d Latin

  1. Quum ad adversarium accesseris,
  2. et is contra te in custodia de die constiterit,
  3. tu[m] adversus eu[m] in latus dextr[um] prosilias dextro pede,
  4. atq[ue] totis viribus transfersarium lateri capitis eius sinistro,
  5. quod Bos dicitur,
  6. infligas superné,
  7. at si eum impetu[m] repellat[1] hostis,
  8. mox latus inferius dextru[m],
  9. quod prope vel sub cingulu[m] constat,
  10. inferné, quod aratru[m] dicitur.
  11. atq[ue] ita porrò Transversarios alternatim exerceas,
  12. facto altero superné,
  13. mox inferné aratru[m] concutias crucis instar.
  1. When you would come near to the adversary,
  2. and he stands against you in the guard of the day,
  3. then advance the right foot against him toward the right side,
  4. and with all strength,
  5. dash the transverse above against the left side of the head,
  6. which is called Ox,
  7. and if the opponent drives that attack back,
  8. next [attack with the transverse][2] below at the lower right side,
  9. which stands near or below the belt,
  10. which is called plow.
  11. And so hereafter employ the Transverse alternately,
  12. first above,
  13. next below brandish the plow in the likeness of the cross.
  • [^4]: repellat is the equivalent of 'versetzt er'

dictionary lookups:

parallel phrase referring to target area; German does not mention belts or areas near them in this paragraph but it's in the previous one.

86 v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/86v#86v a Latin

  1. De ictu erratico.
  2. Hoc ictu maximé occaecantur et decipiuntur Athletae,
  3. eosque exoptatò[^1][^2] qui tueri se conantur,
  4. ferire poteris,
  5. tum etiam[^3] eos qui ensem ferire non corpus curant.
  1. Of the wild strike.
  2. Athletes are maximally blinded and deceived by this strike,
  3. and you will greatly desire those who endeavor to protect themselves,
  4. [because] you can strike,
  5. ALSO those who undertake to strike the sword, not the body.

Alternate ending

and you will be able to eagerly strike those who endeavor to protect themselves


our "undertake" is from "curant" Whitaker Logeion

tueri

[^1] this is "long for" (rendered as "greatly desire" here-- check dmlbs?). accent marks usually appear on adverbs-- what's that doing here?

[^2] optare participle -ato = adverb meaning "with desire, eagerly"

[^3] tum seems to be acting as an intensifier here

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/86v#86v b Latin

  1. Eum igitur hac ratione usurpato,
  2. si ad hostem propius accesseris,
  3. ictus inferos ex latere utroque exerceas,
  4. at si inferiori ictu ex latere dextro facto ei adpropinquaris,
  5. subito mucronem ex acie longa pectori hostis inijcito,
  6. et tunc necesse erit,
  7. ut impetum tuum removeat,
  8. verum inde celeriter sinistro pede in latus adversarij dextrum prosilias,
  9. simulatoque,
  10. quasi transversario latus praedictum quassare volveris,
  11. sed retracto,
  12. vel mutato ictu,
  13. mox versus latus sinistrum ferito,
  14. Vel si eum accesseris de latere sinistro transversarium formans,
  15. etiam tum mucronem ex acie longa contra pectus hostile impellas,
  16. eumque habitum exerceas ut proximé praescriptum est.
  1. Therefore, make use of that [strike] by means of this method,
  2. if you approach closer to the enemy,
  3. you employ the strike from below on both sides.
  4. but if you draw near to him with the strike having been made from below from the right side,
  5. suddenly inject the point to the chest of the opponent from the long edge,
  6. and thereupon it will become necessary,
  7. in order that he shifts your forward attack,
  8. truly thence quickly leap forward with the left foot to the right side of the adversary,
  9. and pretend,
  10. as if you would want to batter the side, as was described before with the transverse,
  11. but drawn back,
  12. or the thrust having been transformed,
  13. soon strike toward the left side,
  14. Or if you come near to him from the left side forming the transverse,
  15. and also then you drive the sword from the long edge against the breast of the enemy,
  16. and employ this skill from close in as described above.

two separate actions, also in German

leap is from prosilias

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/86v#86v c Latin (Sandbox)

  1. De conversore et Transcursu.
  2. Hoc habitu uteris in progressu versus hostem,
  3. nam eo ipso hostem coartabis,
  4. ut transcurrere possis,
  5. eumque superare.
  1. About the turn over and running across
  2. You use this skill in the advance against the enemy,
  3. for instance, you restrict the enemy with it,
  4. so that you could run across,
  5. and overcome him.

87r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/87r#87r a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. CONVERSOREM vel ictum conversum hoc modo exerceas,
  2. semper contra hostem sinistrum pedem praefigas,
  3. et ex latere dextro,
  4. hostis item dextrum ferias,
  5. quotiesque sinistro fueris progressus,
  6. curabis ut in ipso progressu inferum ictum ferias,
  7. verum in ipso ictus exercitio,
  8. aciem longam ensis convertas,
  9. ut semper ea superior existat,
  10. et quamprimum ensem eius contigeris,
  11. superne mucronem contra ipsum ingeras,
  12. atque eius visum fodias.
  13. Id vero si removerit,
  14. nec non brachia sursum levarit,
  15. tu transcurrere memineris,
  16. at si remanserit,
  17. neque brachia sustulerit,
  18. tum manu sinistra cubitum eius dextrum corripito,
  19. firmiter pro viribus si continueris,
  20. prosiliendo sinistrum pedem hostis dextro praeponas,
  21. impellasque eum per eundem.
  22. Quando autem transcurrendum sit,
  23. paulo post describetur.
  1. Practice the turner-over or turning strike in this way,
  2. always set the left foot in front against the opponent,
  3. and from the right side,
  4. strike the opponent likewise on the right,
  5. and as often as you would advance,
  6. take care in order to strike a low strike in the advance itself,
  7. truly by practicing the strike according to itself,
  8. you reverse/turn over the long edge of the sword,
  9. so that it always appears from above,
  10. and you contact his sword to the highest degree possible,
  11. you thrust itself in against the higher sword,
  12. and dig at his face.
  13. truly if he shifts it,
  14. and also raises the arms upward,
  15. you should remember to run across,
  16. or if he stays behind,
  17. neither lifting the arms,
  18. then seize his right elbow with the left hand,
  19. if you have held firmly with strength,
  20. having leapt forward, you place with the right in front of the left foot of the enemy,
  21. and drive him by the same.
  22. When, on the other hand, he is run across,
  23. as will be described a little later.
  • Note: no Latin equivalent for zufechten here
  • two phrases for one concept-- near variants of the translated word. no parallel in german.
  • No halves at all in the Latin
  • Indes in the German, but weird indes (much less opponent action leading up to indes than usual)-- Latin still avoids the term but the clauses don't seem strangely ordered here (as they do other times german has indes). It's almost like the opponent is getting the indes here (choosing one of two paths in response to an attack, and then you have an answer for each of those)
  • Are there other times Indes appears in the German and the Latin isn't messed up? (seems like no)
  • Are there other times the opponent's actions aren't explicitly mentioned before indes?

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/87r#87r b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. DE DUPLICI ICTU ERRAtico.
  1. IS est geminus,
  2. qui iam describetur subsequenter,
  3. eumque hoc modo exerceas,
  4. in congressu mutuo sinistrum pedem praeponas,
  5. dextro humero ensem adiungas,
  6. et si prospexeris hostem esse tibi exoptatum quem ferias,
  7. tum dextro pede prosilias in latus dextrum tuum,
  8. teque ea ratione componas,
  9. quasi latus capitis adversarij sinistrum transversario libero percussurus,
  10. verum ictu retracto,
  11. si in latus eius dextrum sinistro pede prosilveris,
  12. transversario caput ipsius quassato.
  13. at si is impetum eum exceperit,
  14. tuque ensem tantum contigeris,
  15. paulum iuxta id[^1] latus progressus,
  16. ex duplationis habitu retro medium hostis ensem acie brevi os proscindas,
  17. vel utrunque brachium.
  18. Hunc habitum de latere utroque exercere licet,
  19. atque aequé ex ictu superno quam transversario erraticum formare potes.
  1. Regarding the twofold wild strike.
  1. It is a twin,
  2. which will soon be described subsequently,
  3. and practice it in this way:
  4. in the mutual approach, place the left foot forward,
  5. contact the sword with the right arm/shoulder,
  6. and, if you foresee that you would strike an enemy, for whom you have longed,
  7. then leap forward with your right foot to your right side,
  8. and compose yourself with this method,
  9. as if [you were] freely beating the left side of the head of the adversary,
  10. truly drawing back the strike.
  11. if you leap forward on his right side with the left foot,
  12. you batter his head in the running across.
  13. And if he sets aside this forward attack,
  14. and you contact the sword so much,
  15. then advance a little[,] close to that side,
  16. from which you have used the doubling, you should cut back to the middle of the sword of the opponent using the short edge,
  17. or at the other shoulder.
  18. It is permitted to practice this skill on both sides,
  19. and you can shape the wild by transversing equally from the highest strike possible.

parallel phrase (multiple targets), present in German but with different grammar and details

[^1]: could this "id" refer to "indes"?

87v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/87v#87v a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. SEQUUNTUR VARII
  2. usus ictus eius q[ui] à limis oculis appellationem,
  3. adeptus, nobis strabo dicitur
     
  4. Is ictus habitus gravis et severus est,
  5. nam hostem vi obruit ictibus et punctionibus,
  6. formaturque ense converso:
  7. quo circa multi Athleticae magistri hunc ignorant,
  8. tum etiam aratri nescij prorsus.
     
  9. Eum habitum vel ictum hac conditione exerceto,
  10. Si in conspectum adversarij processeris,
  11. sinistrum proponas pedem.
  12. ensem humero dextro admotum contineas,
  13. et si eveniat,
  14. ut hostis é superné feriat versus caput tuum,
  15. ense converso,
  16. sinistrum dextro adiungas pedi,
  17. atque acie brevi porrectim brachijs extentis,
  18. super ipsius gladio contra ipsius ictum vel faciem vel pectus ferias,
  19. at si adversarius hac astutia usus;
  20. ensem tuum non contigerit,
  21. verum inferné transmittat,
  22. tum contra ipsius visum brachijs porrectis mucronem porrigens resistas,
  23. et inde laedere adversarius te nequibit,
  24. neque traiectione uti.
  1. Here follows a variation
  2. the use of this strike, which is called the side-eye,
  3. having inherited it, it is called the squinter by us.
     
  4. This strike is a serious and strict skill,
  5. for it overwhelms the enemy with strength of strokes and thrusts,
  6. and it is shaped by inverting the sword:
  7. for which reason many masters of Athletics are ignorant concerning this,
  8. then again, they are entirely unfamiliar the plow.
     
  9. Practice the skill or thrust using these conditions:
  10. If you advance into view of the adversary,
  11. set the left foot before.
  12. you should contain the sword with a movement,
  13. and if it happens,
  14. in order that the opponent strikes from above against your head,
  15. inverting the sword,
  16. you should join the left to the right foot (?),
  17. and the arms having been stretched out [and] the long edge extended,
  18. strike his sword above against his strike or face or chest,
  19. and if the adversary uses this trick;
  20. your sword now contacts,
  21. in truth it goes across underneath,
  22. then you resist[,] extending the sword against his face the shoulder having been extended,
  23. and thence the adversary cannot strike you,
  24. nor use the transfer.
  • two phrases for one concept habitum or ictum (not in german)and aren’t those a mess to translate
  • also, parallel construction for different targets (two out of three in german)

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/87v#87v b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. ALIUS HABITUS.
  2. SEQUITUR alius habitus.
  3. Si contra hostem consistas,
  4. iuxta humerum dextrum ensem tenens,
  5. is autem in custodia Aratri contrà consistat,
  6. minaturque punctionem infernam,
  7. tunc tu superné porrectim aciem brevem praemittens,
  8. ictum à limis oculis nominatum ferias,
  9. atque mucronem vel contra visum ipsius vel pectus inde impellito,
  10. et ea ratione si fueris usus,
  11. adversarius inferné te pungendo adprehendere nequibit.
  1. Another aspect of this skill[^3]
  2. Another aspect of this skill follows.
  3. If you would stand fast against the enemy,
  4. holding the sword near to the right upper arm,
  5. But he stands against [you] in the Plow guard,
  6. and threatens a lower thrust,
  7. then YOU sending forward the extended short edge above,
  8. strike the blow called side eye,
  9. and from there drive/thrust the point either against his face or his breast,
  10. and if you used this method,
  11. the adversary cannot overtake you with lower thrusting.

[^3]: This is the first time "habitus" is used for "stueck [stuckh, stück]".


parallel construction, two targets, present in german

88r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/88r#88r a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. ALIA FORMA.[^1]
  2. QUUM contra hostem consistas,
  3. ensem dextro humero adplicatum continens;
  4. at is vicissim in custodia Aratri,
  5. atque te puncturum inferné comminatur,
  6. ictum tu convertas ex acie brevi,
  7. et porrectim superné contra hostem si direxeris,
  8. punctione te adpraehendere is non poterit.
  1. Another form [^1]
  2. When you would stand against the enemy,
  3. holding the sword close to your right upper arm:
  4. and HE in turn in the Plow guard,
  5. and he barricades you with a lower thrust,
  6. YOU would convert the strike from the short edge,
  7. and if you direct [it?] extended above against the opponent,
  8. HE cannot overtake you in your thrust.

[^1]: The author is using 'alia forma' as an alternative to 'alius habitus' from the preceding section to avoid the repetition of the German original's 'Item ein ander'

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/88r#88r b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. OBSERVATIO.
  2. UNDE licebit videre,
  3. num adversarius porrectim ensem exerceat vel minus.
  4. In congressu versus hostem,
  5. prospicias diligenter limis quasi oculis,
  6. num brevis sit feriundo,
  7. verum id[^1] eo modo deprehendas,
  8. si brachia non extendat in ipso ictu,
  9. brevis est,
  10. et si in custodia consistas,
  11. laedere te nequibit,[^3]
  12. et si suo ense tuum prepedire conetur,
  13. eum itidem adprehendere nequibit.
  14. Verum si eveniat,
  15. ut ex Bovis habitu laboret vel Aratri forma,[^2]
  16. itidem decipietur,[^4]
  17. denique quicquid exercuerit,
  18. inepta apparebunt.
  19. Huiusmodi Athletis se transmittas,
  20. eo coges,
  21. ut sese excipiendo ictus tuos tueri necesse sit,
  22. et tum libere quoscumque velis habitus exerceas,
  23. etiam cum hoste luctam inire.
  1. Observation.
  2. From whence it can be considered,
  3. whether the adversary would practice [with] the rather less extended sword.
  4. In the approach against the opponent,
  5. you should watch diligently with a side eye as it were,
  6. whether he were short with the striking,
  7. truly you should catch IT in the act in this way,
  8. if he would not extend the arm in the cut itself,
  9. he is short,
  10. and if you should take a position in a guard,
  11. he will not be able to injure you,
  12. and if he tries to use his sword as an impediment in front of you,
  13. he likewise can't seize IT [the sword].
  14. Truly if it happens,
  15. that he works from the stance of Ox or from the guard of the Plow,
  16. he is likewise deceived.
  17. Finally, whatever he exercises,
  18. the foolish things will appear.
  19. If you send [the sword] across this type of Athlete,
  20. you will drive [him] in the same direction,
  21. so that it is necessary to protect himself by taking out your cuts,
  22. and then you would freely practice the aspect of the art as often as you want,
  23. and also when you begin wrestling with the enemy.

[^1]: could this "id" refer to "indes"? Also, "id" appears with "deprehendas" again on 22a and 23a

[^2]: 'habitu' and 'forma' are both used here to refer to specific stances or guards, and the skill and/or positional posture required to learn them. The German assumes that once a cut or guard is named, then they no longer require the specification of cut/guard. In this case, 'habitus' is translated as 'stance' and 'forma' as 'guard' to preserve the rhetorical flourishes in the Latin. parallel construction, two attacks, included in the German parallel construction, from either of two guards, also in german

[^3]: line 11 is an extrapolation from the German [if they attack your sword], and lines 12 and 13 do not appear in the German original.

[^4]: Lines 16-18 are not from the German. The Latin does not include the German lines about winding in front of the opponent. The Latin rejoins the German at line 17.

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/88r#88r c Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Item si ad hostem concedes[^2],
  2. in ipso progressu,
  3. limis oculis observabis,
  4. num breviter ensem exerceat,
  5. idque ea ratione deprehendas,
  6. in conflictu si non porrexerit brachia in ipso ictu
  7. libere transmittes tum ictibus,
  8. tum vero punctionibus ex mucrone longiori,
  9. et ea ratione adversarius cogetur,
  10. ut tibi sit concessum,
  11. strenue contra ipsum habitus quosuis[^3] usurpare
  12. non citra ipsius corporis detrimentum.
  1. Item, if you would step to the enemy,
  2. in this progression,
  3. observe the side eye,
  4. now briefly train/exercise the sword,
  5. you would discern it using this method,
  6. in the collision, if he does not extend arms in the thrust itself,
  7. next you freely send across with blows,
  8. then truly using a thrust from the longer sword,
  9. and the adversary will be rounded up using this method,
  10. so that it would have been permitted[^4] to you,
  11. seize strenuously upon this condition[^5] against whomsoever,
  12. no diminishment[^6] on this side of the body itself.

confusing habitus in line 11

88v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/88v#88v a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. USUS STRABONIS,
  2. ALIUS contra mucronem longiorem.
  3. EUM habitum hoc modo exerceas,
  4. Si ad hostem prope concesseris[^1],
  5. et is contra visum tuum vel pectus porrigat ensem,
  6. tu dextro humero ensem adiunctum contineas,
  7. versumque mucronem oculos limes convertas,
  8. post simulato,
  9. quasi eo ferire voles,
  10. Verum fortiter ex eo ictu qui nobis strabo dicitur praemissa acie brevi,
  11. gladium eius ferias,
  12. inde vero mucronem longiorem versus hostis collum addito progressu dextri pedis propellito.
  1. USE OF THE SQUINTER
  2. ANOTHER against the longer point
  3. practice this gesture in this way,
  4. If you step close to the enemy,
  5. and he extends the sword against your face or breast,
  6. YOU hold the sword in position next to your right upper arm,
  7. and you invert turning back the sword in the side eye,
  8. afterwards pretend,
  9. as if you wanted to strike [using it (side eye)?],
  10. Truly strongly out of [the same] the strike which is called squinter by us having been sent forward using the long edge,
  11. strike his sword,
  12. thence truly adding the long point against the opponent's neck drive forward with an advance of[^2] the right foot.

[^1]: step, from concedo driangle or something similar [^2]: progressu-- i might have wishfully mangled this grammar

parallel construction, two targets, present in german

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/88v#88v b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. HABITUS, QUO MANUS
  2. adversarij feriuntur.
  3. SI adversarius contra te consistat in habitu longioris mucronis,
  4. et tu ferire eius manus cupias,
  5. tum quasi Strabone faciem vel caput concutere velis,
  6. simulato verum mutato animi proposito manus inde saucies.
  1. A GESTURE, IN WHICH THE HAND
  2. of the enemy is struck
  3. IF the enemy stands against you in the method of the long sword,
  4. and YOU desire to hit his hand,
  5. then you want to strike together the face or the head as if with a squinter,
  6. truly feint, by shifting the purpose of the mind, thence you strike the hand.

two targets (face or head), German uses inclusive (face and head) and to strike at both

89r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/89r#89r a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. RATIO, UNDE EX LATERE
  2. Vtroque erraticum geminum exercere poteris.
  3. IDIPSUM hac ratione depraehendas,
  4. in progressu,
  5. si ad hostem accesseris,
  6. sinistrum pedem praepones,
  7. ensem iuxta humerum dextrum contineas,
  8. et si conspexeris eum superné tibi obvium,
  9. tum adversus eum dextro pede in latus dextrum tuum prosilias,
  10. teque componas,
  11. tanquam liberé velis caput ex latere sinistro adversarij ferire superné,
  12. sicuti is antea pariter adhibita defensione,
  13. verum attracto ictu,
  14. sinistro pede celeriter versus adversarij latus dextrum prosilias,
  15. atque in ipso actu simulabis te velle latus ipsius dextrum concutere,
  16. sed retracto rursus ictu dextro pede in latus ipsius sinistrum prosilias,
  17. idemque latus animose quasses:
  18. at si interea nuditatem tuam appetere conabitur,
  19. tunc obviato acie ensis tui longa,
  20. removeasque ipsius impetum,
  21. idque ex utroque latere exercere noris[^1],
  22. idemque ex Transversarijs poteris habere utribique.
  1. METHOD, FROM WHENCE FROM BOTH SIDES
  2. you can practice the wild twin.
  3. You capture down by means of this method itself,
  4. In advance,
  5. if you would advance to the enemy,
  6. place the left foot in front,
  7. hold the sword next to the right upper arm,
  8. and if you would observe him above opposing you,
  9. then jump toward him with the right foot on your right side,
  10. and you compose yourself,
  11. as if you would freely wish to strike the head above from the left side of the adversary,
  12. in the same way you go before equally the defense having been employed,
  13. the strike truly having been dragged together,
  14. quickly spring the left foot forward against the adversary's right side,
  15. and in the same action you will pretend to want to strike his right side,
  16. but the strike having been drawn back again spring forward to his left side,
  17. and you should batter the same side courageously:
  18. and if meanwhile he will seek after your weaknesses,
  19. then oppose your sharp long edge,
  20. and set his forward attack aside,
  21. and you know how to exercise from this and the other side,
  22. and you are able to manage from the Transverse on both sides.
[^1]: possible syncopated form of nosco or novi (get to know or know)

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/89r#89r b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. VARII VSVS ICTVS EIVS.
  2. quo Vertex capitis adpetitur.
  3. IS ICTVS VVLTVI. ET PECTORI
  4. insidiosus esse solet, Ut infra patebit.
  5. Is habitus custodiam de populo cuius supra facta est mentio, disrumpit et avertit.
  6. Eum igitur hoc modo exerceto,
  7. si adversarius se in congressu mutuo in custodiam de populo praepararit[^3],
  8. tu ensem supra caput extentis brachijs attollas in custodia de die,
  9. contraque hostem dextro prosilias pede,
  10. firmiterque é superné deorsum ferias acie longa praemissa,
  11. brachijs identidem sublatis mucronem in faciem vel pectus hostis demittas deorsum,
  12. verum si habitu Coronae id[^4] repellat hostis ita ut utriusque ensis capuli ab suo gladio sint erecti,
  13. sursumque tollat,
  14. necnon mucronem ensis tui sursum torqueat,
  15. tum ensem sub corona hostis transigas conversa in brachium ipsius acie,
  16. inde si urseris,
  17. habitus ipsius irritus fiet,
  18. verum in ipso urgendi habitu eum proscindas,
  19. atque ab eo inde recedas.
  1. Various uses of his strike.
  2. by means of which the crown of the head is assailed.
  3. IT [is] the face strike. and the chest
  4. it is in the habit of being deceitful, in order to lie open below.
  5. I mention/name above THE[^5] posture [of] the guard of the poplar tree that took place , breaking and turning away.
  6. Therefore employ it in this way,
  7. If the adversary has prepared himself to join mutually in battle in the guard of the fool/poplar
  8. YOU would raise up the arms extending above the head in the guard of the day,
  9. and you advance your right foot against the enemy,
  10. you strike downwards strongly and from above with the long point sent forward,
  11. you strike/plunge the sword downwards into the face or breast of the enemy, repeatedly raising the arms,
  12. truly if the enemy would drive back using the action of the Crown, therefore in order that both the hilts of the sword are erected/upliftedby his sword
  13. and he lifts upward,
  14. and also twists the point of your sword,
  15. then stab/pierce the sword below the crown of the opponent inverted in his arm using the edge,
  16. thence if you press/follow/urge hard,
  17. his gesture will be ineffective,
  18. truly in the same gesture of urging/pressing hard you would gash him,
  19. and thence recede from him.
[^3]: this looks like a possible scribal error, although whitaker has this to say:
Syncope r => v.r
Syncopated perfect often drops the 'v' and contracts vowel
praeparav.erit V 1 1 PERF ACTIVE SUB 3 S
praeparav.erit V 1 1 FUTP ACTIVE IND 3 S
praeparo, praeparare, praeparavi, praeparatus V [XXXAX]
prepare;
[^4]: Could this "id" be indes?
[^5]: Not sure how else to represent the nominative pronoun here. However, there are two sentences that begin "is" and one has no verb, so maybe something weirder is going on


parallel construction, two targets, present in german

89v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/89v#89v a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. NUNC SEQUUNTUR Quatuor Castra,
  2. seu ut Vocant propugnacula.
  3. BOS, ARATRUM, POPULUS, HABITUS DE DIE.
  4. ISTA quatuor Castra,
  5. custodiae quatuor sunt,
  6. ex quibus Athletam strenuum te praestare oportet.
  1. Now follow the four camps/forts,
  2. or in the same way they call the defenses
  3. The ox, the plow, the poplar/popular, the posture of the day.
  4. Those four camps,
  5. four guards they are,
  6. from which it is proper to excel yourself, the vigorous athlete.

two phrases for one concept, not in german


b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/89v#89v b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. DE BOVE.
  2. IN eum habitum hoc modo te praepares est necesse,
  3. sinistrum pedem praeponas,
  4. versus latus dextrum tuum ensem contineas,
  5. capulo pro facie tua consistente,
  6. ita ut acies brevis versum te conversa sit,
  7. mucrone contra faciem ipsius porrecto.
  1. Of the ox.
  2. It is necessary to prepare yourself in this way for this posture,
  3. you should set the left foot before,
  4. hold your sword against the right side,
  5. the hilt standing before your face,
  6. thus in the same way the short edge is turned against you,
  7. the point extended against his face.

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/89v#89v c Latin

  1. VERUM de sinistro Latere in eum habitum hac ratione te accommodes,
  2. dextrum pedem praefigas,
  3. in latere sinistro ensem teneas,
  4. capulus pro facie consistat,
  5. acie longa erga te conversa,
  6. atque mucro in hostis visum porrectus.
  7. Is igitur habitus BOS dicitur.
  1. Truly adjust yourself from the left side in this stance in this way,
  2. you should put the right foot before,
  3. hold the sword on the left side,
  4. the hilt stands before the face,
  5. the long edge turned towards you,
  6. and the point extended in the opponent's face.
  7. THIS therefore is called the stance of the OX.

90r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/90r#90r a Latin

  1. DE ARATRO
  2. Seconda custodia Aratrum dicitur:
  3. in eam hoc pacto[^1] te adaptes opus erit,
  4. sinistrum pedem praefigas,
  5. ensem contineas deorsum in latere tuo dextro manibus cancellatis,
  6. nodo dextrae coxae adplicato,
  7. ita ut superné acies brevis appareat,
  8. mucro vero contra adversarij faciem sit porrectus.
  1. Regarding the plow
  2. The second guard is called the plow:
  3. it will be useful for you to adapt yourself in it using this manner,
  4. Set your left foot in front,
  5. hold the sword downward to the right side, your hands crossed over,
  6. place the pommel close to the right hip,
  7. thus, it is apparent that the short edge is higher/upward,
  8. the sword will in truth be extended against the face of the adversary.

[^1]: pacto appears only with crossed hands. "te adaptes" appears in both cases.


b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/90r#90r b Latin

  1. Item de sinistro latere hoc modo te in Aratri habitum componas.
  2. dextrum pedem praeponas,
  3. iuxtà que latus sinistrum contineas ensem deorsum prope sinistram itidem coxam,
  4. acies longa superior sit,
  5. mucro sursum vergat faciem adversarij respiciens.
  1. Similarly compose yourself in this way in the Plow posture of the left side.
  2. place your right foot in front,
  3. hold the sword adjacent to the left side downward in the same way close to the left hip,
  4. set the long edge higher,
  5. [so that] the point inclines upwards gazing at the face of the adversary.

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/90r#90r c Latin

  1. DE FORMA, QUAE DICITUR
  2. Germanis Populus.
  3. CUSTODIA Tertia Populus arbor est,
  4. in eum habitum sic te accommodes,
  5. sinistrum pedem praefixisse necesse est,
  6. porrectis brachijs ensem ante te contineas,
  7. mucrone humo nitente ita,
  8. ut brevis acies superna sit.
  1. Regarding the form, which is called
  2. the poplar tree by the Germans.
  3. The third guard is the poplar tree,
  4. adjust yourself into this posture,
  5. it is necessary to set your left foot in front,
  6. hold the sword in front of you with the arms extended,
  7. thus the point is leaning[^2] on the ground,
  8. so that the short edge is upward.

[^2]: we have inclinationibus later; this shouldn't get the same English as that.


d

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/90r#90r d Latin

  1. CUSTODIA DE DIE
  2. Quarta Custodia haec est,
  3. ad eam hac ratione te componas,
  4. sinistrum praefigere pedem non dubites,
  5. sublatum ensem extentis supra caput brachijs contineas praetenta acie longa,
  6. retrorsum mucro non nihil pendeat:
  7. atque ita in custodia consistas.
  1. guard of the day
  2. This is the fourth guard,
  3. compose yourself in this manner,
  4. do not hesitate to set your left foot in front,
  5. hold the lifted sword with the arms extended above the head, the long edge extended in front,
  6. the sword point hangs down not a little bit in back:
  7. and thus you would stand in the guard.

90v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/90v#90v a Latin

  1. SEQUUNTUR QUATUOR
  2. Ictus quibus omnis generis habitus et castra repelluntur,
  3. atque in nihilum rediguntur.
  4. In superioribus dictum est de quatuor custodijs,
  5. iam igitur doceberis,
  6. quae principales formae sint,
  7. quibus hostis impetus retardantur,
  8. quarum sunt ictus quatuor.
  1. The following four
  2. strikes by which any gestures and camps born in all ways are repelled,
  3. and in nothing are driven back.
  4. In the above it is stated about the four guards,
  5. now therefore I will teach,
  6. which would be the principal forms,
  7. with which the forward attack of the enemy is delayed,
  8. of which the four strikes are.

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/90v#90v b Latin

  1. Primus est, qui Curuus dicitur,
  2. cuius supra mentio facta est,
  3. is removet habitum,
  4. vel custodiam Bovis.
  5. Secundus. Transversarius,
  6. qui custodiam de die repellit.
  7. Tertius, qui à limis oculis appellationem sortitus est,
  8. is custodiam Aratri disrumpit.
  9. Quartus is est Ictus,
  10. quo vertex capitis adpetitur,
  11. qui custodiam Populi, ut nos Germani vocamus, repellit.
  12. quo autem modo certiores habitus ex praedictis Ictibus sint formandi,
  13. et qui habitus sint contra custodias,
  14. supra descripti sunt in Ictibus,
  15. quare si plagas cavere velis,
  16. nullos alios preter hos exerceas.
  1. The first is that which is called Curved,
  2. of which it is mentioned above,
  3. it shifts the posture,
  4. or the guard of Ox.
  5. Second. the transverse,
  6. which repels the guard of the day.
  7. Third, which gets the name from side-eye,
  8. it disrupts the guard of Plow.
  9. Fourth is the Strike,
  10. which seeks the crown of the head,
  11. which repels that guard which our Germans call Poplar.
  12. In which way, however, certain conditions would be formed out of the preceding Strikes,
  13. and any who would be in a position against the guards,
  14. the above are described in the Strikes,
  15. for which reason if you wish to hit to cut through,
  16. practice no others besides these.

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/90v#90v c Latin

  1. CAUTELA OBSERVATIOQUE,
  2. quid agendum sit,
  3. si hostis impetum exceperit,
  4. atque ab ense tuo removere suum nolit.[^1]
  5. SI adversarius Vim tuam sibi illatam exceperit,
  6. nec ensem ab ense tuo removere volet[^2],
  7. verum conatur,
  8. ne ullos habitus queas exercere,
  9. tunc tum quasi ensem retrahere volveris simulabis,
  10. et usque ad medium attrahas,
  11. eo post celeriter sublato,
  12. caput eius acie brevi,
  13. vel habitu duplationis concutito.
  1. Caution and Observation,
  2. which will have been done,
  3. if the opponent would take out the forward attack,
  4. and doesn't want to shift away from your sword.
  5. If the adversary would take out your Strength bearing it in[^3] for himself,
  6. neither does he want to shift away from the sword,
  7. truly he tries,
  8. nor(?) are you able to employ any actions,
  9. then next you will pretend as if you wanted to pull back,
  10. and you should drag together up to the middle,
  11. afterwards, having lifted it quickly,
  12. batter his head with the short edge,
  13. or in the gesture of doubling.
[^1]: This bit is an attempt at translating the Lichtenauer verse. In the MS, it's all written on two lines--the line breaks here are artificial based on punctuation.
[^2]: this appears to have been written first "nolet" and then over-written with a diagonal lower connector and a heavy curl-mark (as is used elsewhere/in other hands to indicate u). other u/v characters on this page don't have the curl mark, which could indicate it was added here to clarify the correction.
[^3]: illatam is il + latam -- latam is a form of ferre (bring, bear, carry off, get) and il is a form of in

d

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/90v#90v d Latin

  1. ALIA FORMA.
  2. QUUM adversarius impetum removerit tuum,
  3. sursum ensem ab ipsius gladio vellito versus mucronem ipsius,
  4. quasi superné excepturus,
  5. verum ensem non removeas,
  6. at ita haerens ab ense rursus caput eius ferias.
  1. Another form
  2. When the adversary has set your forward attack aside,
  3. extract the sword from on high from his sword toward his sword,
  4. as if you will take it out from a higher level,
  5. in truth, you would not shift the sword,
  6. but therefore, adhering to the sword, you would strike his head.

91 r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/91r#91r a Latin

  1. RATIO ET FORMA, UNDE
  2. Quatuor nuditatibus ensis mucro adplicatur.
  3. Ratio isthaec ensis applicandi gravis et habitus alijs.
  4. contra quos pugnas,
  5. periculosus,
  6. quoniam quatuor nuditatibus obesse solet,
  7. soletque exerceri tum,
  8. cum cito ab adversario recedere statuisti.
  1. A method and form, from which
  2. the point of the sword is applied to Four openings.
  3. The method at hand will have been applying the heavy sword and other actions.
  4. anyone you fight against,
  5. [is] dangerous,
  6. because he is accustomed to being hurt in the four openings,
  7. and then he is accustomed to being exercised,
  8. when you are set up to go back speedily from the adversary.

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/91r#91r b Latin

  1. EAM igitur rationem ensis applicandi sic agas,
  2. si ad hostem ense Athletico more regendo perveneris,
  3. tum in custodiam Bovis te adaptes vel Aratri,
  4. si mavis,
  5. et si hostis superné contra te ferire vel pungere ex latere suo dextro conetur,
  6. praevenias eum excipiendo,
  7. ad proximam nuditatem lateris ipsius sinistri,
  8. mucronem longiorem propellas,
  9. expectans,
  10. num posses venari occasionem applicandi ensis.
  1. Therefore, conduct this action thus when applying the sword,
  2. if you have come to the enemy with the sword, the Athletic custom having been guided,
  3. then you would adapt yourself into the guard of the Ox, or the Plow
  4. if you prefer,
  5. and if the enemy would attempt to hit you (from) above or to thrust from his right side,
  6. you should anticipate intercepting it,
  7. up to the closest opening on his left side,
  8. you would drive forward the longer point,
  9. awaiting,
  10. if you could hunt, connecting the opportunity of the sword.
  • parallel construction, two possible stances, present in german
  • lines 7-8 will sound better in English if their order is swapped

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/91r#91r c latin

  1. Rursum cum is é Superné de latere suo sinistro contra te feriat,
  2. etiam tum eum excipiendo praevenias,
  3. atque mucronem longiorem lateri eius dextro infigas.
  4. At si is ab inferné de dextro suo latere feriat,
  5. tu mucronem longum versus proximam nuditatem lateris adversarij dextri impellas.
  1. Again when he strikes against you from above from his left side,
  2. and then you should anticipate intercepting it,
  3. you should thrust the longer point in to his right side.
  4. But yet if HE strikes from below from his right side,
  5. YOU drive the long point against the closest opening on the right side of the adversary.

d

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/91r#91r d latin

  1. ALIA FORMA.
  2. SI vero itidem ab inferné de latere suo sinistro contra te feriat,
  3. tum mucronem longiorem versus nuditatem inferiorem lateris dextri inijcias,
  4. subinde expectans mucronem,
  5. et si is intorsionem mucronis perspexerit,
  6. removeritque,
  7. ensis tuus remaneat supra ensem hostilem,
  8. et inde celeriter contra proximam nuditatem ensem inijcias.
  1. needs title
  2. If he strikes against you truly in the same way from below from his left side,
  3. then you should strike the longer point in against the lower opening of the right side,
  4. immediately thereupon awaiting the point,
  5. and if HE observed/saw through the wrapping of the point,
  6. and shift it,
  7. your sword should stay back above the opponent's sword,
  8. and thence you should strike the sword quickly against the nearest opening.

91v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/91v#91v a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. RATIO URGENDI HOStem
  2. insequendo progressu.
  3. ISTIUS rationis varij sunt habitus et Usus,
  4. ijque sunt magna prudentia exercendi atque industria contra Athletas,
  5. qui ex porrectis et liberis Ictibus Athleticam tractant,
  6. sed veram ipsius Athleticae artem,
  7. occultamque non magnifaciunt.
  1. Method for attacking the enemy
  2. having advanced to overtake.
  3. The condition and Use of these methods are diverse,
  4. and they are to be practiced with great skill and industriousness against Athletes,
  5. who draw from the extended and free Athletic Strikes,
  6. but truly the art of Athletics itself,
  7. And they do not make concealment great.
  • confusing habitus in line 3 ("condition")


b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/91v#91v b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Primum habitum rationis hostem urgendi hoc modo exerceto,
  2. si ad hostem gladiando perveneris,
  3. sinistrum pedem praeponas,
  4. teque in custodiam de die componas,
  5. diligenter autem observes,
  6. quibus contra te habitus utatur,
  7. et si eveniat,
  8. ut porrectim superné contra te feriat de humero suo dextro,
  9. eum impetum non repellas,
  10. sed cura ne ictu te apprehendat adversarius,
  11. atque dum ensis eius in ipsa ictus vi deorsum defertur humum versus,
  12. ad eum dextro pede prosilias,
  13. et proximam nuditatem lateris dextri superné quasses,
  14. et ea ratione priusquam hostis ensem sustulerit,
  15. iam vulneratus est.
  1. Exercise the first gesture of the method of pressing the opponent hard in this way,
  2. if you come up to the opponent ,
  3. you would place your left foot in front,
  4. and would collect yourself in the guard of the day,
  5. but you would observe more diligently,
  6. the gesture that is used against you by anyone,
  7. and if it happens,
  8. in order that he would strike against you extended above from his upper right shoulder
  9. you do not thrust back his forward attack,
  10. but undertake that the adversary not seize you with the strike,
  11. and while his sword would bear down in those strikes with strength, having been overthrown to the ground,
  12. you would rush toward him with the right foot,
  13. and batter the closest opening on the left side from above,
  14. and by means of this method, before the enemy would have lifted the sword,
  15. soon he is/will have been wounded.

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/91v#91v c Latin (Sandbox)

  1. ALIUS PRECEDENTIS HABITUS.
  2. QUUM adversarius ictum longius deorsum direxerit,
  3. hoc autem fiet,
  4. si eum tu non exceperis,
  5. ictus .n.[^1] eo modo defertur:
  6. tu autem eius ictum feriundo consequutus sis,
  7. cum igitur celeriter is ensem rursus elevet,
  8. tuumque impetum excipiat,
  9. fortiter tunc acies ensis tui longa,
  10. ipsius ensi adiuncta remaneat,
  11. et si removere sursum conabitur,
  12. tum dextro hostis pedi sinistrum resiliendo postponas,
  13. atque transversario vel alio habitu caput ipsius de latere capitis dextro quassabis,
  14. inde vero celeriter versus alterum latus habitu duplationis seu alio genere ictus laborabis,
  15. iuxta observationem,[^2]
  16. num fortiter ensem,
  17. vel minus, teneat,
  18. atque haec forma dicitur externa.
  1. Another of the preceding gesture
  2. When the adversary directs the longer strike downwards,
  3. this will take place,
  4. if YOU do not take it out,
  5. the strike flows down indeed in that same way:
  6. YOU, however, would overtake by hitting his strike,
  7. when therefore HE quickly raises his sword back,
  8. and intercepts your forward attack,
  9. strongly then your long edge,
  10. remains bound to his sword,
  11. and if he tries to shift upwards,
  12. then, springing back, you place the left after the right foot of the enemy,
  13. and by transversing or with another method, you will batter his head from the right side of the head,
  14. thence truly you will work quickly against the other side using an action of doubling or elsewhere to generate a strike,
  15. during close observation,
  16. now he holds the sword strongly,
  17. or less [so],
  18. and this is called the outward form.

92 r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/92r#92r a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. ALIUS ITEM HABITUS.
  2. Si hostis longius feriundo deorsum fertur,
  3. et tu ictum ipsius consequeris.
  4. Si eius ensem contigeris versus latus ipsius sinistrum,
  5. et is celeriter ex praemunitione transversario latus tuum dextrum feriat,
  6. tunc tu transversarium exercendo,
  7. sub eius gladio irrumpendo,
  8. collum ex latere sinistro saucies,
  9. vel sinistro pede prosilias,
  10. in latus adversarij dextrum,
  11. ictumque eius itidem ictum tuo consequitor versus latus dextrum,
  12. vel incisionem brachijs iniectam versus caput eius usurpato.
  1. Likewise another action.
  2. If the opponent is brought to longer striking below,
  3. and you (will) follow his blow.
  4. If it happens that his sword is against his left side,[^1]
  5. and HE strikes your right quickly from transverse defensive positions,
  6. then YOU employing the transverse,
  7. will have broken under his sword,
  8. you should wound the neck from the left side,
  9. or spring with the left foot,
  10. toward the adversary's right side,
  11. and follow his blow with your same blow against the right side,
  12. or make use of a cutting-into injecting the arm against his head.
  • [^1]: We did "contigeris" as "it happens" but most of the time we choose "contact." Come back to this.

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/92r#92r b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. ALIA RURSUS
  2. consequutionis Forma.
  3. QUUM contra adversarium inferos ictus exercens vel te componens in custodiam Populi ut vocant pugnas,
  4. et is ensem tuo coniungat priusquam levaris,
  5. tu remanens tollas ensem sursum:
  6. verum si ex praemunitione contra te ferire conetur,
  7. vel á tuo gladio intorquere[^2] suum tu curabis,
  8. ne ensem removere possit,
  9. atque ipsum sequens contra proximam nuditatem concertato.
  10. Hoc insuper observabis,
  11. ut eum instando urgeas ex omnibus custodijs,
  12. omnibusque ictibus,
  13. quamprimum cognoris,
  14. quem adversarius longius ictum rexerit,
  15. quam ut statim ensem attollere possit,
  16. atque quamprimum nudum[^3] se quacunque parte corporis id sit,
  17. exhibuerit.
  1. ANOTHER FORM
  2. of the reversed pursuit/following.
  3. When you fight against the adversary practicing a strike from below or composed in the guard called Poplar,
  4. and HE contacts the sword ?with yours? before you raise up,
  5. continuing/remaining [below][^4] you lift the sword up high:
  6. Truly, if he attempts to strike against you from the fortification,
  7. or YOU will arrange[^5] to wrap his [sword] with your sword,
  8. he is not able to shift the sword,
  9. and [you] will fight following against his closest opening.
  10. You will observe the above,
  11. so that you press him hard in the attack with threatening from all guards,
  12. and from all strikes, you should learn to the
  13. highest degree possible,
  14. any longer strike the adversary directs,
  15. how much it is possible to immediately lift the sword
  16. and to the greatest extent the opening[^6] (the most exposed [bit]?) no matter what part of the body it would be[^7]
  17. he will present[^8].

alternative 12 (end) to 17: you should learn to the greatest degree, regardless of the longer strike directed by the adversary, how it is possible to lift the sword as much as possible to the most exposed [part] he will present, whatever part of the body that would be.

  • [^2]: this is similar to intorsio-- do we want them similar in english? http://logeion.uchicago.edu/index.html#intorquere
    • it has comparable senses of braid, wind around, roll eyes, throw insults.
  • [^3]: interesting-- we usually have seen "nuditatem" (which i guess is nudity vs nude, or opening vs open?)
  • [^4]: from german
  • [^5]: do we usually do "take care"?
  • [^6]: a) i wonder if this construction has some significance with the nudum/nuditatem difference b) could this be something simpler like a really emphatic "every opening"? or maybe "the thing which is the openest possible"? "the most nude [part], whatever part of the body it may be"?
  • [^7]: the grammar of this doesn't really work with the bigger picture
  • [^8]: I think I've cleaned these last few clauses up a bunch, but I feel like I'm still missing an "attack" somewhere, probably early in 16
  • parallel construction, 2 items in latin and 3 in German (Latin has combined unterhau and streichen into "strike from below")

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/92r#92r c Latin (Sandbox)

  1. CAUTELA, QUA SENTITUR
  2. num hostis ensem firmiter vel non contineat.
  3. Inter ensis longioris habitus,
  4. excellentissimus omnius id est:
  5. sentire num hostis fortiter ensem teneat vel infirmiter.
  6. Secundum: ut crebros ictus contra hostem,
  7. atque id fiat velocissimé,
  8. exerceas. [^9]
  9. Et si quis huius artis magister haberi cupiat,
  10. nec predictos modo habitus noverit,
  11. nequamque glorietur se Athleticam tenere,
  12. quare in primis illa duo discenda sunt.
  1. A caution, to any who perceive
  2. whether the opponent would hold his sword strongly or not.
  3. Among the gestures of the longer sword,
  4. "it"[^10] is the most excellent of all:
  5. to perceive whether the enemy would hold the sword strongly or weakly.
  6. Secondly: you should employ continuous strikes against the opponent,
  7. and make "it" very quick.
  8. [moved to line 6]
  9. And if a master wants to consider any of these arts,
  10. and has not studied the action in the preceding manner,
  11. and then he boasts worthlessly about comprehending Athletics,
  12. because the two have to be learned first of all.
  • 9-12 need more englishing
  • Parallel construction not in german: Latin introduces new ideas to try to gymnastic around the concept of indes.
  • Latin explains fühlen, but ignores indes and cutting strongly altogether.
  • confusing habitus in line 10– couldn't resolve to posture or gesture
  • This where Latin’s continuous strikes or bellum cross with indes, but not krieg in the German.
  • Latin has parallel construction about strong or weak, but not any of the or/nor stuff from German (master or wishes to be; neither understands fuhlen nor indes).

Grammatical indes notes

  • [^9]: Rebecca Garber Feb 12, 2018: Oh god. It's latin grammar performance art. The indes is inserted into the center of things. We need to check this pattern for the other uses of indes. Are they presented as insertions into other actions to reflect the 'meanwhile/fast' aspect of the indes?
    Kendra Brown Feb 26, 2018: to elaborate on this example: in this sentence, the clause with "id" has been placed between the verb and the word that would normally precede it, creating a construction that isn't wrong, but feels about as comfortable as an infinitive that's split by a multi-word adverbial phrase

The expression of speed interrupts the sentence with the action, mirroring the way cutting indesly interrupts the opponent's action. Something like: execute the repeated cuts, and do them really fast, against the enemy.

  • [^10]: We found the magical indes

Indes notes from German study

  • Indes is the point in time at the point of contact when feeling occurs during the action
  • Doing the action indesly is taking the time to feel during the action
  • acting indesly
  • double indesly = feel at the point of contact during doubling
  • mutate indesly = feel at the point of contact during mutation
  • change through indesly = fee at the point of contact during change through
  • indesly run through
  • indesly take the cut
  • wrestle indesly
  • take the sword indesly
  • do indesly what your heart desires
  • why ‘taking’ the cut
    • 92r: so Nim den schnidt Vnnder seinen armen/
    • 86r: sub brachijs ipsius incisionis habitu[m] exerceas

92 v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/92v#92v a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Habitum sentiendi hac ratione percipies,
  2. Si ad hostem digladiando[^1] perveneris,
  3. atque mutuo gladios ex primo congressu contigeritis,
  4. tum in ipsa ensium coruscatione mutua mox observandum tibi est,
  5. num fortiter vel minus ensem tuum contigerit,
  6. quamprimum vero id senseris,
  7. recordêris statim velocitatis,
  8. id est,
  9. ut velocissimé in ipso habitu sentiendi pariter cum hoste concertes,
  10. atque ea conditione vulnerabitur praeter opinionem.
  1. You will understand the action by means of this method of sensing,
  2. If you have arrived at the enemy for sword fighting,
  3. and, from the initial onset, you [plural] have mutually contacted the swords,
  4. then during that mutual flash of the swords YOU must soon observe,[^4]
  5. whether he has contacted your sword more or less strongly,[^5]
  6. as soon as you have truly sensed IT [the contact],
  7. you should immediately be mindful of speed,[^6]
  8. that is to say,
  9. while, in that action of swiftest sensing, you are contesting with the enemy at the same time, [^9]
  10. and with this deep thrust, he will be wounded contrary to expectations.
  • [^1]: means either with flourishings of sword or to struggle greatly
  • [^4]: passive periphrastic expresses something that must be done.
  • [^5]: "strongly or less so" is more direct to the latin but this is more english
  • [^6]: recordo, recordare is rare, but possible. The more common form is a deponent. Recordo takes a genetive object
  • [^9]: intrusive explanation of IT, that is, indes
  • Parallel construction, strong or weak, present in the German
  • confusing habitus in line 1 and 9-- line 9 suggests gesture, because postures aren't swift, but it seems like it should match line 1 which i'm not sure about
  • conditione may be a garbled form of condicio, which means something like agreement, settlement, condition, circumstances
    • conditione may be a garbled form of condo, condidi, conditum which has senses like establish, place permanently, set, thrust deeply
    • conditione appears 4 times in this text; on 92v, 93r, and 96v it appears to be this "thrust deeply" sense but on 87v "conditions" works better.

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/92v#92v b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Porró, sentire,
  2. et celeriter insuper crebris ictibus[^17] uti,
  3. illi duo habitus[^12] á se invicem divelli nequeunt,
  4. nec alterum absque altero usurpare tutó licebit.
  5. ex hoc igitur percipies.
  6. Si senseris,
  7. ut supra commemoratum est,
  8. illum infirmiter vel fortiter ensem tuum tetigisse,
  9. celerrimé utȇris crebris ictibus.[^11]
  10. nam hij duo habitus semper sunt coniuncti.
  11. Secundum autem,
  12. quod est,
  13. ut celer sis et velox:
  14. in omnibus habitibus usurpare poteris.
  15. Scilicet, Conduplationibus, Transmutationibus, Transcursibus, Incisionibus, Luctis[^18],
  16. arrepto ense hoc habitu,[^19]
  17. quicquid volveris,
  18. conaberis praecipue id contra hunc habitum tam perstantem ignorantes exercere poteris.
  1. Furthermore, sensing
  2. and quickly using continuous strikes (as previously mentioned),
  3. those two things cannot be separated from each other,
  4. nor may the second be safely used without the former.
  5. therefore, you will understand from this.
  6. If you have sensed,
  7. that one to have weakly or strongly touched your sword,
  8. while [the] above was kept in mind,[^14]
  9. [then] you quickly use [it] within the timeframe of the continuous strikes.
  10. for these two things are always connected.
  11. And indeed the second,
  12. which is,
  13. while you are fast and quick:[^15]
  14. you can seize upon [it] in all conditions/actions.
  15. That is, during doubling, during changing about, during running across, during cutting into, during wrestling,
  16. while snatching the sword with this gesture,
  17. whatever you would want,
  18. [if] you will attempt, you will be able to exercise IT in particular against those [who are] persistently ignorant of this gesture/action.
  • [^17]: 'crebris ictibus' appears to be the equivalent to the 'krieg', and appears here twice as the equivalent for 'indes'.
  • [^18]: 'luctis/lucto' actually means to mourn, grieve. 'luctor, luctatis' would mean to wrestle. This appears to be an obvious scribal error.
  • [^19]: ablative is used to express "the time within which" an event happens. Thus, for example, indes is used within the time required to execute a doubling. We used 'during' in the translation as the least cumbersome equivalent.
  • [^11]: RG: could 'crebris ictibus' by the translator's equivalent of 'das wort Indes'? which is still bonkers, btw.
  • [^12]: 'illi duo habitus' appears to be idiomatic for 'these two things'
  • [^13]: in the sense of "one ought not"
  • [^14]: lines 7-8 is the grammatical intrusion (here swapped from the latin order): the action of 7 interrupts the actions of 6 and 8.
  • [^15]: lines 11-13, rhetorical speed and repetition of strikes?
  • confusing habitus in line 14 and 18. I did "gesture" elsewhere in lines 3, 10, and 16 which seemed like movements, but 14 is seizing again and 18 is a thing you can try, but also a thing that persists
  • "crebris" appears here, without "krieg" in the german at all
  • parallel construction, strongly or weakly, more or less present in german (despite most of the german concepts being sliced, diced, and mushed).
  • ablative list of indesly acting seems to use ablative of time, an action is to be carried out 'indesly' within the time frame defined by the doubling, change about, etc.

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/92v#92v c Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Consequutio adhibita incisionis forma.
  2. Consequutiones usurpato ex utroque latere addita incisione,
  3. id ita adprehendas.
  4. Si adversarius coram te ictu suo longius excesserit sive de latere dextro,
  5. sive sinistro,
  6. tu animosé ictum eius,
  7. ense tuo consequitor versus nuditatem ipsius.
  8. at si is ensem levarit,
  9. tuumque ensem ab inferné tetigerit,
  10. diligentissimé observato,
  11. ut quamprimum enses fuerint coniuncti,
  12. celeriter brachio hostis,
  13. ensem tuum superimponas ex acie longa,
  14. eaque ratione supprimas,
  15. vel, si mavis,
  16. os proscindas.
  1. The sequence of the cutting-into out of the applied form.
  2. You should make use of the sequences out of both sides while adding the cutting-into,
  3. grasp it thus.
  4. If the adversary had passed his long strike before your eyes from the right side,
  5. or the left,
  6. YOU! follow his strike courageously,
  7. with your sword against his opening.
  8. but if HE had raised lifted up the sword,
  9. and your sword had struck from below,
  10. while (during) being observed most carefully,
  11. in order that the swords will have been contacted to the greatest extent,
  12. you place your sword on top (or over [his]) from the long point,
  13. quickly at the shoulder of the enemy,
  14. and you press it down with this account,
  15. or, if you would prefer,
  16. you plow into the mouth/face[^16].

9-10, 12-13 swapped from latin order

93 r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/93r#93r a Latin

  1. SUPERINIECTIO[^2] ENSIS.
  2. SI quis inferioribus Ictibus te fuerit adgressus,
  3. hoc modo contra te geras,
  4. si volveris commemorato habitu uti.
  5. Cum ad hostem accesseris,
  6. et is ab infernè contra te feriat,
  7. excipere ipsius impetum nolito,
  8. verum diligenter observato,
  9. cum ipsius ictus inferus tibi adpropinquarit,
  10. tu de humero[^3] dextro ictum porrectum ferias,
  11. indeque mucronem longiorem in faciem vel pectus adversarij propellas,
  12. nec non eum adplices,
  13. et proposito loco ensem adiungas,
  14. itaque fiet,
  15. ut infernè te adprehendere nequeat hostis.
  16. Si autem is ab infernè ensem levavit,
  17. tuumque impetum excipiat,
  18. longa tui ensis acies firmiter hostis ensi inhaereat[^1],
  19. atque inde celerrimè contra ipsius nuditatem proximam concertato.
  20. Isthuc tibi quoque observandum est,
  21. si firmiter ipsius ensem contigeris,
  22. atque is ex praemunitione[^4] alterum latus tibi ferire conetur,
  23. tunc acie longa caput eius saucies,
  24. et aequè contra nuditatem ac prius labores utrinque.
  1. The action of casting over of the sword
  2. If anyone approached you using strikes from below,
  3. you should conduct yourself in opposition in this way,
  4. if you wish to use the aforementioned action,
  5. When you have come near to the opponent,
  6. and HE strikes against you from below,
  7. you will refuse to intercept his forward attack,
  8. [you] will truly observe carefully,
  9. when his low strike drew near to you,
  10. YOU would strike an extended strike from the right upper arm,
  11. and thence you would thrust forward the longer point into the face or chest of the adversary,
  12. indeed you land [a strike] on him,
  13. and if you would connect the sword in the exposed place,
  14. it will therefore occur
  15. that the enemy is unable to overtake you from below.
  16. If HE raises the sword from below
  17. and he would intercept your forward attack,
  18. the long edge of your sword stays stuck firmly to the sword of the opponent,
  19. and thence you will quickly strive against his nearest opening.
  20. This will likewise have been been observed by you,
  21. if you have strongly contacted his sword,
  22. and HE tries to strike out of the fortification at your other side,
  23. then you wound his head using the long edge,
  24. and you work the prior [action] equally on both sides and against the openings.
  • [^1]: the underlying sense of this is something staying in place often in a somewhat negative way: words stuck in throat; following too close behind, failing to break through, getting stuck during a race. (It also has non-negative senses.) It makes more sense now that we've read "the long sharp edge of your sword" as the subject of the verb, not the object.
  • [^2]: "überlaufen" in relation to weapons means to attack [from above], and is synonymous with anfechten or schlagen, Grimm, vol. 23, col. 379. "Iniectio" means to throw, cast. "Superiniectio" means to cast your sword over a highline attack so that your tip drops downward to hit something.
  • Parallel construction, two targets, present in German
  • organization:
    • 1-3: outline
    • 4-7: theoretical
    • 8-14: practical example
    • 15-18: second practical example
    • 19-23: third practical example
  • [^3] German has shoulder here; Latin has "humero" instead of expected "brachio"
  • [^4]: The German has a standard "Versatzung" here, while the Latin has this 'preparatory' form of 'munito', which means the act of fortification or guarding. This is possibly a synonym for "castra", which is used for the guards/stances.

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/93r#93r b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. REMOTIONIS[^5] HABITUS ET VSVS
  2. ID hoc modo exercebis,
  3. si ad adversarium proceßeris,
  4. atque is quasi pungere velit se constituerit,
  5. tu sinistrum pedem prepones,
  6. necnon versus ipsum in Aratrum co[m]ponas te,
  7. ex latere dextro tuo,
  8. nudumque latus hosti sinistrum praebeas,
  9. cum igitur nuditatem fodere conetur,
  10. ensem deflectas in latus sinistrum tuum versus ipsius ensem,
  11. et brevi acie,
  12. eius ensi coniungas,
  13. et ea conditione hostis impetum removeas[^6] mucrone tamen contra hostem porrecto,
  14. sinistro post dextro pedi coniuncto,
  15. faciem inde vel pectus fodias.
  1. The gesture and use of deflection
  2. You will practice THIS in this way,
  3. if you were to advance toward the adversary,
  4. and HE were to arrange himself as if he wanted to feint a thrust[^9],
  5. YOU[^7] place your left foot forward,
  6. and indeed, you would compose yourself in the plow against that one,
  7. out of your right side,
  8. and you should offer an openness in the left side to the enemy,
  9. When, therefore, he would attempt to stab the opening,
  10. you should divert the sword aside into your left side against his sword,
  11. and the short edge,
  12. you should join to his sword,
  13. and you deflect the forward attack of the enemy with this deep thrust, still extending the point against the enemy,
  14. the right foot having been joined behind the left,
  15. from there you should stab at the face or chest.[^8]
  • [^5]: remotio used for 'absetzen'
  • [^6]: removeas used for 'absetzen'
  • [^7]: This line is an imperative, which means the verb already includes the implied subject, yet the pronoun 'tu' is included as well.
  • [^8]: The German has 'indes' in this clause, meaning that you stab their face or chest while stepping forward. This is an example of the Latin translator weaponizing grammar to express Indes. Lines 13-15 form a chiasmus in the sequence of tenses, where 13 describes an action [removeas] to be undertaken while an underlying condition is maintained [mucrone porrecto], and line 14 describes the underlying condition [sinestro coniuncto] while the action is undertaken [fodias].
  • This is the first page with an ß in the Latin text, which could indicate a new translator, which could indicate that this is the translator's first (and only) exposure to the concept of indes.
  • [^9]: The use of 'pungere' here accurately distinguishes between the feinting action of the subjunctive and the actual stab (fodias) from line 15
  • parallel construction, two targets, present in german
  • 11-12 would normally be combined in Latin, German, and English, but the comma is preserved as it appears in the Latin text.
  • A variety of different punctuation choices and letter forms appear for the first time on this page: ß, hybrid a/A on Aratrum, extra period before fodias at the end, random dot above brevi, extra comma between lines 11&12. This could indicate a different scribe has taken over the work.


c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/93r#93r c Latin (Sandbox)

  1. ALIA FORMA PRAECEDENTIS.
  2. SI in Aratri habitu de latere dextro consistas,
  3. et adversarius nuditatem sinistri lateris supernè conetur ferire,
  4. tu sublato ense,
  5. contra ipsius Ictum in latus sinistrum eum convertas [page 32] capulo in forma Bovis pro facie tua constituto,
  6. alterum pedem si dextro adiunxeris,
  7. faciem inde vel pectus adversarij pungas,
  8. idque ex Aratro de latere sinistro facias.
  1. Another form of the preceding
  2. If you stand in the posture of the Plow on the right side,
  3. and the adversary attempts to strike the opening on the left side from above,
  4. YOU, having lifted the sword,
  5. turn it back against his strike toward the left side with the sword hilt positioned in the form of the Ox in front of your face,
  6. if you have joined the second foot to the right,
  7. thence thrust at the face or the chest of the adversary,
  8. and you could do IT from the Plow on the left side.

93 v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/93v#93v a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. DE TRANSMUTATIONIS
  2. vel Transmissionis Vsu
  3. VARII habitus Transmutationis et usus sunt,
  4. quibus[^1] uti poteris contra gladiatores ex omnibus ictibus,
  5. qui feriunt contra enses potius,
  6. quam nuditates,
  7. ijs igitur uti addisces prudenter,
  8. ne dum Transmutatione tu uteris,
  9. hostis mucrone te appetat.
  1. About the change-across
  2. or the Use of the sending across
  3. Diverse are the gestures and uses of the change-across,
  4. which you will be able to use from all strikes against gladiators,
  5. who strike more strongly against swords,
  6. than [against] openings,
  7. therefore, you will additionally learn to use them prudently,
  8. lest the enemy should seek you with the point,
  9. while YOU use the change across.[^2]
  • [^1]: utor takes an ablative object, which appears as a direct object in English.
  • [^2]: lines 8&9 were switched for clarity and fluency in English.

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/93v#93v b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Transmutationem hac ratione exercebis.
  2. Cum ad hostem proceßeris,
  3. supernè contra ipsum porrectim ferias caput adpetendo,
  4. verum si is contrè feriat,
  5. ensem et non corpus appetens,
  6. tunc mucronem infernè transmittas,
  7. priusquàm ensem tuum adversarius contingat,
  8. versusque latus alterum pungas.
  9. at si id fieri observarit hostis,
  10. et removere impetum conabitur,
  11. rursum memineris ensem transmittere versus alterum latus,
  12. eum igitur habitum toties exercebis,
  13. quoties adversarius tuendo se[^1] ensis tuo obviarit utrinque.
  1. You will practice the change-across using this method.
  2. When you advance toward the opponent,
  3. you strike extended against his head attacking abovely,
  4. truly if HE strikes in opposition,
  5. attacking the sword and not the body,
  6. then send the point across below,
  7. before the adversary touches your sword,
  8. and you thrust against the other side.
  9. and if the enemy would have observed that this has taken place,
  10. and he will attempt to shift the forward attack,
  11. you will remember to send the sword across again in the direction of the other side,
  12. therefore employ this gesture
  13. as often as the adversary, protecting himself, opposes your sword on both sides.
  • this has several bits that aren't in the german
  • [^1]: tuendo is a form of tueri, meaning to protect.

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/93v#93v c Latin (Sandbox)

  1. ALIA EIUSDEM FORMA.
  2. QUUM ad adversarium processeris,
  3. sinistrum pedem praefigas,
  4. mucronemque longiorem contra faciem ipsius convertas,
  5. et si is supernè vel infernè feriundo ensem tuum adpetierit,
  6. atque excutere eum conetur,
  7. mucrone inclinato deorsum nec non versus alterum latus pungas,
  8. et hoc exerceas contra omnes ictus.
  1. Another form of the same.
  2. WHEN you proceed toward the adversary,
  3. you set the left foot in front,
  4. and you turn the longer point against his face,
  5. and if HE attacked striking your sword above or below,
  6. and tries to batter it [the sword] away,
  7. you thrust using the point inclined down and also turned in the direction of the other side,
  8. and practice this against all strikes.
  • Parallel construction, two angles of attack, present in German. The Latin translator doesn't seem to think that this is important, instead, if the opponent does anything, then respond like this.

d

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/93v#93v d Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Etiam id observes,
  2. cum adversarius impetum exceperit,
  3. vel ensem tuum in primo conflictu contigerit,
  4. et si sui ensis mucronem non versus corporis tui nuditatem converterit,
    [Latin 94r Page 33]
  5. Verum iuxta latus frustra porrexerit,
  6. tum animosè ensem transfigas[*^3]:
  7. Sin vero pro facie tua mucronem tenuerit,
  8. vel nuditates versus,
  9. tum transmittere nolito,
  10. verum remaneas in ense ipsius haerens,
  11. atque inde contra proximam nuditatem laborabis,
  12. et ea ratione cavebis,
  13. ne te hostis urgere possit instando[^4]:
  14. neque mucronem nuditatibus tuis adiungere poterit.
  1. Also observe this,
  2. when the adversary takes out the forward attack,
  3. or contacts your sword in the first clash,
  4. and if he turns the point of his sword so it isn't against an opening at your body,
  5. Truly, he extends in vain next to the side,
  6. then you courageously[*^2] thrust the sword through:
  7. But if you have kept your sword truly in front of your face,
  8. or the openings having been turned,
  9. then you do not want to send across,
  10. indeed you would remain adhering to the sword,
  11. and you would thence work against the closest opening,
  12. and you will avoid that action,
  13. the enemy cannot threaten you with pursuit:
  14. nor can he join the point to your openings.
  • [^2]: The German has 'kennlich [kenntlich]', which means in a known way, or obviously, openly, such that it can be recognized. This openess could be interpreted as boldness?
  • [^3]: The Latin translator has just established 'transmutatio' and 'transmitto' for 'durchwechseln', and now uses 'transfigo', which is used later in the wrestling section to thrust one's entire body [or just the head] through on one side of the opponent.
  • [^4]: This is one translation for the German 'nachreissen', to chase [after]. 'instando' appears three times with some form of 'urgere'. Some form of 'consequutor' is the other Latin translation for the term.

94 r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/94r#94r a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. RETRACTIO ENSIS
  2. HIC modus contra Athleticae magistros exercendus est,
  3. qui fortes in coruscatione collisioneque ensium addita simul defensione.
  4. Itemque adversus eos,
  5. qui ab ensium coniunctione non recedunt expectantes,
  6. num adversarij longius ictum regere velint,
  7. vel ensem removere,
  8. Si igitur eos magistros decipere cupias,
  9. retractione ensis hoc modo utȇris:
  10. ex latere dextro acriter versum adversarij caput ferias,
  11. et si is impetum eum removere conetur,
  12. ensem retrahas priusquam ipse eum contigerit,
  13. inde autem latus ipsius alterum pungito,
  14. atque hoc habitu in singulis contactibus[^1] utitor.
  1. drawing back of the sword
  2. This manner should be practiced against masters of Athletics,
  3. who, in the flash and clash of swords, have strongly increased a defense at the same time,
  4. And also against those,
  5. who do not withdraw from the conjunction of swords, awaiting
  6. whether the adversaries would want to direct a longer strike,
  7. or move the sword back [^2],
  8. If, therefore, you wish to deceive those masters,
  9. you use the sword in this manner by drawing back:
  10. you should strike from the right side fiercely against the head of the adversary,
  11. and if HE attempts to shift the forward attack,
  12. you draw the sword back before that one contacts it [the sword],
  13. thence moreover thrust at his other side,
  14. and use this gesture according to each contact at a time.
  • [^1]: this is plural, but all the english idioms that we think capture the meaning don't work in plural.
  • [^2]: 'removere' is usually shift, and is used to translate 'versetzen'. However, in this case, it translates 'abziehen', or to move back.

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/94r#94r b Latin

  1. ALIUS PRECEDENTIS HABITUS
  2. si ensem tuum adversarius contigerit.
  3. SI igitur hostis haereat in ensium collisione expectans,
  4. non removere ensem velis,
  5. retractionem ensis tu simulato,
  6. nihilominus tamen inhereas,
  7. Verum celerrimé ense retracto ad medium usque,
  8. subito iuxta gladium ipsius visum vel pectus pungito,
  9. Sin autem hostem non veré punxeris,
  10. tunc utitor duplationibus,
  11. vel quicquid tibi optimum factu visum fuerit exerceto.
  1. Another gesture from the preceding
  2. if the adversary has touched your sword.
  3. If, therefore, the adversary hesitates, looking in the collision of swords
  4. for you to not wish to draw your sword back,
  5. YOU shall simulate drawing the sword back,
  6. yet you should nevertheless adhere,
  7. Truly, the sword having been quickly drawn back all the way up to the middle,
  8. suddenly thrust at his face or chest near the sword,
  9. If, however, you have not truly thrust[^3] at the enemy,
  10. then use doublings,
  11. or employ whatever seemed best to you while doing it.
  • [^3]: If we assume that the author thought pungo was 3rd conjugation instead of 2nd, then it's subjunctive perfect. Otherwise, it's passive. Which makes no sense.
  • parallel construction, two targets, present in german

94 v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/94v#94v a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. TRANSCURSUS, ET LUCTAE[^1].
  2. IIS habitibus uti poteris contra gladiatores,
  3. qui timentes vulnera et plagas incurrere solent,
  4. Hoc autem modo eos exerceas.
  5. Cum adversarius impetum tuum removerit,
  6. atque sublatis brachijs incurrere studeat,
  7. Viribus suis superné te superare cupiens,
  8. vicissim et tu brachia attollas,
  9. manuque sinistra ensis nodum supra caput eleves,
  10. strictus ensis per dorsum propendeat,
  11. inde autem caput per ipsius brachia,
  12. versus latus transfigas,[3]>
  13. tum etiam dextrum pedem prosiliendo,
  14. dextro item ipsius postponas,[4]>
  15. at in ipso saltu[^3],[5]
  16. corpus hostis ex latere sinistro,
  17. dextro brachio circumdabis,
  18. eumque si dextrae coxae tuae inieceris,
  19. in caput adversarium praecipitato.
  1. Running through, and about wrestling.
  2. You can use these conditions against gladiators,
  3. who are accustomed to run in, fearing wounds and strikes,
  4. Moreover, practice them in this way.
  5. When the adversary shifts your attack,
  6. and, his arms having been lifted, desires to attack,
  7. having wished to conquer YOU with his strength from above,
  8. YOU raise the arms quickly,
  9. and you lift up with the left hand the node of the sword above the head,
  10. the sword, drawn tightly, is inclined through the back,
  11. thence moreover, you thrust the head through his arms,
  12. toward his side,
  13. then also the right foot having been advanced.
  14. you have placed behind his right,
  15. and having leapt into him,
  16. you encircle the body of the enemy,
  17. from the left side with the right arm,[6]
  18. and if you throw him using your right hip,
  19. cast down the adversary onto the head.
  • lines 1-2: the German basically has "use this against people who run in," no extra detail

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/94v#94v b Latin

  1. ALIUD LUCTAE GENUS.
  2. SI adversarius brachijs sublatis incurrerit,
  3. tuque illi vicissim,
  4. tum versum latus eius dextrum capite transcurras,[7]
  5. dextrum pedem anterius,[8]
  6. adversarij itidem dextro praeponas,[9]
  7. dextroque brachio sub brachio eius itidem dextro exerto,
  8. ilia hostis circumdabis,
  9. atque nonnihil te demittas,
  10. inde si eum in dextram coxam inieceris,
  11. retrorsum adversarium reijcito,
  12. atque his luctis utrinque exerceto.
  1. Another method of wrestling.
  2. If the adversary ran in with arms lifted,
  3. and YOU in turn do the same,
  4. then you should run through using the head in the direction of his right side,
  5. [subsumed into 6]
  6. you put/place the right foot foremost in front of the right [foot] of the adversary in the same way,
  7. and the right arm under his arm in the same way (the right having been stretched out),
  8. you will put [the arms] around the flanks[10] of the opponent,
  9. and sink yourself downward a certain amount,
  10. thence if you cast him upon the right hip,
  11. cast the adversary off backwards,
  12. and practice this wrestling on both sides.

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/94v#94v c Latin (Sandbox)

  1. ALIA ITEM FORMA.
  2. Quum is in latere dextro tuo incurrerit,
  3. sustuleritque brachia,
  4. te quoque ita composito,[11]
  5. ensem dextra contineas,
  6. brachiumque eius repellas,
  7. inde prosiliendo sinistrum pedem adversarij dextro pedi praeponas,
  8. sinistro autem brachia lumbos eius circumdato,
  9. inde si te paululum demiseris,
  10. et in coxam sinistram inieceris,
  11. hostem pronum prosternas.
  1. Another similar form.
  2. When HE would have run in toward your right side,
  3. and lifted his arms,
  4. YOU likewise having arranged yourself thusly,
  5. hold the sword with the right,
  6. and drive his arm away,
  7. thence leaping forward you put the left foot in front of the right foot of the adversary,
  8. also put the arms around his loins from the left,
  9. thence if you have sunk yourself a little,
  10. and you cast him upon the right hip,
  11. laying the opponent low on his face.

95 r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/95r#95r a Latin

  1. ALIA.
  2. ADVERSARIO incurrente levatis brachijs,
  3. et tu quoque eodem modo constiteris,
  4. dextra ensem manu teneas,
  5. si inde eius brachium removeris,
  6. sinistrum pedem,
  7. eius dextro postponas,[^1]
  8. sinistrumque brachium ante pectus ipsius exeras appraehendendo latus sinistrum,
  9. atque si in coxam sinistram posueris tuam,
  10. eum reijcias,
  11. eas igitur luctas duas utrinque exerceto.
  1. Another
  2. While the adversary is running in with raised arms,
  3. and YOU likewise would have stood in this way,
  4. hold the sword with the right hand,
  5. If thence he shifts his arm,
  6. place the left foot behind his right,
  7. (subsumed by 6)
  8. and you should stretch the left arm before his chest while seizing the left side,
  9. and if you place your left in his hip,
  10. you throw him back,
  11. therefore practice this wrestling on both sides.
  • [^1]: phrase about foot placement split by weird comma

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/95r#95r b Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Rursum si incurrat ense adversarius,
  2. brachio demißo ita ut nequeas transcurrere,
  3. hos subsequentes habitus usurpato.
  1. On the other hand, if the adversary runs in with a sword,
  2. While dropping the arms [^2], you are not able to run through,
  3. You should make use of the subsequent gesture.

[* ^2: the ablative absolute grammatically defines that it is not 'your' arms, but the opponent's.

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/95r#95r c Latin

  1. Si hostis incurrat ense sublato,
  2. verum manibus nonnihil demissis,
  3. sinistram ab ense si removeris,
  4. ea hostis dextram corripito interius inter manum ipsius utramque,
  5. inde in latus sinistrum convertas,
  6. atque dextra ensem continente caput ferias superné.
  7. Sed si nolueris ferire,
  8. tum dextrum pedem prosiliendo[^4],
  9. adversarij sinistro postponas,
  10. atque brachio dextro collum ipsius antrorsum,
  11. vel retrorsum si circundederis,
  12. per genu dextrum eum prosternas.
  1. If the enemy attacks with the sword lifted,
  2. in truth, with the hands somewhat lowered,
  3. if you shift the left [hand] from the sword,
  4. seize the right hand of the enemy on the inside between his other hand,[^3]
  5. thence turn back into his left side,
  6. and by holding the sword with the right hand strike the head abovely.
  7. But if you are not willing to strike,
  8. then while leaping forward with the right foot,
  9. place it behind the left of the adversary,
  10. and the right arm in front of his neck
  11. or in back of [his neck] if you have enveloped him,
  12. you strike him down by means of the right knee.
  • [^3]: this seems like it should be "both" instead of "other," but the latin is singular
  • [^4]: from 'prosilior', which is deponent, which makes the meaning active.


d

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/95r#95r d Latin

  1. ALIA
  2. QUUM incurrat adversarius ense,
  3. manus autem eius sint demißiores,[^5]
  4. remota manu sinistra ab ense tuo anterius,
  5. dextra nodum super dextram hostis manum exterius dirigas,
  6. atque supprimas:
  7. inde autem si cubitum ipsius dextrum sinistra manu corripueris sinistrumque pedem prosiliendo,
  8. hostis dextro praeposueris,[^6]
  9. per eundem supprimas adversarium.
  1. Another
  2. While the adversary runs in with a sword,
  3. but with his hands being lowered,
  4. shift your left hand from the sword as previously,
  5. you should direct the pommel using the right [hand] outwardly over the right hand of the opponent,
  6. and also press down:
  7. thence moreover if you seize his right elbow with the left hand and having leapt forward with the left foot,
  8. place [your left foot] in front of the enemy's right,
  9. you should press the adversary down using the same.
  • [^5]: question for later: does the ß only appear on pages that also have corrections (there are a few on the top half of this page and one or two on the lower half)
  • [^6]: 7-8: foot placement phrase with extra comma in middle


e

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/95r#95r e Latin

  1. ALIA
  2. INCURRENTE hoste, tu ensem abijcias,
  3. mutata dextra eius dextram[^10] eadem corripito externé,
  4. sinistra autem cubitum ipsius hostis[^8] dextrum adprehendas,
  5. inde si sinistrum pedem per sinistrum brachium tuum,
  6. ipsius brachio dextro anteposueris,
  7. necnon sustuleris,
  8. hostis interclusus est,
  9. atque disrumpere brachium poteris,
  10. vel pronum per pedem sinistrum deijcere.
  1. Another
  2. While the enemy runs in, YOU should cast the sword away,
  3. [your] right having been changed [inverted], seize his same right
  4. moreover you should seize his elbow of the opponent using the left,
  5.         thence, if, [something something] left foot by using your left arm,
  6.         you set his right arm in front,
  7.         and indeed you lift [his right arm],[^9]
  8. the enemy is blockaded,
  9. and you can shatter his upper arm,
  10. or you overthrow him facedown with your left foot.
  • [^8]: error? "his" and "of the opponent"
  • [^9]: 5-8: There is a clause missing in the original, and the Latin translator's rendering of what is left becomes close to nonsensical at this point.
  • [^10]: This macron is incredibly odd in appearance; however, this reading is supported in the Vienna.
  • parallel construction, alternate endings, present in german
  • no mention of hand or sword heights here (unlike many others nearby), sword is mentioned in the German.
  • There's a significant clause that was omitted from this copy of the German but is present in other texts (Hans von Speyer and Joachim Meyer, per Falko Fritz). The omission is also in the Augsburg MS, probably the copyist skipping words between to repetitions of the same word pair, though other errors suggest PHM was working from a copy of Augsburg. Complete German text follows:
    • Aber ein annder Ringenn,
    wenn er dir ein lauft im schwert so las dein schwert falln, vnnd verker dein Rechte handt, vnnd begreif damit sein Rechte auswendig, vnnd mit der linckenn fas in bey dem Rechten Elnbogẽ, vnnd spring mit dem linckenn fus fur seinenn Rechtenn, vnnd stos mit der Rechtenn hand seinen Rechtenn Arm vber deinen linckenn, vnd heb in damit vbersich, also ist er verrigelt, vnnd magst im also denn Arm prechenn, aber fur dich vber das lincke pain werffenn.
  • "When one runs at you with the sword, then let your sword drop and invert your right hand; use that to grasp his right from the outside, and grip his right elbow with your left. Leap with the left foot in front of his right ** and use your right hand to push his right arm ** over your left, and left up with that. Thus he is blocked, and you can break his arm or throw him over your left leg."
  • this is the only time anteposueris appears; usually it's prae
  • German mentions jumping or leaping; we would expect prosilias here, but it's absent.

95 v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/95v#95v a Latin

  1. HABITUS ABSCISIONIS.
  3. HIC habitus removet superintorsiones ensis tui,
  4. atque eum ita tractes necesse est.
  5. Si contra hostem Athleticam exerceas ex inferis ictibus,
  6. vel si te in custodiam composueris,
  7. quae nobis Populus dicitur,
  8. et is ensem suum tuo superimponat priusquam ensem attollas,
  9. ensis tuus inferné remaneat sub ipsius gladio,
  10. verum acie brevi firmiter si sustuleris,
  11. et si is suppreßerit,
  12. tum retrorsum atque furtim ab ipsius ense tuo remoto,
  13. celeriter iuxta ensem hostis superné faciem sauciato.

Notes on streichen: Grimm, vol 19, col. 1228 2 b) streichen als ausdruck der fortbewegung fast jeder tierart. auch hier oft für den raschen lauf der tiere, γ) fliegen; anfangs 'sich rasch fliegend fortbewegen': explosive movement of animals 2) b) auf etwas aus sein und verstohlen oder forschend umherstreifen c) sich fortbewegen, streifen, mit dem nebensinn des lautlosen und zuweilen geisterhaften Grimm vol. 19, col 1193 2) b) sich (heimlich) davonmachen, sich verziehen, auch ausreiszen d) vereinzelt zur bezeichnung nicht optisch wahrnehmbarer erscheinungen; für einen akustischen vorgang

Also, this has to be carried out stealthily in order for it to work.

  1. Gesture of slicing off
  2. This gesture shifts the wrapping from above of your sword,
  3. and it is necessary to handle it thusly.
  4. If you employ Athletics against the enemy using the strikes from below[^2],
  5. or if you arrange yourself in the guard,
  6. which is called Popular/Poplar by us,
  7. and HE places his sword over yours before you lift up the sword[^1],
  8. your sword remains in contact below under his sword,
  9. truly, if you will strongly raise using the short edge,
  10. and if HE presses down,
  11. then your sword having been shifted backwards and stealthily[^3] away from his,
  12. quickly wound the face abovely next to the opponent's sword.
  • [^1]: according to DMLBS, "gladius" has senses of "symbol of authority or rank" that are absent in "ensis," but we're not sure how to indicate two different terms for "sword" here.
  • [^2] the German specifies two possible cuts, low cut [underhauen] or battle cut [streithau] which might put you in this situation.
  • [^3] The Latin translator picks only this aspect of 'streichen' as specifically applicable here.

should we have abscisio and incisio match better in english?

  • DMLBS supports it
  • abscisio/abscissio seems not to be a very common word. It can also mean "interruption," but reading the roots literally seemed better here.
  • both have a sort of awkward too-technical sense about them
  • abschneiden is not like that in German; further, there's no "inschneiden"-- "incisio" is the pair for "schnitt"

what's the difference between all these sword actions anyway?

  • schnitt/slice/incisio -> draw cut, like cutting a tomato?
  • hauw/blow/ictus/ferire ->

"furtim" is unique to the Latin-- German has nothing about "like a thief" or "stealthily" or "without detection." Did the Latin writer think that "move your sword like a stealthy thief" was a clear description without context? or that it clarified the German usefully?

  • is the movement "stealthy" because you need to escape contact with the opponent's sword without them realizing and reacting to it?
    • aha: to do this without being noticed, you have to do it explosively like a startled bird (which is a sense of streychen in Grimm-- what the word means when applied to animals), more than subtly like a silent thief.
    • it can also mean "animals moving unseen" as in "at night while people are sleeping"
  • so the German does have a sense of "unseen" and potentially "infiltrating" and simultaneously a sense of "sudden, startling" that Latin isn't able to capture in a single term
  • does it mean something that the Latin writer chose to only capture one sense from the German?

The Latin writer also skips Streithau, which doesn't appear anywhere else in Lew.

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/95v#95v b Latin

  1. ALIA EFFIGIES
  2. QUUM versus hostem in congreßu inferis ictibus uteris,
  3. vel in custodia Populi consistas,
  4. et is ensem tuum feriat prope capulum ita,
  5. ut mucro eius vergat in latus dextrum,
  6. tum celeriter nodo sublato super ipsius gladium,
  7. acie longa premißa caput hostis vulneres,
  8. vel si is ensem tuum ex latere sinistro feriat,
  9. sublato rursus nodo supra ensem adversarij celerrimé,[^5]
  10. acie brevi caput eius concutito[^2].
  1. ANOTHER FORM
  2. Which you will use together with the strike from below toward the enemy in the approach,
  3. or while you stand in the guard Popular/Poplar,
  4. and HE strikes your sword thus near the hilt,
  5. in order to incline the point into the right side,
  6. then quickly lift the pommel over his sword[^3],
  7. you injure the head of the opponent (the long edge having been sent forward).
  8. or if he strikes your sword from the left side,
  9. The pommel having been lifted more quickly, as before, above the sword of the enemy,[^4]
  10. you will batter his head violently using the short edge.
  • [^2]: Update: DMLBS relates concutere to conquatere to (con)quassare-- the con seems to intensify it. Based on that, we've used "batter" here.
    • to hit two things together, to strike one thing upon another. to shake violently, to harass, agitate, threaten. This is schnappen or schnellen in german. interestingly, schnappen (without other modifications, eg snap shut) must begin with a movement backwards, like what you do before head-bashing something; it can also be a repeated back-and-forth or open-shut. Schnellen usually means darting forward; it also means "set something into [rocking or vibrating] motion with a powerful shove" and "deceive". The Latin does not include any terms to indicate the German technical terms, nor is there any reference to the speed implied in snapping or darting strikes.
  • [^3]: gladius again. This might be to emphasize the difference with line 9.
  • Note that Latin has "congressu" here even though the German doesn't have zufechten
  • [^4]: the german uses the same phrase for both mentions of the pommel (i think)-- the latin uses it very differently the second time
  • [^5]: Note that lines 6 and 9 are identical in the German, but very different in the Latin. This represents the rhetorics of variety that is important to the Latin translator.

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/95v#95v c Latin

  1. DE QUATUOR INCISIONIBUS
  2. DUAE sunt supernae,
  3. quae usurpantur contra Athletas,
  4. qui digladiantur ex praemunitionibus,
  5. vel collisionibus ensium,
  6. solentque ferire contra latus alterum,
  7. quod incisione hoc modo prohibere poteris.
  8. Si adversarius exceptione,
  9. vel aliâs ensis coniunctione ex latere sinistro,
  10. atque subitò transversario vel alio ictu dextrum latus ferire conetur,
  11. tum ictum vitabundus sinistro pede in latus adversarij dextrum prosilias,
  12. et aciem ensis longam,
  13. brachijs adversarij utrisque superimponas,
  14. incîdendoque reprimas,
  15. et eo habitu utrinque utêris,
  16. quoties ex praemunitione[^6] alterum latus appetierit.
  1. Regarding the four slices
  2. Two are above,
  3. which are used against Athletes,
  4. who flourish the sword from defensive positions,
  5. or from collisions of the swords,
  6. and they are in the habit of striking against the other side,
  7. you will be able to prevent that in this way using the slice.
  8. If the adversary were to attempt with an interception,
  9. or another contacting of the swords from the left side,
  10. and if he were to attempt to strike the right side using a sudden transverse or other strike,
  11. then you, taking evasive action with respect to the strike, would jump with the left foot into the right side of the adversary,
  12. and you place the long edge of the sword on top
  13. above both arms of the adversary,
  14. and you would press back using a slice,
  15. and you use this gesture from both sides,
  16. as often as he assails the other side from the defensive position.
  • 12-13: weird phrase split
  • parallel construction, two ways the opponent attacks you, present in german
  • The shift in teaching style starts here-- the change to numbers of variations of things, and exercises with lots of variations
  • [^5]: repeated from line 10 to make the grammar work in english
  • The latin renderings for versatzung and versetzen are not very consistent: 2 remota, 3 exceperit, 1 excipient, removeo, retractio, defenderit ... excipiendo, retractio, repellitur, impetus retardantur,
    • it seems like the german is treating this concept with a single term, consistently, while the Latin has this whole cluster of words that don't align to a single meaning (remove, take out, repel are the most common, but they're pretty distinct from each other). there's no obvious pattern (eg one term for if you're doing it, one for he)
      • final count:
      • 12 excipi*
      • 7 remo*
      • 5 repel*
      • 1 defenderit ictus excipiendo
      • 2 retractio (from the TOC but nowhere else)
  • [^6]: This is 'praemutatione' in the text; however, 'ex praemunitione' is used for every other translation of 'aus der Versatzung', which is 'from the defensive position'.

d

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/95v#95v d Latin

  1. Inferiores duae incisiones exerceantur contra gladiatores sublatis brachijs incurrentes :
  2. ijs igitur hac ratione utitor,
  3. quoties adversarius ensem tuum ex primo congressu feriat,
  4. brachique sustulerit,
  5. atque sinistro latere incurrat,
  6. ensem tuum commutabis ita,
  7. ut pollex substet,[^6]
  8. acies longa itidem capulo ensis hostilis[^7] substet,
  9. pertingat autem brachium ipsius,
  10. ex ea forma incîdendo sursum tendas,
  11. vel si incurrat,
  12. brachijs levatis versus latus dextrum tuum,
  13. rursum ita ensem mutato ut pollex substet,[^8]
  14. acies brevis itidem capulo adversarij substituatur,
  15. brachium contingens, atque sursum si tollas,
  16. rite usus fueris ijs habitibus.
  1. The two lower slices are practiced against gladiators running in arms lifted:
  2. during this therefore use this method,
  3. as often as the adversary strikes your sword out of the first approach,
  4. and he has lifted the arm,
  5. and he runs in to the left side,
  6. you will change your sword so,
  7. that the thumb stands below,
  8. the long edge in the same way stands below the hilt of the sword of the enemy,
  9. it would reach as far as his other arm,
  10. out of this form you should stretch toward (him) using a high slice,
  11. or if he runs in,
  12. the arms having been raised up against your right side,
  13. shift the sword backward so that the thumb stands below,
  14. the short edge is in the same way placed below with respect to the hilt of the adversary,
  15. touching the arm, and if you lift up,
  16. duly use this condition.
  • [^6]: 6-7: weird extra commas
  • [^7]: hostilis instead of hostis-- enemy instead of opponent
  • [^8]: previously, we rendered this as "the thumb causes [it] to stop"

96 r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/96r#96r a Latin

  1. RATIO, UNDE SUPERN[A?]E incisiones ex infernis mutari et formari possint
  2. ID hoc modo percipias,
  3. Si adversarius versus sinistrum latus incurrat levatis brachijs,
  4. tum aciem ensis tui longam sub capulo constitutam in brachium hostis convertas,
  5. atque acriter sursum tendas,
  6. inde progressus in latus ipsius dextrum,
  7. nodo interim inferne converso non removeas ensem à brachijs adversarij,
  8. deinde converso ense ex incisione inferiori in supernam super brachium ipsius acie longa permißa,
  9. et iusté hoc habitu usus fueris.
  1. A method, from which high cutting-ins from out of below are changed and may be shaped
  2. learn it thoroughly in this way,
  3. If the adversary runs in against the left side with raised arms,
  4. then turn the long edge of your sword under the hilt arranged in the arm of the opponent,
  5. and fiercely stretch upward,
  6. thence advancing toward his right side,
  7. meanwhile the pommel having been turned below you should not shift the sword away from the arms of the adversary,
  8. then the sword having been turned back out of the lower cutting into the upper [cutting], the long edge having been let through over his arm,
  9. and rightly you have used this gesture.

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/96r#96r b Latin

  1. Sin autem incurrat hostis versus dextrum latus sublatis itidem brachijs,
  2. tum ensem sub capulum eius substituas acie longa in brachium conversa,
  3. et firmiter tollas,
  4. inde si in sinistrum latus adversarij proceßeris,
  5. nodo inferné transacto,
  6. post convertas aciem longam super brachio hostis ex acie longa in formam incisionis,
  7. atque inde repellas.
  1. But if, however, the enemy attacks/runs in towards the right side having lifted his arm in this way,
  2. then you place the sword under below his sword hilt, the long of the sword having been turned back into the arm,
  3. and lift firmly,
  4. thence if you proceed toward the left side of the adversary,
  5. the pommel having been transferred below,
  6. after you turn back the long edge above the arm of the enemy from/out of the long edge into the form of the slice,
  7. and thence you drive back.
  • in line 2, German has short edge but Latin has long edge. The action might more or less work the same with either?

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/96r#96r c Latin

  1. DE DUABUS INCLINATIONIBUS vel superiniectionibus[^1] ensis.
  2. ISTAE inclinationes nihil aliud sunt,
  3. quam habitus Aratri utrinque in ijs etiam observare licet et neceße est,
  4. num adversarius fortiter vel minus ensem teneat,
  5. ictibus atque punctionibus,
  6. tum etiam in prima ensium coruscatione.
  7. Insuper et hoc,
  8. Scito quatuor inde intorsiones esse exercendas[^2],
  9. et ex earum qualibet ictum singularem, punctionem, atque incisionem ex superno omnes formabis.
  1. REGARDING THE TWO ANGLES of casting the sword over
  2. THESE angles are nothing other,
  3. than the postures of the Plow from both sides in which [postures] it is essential and also permitted to observe,
  4. whether the adversary holds the sword strongly or not enough,
  5. during the blows and thrusts,
  6. then also during the first flashing of the sword.
  7. And in addition to this,
  8. KNOW the four wrappings that are to be practiced,
  9. and out of these you can form any single strike, thrust, and cutting-in from above.
  • [^1]: superinjicio: to throw/hurl upward or apply upward
  • [^2]: passive periphrastic?! http://dcc.dickinson.edu/grammar/latin/forms-participle
  • Maybe superiniectio here is an attempt to clear up the "Pflug, hanging [away] from the ground" thing?
  • this ends with a list of the drey wonder
  • German mentions Fühlen but Latin doesn't; Latin also reverses the order of the list here.
  • the flashing of the swords probably refers to "bannd des schwerts" in German-- binding of the swords

96 v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/96v#96v a Latin

  1. DE FENESTRA PATULA
  2. SUPRA commemoratum est,
  3. qua ratione in quatuor praedictas custodias ense regendo Athleticé te componere necesse sit.
  4. Nunc igitur intelligas eum habitum,
  5. quo de agimus,
  6. esse custodiam,
  7. qua tutißime consistere poteris,
  8. custodia autem ipsus mucro est,
  9. de acie longa,
  10. hic enim optima ensis pars est,
  11. et nobilissima :
  12. si qui igitur ex eo Athleticam rite exerceant,
  13. eò[^1] compellunt adversarios,
  14. ut etiam inuîti[^2] vulnerentur.
  1. REGARDING THE WIDE-OPEN WINDOW
  2. It was called to mind[^3] above,
  3. a method by which it is essential to compose yourself athletically, the sword having been directed in the four aforesaid guards.
  4. Now therefore you would understand that posture,
  5. from which we start/originate,
  6. to be the guard,
  7. in which you can most safely stand,
  8. moreover the guard itself is the point[^4],
  9. of the long edge,
  10. here namely is the best part of the sword,
  11. and the noblest:
  12. if any therefore practice properly out of the same Athletics[^5],
  13. consequently they round up the adversaries,
  14. in order that the reluctant will be wounded.
  • [^1]: one of those times the adverb accent helped!
  • [^2]: most of the Us on this page don't have the U mark seen here. did they realize these minims were hard to read, and actually help?! it looks like a circumflex was added later (slightly different ink). That said, the very next word starts "vu" with no differentiating.
  • [^3]: we haven't been perfectly consistent about commemoratus, which we maybe should go back and fix. "called to mind" and "kept in mind" were most common.
  • [^4]: DMLBS gives no indication that "point" has an "essential part, whole reason" meaning
  • [^5]: = sport, not players
  • Architectural senses of ‘sprachfenster’ are about a restricted opportunity for communication through a substantial, separating wall. Note the distinction in vowels
  • "Patula" is "wide-open" in the sense of spreading, maybe like flung-open shutters. DMLBS offers more senses about openness, expansiveness, and clarity. https://logeion.uchicago.edu/patulus
  • Rebecca has written to a friend nun expert to see if we can chase down the Latin term for an anchoress's window.
    • Result: no, they called it window/fenestra.
  • Grimm differentiates [sprachfenster](http://woerterbuchnetz.de/cgi-bin/WBNetz/displayLinkInfo.tcl?sigle=DWB&formid=GS36375) (eg for nuns/cloisters, fenestra locutoria; no alternate senses) and [sprechfenster](http://woerterbuchnetz.de/cgi-bin/WBNetz/displayLinkInfo.tcl?sigle=DWB&formid=GS36787) (no latin; sprekevenster as low german variant of sprachfenster, the thing in a monastery) or also sword fighting (modus quis pugnandi gladio).
    • Grimm's source is [Scherz-Oberlin (1781)](https://archive.org/details/johannisgeorgiis00sche/page/n797/mode/2up) which quotes a long passage from a lost Falckner MS
    • this dichotomy suggests a possible alternate german root meaning something like "wide": sprei/spreiden = spray, spread, scatter
    • sprehe = starling
    • "sprech" is about speech
    • spreihen/spreiz is as close as I can get
    • ‘sprech’ can come from sprejen, spraen,
    • Lexer: spreihen to spray, spritz, scatter. the point from which all of this happens. The point of origin that leads to widespread scattering.
  • Grimm distinguishes between Sprachfenster and Sprechfenster. The former is only used in monastic situations. The latter is both potentially middle dutch (with one citation), or the fencing term.
  • could the sprechfenster be the window through which things are spread/cast/sprayed?
  • in this illustration, if the arms are tucked in, you could wind up for a lot of spraying the sword at your opponent's head
  • Latin indes as the alien chest-burster
  • Fiore's fenestra (is basically Liechtenauer's Ox): https://wiktenauer.com/images/1/18/Pisani-Dossi_MS_18a-c.png
  • Sprechfenster is a variant on longpoint; Joachim Meyer later adds gerade versatzung and eisenport


b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/96v#96v b Latin

  1. Fenestram autem patulam hoc modo formabis.
  2. Si in conspectum adversarij ense rite[^6] gubernando processeris,
  3. exercens ictum quemcunque,
  4. sive supero sive infero,
  5. tum subinde mucronem longum brachijs porrectis pariter ex ictu,
  6. inijcias contra hostis faciem vel pectus,
  7. atque ea conditione eum urgebis ad se defendendum,
  8. vel ut ensem tuum in primo congreßu feriat,
  9. id igitur si fecerit,
  10. acies ensis tui longa acriter eius ense inhaereat ;
  11. atque interim animo forti et indefesso diligenter perspicias,
  12. quos habitus adversarius exercere velit,
  13. si ab ense tuo receßerit hostis,
  14. tu mucrone subsequutus,
  15. visum vel pectus eius adpetito.
  16. Sin vero ex primi congreßus coruscatione alterum latus tuum ferire conetur,
  17. rursus firmiter brachia adversarij proscindas,
  18. atque contra eius caput naviter laborato.
  19. Verum si adversarius neque ab ense tuo recedere,
  20. neque latus alterum ferire voluerit,
  21. tum utitor duplationibus vel alijs quibusuis habitibus iuxta quod sentias eum fortiter vel infirmiter tenere ensem.
  1. On the other hand, you will form the wide open window in this way.
  2. If, in view of the adversary, you moved forward, the sword being properly directed,
  3. employing whatever stroke,
  4. whether from above or from below,
  5. then immediately after the long point, the lower arm having been extended equally from the strike,
  6. you strike against the face or the chest of the enemy,
  7. and, in this deep thrust, you press him hard in the attack up to having defended himself,
  8. or he will strike your sword in the first approach,
  9. therefore, if he would do this,
  10. the long edge of your sword would stick fiercely to his sword ;[^7]
  11. and in the meantime, you would diligently observe with the strong and unwearied mind,
  12. what gesture the adversary wants to practice,
  13. if the enemy withdraws from your sword,
  14. with your sword following,
  15. seek his face or chest.
  16. But if in truth he attempts to strike your other side from the first flashing approach,
  17. you would strongly cut the arm of the adversary in turn,
  18. and work diligently against his head.
  19. Truly if the adversary neither withdraws from your sword,
  20. nor does he want to strike the other side,
  21. then use doubling or another from whatever gesture close to[^8] that which you perceive/feel him to hold his sword strongly or weakly.
  • [^6]: duly, solemnly, according to religious usage...
  • several parallel constructions, looks like mostly pairs of targets plus two possible finishing moves and "weakly or strongly."
  • [^7]: the german has "remain strongly in the bind"
  • [^8]: the german has "according to" which fits better here. dictionaries don't really support that reading of iuxta-- closest is in consequence of, in proportion to. However, Hagedorn also struggled with making this part Englishy. juxta also has a meaning of "on par with, equal to, like"
  • [^9] the preceding movement ‘any strike’

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/96v#96v c Latin

  1. Mucro longus longé omnium optimus habitus est,
  2. nanque eo ipso eô adversarius compellitur,
  3. si instes[^9],
  4. ut nec ullos habitus exercere queat,
  5. quocirca in omnibus ictibus eum exerceas contra ipsius faciem vel pectus,
  6. atque inde porrò[^10] varios habitus formes.
  1. the longest long point of all is the best posture,
  2. and in fact the adversary is driven in that direction using the same,
  3. if you threaten,
  4. in order that he were not even able to employ any gestures,
  5. on account of which you should employ it in (regard to) all strikes against his face or chest,
  6. and thence you would form various further/extended postures.
  • [^9]: "press hard" has more of the sense of weight and trampling that Whitaker suggests, but we already used it for urgeo, so I used "threaten" here.
  • [^10]: i think this is a pun on physical distance versus continuation in time (further/furthermore) using similarity to porrectis (with arms extended)
  • two different targets, parallel in the German

d

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/96v#96v d Latin

  1. Etiam isthuc Fenestra patula adpellatur :
  2. Cum ferme in conspectum adversarij fueris progressus,
  3. sinistrum pedem praeponas,
  4. atque mucronem longum brachijs porrectis contra adversarij faciem vel pectus protendas,
  5. priusquam eius ensem contigeris,
  6. eaque ratione consistas quid ferire,
  7. vel quos habitus contra te sit usurpaturus prospectans.
  8. Cum superné feriat,
  9. tum sublato ense,
  10. eum contra ictum ipsius convertas in Bovis habitum,
  11. et inde visum pungas.
  12. Sin autem ensem tantum ferire studeat corpore neglecto,
  13. audacter transmutato et alterum latus pungito,
  14. Sin autem incurrat elevatis brachijs,
  15. infernam incisionem usurpato,
  16. at si ea demiserit,
  17. luctari poteris,
  18. ea itaque ratione quoscunque habitus per brachia usurpare licebit,
  19. qui tibi optimi videbuntur.
  1. And also the wide-open window is addressed on this point:
  2. When you would be approaching nearly in view of the adversary,
  3. place the left foot in front,
  4. and stretch the long point against the face or chest of the adversary, the arms having been extended,
  5. until you contact his sword,
  6. and you stand to strike anyone using that method,
  7. or look forward at which gesture would have been made use of against you.
  8. When he strikes above,
  9. then the sword having been lifted,
  10. you should turn against his thrust in(to) the Ox posture,
  11. and thence thrust at the face.
  12. But if, however, he desires to strike only to the sword, the body having been disregarded,
  13. bravely change-about and thrust at the other side,
  14. but if, however, he runs in (the arms having been raised),
  15. use a low cutting-in,
  16. and if he sends that away,
  17. you can wrestle,
  18. therefore by this method, the gesture permits overthrowing anyone by the arms,
  19. which would seem best to you.
  • two targets, parallel in the German

97r

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/97r#97r a Latin

  1. DE INTORSIONIBUS ENSIS
  2. In ijs habitibus singulis sis exercitatus,
  3. eos celeriter ut poßis exercere,
  4. atque adversarij impetum omnem,
  5. quo contra te utatur,
  6. removere prudenter quidas[^1].
  7. etiam noris[^2] inclinationum genera quatuor esse,
  8. supernas duas,
  9. atque duas itidem infernas.
  10. Supernae quidem Bos dicuntur,
  11. infernà autem Aratrum utrinque.
  12. Verum ex quatuor praedictis inclinationibus octo intorsiones formantur,
  13. idque diligenter observes,
  14. ut ex qualibet intorsione singulariter unum ictum,
  15. punctionem,
  16. atque incisionem producas.
  1. On wrappings with the sword
  2. You need to have been practiced in those individual conditions,
  3. In order that you can practice them quickly,
  4. and for every attack of the adversary,
  5. which is used against you,
  6. you could wisely move back.
  7. Also if you recall there to be four origins of the angles,
  8. two above,
  9. and also two likewise below.
  10. The above ones are indeed called Ox,
  11. While belowly Plow on both sides.
  12. Truly out of the four aforesaid angles eight wrappings are formed,
  13. and you should observe them diligently,
  14. in order that from any wrapping you bring out in particular one strike,
  15. thrust,
  16. and slice.
  • [^1]: the only q~as in cappelli is quas, but it looks different. the qs that might be similar to this q aren't things you can easily add "as" to. Going from the Cappelli introduction 4.34 (bent really far), our q~ would be quid, to make quidas [quitas], the imperfect of queo, to be able to.
  • [^2]: collapsed (syncopated) form of noveris, from nosco noscere
  • This section has a different writing style and teaching style-- could some of the words be used differently too? removere was used transitively in most of the text, but not here, so "withdraw" or "move back" might work better than "shift"

b

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/97r#97r b Latin

  1. Iam vero percipies,
  2. quo pacto[^3] ex quatuor inclinationibus octo intorsiones[^4] formare possis,
  3. Prima duas habet intorsiones,
  4. eas igitur hac subsequenti ratione exerceas,
  5. Cum ense tuo Athleticae[^5] regendo ad hostem conceßeris,
  6. de latere dextro consistas in Bovis habitu,
  7. et si is superné versus latus tuum sinistrum feriat,
  8. tum ob[ ]viam ictui eius,
  9. ensem torqueas,
  10. ita ut aciem brevem tui ensis,
  11. eius gladio applices in habitu Bovis,
  12. atque inde visum pungere non dubites,
  13. et is[^6] habitus dicitur intorsio.
  14. Sin autem adversarius eum impetum removere conetur de latere sinistro,
  15. ensis tuus ensi eius adiunctus remaneat[^7],
  16. atque rursum ensem inde torqueas in latus tuum dextrum in habitum Bovis,
  17. ut acies longa,
  18. ipsius ensem contingat,
  19. rursumque superné faciem hostis fodito,
  20. et is habitus dicitur inclinatio ex latere dextro adhibitis duabus intorsionibus in hostis ense.
  1. Now truly perceive,
  2. in which manner you can form eight wrappings out of the four angles,
  3. The first [angle] has two wrappings,
  4. you should therefore practice these using this following method,
  5. When you go together with the enemy, your sword being directed for Athletics,
  6. you should stand in the posture of Ox from the right side,
  7. and if HE strikes abovely against your left side,
  8. then in the path[^8] of his blow,
  9. you should twist the sword,
  10. so that you apply the short edge of your sword,
  11. to his blade in the posture of Ox,
  12. and thence don't hesitate to thrust at him in the face,
  13. and THIS gesture is called wrapping.
  14. But if, however, the adversary tries to shift that forward attack from[^9] the left side,
  15. your sword should remain bound to his sword,
  16. and you should thence twist the sword backwards on your right side in the posture of Ox,
  17. such that the long edge,
  18. touches his sword,
  19. and dig above and backwards at the face of the opponent,
  20. and IT is a posture called Angle from the right side[,] the two wrappings having been employed[^11] on the sword of the opponent.
  • [^4]: whitaker won't tell me what case this is (so i might have the relationship between wrappings and angles wrong)
  • [^6]: not sure what this refers to.
  • [^7]: We should probably do a consistency review on remaneat; adiunctus remaneat only appears one other place, but there are several instances of just remaneo that we did differently every time.
  • [^9]: I don't think "de" contains any secret clarity about whose left it is; "from" seems better than "of" to me.
  • [^11]: consistency review: this has appeared a few times and we've flipped between employed and applied. Also, check DMLBS-- whitaker shows the first few senses are about summoning, inviting and that might be interesting to preserve

pacto

  • [^3]: this is dat/abl; my translation might use it wrong.
    • here's what whitaker says it means:
pact.o VPAR 3 1 DAT S M PERF PPL  
pact.o VPAR 3 1 DAT S N PERF PPL  
pact.o VPAR 3 1 ABL S M PERF PPL  
pact.o VPAR 3 1 ABL S N PERF PPL  
paciscor, pacisci, pactus sum V DEP  
pacisco, paciscere, -, pactus V  
make a bargain or agreement; agree, enter into a marriage contract; negotiate;  

pact.o N 2 2 DAT S N  
pact.o N 2 2 ABL S N  
pactum, pacti N N  
bargain, agreement; manner;  

pact.o ADJ 1 1 DAT S M POS  
pact.o ADJ 1 1 DAT S N POS  
pact.o ADJ 1 1 ABL S M POS  
pact.o ADJ 1 1 ABL S N POS  
pactus, pacta, pactum ADJ   
agreed upon, appointed;  

pact.o VPAR 3 1 DAT S M PERF PASSIVE PPL  
pact.o VPAR 3 1 DAT S N PERF PASSIVE PPL  
pact.o VPAR 3 1 ABL S M PERF PASSIVE PPL  
pact.o VPAR 3 1 ABL S N PERF PASSIVE PPL  
pango, pangere, pegi, pactus V TRANS   
pango, pangere, pepigi, pactus V TRANS  
compose; insert, drive in, fasten; plant; fix, settle, agree upon, stipulate;


Athleticae

  • [^5]: RG: wtf is this doing here?
  • dative of advantage or dative or purpose and result.
  • conclusion: whatever dative construction is going on, it probably uses "for."
  • maybe for the sake of?

in the way of

  • [^8]: ie obstructing? (obviam)
  • http://logeion.uchicago.edu/obviam dmlbs offers "so as to meet" and "oppose with hostile intent" (plus other subsequent senses)
  • the other useful thing from logeion: obviam is sometimes a contraction of ob+viam

c

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/97r#97r c Latin

  1. Secundam ensis superiniectionem[^12] hac ratione exerceto additis duabus alijs.
  2. Si in conspectum adversarij fueris progressus,
  3. de latere sinistro in Bovis habitu consistas :
  4. et si hostis superne contra latus dextrum tuum feriat,
  5. tum aciem ensis tui longam,
  6. ipsius ensi adplices,
  7. atque superne visum ipsius pungas,
  8. et is habitus intorsio est,
  9. sin autem punctionem eam repellat versum latus suum dextrum,
  10. remaneas ab ipsius ense haerens,
  11. inde autem subito rursus in latus sinistrum ensem torqueas in habitum Bovis,
  12. ita ut brevis acies adversarij ensi adplicetur,
  13. atque ex hac forma superné visum hostis pungas,
  14. idque est secunda superiniectio de latero sinistro adhibitis rursum duabus in ense hostis intorsionibus.
  1. Practice the second method to cast the sword over, two others having been added.
  2. If you stepped forward into view of the adversary,
  3. you stand in the Ox from the left side:
  4. and if the opponent strikes above against your right side,
  5. then you apply[^13] the long edge of your sword,
  6. to his sword,
  7. and thrust above at his face,
  8. and THIS gesture is the wrapping,
  9. but if, however, he drives that thrust back toward his right side,
  10. you stay by adhering to his sword,
  11. thence also you twist the sword back on the left side into the posture of the Ox,
  12. so that the short edge is applied to the sword of the adversary,
  13. and out of that form you thrust at the face of the enemy abovely,
  14. and THAT is the second method to cast over from the left side, the two wrappings having been used in turn on the sword of the enemy.
  • [^12]: superiniectionem: Could these two words have been used so often in conjunction that they became a compound? this rendering is from the sense of "throw up and over, like throwing ballast overboard"

Whittaker offers throw/hurl for inicio and apply for iniecio. So, throw upward if speed is required here and apply upward if precision/finesse is preferred. This is used by the author as a synonym for 'inclinatio', so we are using angle for this term.

  • [^13]: the verb is moved from the following line to make sense in the English.
  • consistency check: should rursum be "in turn" (or "back at him" et c)? Go back and look at all of those "back backwards" we've done. DMLBS appears to support a strong sense of "Back the way you came, back again, once again"
  • Also, note that earlier in the text superiniectio is the title used for uberlaufen, but here it seems to be used to name a wrapping action. If überlaufen is simply to attack from above, as the dictionary seems to suggest, then this is a cast/throw of the sword on top of the opponent's sword to strike the head.

d

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/97r#97r d Latin

  1. Observandum tibi insuper erit,
  2. ex duabus infernis proclinationibus itidem quatuor intorsiones exercendas eße,
  3. quod est Aratrum utrinque,
  4. ut super memoratum est,
  5. adhibitis earum habitibus singulis ex superno ictu formatis.
  6. Quoties igitur cunque intorsionum generibus voles uti,
  7. semper ictus, punctionis, atque incisionis memor esto,
  8. quos habitus usurpare ut supra dictum est, oportet[^14].
  1. It will have been observed to you above,
  2. four wrappings are likewise to be employed from the two lower forward angles,
  3. because the Plow is on both sides,
  4. in order that it is remembered on top of that,
  5. [that] every gesture of these [feminine - wrappings or forward angles] having been employed are formed from the strike from above.[^15]
  6. therefore, as often as is proper, whenever you want to make use of the class of wrappings,
  7. always be mindful of the strike, thrust, and cut,
  8. in order to make use those gestures as was said above.
  • [^14]: read with 6 as the outside of the nested clauses
  • [^15]: all of these positions, both Oxen and Plows, are arrived at from an initial strike from above, and from these positions, you can angle and wrap [with abandon]
  • interesting, re parallel constructions: the windings/twirlings section doesn't have any "vel" constructions, even though what's being described is a system with lots of parallels. (do this on both sides, above and below, you can do four twirlings from two lower leanings...)
  • Also interesting: the German for this is the "winding math" passage; the Latin translator has un-mathified it

97v

a

User:Kendra_Brown/Latin_Lew/97v#97v a Latin (Sandbox)

  1. Igitur ex octo intorsionibus proveniunt viginti quattuor habitus tot enim octo ex sese pariunt.
  2. Qua autem ratione iis sit utendum,
  3. et contra quos habitus,[^2]
  4. nec non quomodo formentur aut quando sit usurpandum,
  5. partim in superioribus,
  6. partim vero ex subsequentibus cognosci potest.
  1. Therefore from eight windings you can find twenty-four gestures, namely as many as the eight produce from themselves.
  2. Moreover, one would use these (24) for whichever method,
  3. and against those gestures,
  4. and also, how it is formed or when it is to be used,
  5. you can find some in the preceding,
  6. some in the following.[^3]
  1. ↑ repellat is the equivalent of 'versetzt er'
  2. ↑ This is implied by line 11
  3. ↑ [1](rendering based on Logeion definition), supported by DMLBS and Lewis and Short-- L&S say it's from a Greek word for writhing
  4. ↑ 11-12, 13-14: phrases split by [an unnecessary] comma, potentially to avoid long lines?
  5. ↑ leap, jump, move suddenly/spasmodically, jerk, spurt...
  6. ↑ 16-17 order reversed for englishification
  7. ↑ There are a series of repeated verb stems in the Latin that are almost impossible to repeat in an English translation: incurrerit+transcurras = run in+run through; inieceris+reijcito = throw inward+throw backwards
  8. ↑ phrase about foot placement split by extra comma
  9. ↑ There are a series of directional doublings in this text (anterius+praeponas; in+inieceris; retorsum+reijcito).
  10. ↑ The abdomen below the ribs. He uses a different word for "loins" below, so this one couldn't be loins.
  11. ↑ The German, "und thu auch" can be read as "and you also" or as "and [you] do the same". The Latin translator has incorporated both options into his translation.
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