Difference between revisions of "Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)"

Glasgow Fechtbuch
	MS E.1939.65.341, Kelvingrove Museum; Glasgow, United Kingdom
	; A Counter to the Upper Zwerch, fol. 1r
Type	Fencing manual ; Wrestling manual ;
Date	1508
Language(s)	Early New High German
Author(s)	Sigmund Ain ringeck ; Andres Juden ; Hans Döbringer Martin Huntsfeld ; Johannes Liechtenauer ; Andre Lignitzer ; Jobs von der Nissen ; Ott Jud ; Nicklass Preußen ; Martin Syber ;
Material	Paper
Size	107 folia (206 mm x 155 mm)
Format	Double-sided; in some sections, one ; illustration per side with text above
External data	Museum catalog entry
Treatise scans	Digital scans (1000x1400)
Other translations	Deutsch-Übersetzung

Latest revision as of 19:30, 26 August 2024

The MS E.1939.65.341 (often called the Glasgow Fechtbuch) is a German fencing manual created in 1508.^[1] The original currently rests in the R. L. Scott Collection of the Kelvingrove Museum in Glasgow, United Kingdom. It is a compilation text consisting of treatises on a variety of martial topics, by several different masters who stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer.

The Glasgow Fechtbuch is significant for several reasons. First, it contains the only known version of Sigmund Ain ringeck's gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital that includes illustrations as the text specifies (apparently copied from the originals). It also contains a fragment of the wrestling treatise associated with the Augsburg group which complements that found in the Bauman Fechtbuch. Additionally, the manuscript includes a few treatises whose relation to Liechtenauer's tradition might otherwise be unclear, such as Martin Syber's New Recital and the teachings of the "other masters" of the MS 3227^a. Their appearance here goes some way toward authenticating these treatises as connected to Johannes Liechtenauer.

Provenance

Draft Translation by Jens P. Kleinau	Transcription [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn
[1] So if someone wants to hit or stab you, so position yourself. Put your left foot forward and hold your Messer with your hand near your right hip. As soon as he tries to get your head with a hew, step to him with the simple displacement, where the long edge is above. And jump with your right foot to him at his left side and hit him to the head or any place where you can reach him, he is at your mercy.	[25v] Merck ettliche stuck in dem messer Itm~ wan ainer auff dich wil schlagñ oder stechen / So stel dich also / Setz den lincken fues vor / vnd halt dein messer neben der rechten hu~ff in der handt / vnd wan er dir oben zu dem kopf hawt / so tritt zu im mit der schlechtñ versatzung das die schneid oben seÿ / vnd spring mit dem rechtñ fueß im zu der lincken seÿttñ / vnd haw im zu dem kopf / oder wo du in treffen magst / so ist er dein aigen /
[2] Another piece [from the same beginning] So when he is hitting you from the Roof, so put your right foot forward and displace him. Then jump outside to his right side in the triangle and hit him or stab him where you like. And when you will jump, then lift the other foot a little, so you can better jump beyond him.	Ain ander stuck Item~ / Wan ainer auff dich schlecht von dach / so setz den rechtn fu~eß fu~r vnd versetz / vnd spring hinaus auff sein rechte seyttñ in den drÿ angel / vnd haw zu im oder stich wellest du wilt / vnd wan du springen wilt / so heb den anderñ fues ein wenig auff / so magstu im dester passer aus springen /
[3] More a stand at fencer’s option So put your right foot forward and hold your messer in an angle the point is downwards. As soon as he hits from above, shoot up your Messer and displace him. Then jump to his right side in the triangle and hit him at his head or stab him.	Mer ain standt nach wunsch / Item / Setz den rechten fueß vor / vnd halt dein messer in dem wegel das der spitz vndtersich gee / vnd wan er von dach auff dich schlecht So scheus dein schwert^messer auff vnd versetz mit verkerter handt / vnd spring im hin auff sein rechte seÿttñ in den drÿangel / vnd haw im zu dem kopf oder stich /
[4] But a stand So as one fences long from below to you, so stand with your left foot forward, and lift your Messer above the leg in the changeover. As soon as he fences to you, raise up high your Messer until the handle is over you and the point points downwards, and displace that way (and this displacement is called Zoll^[2] displacement) and jump outside of his left side in the triangle and hit or stab.	Aber ain stand Item wan ainer zu dir von vndten langk vicht / So stee mit dem lincken fueß vor / vnd heb dein messer auff das pain in dem wechsl / vnd wan er ficht zu dir / So gee auff mit dem messer das daz gehu~ltz vbersich ste / vnd der spitz vndtersich / vnd versetz also (vnd die selb versatzung haist zoll versatzung) vnd spring hin auß auff sein lincke seÿttñ in den dryangel vnd haw oder stich /
[5] That is a stand of emergency Mark if someone hits powerfully from the Roof at you, so rise up with the left hand supporting the blade and displace him on your strong. And wind the point to his face, and cut him with the edge down at his hand.	Das haist ain not standt Merck / wen ainer starck von dach zu dir hawt / so gee gewappnet auff vnd versetz starck / vnd wint im den spitz gegen dem gesicht / vnd schneid in mit der schneid vndten in die handt /
[6] But a good piece or stand So as someone thrusts at you from below, so put your right foot forward and take your Messer in the middle-hew. And hit him crossways at his Messer and dismiss the thrust aside. And turn your Messer at his Messer and step with your left foot forward and rotate the Messer over your head and hit and stab.	[26r] Aber ain guet stuck oder standt Item / wan ainer von vndten zu dir sticht / So setz den rechtñ vfu~eß vor / vnd nym dein messer in den mittl haw / vnd haw im zwerch an sein messer / vnd weich im den stich ab / vnd wendt dein messer an sein messer / vnd dritt mit dem lincken fueß fu~r vnd las dã messer vmb den kopf gen vnd haw oder stich /
[7] But a piece versus the heavy arms So as someone hits you from the Roof with a heavy weapon, so displace this with the left hand supporting the blade and turn the point against his face. Then thrust him too his breast or step with your left foot behind his right foot, good in balance, and go with the Messer at his throat and throw him.	Aber ain stück fu~r die schwern wern Itm~ Wan ainer von dach auff dich haut mit ainer schwerñ wer / So versetzt mit verwappenter handt / vnd wendt im dein spitz gegen dem gesicht / vnd stich in auff die prust / oder tritt im mit dem lincken fues hindter sein rechtñ fues / wol inder wag / vnd vach in mit dem messer peÿ dem hals vnd wirff ÿn /
[8] But a piece and a thrust So as someone thrust below to you, so put your left foot forward and hold your Messer above your right leg in the changeover. As soon as he thrusts or hits step near and displace, let the point points down and displace with the half-displacement, catch the Messer with the left arm. Then let your Messer simply go up and cut him through the mouth.	Aber ain stuck vnd ain schnitt Item / wan ainer vndten zu dir vicht / so setz den lincken fu~eß vor / vnd halt dein messer auff dem rechtñ pain / in dem wechsl / vnd wan er sticht oder schlecht / So tritt dar vnd versetz / vnd las den spitz vndtersich / versetz mit der halben versatzung / vnd erwisch im das messer mit dem lincken arm~ / vnd laß das messer schlecht auff gen / vnd schneid in durch das maul /
[9] A taking of the messer So as you hit to someone from the Roof and he displaces your blow with the simple displacement, so grasp in his Messer with your left hand so that the thumb points to the hand, which holds the Messer, and drive him the Messer out of his hand and throw it away.	Ain messer nemen / Item~ / Wan du zu ainem schlechst von dach / versetzt er dir mit der schlechtñ versatzung / So greiff im mit deiner glincken handt in das messer / das der dawm im gegñ gegen seiner handt sech da er das messer ynnen hat / vnd weg im das messer aus der handt / vnd wu~rff es weg
[10] But a grasping movement So as one hits you from the roof, so raise up the reverted hand with the displacement. Move your handle from the outside over his arm (at the wrist) and grasp him (with your left hand) at the elbow and lift it high and pull his arm down (with the Messer hand) so that he falls on his face. You have to screw his arm with the Messer accurately.	Aber ain eingreiffen Item wan ainer von dach auf dich hawt / So gee mit verkerter handt auff mit der versatzung mit dem gehu~ltz im auswendig vber sein arm~ / vnd greiff in den elpogñ vnd nym yn u~bersich vnd puck im den arm~ vndtersich als wol er auff das maul fallñ / Das messer mu~st du im wol vmb den armñ lassen geñ /
[11] A piece from scabbards, and this is a emergency stand, when you cannot move back or forward. So mark as someone stabs or hits at you, so take your Messer in the middle-hew and that your right foot stands forward. And as soon as he himself at you… so hew from your side from the Roof simply above off, and jump him out of the way at his right side in the triangle and hit him at his right arm.	[26v] Ain stuck von schaiden vnd ist ein not standt / also das du weder hindtersich noch fu~rsich magst Item / Merck wan ainer zu dir sticht oder schlecht / So nym dein messer in den mitl haw / vnd das dein rechter fues vor ste / vnd wan er sich zu dir / So haw von deiner seÿttñ von dach schlechst oben ab / vnd spring im hin aus dem weg auff sein rechte seitñ in den drÿ angl / vnd haw im aüff sein rechten arm~ /

27r - 29v

Long sword fencing by Andres Juden, Jobs von der Nyssen, Nicklass Prewsñ, and Hans Döbringer

35r

Illustration of a seated master, probably either Johannes Liechtenauer or Sigmund Ain ringeck

35v - 56r

Grappling teachings from the Augsburg group

64r - 66r

Grappling by Andre Lignitzer

67r - 73v

Grappling by Ott Jud

74r - 82r

Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing by Sigmund Ain ringeck

83r - 84r

Anonymous gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing (fragment)

84r - 95v

Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing by Pseudo-Peter von Danzig (fragment)

95v - 97v

Dagger by Martin Huntsfeld

97v - 100r

Draft Translation
by Harrison Ridgeway

Transcription [edit]
by Dierk Hagedorn

[1] A very good lesson to know:

Note, when you are warring with someone, stand just back from him and place your left foot forward and lay your left hand in front on the chest, and notice what he does with his dagger.

[97v] Ein vast gutte Lerr vnd ist gutt zu wissñ

Nu merck / wen du mit ainem kriegst / so tritt fast zu im / vnd setz dein lincken fuß vor / vnd leg dein lincke hant forn an dye prust vnd nym eben war wie/er sein tegen fast ·

[2] If he takes the dagger in the hand such that the blade goes out underneath the hand, then he wants to thrust from above to you. If he draws his dagger-hand back across his chest and steps forward with his right foot, then he wants to throw a mittel-stich. If he holds the dagger in the hand, such that the blade is above going out by his thumb, then he wants to stab up from below. As soon as you see that he threatens you, get close-by him thus his thrust will have no power, and always pay attention to how he holds the dagger.

Nÿmbt er den tegen in die hant also das dÿe clingen vndtn an der hant auß get / so wil er von oben stechen zu dir · Zeucht er aber sein hant mit dem tegen / vnd legt sy vorn an dye prust / vnd drytt zu mit dem rechtñ fuß / so wil er stechñ den mitterñ stich · Nÿmbt er aber den tegen in die hant / das dÿ kling oben peÿ dem dawm auß geet / so wil er võ vndtñ auffstechen / wie du dan merckst das sein gefert ist / so hab dich nahent zu im / so mag der stich kain kraff haben / vnd wart albeg ob du im den tegen mogst nemen /

[3] Also know that if you want to do this, but he stands back from you, you should be well aware that he is waiting for you with skill. When you notice this, then thrust with careful judgement. If you see that he wants to thrust, then counter it with one of the examples you will learn next.

Auch merck ob du im das selb thun woltest / vnd er vast zu dir tritt / so magstu wol versten / das er auff dich wart mit ku~st in dem das du in merckest / so stich mit vernufft / sichst du das er will stechñ so thue den wider pruch des selbñ stucks / als du hindtñ nach wol gelert wirst

[4] An example

Mark, if you see someone comes fast with their dagger for a thrust below and intends to go through to thrust, hold yourself close against him and place your left leg forward, and the left hand at your chest. When he stabs at you, go in with your left hand to his right hand and (wrench?) his hand around and away from you, and with your dagger, stab him in the chest or wherever you like as it is shown above.

Ain stuck

Nu merck / Sichstu das ainer sein tegen fast zu dem vndtern stich / vnd maynt durch zu stechen / so halt dich vast zu im / vnd setz das linck pain vor / vnd dye lenck hant auff dein prust / wan er auff dich sticht So fall im mit deiner lincken hant auff sein rechte hant / vnd reÿb Im sein hant von dir vmb / vnd mit deine~ tegñ stich in in dye prust / oder wo du hin wild / als oben gemalt stet /

[5] Another good example

If he stabs you from above at your head or at your breast: With your right hand inverted, drive upwards from below under his right hand, and grasp him by the arm. With the left hand over his right arm, set the dagger away from you so you take it from him, or throw him over a leg as it is shown above.

[98r] Ein ander gutt stuck

Sticht Er aber den oberñ stich zu dir / nach deine~ haubt / oder zu der prust / so far von vndtñ auff mit der rechtñ ewichen hant / vndter sein rechte hant / vnd begreyff in den arm~ / vnd mit der linckn hant vber sein rechtñ arm~ / thue den tegen võ dir / so nymbst du im den tegeñ / oder wurfst in vber ein pain / als oben gemalt stet /

[6] Another good example

If he has pulled his dagger and you have not, and he wants to stab at you with an ober-stich, fall in with your left hand under his right hand near by to the dagger, and hold firm with your inverted right hand on your left, then wrench upwards so that you take the dagger as it is shown above.

Ein ander gutt stuck

Hatt er sein tegen geruckt / ee den du den dein / vnd wil auff dich stechñ den oberñ stich / So fal im mit der lincken hant / vndter sein rechte hant / nahent peÿ dem tegen / vnd halt fest / vnd mit der rechten ewichen hant an dye lincken / vnd prich vbersich / so ny~bst du im den tegeñ als obñ gemalt stett /

[7] Counter

Further note, if someone goes to take your dagger (in that way), when he grasps your hand, pull (your hand) to yourself and strike his left arm with your left hand, so you keep hold of your dagger.

Pruch /

Merck eben / wil dir disser den degen nemen / wen er greifft an dein hant / so ruck auff vnd mit der lincken hant schlag in an sein linckñ arm~ / so behelst den tegñ /

[8] Another dagger example

Whether you are in armour or not, and your dagger is in the sheath when someone stabs at your with an ober-stich, have both your hands crossed in front of you at the belly with the right hand on top of the left, and the left leg standing forward. Wait for when he thrusts at you and drive up with both hands under his dagger, and catch the thrust as shown above. With your reversed left hand, grasp his right arm and break it, so you take his dagger.

Ein anders tegen stuck

Pist du in harnasch oder ploß / vnd hast den tegen in der schaÿdñ / vnd disser sticht zu dir mit einem oberñ stich / So hab dein payde hend fur sich creutzling auff dem pauch / dye rech hant vber dye linck / vnd das linck paÿn vor ste / vnd wart wen er auff dich sticht / so far mit paydñ hendtñ auff / vndter sein tegeñ / vnd fach im den stich / als obñ gemalt stet / zu hant begreÿff im mit der linckñ ewichen hant seinen rechtñ arm~ / vnd prich im den arm~ võ im so nymbst du im den tegen /

[9] Counter

But if he wants to do that to you, then step with your right leg behind his left foot and with the left hand, take the balance on your right elbow, pull the dagger towards you and shove him over your knee.

Prüch /

Wil dir aber ainer das thuen / so tritt mit deine~ rechte~ pain / hindter sein linckñ fuß vnd mit der linckñ hant nÿm das gewicht an seine~ rechten elpogeñ / ruck den tegeñ zu dir / vnd stoß in vber ein knÿe

[10] Yet another example

If a peasant wants to stab at you, see when he will drive his thrust and fall with your left hand on his right hand, and push him backwards. With the right hand seize the blade of his dagger and drive it towards his belly, and pull the dagger or shove him over a leg.

Ain anders stuck

Will ein paur auff dich stechen / so wart wen er den stich wil verfurñ / [98v] So fall mit deiner linckñ hant auff sein rechte hant / vnd truck in nÿd° / mit der rechtñ hant begreyff im den spitz seins tegens / vnd im den spitz zu seinem pauch / vnd ruck den tegñ / oder stoß in vber ein pain

[11] Counter

If someone wants to do that to you, then when he wants to grasp your hand, pull the right beneath out of the way, and with the right leg step towards him, and with your left hand take the [gewicht] on his right arm, or shove him against your leg so you gain the advantage.

pruch /

Wil dir ainer das thun / so wart wan er die hant will begreÿffen / so ruck dye recht vndtersich auß dem weg / vnd mit dem rechtñ pain trytt zu im / vnd mit der linckñ hant / nym das gewicht an seine~ rechtñ arm~ / oder stoß in pey aine~ pain / so hastu fortail

[12] Example for the unter-stich

If someone wants to stab you from below, see that you immediately grasp him with your right hand by his right hand, and with your left hand on his right arm. Pull him to you so you force his side or his back to face you, so with your left hand you can grasp his neck and put your leg forward to throw him. Also pay attention he doesn’t pull his leg clear and do the same to you.

Stuck zu den vndterñ stichen

Wil ainer von vndtñ auff dich stechñ / so wart das du zu hant / mit deiner rechtñ hant greÿffest auff sein rechte hant / vnd mit der lincken hant auff seinen^rechtñarm~ vnd ruck in andich / so gewinstu im dye seyttñ oder den ruck an / so magstu wol mit der linckñ handt greyffen sein halß vnd setz im ain pain fur vnd wurff in Auch merck das er sein pain nit zuck vnd er dir das thue /

[13] Another good example:

He has his dagger in hand, and wants to stab you from below, and your dagger is still sheathed, then don’t pull. Fall in quickly with your left hand on top of his right hand, and with your right, push the blade underneath to pry it free, as shown above, thus you take his dagger and immediately step with the right foot to him, and with your left, shove(punch?) forward so you can work with his dagger.

Ein anders gutt stuck so aine~ vbe~ eylt wirt

Hat er sein degen in der handt / vnd wil von vndtñ auff zu dir stechñ / vnd dein tegen inder scheid noch hast So zuck nit vnd sich das er dich nit vber eÿl / Fall im pald mit deiner lincken hant oben auff sein rechte hant / vnd mit der rechtñ far an dÿ klingñ vnd prich vnd° sich / als oben gemalt stet / So nÿmbstu im den tegñ vnd zu hant trytt mit dem rechtñ fuß zu im / vnd mit der linckñ stoß in von dir / so magstü arbaÿttñ mit seine~ tegeñ /

[14] When someone stabs you from above, then know the below technique also:

If you struggle against someone and he is stronger than you, hold yourself fast against him. If he holds his dagger in the (stance?) as with the ober-stich, so grab your dagger to an unter-stich. If he then pulls back and stabs again at you, then you pull also, and with the left hand grasp forward at his dagger and drive from below up on his dagger, and hold yourself with your head fast from him as it is shown above. Immediately bend his right hand with your dagger and grasp him by the right arm, and with the point of the dagger and the left hand, hold his arm tightly. With the right hand snatch upward to you take his dagger.

Wen ainer oben zu stich / so halt dich mit dem vndtern also

Zurntst du mit aine~ / vnd er ist stercker dan du / So halt dich vest zu im / fast er sein tegen in der staidñ als zu ainem oberñ stich / so vaß dein tegen zu aine~ vndterñ stich / Wan er dan zuckt vnd auff dich sticht / so zuck du auch / vnd mit der linckñ greyff vorn [99r] an den tegeñ / vnd far von vndtñ auff an sein tegen / vnd halt dich mit dem haubt vast von im / als obn gemalt stet · Zu handt peug im sein^rechtehant mit deinem tegen / vnd begreyff im sein rechtñ arm~ / vnd mit dem ort des tegñ vnd mit der linckñ hant halt sein arm sein vest / mit der rechtñ hant prich vbersich / so nÿmbstu im den tegen /

[15] Counter

When he goes beneath your dagger with his, and wants to wrench the dagger from you, then step with your right foot towards him, and with your left (hand) shove in on his right under the pommel of the dagger and tug the dagger quickly to you, so that you gain the advantage.

Bruch /

Wart wen er mit deine~ tegñ kumbt vndter den deine~ [!] / vnd wil dir brechñ den tegen / so trytt mit dem rechtñ fuß zu im / vnd mit der linckñ stoß in an sein rechte / vndter den knopf des tegens / vnd zeuch den tegñ pald an dich / so kumbst du zu eine~ fortail

[16] Yet another example

If someone wants to stab at you from below: fall in downwards with both hands to his arm, so that your right hand is at his hand and your left hand is at his arm then immediately lift the arm to you, turn yourself around and pull his arm to your left shoulder as shown above, and draw downwards so that you break his arm.

Aber ain stuck

Wil ainer auff dich stechñ von vndtñ auff / so fall im mit beden hendñ auff sein arm~ von oben nÿder / also das dein rechte hant auff sein rechte hant / vnd dye linck auff sein arm~ zu handt / so heb im den arm~ auff / vnd ker dich vmb / vnd ruck im sein arm~ auff sein dein lincke achsel / als oben gemalt stet / vnd zeuch nyder / so prichstu im den arm~ /

[17] Counter

If someone does that, when he has your arm and he wants to turn around: move your right hand to his neck and step with your right leg to him, and with the left hand grasp one of his legs and pull it to you so that he falls on his face.

Bruch

wil dir ainer das thayn / so wart wen er den arm~ hat gefast / vnd wil sich vmkernñ / so beheg beweg dein rechte hant zu seinem hals / vnd tritt mit dem rechtñ pain zu im / vnd mit der linckñ hant begreyff im ain pain / vnd ruck an dich / so felt er auf das antlitz /

[18] With empty hand against a lower-thrust.

Note here a good example: If someone has a dagger and you do not, and they run at you with a thrust from below, do not be frightened and stand fast. As you see him make the thrust, fall in with your right hand on his right hand, behind his dagger, and put your left hand on his elbow from underneath. With your right(sic) hand shove his elbow away from you and pull his right hand behind his back, so you break his arm and he falls.

[99r] Mit lerer hant zu dem vndtern stich

Nu merck ein gutt stuck / Hat einer ain stegen / vnd du kain vnd er zu dir laufft mit aine~ vndterñ stich / so erschrick nit / vnd stee still / vnd wart wen er den stich thut / so fall im mit deiner rechtñ hant / auff sein rechte hant / hindter dem tegen / vnd mit der linckñ auff sein Elpogen / von vndtñ auff / [99v] Vnd mit der rechtñ hant stoß sein^[3] Elpogñ von dir / vnd mit der rechtñ hindter seinen ruckñ / so prichstu im seine~ arm~ vnd felt /

[19] A counter against that

If you stab at someone and he will catch or grip your arm in his hand, strike with your left hand onto his right arm from below and pull the dagger towards him so that you push it off (his hand?).

Bruch da wider

so du auff in stichst / vnd er dir dein hant wil fasseñ oder begreyffen / so stos mit deiner linckñ hant / an seinen rechtñ arm~ / von vndtñ auff / vnd zuck den tegen zu ir / so sigst dü ob /

[20] A very good, hidden example

If he has pulled his dagger and you have not, and he runs at you, then hurry to him—then when he wants to thrust from below to you, fall in with your left arm on his right arm and seize the dagger-arm from beneath around (zu handt) so you have him by the elbow with your right hand, and pull towards you, and with the left hand behind him onto his back, and with your right hand seize him by the elbow on his right side and hold fast. If he pulls to force you to fall, then set yourself down on his knee so that your right hand is freed. Thus you can do with him what you like.

Ein verporgen stuck vast gutt

Zuckt er sein degñ / vnd du den dein nicht / laufft er zu dir / so eyll zu im / wan er dan wil stechñ von vndtn zu dir / Fal mit deinem linckñ arm~ / auff sein rechtñ arm / vnd greyff im den tegen arm~ von vndtñ vmb / Zu handt so begreiff im mit deiner rechtñ hant den Elpogñ / vnd ruck an dich / vnd mit deiner lincken hant / brich im sein hant hindter sich auff sein ruck / vnd mit deiner rechtñ hant greyff von seine~ elpogñ an sein rechte hant vnd halt vest / zuckst du so muß er fallñ so magst du im deine~ knÿe auff in sitzeñ / so ist dir dein rechte hant ledig / so thu mit im waß du willd /

[21] Counter

If someone does this to you: when you see that he wants to fall in on your arm, and pull it to you, and with the left hand shove in front of you.

Bruch

wil dir ainer das thun / so wart ebñ auff in wan er dir auff den arm~ wil fallñ / so zuck an dich / vnd mit der linckñ hant stoß in võ dir

[22] Yet another unterstich

If someone runs in at you with an under-stich, then fall in with your left hand on his right arm behind the dagger, and hold fast, and with the right hand fall on the blade and pry it below so that the point of his dagger comes to his leg, as shown here, and against this, use the counter above.

Aber ein vndterstich

Lauff dich ainer an mit aine~ vndterñ stich / so fall im mit deiñer linckñ hant / auff sein rechtñ arm~ / hindter den degñ / vnd halt fest / vnd mit der rechtñ hant fal im in die klingñ / vnd prich vndtersich also das im der spitz seins tegens kumb in sein leib / als gemalt stet / thue den obern pruch da wider /

[23] Note the mittel-stich with its examples

If someone wants to stab at your chest with a mittel-stich, When you see the attack coming, grasp with your right hand behind his dagger and your left on his elbow as it is shown above, and put your leg forward so you throw him.

Merck dye mitterñ stich mit seine~ stucken

Wil ainer auff dich stechñ von der prust den mittern stich [100r] So wart ee der stich verkumbt / so greyff mit deiner rechtñ hant hindter den tegen / vnd mit der lincken an sein elpogen / als obñ gemalt stett / vnd setz im ein pain fur so wurfst du in

[24] Counter

If someone likewise has you by the arm, and strike with your left hand up from below on his right hand, and tug your right hand to you so that you can make another thrust.

Bruch

Wart / wen er dich also gefast hat den arm~ / so schlag mit deiner lincken hant von vndtn auff / an sein rechte hant / vnd ruck dein rechte hant zu dir / so kübst du wider zu aine~ stich /

[25] Yet another example

If someone thrusts a mittel-stich at you: grasp with your right hand in at his right hand under the dagger, and with the left hand drive forwards onto the neck as shown above, and throw him over a leg. Counter: That which was mentioned before.

Aber ain stuck

Sticht ainer den mitterñ stich zu dir / So begreyff im mit deiner rechtñ hant / sein rechte hant / vndter dem degen / vnd mit der linckñ hant far im vorn an den halß / als gemalt stet / vnd wurff In vber ain pain / Bruch / das wie das ober geprochñ hast /

[26] Yet another good example

If someone thrusts a zwerch or ober stich at you, parry that with your right hand as before and drag in the right hand to the rear and release your left hand, and grasp that with below through his legs, and lift up, and with your right hand shove him above so he falls on his (nose).

Aber ain gutt stuck

Sticht einer den zwerch oder den obern stich / das versetz mit deiner rechtñ hant als vor / vnd reib im die rechtñ hant aüff den ruck vnd laß dein lincke hant / vnd greÿff da mit vndtñ durch seine pain / vnd heb auff vnd mit deiner rechtñ hant stoß obñ dir / so felt er auff dye nasñ

[27] Counter

If he thrusts at you with the thrust as written above, and he wants to parry you with the thrust in the parry or with the (arm hand) so seize with your left hand below through your both arms and grasp that with the point of the dagger, and break his arm in front of you below. End.

Bruch

stichst du im den stich alß geschribñ ist Vnd er wil dir das versetzñ mit dem stich in der versatzung oder mit der^[4] arm~ hant / so greyff mit deiner linckñ handt vndtñ durch dein payd arm~ / vnd begreyff da mit den orth vom degen^[5] / vnd prich im den arm~ als vor dÿr nÿder / Finis

100v - 104v

Short sword fencing by Martin Huntsfeld

105r - 105v

Sword and Buckler by Andre Lignitzer

Gallery

Inside Cover

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Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

Jaquet, Daniel; Bartłomiej Walczak (2014). "Liegnitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew? The question of authorship of popular Medieval fighting teachings." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 2(1): 105-148. doi:10.1515/apd-2015-0015.
Lee, Lucien (2022). "Messerfechten from the Augsburg Tradition." Bauman's Fight Book: Augsburg University Library Ⅰ.6.4º 2: 129-156. Ed. by Michael Chidester. Medford, MA: HEMA Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1-953683-27-4.
Tobler, Christian Henry (2010). Messer Fighting from the Glasgow Fechtbuch. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press.
Tobler, Christian Henry (2022). Lance, Spear, Sword, & Messer: A German Medieval Martial Arts Miscellany. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press. ISBN 978-1-937439-64-4.

References

↑ Internally dated on folio 22r.
↑ A measure of length.
↑ Corrected from »dein«.
↑ Corrected from »dem«.
↑ Corrected from »dehen«.

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work	Author(s)	Source
Images
Translation (Messer)	Jens P. Kleinau	The Fencing and Life of Hans Talhoffer
Translation (Dagger)	Harrison Ridgeway	Private Communication
Transcription	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)

[1] Internally dated on folio 22r.

[2] A measure of length.

[3] Corrected from »dein«.

[4] Corrected from »dem«.

[5] Corrected from »dehen«.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Difference between revisions of "Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)"

Latest revision as of 19:30, 26 August 2024

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 <!----------Name---------->
 | name               = [[name::Glasgow Fechtbuch]]
-| location           = [[inventory::MS E.1939.65.341]], [[museum::Glasgow Museums]]<br/>Glasgow, United Kingdom
+| location           = [[inventory::MS E.1939.65.341]], [[museum::Kelvingrove Museum]]<br/>Glasgow, United Kingdom
 <!----------Image---------->
 | image              = File:MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 | keyimage           = File:MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg
 <!----------General---------->
-| Index number       = [[WI::—]]
+| Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::SE]]
-| Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::—]]
+| Wierschin's catalog= —
-| Hils' catalog      = [[HK::—]]
+| Hils' catalog      = —
-| Beck catalog       = [[BC::38.1.2]]
+| Beck catalog       = [http://kdih.badw.de/datenbank/handschrift/38/1/2 38.1.2] {{#set:BC=38.1.2}}
 | Also known as      =
 | Type               = {{plainlist
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 | Scribe(s)          =
 | Author(s)          = {{collapsible list
+ | [[author::Sigmund Ain ringeck]]
   | [[author::Andres Juden]]
   | [[author::Hans Döbringer]]
-  | [[author::Martin Huntfeltz]]
+  | [[author::Martin Huntsfeld]]
   | [[author::Johannes Liechtenauer]]
   | [[author::Andre Lignitzer]]
@@ Line 31: / Line 32: @@
   | [[author::Ott Jud]]
   | [[author::Nicklass Preußen]]
- | [[author::Sigmund ain Ringeck]]
   | [[author::Martin Syber]]
 }}
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 <!----------Form and content---------->
 | Material           = Paper
-| Size               = 105 [[folia]] (206 mm x 155 mm)
+| Size               = 107 [[folia]] (206 mm x 155 mm)
 | Format             = Double-sided; in some sections, one <br/>illustration per side with text above
 | Condition          =
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 | Previously kept    =
 | Discovered         =
-| Website            = [http://collections.glasgowmuseums.com/starobject.html?oid=241651 Museum catalog entry]
+| Website            = [http://collections.glasgowmuseums.com/mwebcgi/mweb?request{{=}}record;id{{=}}241651;type{{=}}101 Museum catalog entry]
 | Images             = [[:category:MS E.1939.65.341|Digital scans]] (1000x1400)
-| Translations       = {{German translation|http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/05/04/161/|1}}
+| Translations       = {{German translation|http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/06/04/161/|1}}
 | below              =
 }}
-The '''MS E.1939.65.341''' is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] created in 1508.<ref>Internally dated on [[page:MS E.1939.65.341 022r.jpg|folio 22r]].</ref> The original currently rests in the R. L. Scott Collection of the [[Glasgow Museums]] in Glasgow, United Kingdom. It is a compilation text consisting of treatises on a variety of martial topics, by several different masters who stood in the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]].
+The '''MS E.1939.65.341''' (often called the Glasgow Fechtbuch) is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] created in 1508.<ref>Internally dated on [[page:MS E.1939.65.341 022r.jpg|folio 22r]].</ref> The original currently rests in the R. L. Scott Collection of the [[Kelvingrove Museum]] in Glasgow, United Kingdom. It is a compilation text consisting of treatises on a variety of martial topics, by several different masters who stood in the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]].
-The Glasgow Fechtbuch is significant for several reasons. First, it contains the only known version of [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]'s gloss of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]'s ''Recital'' that includes Ringeck's original illustrations. It also contains a fragment of the wrestling treatise associated with the [[Nuremberg group]] which compliments that found in the [[codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Codex Wallerstein]]. Additionally, the manuscript includes a few treatises whose relation to Liechtenauer's tradition might otherwise be unclear, such as [[Martin Syber]]'s ''New Recital'' and the teachings of the "[[other Masters (14th Century)|other masters]]" of the [[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227a]]. Their appearance here goes some way toward authenticating these treatises as connected to Johannes Liechtenauer.
+The Glasgow Fechtbuch is significant for several reasons. First, it contains the only known version of [[Sigmund Ain ringeck]]'s gloss of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]'s ''Recital'' that includes illustrations as the text specifies (apparently copied from the originals). It also contains a fragment of the wrestling treatise associated with the [[Augsburg group]] which complements that found in the [[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Bauman Fechtbuch]]. Additionally, the manuscript includes a few treatises whose relation to Liechtenauer's tradition might otherwise be unclear, such as [[Martin Syber]]'s ''New Recital'' and the teachings of the "[[other Masters (14th Century)|other masters]]" of the [[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227<sup>a</sup>]]. Their appearance here goes some way toward authenticating these treatises as connected to Johannes Liechtenauer.
 == Provenance ==
@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 {| class="treatise"
 |-
-! id="page" | [[Sigmund ain Ringeck|1r - 22r]]
+! id="page" | [[Sigmund Ain ringeck|1r - 22r]]
-| [[Gloss]] of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on [[long sword]] fencing by [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]] (fragment)
+| [[Gloss]] of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on [[long sword]] fencing by [[Sigmund Ain ringeck]] (fragment)
 |-
-! [[Sigmund ain Ringeck|22v - 24r]]
+! [[Stuck im aufstreichen|22v - 24r]]
-| Long sword fencing by [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]
+| Anonymous treatise on [[long sword]] fencing
 |-
@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
    | width = 60em
 }}
-{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+{| class="treatisecontent"
 |-
 ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jens P. Kleinau]]</p>
@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 |-
-| <p><br/></p>
+| <p>[1] </p>
 <p>So if someone wants to hit or stab you, so position yourself. Put your left foot forward and hold your Messer with your hand near your right hip. As soon as he tries to get your head with a hew, step to him with the simple displacement, where the long edge is above. And jump with your right foot to him at his left side and hit him to the head or any place where you can reach him, he is at your mercy.</p>
@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Another piece [from the same beginning]}}</p>
+| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|Another piece [from the same beginning]}}</p>
 <p>So when he is hitting you from the Roof, so put your right foot forward and displace him. Then jump outside to his right side in the triangle and hit him or stab him where you like. And when you will jump, then lift the other foot a little, so you can better jump beyond him.</p>
@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|More a stand at fencer’s option}}</p>
+| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|More a stand at fencer’s option}}</p>
 <p>So put your right foot forward and hold your messer in an angle the point is downwards. As soon as he hits from above, shoot up your Messer and displace him. Then jump to his right side in the triangle and hit him at his head or stab him.</p>
@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|But a stand}}</p>
+| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|But a stand}}</p>
 <p>So as one fences long from below to you, so stand with your left foot forward, and lift your Messer above the leg in the changeover. As soon as he fences to you, raise up high your Messer until the handle is over you and the point points downwards, and displace that way (and this displacement is called ''Zoll''<ref>A measure of length.</ref> displacement) and jump outside of his left side in the triangle and hit or stab.</p>
@@ Line 114: / Line 114: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|That is a stand of emergency}}</p>
+| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|That is a stand of emergency}}</p>
 <p>Mark if someone hits powerfully from the Roof at you, so rise up with the left hand supporting the blade and displace him on your strong. And wind the point to his face, and cut him with the edge down at his hand.</p>
@@ Line 120: / Line 120: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|But a good piece or stand}}</p>
+| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|But a good piece or stand}}</p>
 <p>So as someone thrusts at you from below, so put your right foot forward and take your Messer in the middle-hew. And hit him crossways at his Messer and dismiss the thrust aside. And turn your Messer at his Messer and step with your left foot forward and rotate the Messer over your head and hit and stab.</p>
@@ Line 126: / Line 126: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|But a piece versus the heavy arms}}</p>
+| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|But a piece versus the heavy arms}}</p>
 <p>So as someone hits you from the Roof with a heavy weapon, so displace this with the left hand supporting the blade and turn the point against his face. Then thrust him too his breast or step with your left foot behind his right foot, good in balance, and go with the Messer at his throat and throw him.</p>
@@ Line 132: / Line 132: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|But a piece and a thrust}}</p>
+| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|But a piece and a thrust}}</p>
 <p>So as someone thrust below to you, so put your left foot forward and hold your Messer above your right leg in the changeover. As soon as he thrusts or hits step near and displace, let the point points down and displace with the half-displacement, catch the Messer with the left arm. Then let your Messer simply go up and cut him through the mouth.</p>
@@ Line 138: / Line 138: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|A taking of the messer}}</p>
+| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|A taking of the messer}}</p>
 <p>So as you hit to someone from the Roof and he displaces your blow with the simple displacement, so grasp in his Messer with your left hand so that the thumb points to the hand, which holds the Messer, and drive him the Messer out of his hand and throw it away.</p>
@@ Line 144: / Line 144: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|But a grasping movement}}</p>
+| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|But a grasping movement}}</p>
 <p>So as one hits you from the roof, so raise up the reverted hand with the displacement. Move your handle from the outside over his arm (at the wrist) and grasp him (with your left hand) at the elbow and lift it high and pull his arm down (with the Messer hand) so that he falls on his face. You have to screw his arm with the Messer accurately.</p>
@@ Line 150: / Line 150: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|A piece from scabbards, and this is a emergency stand, when you cannot move back or forward.}}</p>
+| class="noline" | <p>[11] {{red|b=1|A piece from scabbards, and this is a emergency stand, when you cannot move back or forward.}}</p>
 <p>So mark as someone stabs or hits at you, so take your Messer in the middle-hew and that your right foot stands forward. And as soon as he himself at you… so hew from your side from the Roof simply above off, and jump him out of the way at his right side in the triangle and hit him at his right arm.</p>
-| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 026v.jpg|1|lbl=26v}}
+| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 026v.jpg|1|lbl=26v}}
 |}
@@ Line 164: / Line 164: @@
 |-
 ! [[:file:MS E.1939.65.341 035r.jpg|35r]]
-| Illustration of a seated master, probably either Johannes Liechtenauer or Sigmund ain Ringeck
+| Illustration of a seated master, probably either Johannes Liechtenauer or Sigmund Ain ringeck
 |-
-! [[Nuremberg Group|35v - 56r]]
+! [[Augsburg Group|35v - 56r]]
-| [[Grappling]] teachings from the [[Nuremberg group]]
+| [[Grappling]] teachings from the [[Augsburg group]]
 |-
@@ Line 179: / Line 179: @@
 |-
-! [[Sigmund ain Ringeck|74r - 82r]]
+! [[Sigmund Ain ringeck|74r - 82r]]
-| Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing by [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]
+| Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing by [[Sigmund Ain ringeck]]
 |-
-! [[Sigmund ain Ringeck|83r - 84r]]
+! [[Glasgow Gloss Fragment|83r - 84r]]
-| Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing by [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]] (fragment)
+| Anonymous gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing (fragment)
 |-
@@ Line 191: / Line 191: @@
 |-
-! [[Martin Huntfeltz|95v - 97v]]
+! [[Martin Huntsfeld|95v - 97v]]
-| [[Dagger]] by [[Martin Huntfeltz]]
+| [[Dagger]] by [[Martin Huntsfeld]]
 |-
@@ Line 200: / Line 200: @@
    | width = 60em
 }}
-{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+{| class="treatisecontent"
 |-
 ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Harrison Ridgeway]]</p>
@@ Line 206: / Line 206: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|A very good lesson to know:}}</p>
+| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|A very good lesson to know:}}</p>
 <p>Note, when you are warring with someone, stand just back from him and place your left foot forward and lay your left hand in front on the chest, and notice what he does with his dagger.</p>
@@ Line 212: / Line 212: @@
 |-
-| <p>If he takes the dagger in the hand such that the blade goes out underneath the hand, then he wants to thrust from above to you. If he draws his dagger-hand back across his chest and steps forward with his right foot, then he wants to throw a ''mittel-stich''. If he holds the dagger in the hand, such that the blade is above going out by his thumb, then he wants to stab up from below. As soon as you see that he threatens you, get close-by him thus his thrust will have no power, and always pay attention to how he holds the dagger.</p>
+| <p>[2] If he takes the dagger in the hand such that the blade goes out underneath the hand, then he wants to thrust from above to you. If he draws his dagger-hand back across his chest and steps forward with his right foot, then he wants to throw a ''mittel-stich''. If he holds the dagger in the hand, such that the blade is above going out by his thumb, then he wants to stab up from below. As soon as you see that he threatens you, get close-by him thus his thrust will have no power, and always pay attention to how he holds the dagger.</p>
 | {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 097v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Also know}} that if you want to do this, but he stands back from you, you should be well aware that he is waiting for you with skill. When you notice this, then thrust with careful judgement. If you see that he wants to thrust, then counter it with one of the examples you will learn next.</p>
+| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|Also know}} that if you want to do this, but he stands back from you, you should be well aware that he is waiting for you with skill. When you notice this, then thrust with careful judgement. If you see that he wants to thrust, then counter it with one of the examples you will learn next.</p>
 | {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 097v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|An example}}</p>
+| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|An example}}</p>
 <p>{{red|b=1|M}}ark, if you see someone comes fast with their dagger for a thrust below and intends to go through to thrust, hold yourself close against him and place your left leg forward, and the left hand at your chest. When he stabs at you, go in with your left hand to his right hand and (wrench?) his hand around and away from you, and with your dagger, stab him in the chest or wherever you like as it is shown above.</p>
@@ Line 226: / Line 226: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Another good example}}</p>
+| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|Another good example}}</p>
 <p>'''I'''f he stabs you from above at your head or at your breast: With your right hand inverted, drive upwards from below under his right hand, and grasp him by the arm. With the left hand over his right arm, set the dagger away from you so you take it from him, or throw him over a leg as it is shown above.</p>
@@ Line 232: / Line 232: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Another good example}}</p>
+| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|Another good example}}</p>
 <p>{{red|b=1|If he has}} pulled his dagger and you have not, and he wants to stab at you with an ''ober-stich'', fall in with your left hand under his right hand near by to the dagger, and hold firm with your inverted right hand on your left, then wrench upwards so that you take the dagger as it is shown above.</p>
@@ Line 238: / Line 238: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
+| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 <p>Further note, if someone goes to take your dagger (in that way), when he grasps your hand, pull (your hand) to yourself and strike his left arm with your left hand, so you keep hold of your dagger.</p>
@@ Line 244: / Line 244: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Another dagger example}}</p>
+| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|Another dagger example}}</p>
 <p>{{red|b=1|Whether you}} are in armour or not, and your dagger is in the sheath when someone stabs at your with an ''ober-stich'', have both your hands crossed in front of you at the belly with the right hand on top of the left, and the left leg standing forward. Wait for when he thrusts at you and drive up with both hands under his dagger, and catch the thrust as shown above. With your reversed left hand, grasp his right arm and break it, so you take his dagger.</p>
@@ Line 250: / Line 250: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
+| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 <p>But if he wants to do that to you, then step with your right leg behind his left foot and with the left hand, take the balance on your right elbow, pull the dagger towards you and shove him over your knee.</p>
@@ Line 256: / Line 256: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p>
+| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p>
 <p>{{red|b=1|If}} a peasant wants to stab at you, see when he will drive his thrust and fall with your left hand on his right hand, and push him backwards. With the right hand seize the blade of his dagger and drive it towards his belly, and pull the dagger or shove him over a leg.</p>
@@ Line 263: / Line 263: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
+| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 <p>If someone wants to do that to you, then when he wants to grasp your hand, pull the right beneath out of the way, and with the right leg step towards him, and with your left hand take the [''gewicht''] on his right arm, or shove him against your leg so you gain the advantage.</p>
@@ Line 269: / Line 269: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Example for the ''unter-stich''}}</p>
+| <p>[12] {{red|b=1|Example for the ''unter-stich''}}</p>
 <p>'''I'''f someone wants to stab you from below, see that you immediately grasp him with your right hand by his right hand, and with your left hand on his right arm. Pull him to you so you force his side or his back to face you, so with your left hand you can grasp his neck and put your leg forward to throw him. Also pay attention he doesn’t pull his leg clear and do the same to you.</p>
@@ Line 275: / Line 275: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Another good example:}}</p>
+| <p>[13] {{red|b=1|Another good example:}}</p>
 <p>'''H'''e has his dagger in hand, and wants to stab you from below, and your dagger is still sheathed, then don’t pull. Fall in quickly with your left hand on top of his right hand, and with your right, push the blade underneath to pry it free, as shown above, thus you take his dagger and immediately step with the right foot to him, and with your left, shove(punch?) forward so you can work with his dagger.</p>
@@ Line 281: / Line 281: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|When someone stabs you from above, then know the below technique also:}}</p>
+| <p>[14] {{red|b=1|When someone stabs you from above, then know the below technique also:}}</p>
 <p>'''I'''f you struggle against someone and he is stronger than you, hold yourself fast against him. If he holds his dagger in the (stance?) as with the ''ober-stich'', so grab your dagger to an ''unter-stich''. If he then pulls back and stabs again at you, then you pull also, and with the left hand grasp forward at his dagger and drive from below up on his dagger, and hold yourself with your head fast from him as it is shown above. Immediately bend his right hand with your dagger and grasp him by the right arm, and with the point of the dagger and the left hand, hold his arm tightly. With the right hand snatch upward to you take his dagger.</p>
@@ Line 288: / Line 288: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
+| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 <p>When he goes beneath your dagger with his, and wants to wrench the dagger from you, then step with your right foot towards him, and with your left (hand) shove in on his right under the pommel of the dagger and tug the dagger quickly to you, so that you gain the advantage.</p>
@@ Line 294: / Line 294: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p>
+| <p>[16] {{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p>
 <p>'''I'''f someone wants to stab at you from below: fall in downwards with both hands to his arm, so that your right hand is at his hand and your left hand is at his arm then immediately lift the arm to you, turn yourself around and pull his arm to your left shoulder as shown above, and draw downwards so that you break his arm.</p>
@@ Line 300: / Line 300: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
+| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 <p>If someone does that, when he has your arm and he wants to turn around: move your right hand to his neck and step with your right leg to him, and with the left hand grasp one of his legs and pull it to you so that he falls on his face.</p>
@@ Line 306: / Line 306: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|With empty hand against a lower-thrust.}}</p>
+| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|With empty hand against a lower-thrust.}}</p>
 <p>{{red|b=1|Note}} here a good example: If someone has a dagger and you do not, and they run at you with a thrust from below, do not be frightened and stand fast. As you see him make the thrust, fall in with your right hand on his right hand, behind his dagger, and put your left hand on his elbow from underneath. With your right(sic) hand shove his elbow away from you and pull his right hand behind his back, so you break his arm and he falls.</p>
@@ Line 313: / Line 313: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|A counter against that}}</p>
+| <p>[19] {{red|b=1|A counter against that}}</p>
 <p>If you stab at someone and he will catch or grip your arm in his hand, strike with your left hand onto his right arm from below and pull the dagger towards him so that you push it off (his hand?).</p>
@@ Line 319: / Line 319: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|A very good, hidden example}}</p>
+| <p>[20] {{red|b=1|A very good, hidden example}}</p>
 <p>{{red|b=1|I}}f he has pulled his dagger and you have not, and he runs at you, then hurry to him—then when he wants to thrust from below to you, fall in with your left arm on his right arm and seize the dagger-arm from beneath around (''zu handt'') so you have him by the elbow with your right hand, and pull towards you, and with the left hand behind him onto his back, and with your right hand seize him by the elbow on his right side and hold fast. If he pulls to force you to fall, then set yourself down on his knee so that your right hand is freed. Thus you can do with him what you like.</p>
@@ Line 325: / Line 325: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
+| <p>[21] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 <p>If someone does this to you: when you see that he wants to fall in on your arm, and pull it to you, and with the left hand shove in front of you.</p>
@@ Line 331: / Line 331: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Yet another unterstich}}</p>
+| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|Yet another unterstich}}</p>
 <p>'''I'''f someone runs in at you with an ''under-stich'', then fall in with your left hand on his right arm behind the dagger, and hold fast, and with the right hand fall on the blade and pry it below so that the point of his dagger comes to his leg, as shown here, and against this, use the counter above.</p>
@@ Line 337: / Line 337: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Note the ''mittel-stich'' with its examples}}</p>
+| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|Note the ''mittel-stich'' with its examples}}</p>
 <p>'''I'''f someone wants to stab at your chest with a ''mittel-stich'', When you see the attack coming, grasp with your right hand behind his dagger and your left on his elbow as it is shown above, and put your leg forward so you throw him.</p>
@@ Line 344: / Line 344: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
+| <p>[24] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 <p>If someone likewise has you by the arm, and strike with your left hand up from below on his right hand, and tug your right hand to you so that you can make another thrust.</p>
@@ Line 350: / Line 350: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p>
+| <p>[25] {{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p>
 <p>'''I'''f someone thrusts a ''mittel-stich'' at you: grasp with your right hand in at his right hand under the dagger, and with the left hand drive forwards onto the neck as shown above, and throw him over a leg. Counter: That which was mentioned before.</p>
@@ Line 356: / Line 356: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Yet another good example}}</p>
+| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|Yet another good example}}</p>
 <p>{{red|b=1|If}} someone thrusts a ''zwerch'' or ''ober stich'' at you, parry that with your right hand as before and drag in the right hand to the rear and release your left hand, and grasp that with below through his legs, and lift up, and with your right hand shove him above so he falls on his (nose).</p>
@@ Line 362: / Line 362: @@
 |-
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
+| class="noline" | <p>[27] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
-<p>If he thrusts at you with the thrust as written above, and he wants to
+<p>If he thrusts at you with the thrust as written above, and he wants to parry you with the thrust in the parry or with the (arm hand) so seize with your left hand below through your both arms and grasp that with the point of the dagger, and break his arm in front of you below. End.</p>
-parry you with the thrust in the parry or with the (arm hand) so seize
+| class="noline" | {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
-with your left hand below through your both arms and grasp that with
-the point of the dagger, and break his arm in front of you below. End.</p>
-| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 |}
@@ Line 374: / Line 371: @@
 |-
-! [[Martin Huntfeltz|100v&nbsp;-&nbsp;104v]]
+! {{nowrap|[[Martin Huntsfeld|100v&nbsp;-&nbsp;104v]]}}
-| Short sword fencing by [[Martin Huntfeltz]]
+| Short sword fencing by [[Martin Huntsfeld]]
 |-
-! [[Andre Liegniczer|105r - 105v]]
+! [[Andre Lignitzer|105r - 105v]]
-| [[Arming Sword|Sword]] and [[Buckler]] by [[Andre Liegniczer]]
+| [[Sword and Buckler]] by [[Andre Lignitzer]]
 |}
@@ Line 387: / Line 384: @@
 {{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}}
 {{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|Ⅰr|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|Ⅰv|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|Ⅱr|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|Ⅱv|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|Ⅲr|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|Ⅲv|ph=1}}
 {{image|MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg|Folio 1r}}
 {{image|MS E.1939.65.341 001v.jpg|Folio 1v}}
@@ Line 597: / Line 600: @@
 {{image|MS E.1939.65.341 105r.jpg|Folio 105r}}
 {{image|MS E.1939.65.341 105v.jpg|Folio 105v}}
+{{image|Blank|106r|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|106v|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|107r|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|107v|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|Ⅳr|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|Ⅳv|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|Ⅴr|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|Ⅴv|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|Ⅵr|ph=1}}
+{{image|Blank|Ⅵv|ph=1}}
 {{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}}
 {{image|Cover|Back Cover|ph=1}}
@@ Line 602: / Line 615: @@
 == Additional Resources ==
-* Jaquet, Daniel; [[Bartłomiej Walczak|Walczak, Bartłomiej]]. "Liegnitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew? The question of authorship of popular Medieval fighting teachings". ''[[Acta Periodica Duellatorum]]'' '''2'''(1): 105-148. 2014. {{doi|10.1515/apd-2015-0015}}.
+{{bibliography}}
-* [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler, Christian Henry]]. ''Messer Fighting from the Glasgow Fechtbuch''. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2010.
 == References ==
@@ Line 623: / Line 635: @@
 {{sourcebox
 | work        = Translation (Messer)
-| authors     = [[Jens P. Kleinau]]
+| authors     = [[translator::Jens P. Kleinau]]
 | source link = http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/06/04/161/
 | source title= The Fencing and Life of Hans Talhoffer
@@ Line 630: / Line 642: @@
 {{sourcebox
 | work        = Translation (Dagger)
-| authors     = [[Harrison Ridgeway]]
+| authors     = [[translator::Harrison Ridgeway]]
 | source link =
 | source title= Private Communication
@@ Line 637: / Line 649: @@
 {{sourcebox
 | work        = Transcription
-| authors     = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
+| authors     = [[transcriber::Dierk Hagedorn]]
 | source link =
 | source title= [[Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)]]
@@ Line 655: / Line 667: @@
 [[Category:Dagger]]
 [[Category:Messer]]
+[[Category:New format]]