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Difference between revisions of "Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)"
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<!----------Name----------> | <!----------Name----------> | ||
| name = [[name::Glasgow Fechtbuch]] | | name = [[name::Glasgow Fechtbuch]] | ||
| − | | location = [[inventory::MS E.1939.65.341]], [[museum:: | + | | location = [[inventory::MS E.1939.65.341]], [[museum::Kelvingrove Museum]]<br/>Glasgow, United Kingdom |
<!----------Image----------> | <!----------Image----------> | ||
| image = File:MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg | | image = File:MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg | ||
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| keyimage = File:MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg | | keyimage = File:MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg | ||
<!----------General----------> | <!----------General----------> | ||
| − | | | + | | Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::SE]] |
| − | | Wierschin's catalog= | + | | Wierschin's catalog= — |
| − | | Hils' catalog = | + | | Hils' catalog = — |
| − | | Beck catalog = [ | + | | Beck catalog = [http://kdih.badw.de/datenbank/handschrift/38/1/2 38.1.2] {{#set:BC=38.1.2}} |
| Also known as = | | Also known as = | ||
| Type = {{plainlist | | Type = {{plainlist | ||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
| Scribe(s) = | | Scribe(s) = | ||
| Author(s) = {{collapsible list | | Author(s) = {{collapsible list | ||
| + | | [[author::Sigmund Ain ringeck]] | ||
| [[author::Andres Juden]] | | [[author::Andres Juden]] | ||
| [[author::Hans Döbringer]] | | [[author::Hans Döbringer]] | ||
| Line 31: | Line 32: | ||
| [[author::Ott Jud]] | | [[author::Ott Jud]] | ||
| [[author::Nicklass Preußen]] | | [[author::Nicklass Preußen]] | ||
| − | |||
| [[author::Martin Syber]] | | [[author::Martin Syber]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
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<!----------Form and content----------> | <!----------Form and content----------> | ||
| Material = Paper | | Material = Paper | ||
| − | | Size = | + | | Size = 107 [[folia]] (206 mm x 155 mm) |
| Format = Double-sided; in some sections, one <br/>illustration per side with text above | | Format = Double-sided; in some sections, one <br/>illustration per side with text above | ||
| Condition = | | Condition = | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
| Previously kept = | | Previously kept = | ||
| Discovered = | | Discovered = | ||
| − | | Website = [http://collections.glasgowmuseums.com/ | + | | Website = [http://collections.glasgowmuseums.com/mwebcgi/mweb?request{{=}}record;id{{=}}241651;type{{=}}101 Museum catalog entry] |
| Images = [[:category:MS E.1939.65.341|Digital scans]] (1000x1400) | | Images = [[:category:MS E.1939.65.341|Digital scans]] (1000x1400) | ||
| − | | Translations = {{German translation|http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/ | + | | Translations = {{German translation|http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/06/04/161/|1}} |
| below = | | below = | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | The '''MS E.1939.65.341''' is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] created in 1508.<ref>Internally dated on [[page:MS E.1939.65.341 022r.jpg|folio 22r]].</ref> The original currently rests in the R. L. Scott Collection of the [[ | + | The '''MS E.1939.65.341''' (often called the Glasgow Fechtbuch) is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] created in 1508.<ref>Internally dated on [[page:MS E.1939.65.341 022r.jpg|folio 22r]].</ref> The original currently rests in the R. L. Scott Collection of the [[Kelvingrove Museum]] in Glasgow, United Kingdom. It is a compilation text consisting of treatises on a variety of martial topics, by several different masters who stood in the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]. |
| − | The Glasgow Fechtbuch is significant for several reasons. First, it contains the only known version of [[Sigmund | + | The Glasgow Fechtbuch is significant for several reasons. First, it contains the only known version of [[Sigmund Ain ringeck]]'s gloss of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]'s ''Recital'' that includes illustrations as the text specifies (apparently copied from the originals). It also contains a fragment of the wrestling treatise associated with the [[Augsburg group]] which complements that found in the [[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Bauman Fechtbuch]]. Additionally, the manuscript includes a few treatises whose relation to Liechtenauer's tradition might otherwise be unclear, such as [[Martin Syber]]'s ''New Recital'' and the teachings of the "[[other Masters (14th Century)|other masters]]" of the [[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227<sup>a</sup>]]. Their appearance here goes some way toward authenticating these treatises as connected to Johannes Liechtenauer. |
== Provenance == | == Provenance == | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
{| class="treatise" | {| class="treatise" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! id="page" | [[Sigmund | + | ! id="page" | [[Sigmund Ain ringeck|1r - 22r]] |
| − | | [[Gloss]] of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on [[long sword]] fencing by [[Sigmund | + | | [[Gloss]] of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on [[long sword]] fencing by [[Sigmund Ain ringeck]] (fragment) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! [[ | + | ! [[Stuck im aufstreichen|22v - 24r]] |
| − | | | + | | Anonymous treatise on [[long sword]] fencing |
|- | |- | ||
| Line 84: | Line 84: | ||
| width = 60em | | width = 60em | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="treatisecontent" |
|- | |- | ||
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jens P. Kleinau]]</p> | ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jens P. Kleinau]]</p> | ||
| Line 90: | Line 90: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p> | + | | <p>[1] </p> |
<p>So if someone wants to hit or stab you, so position yourself. Put your left foot forward and hold your Messer with your hand near your right hip. As soon as he tries to get your head with a hew, step to him with the simple displacement, where the long edge is above. And jump with your right foot to him at his left side and hit him to the head or any place where you can reach him, he is at your mercy.</p> | <p>So if someone wants to hit or stab you, so position yourself. Put your left foot forward and hold your Messer with your hand near your right hip. As soon as he tries to get your head with a hew, step to him with the simple displacement, where the long edge is above. And jump with your right foot to him at his left side and hit him to the head or any place where you can reach him, he is at your mercy.</p> | ||
| Line 96: | Line 96: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Another piece [from the same beginning]}}</p> | + | | <p>[2] {{red|b=1|Another piece [from the same beginning]}}</p> |
<p>So when he is hitting you from the Roof, so put your right foot forward and displace him. Then jump outside to his right side in the triangle and hit him or stab him where you like. And when you will jump, then lift the other foot a little, so you can better jump beyond him.</p> | <p>So when he is hitting you from the Roof, so put your right foot forward and displace him. Then jump outside to his right side in the triangle and hit him or stab him where you like. And when you will jump, then lift the other foot a little, so you can better jump beyond him.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|More a stand at fencer’s option}}</p> | + | | <p>[3] {{red|b=1|More a stand at fencer’s option}}</p> |
<p>So put your right foot forward and hold your messer in an angle the point is downwards. As soon as he hits from above, shoot up your Messer and displace him. Then jump to his right side in the triangle and hit him at his head or stab him.</p> | <p>So put your right foot forward and hold your messer in an angle the point is downwards. As soon as he hits from above, shoot up your Messer and displace him. Then jump to his right side in the triangle and hit him at his head or stab him.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|But a stand}}</p> | + | | <p>[4] {{red|b=1|But a stand}}</p> |
<p>So as one fences long from below to you, so stand with your left foot forward, and lift your Messer above the leg in the changeover. As soon as he fences to you, raise up high your Messer until the handle is over you and the point points downwards, and displace that way (and this displacement is called ''Zoll''<ref>A measure of length.</ref> displacement) and jump outside of his left side in the triangle and hit or stab.</p> | <p>So as one fences long from below to you, so stand with your left foot forward, and lift your Messer above the leg in the changeover. As soon as he fences to you, raise up high your Messer until the handle is over you and the point points downwards, and displace that way (and this displacement is called ''Zoll''<ref>A measure of length.</ref> displacement) and jump outside of his left side in the triangle and hit or stab.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|That is a stand of emergency}}</p> | + | | <p>[5] {{red|b=1|That is a stand of emergency}}</p> |
<p>Mark if someone hits powerfully from the Roof at you, so rise up with the left hand supporting the blade and displace him on your strong. And wind the point to his face, and cut him with the edge down at his hand.</p> | <p>Mark if someone hits powerfully from the Roof at you, so rise up with the left hand supporting the blade and displace him on your strong. And wind the point to his face, and cut him with the edge down at his hand.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|But a good piece or stand}}</p> | + | | <p>[6] {{red|b=1|But a good piece or stand}}</p> |
<p>So as someone thrusts at you from below, so put your right foot forward and take your Messer in the middle-hew. And hit him crossways at his Messer and dismiss the thrust aside. And turn your Messer at his Messer and step with your left foot forward and rotate the Messer over your head and hit and stab.</p> | <p>So as someone thrusts at you from below, so put your right foot forward and take your Messer in the middle-hew. And hit him crossways at his Messer and dismiss the thrust aside. And turn your Messer at his Messer and step with your left foot forward and rotate the Messer over your head and hit and stab.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|But a piece versus the heavy arms}}</p> | + | | <p>[7] {{red|b=1|But a piece versus the heavy arms}}</p> |
<p>So as someone hits you from the Roof with a heavy weapon, so displace this with the left hand supporting the blade and turn the point against his face. Then thrust him too his breast or step with your left foot behind his right foot, good in balance, and go with the Messer at his throat and throw him.</p> | <p>So as someone hits you from the Roof with a heavy weapon, so displace this with the left hand supporting the blade and turn the point against his face. Then thrust him too his breast or step with your left foot behind his right foot, good in balance, and go with the Messer at his throat and throw him.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|But a piece and a thrust}}</p> | + | | <p>[8] {{red|b=1|But a piece and a thrust}}</p> |
<p>So as someone thrust below to you, so put your left foot forward and hold your Messer above your right leg in the changeover. As soon as he thrusts or hits step near and displace, let the point points down and displace with the half-displacement, catch the Messer with the left arm. Then let your Messer simply go up and cut him through the mouth.</p> | <p>So as someone thrust below to you, so put your left foot forward and hold your Messer above your right leg in the changeover. As soon as he thrusts or hits step near and displace, let the point points down and displace with the half-displacement, catch the Messer with the left arm. Then let your Messer simply go up and cut him through the mouth.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|A taking of the messer}}</p> | + | | <p>[9] {{red|b=1|A taking of the messer}}</p> |
<p>So as you hit to someone from the Roof and he displaces your blow with the simple displacement, so grasp in his Messer with your left hand so that the thumb points to the hand, which holds the Messer, and drive him the Messer out of his hand and throw it away.</p> | <p>So as you hit to someone from the Roof and he displaces your blow with the simple displacement, so grasp in his Messer with your left hand so that the thumb points to the hand, which holds the Messer, and drive him the Messer out of his hand and throw it away.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|But a grasping movement}}</p> | + | | <p>[10] {{red|b=1|But a grasping movement}}</p> |
<p>So as one hits you from the roof, so raise up the reverted hand with the displacement. Move your handle from the outside over his arm (at the wrist) and grasp him (with your left hand) at the elbow and lift it high and pull his arm down (with the Messer hand) so that he falls on his face. You have to screw his arm with the Messer accurately.</p> | <p>So as one hits you from the roof, so raise up the reverted hand with the displacement. Move your handle from the outside over his arm (at the wrist) and grasp him (with your left hand) at the elbow and lift it high and pull his arm down (with the Messer hand) so that he falls on his face. You have to screw his arm with the Messer accurately.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|A piece from scabbards, and this is a emergency stand, when you cannot move back or forward.}}</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>[11] {{red|b=1|A piece from scabbards, and this is a emergency stand, when you cannot move back or forward.}}</p> |
<p>So mark as someone stabs or hits at you, so take your Messer in the middle-hew and that your right foot stands forward. And as soon as he himself at you… so hew from your side from the Roof simply above off, and jump him out of the way at his right side in the triangle and hit him at his right arm.</p> | <p>So mark as someone stabs or hits at you, so take your Messer in the middle-hew and that your right foot stands forward. And as soon as he himself at you… so hew from your side from the Roof simply above off, and jump him out of the way at his right side in the triangle and hit him at his right arm.</p> | ||
| − | | {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 026v.jpg|1|lbl=26v}} | + | | class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 026v.jpg|1|lbl=26v}} |
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! [[:file:MS E.1939.65.341 035r.jpg|35r]] | ! [[:file:MS E.1939.65.341 035r.jpg|35r]] | ||
| − | | Illustration of a seated master, probably either Johannes Liechtenauer or Sigmund | + | | Illustration of a seated master, probably either Johannes Liechtenauer or Sigmund Ain ringeck |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! [[ | + | ! [[Augsburg Group|35v - 56r]] |
| − | | [[Grappling]] teachings from the [[ | + | | [[Grappling]] teachings from the [[Augsburg group]] |
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | ! [[Sigmund | + | ! [[Sigmund Ain ringeck|74r - 82r]] |
| − | | Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing by [[Sigmund | + | | Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing by [[Sigmund Ain ringeck]] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! [[ | + | ! [[Glasgow Gloss Fragment|83r - 84r]] |
| − | | | + | | Anonymous gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing (fragment) |
|- | |- | ||
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| width = 60em | | width = 60em | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="treatisecontent" |
|- | |- | ||
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Harrison Ridgeway]]</p> | ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Harrison Ridgeway]]</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|A very good lesson to know:}}</p> | + | | <p>[1] {{red|b=1|A very good lesson to know:}}</p> |
<p>Note, when you are warring with someone, stand just back from him and place your left foot forward and lay your left hand in front on the chest, and notice what he does with his dagger.</p> | <p>Note, when you are warring with someone, stand just back from him and place your left foot forward and lay your left hand in front on the chest, and notice what he does with his dagger.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>If he takes the dagger in the hand such that the blade goes out underneath the hand, then he wants to thrust from above to you. If he draws his dagger-hand back across his chest and steps forward with his right foot, then he wants to throw a ''mittel-stich''. If he holds the dagger in the hand, such that the blade is above going out by his thumb, then he wants to stab up from below. As soon as you see that he threatens you, get close-by him thus his thrust will have no power, and always pay attention to how he holds the dagger.</p> | + | | <p>[2] If he takes the dagger in the hand such that the blade goes out underneath the hand, then he wants to thrust from above to you. If he draws his dagger-hand back across his chest and steps forward with his right foot, then he wants to throw a ''mittel-stich''. If he holds the dagger in the hand, such that the blade is above going out by his thumb, then he wants to stab up from below. As soon as you see that he threatens you, get close-by him thus his thrust will have no power, and always pay attention to how he holds the dagger.</p> |
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 097v.jpg|3|lbl=-}} | | {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 097v.jpg|3|lbl=-}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Also know}} that if you want to do this, but he stands back from you, you should be well aware that he is waiting for you with skill. When you notice this, then thrust with careful judgement. If you see that he wants to thrust, then counter it with one of the examples you will learn next.</p> | + | | <p>[3] {{red|b=1|Also know}} that if you want to do this, but he stands back from you, you should be well aware that he is waiting for you with skill. When you notice this, then thrust with careful judgement. If you see that he wants to thrust, then counter it with one of the examples you will learn next.</p> |
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 097v.jpg|4|lbl=-}} | | {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 097v.jpg|4|lbl=-}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|An example}}</p> | + | | <p>[4] {{red|b=1|An example}}</p> |
<p>{{red|b=1|M}}ark, if you see someone comes fast with their dagger for a thrust below and intends to go through to thrust, hold yourself close against him and place your left leg forward, and the left hand at your chest. When he stabs at you, go in with your left hand to his right hand and (wrench?) his hand around and away from you, and with your dagger, stab him in the chest or wherever you like as it is shown above.</p> | <p>{{red|b=1|M}}ark, if you see someone comes fast with their dagger for a thrust below and intends to go through to thrust, hold yourself close against him and place your left leg forward, and the left hand at your chest. When he stabs at you, go in with your left hand to his right hand and (wrench?) his hand around and away from you, and with your dagger, stab him in the chest or wherever you like as it is shown above.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Another good example}}</p> | + | | <p>[5] {{red|b=1|Another good example}}</p> |
<p>'''I'''f he stabs you from above at your head or at your breast: With your right hand inverted, drive upwards from below under his right hand, and grasp him by the arm. With the left hand over his right arm, set the dagger away from you so you take it from him, or throw him over a leg as it is shown above.</p> | <p>'''I'''f he stabs you from above at your head or at your breast: With your right hand inverted, drive upwards from below under his right hand, and grasp him by the arm. With the left hand over his right arm, set the dagger away from you so you take it from him, or throw him over a leg as it is shown above.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Another good example}}</p> | + | | <p>[6] {{red|b=1|Another good example}}</p> |
<p>{{red|b=1|If he has}} pulled his dagger and you have not, and he wants to stab at you with an ''ober-stich'', fall in with your left hand under his right hand near by to the dagger, and hold firm with your inverted right hand on your left, then wrench upwards so that you take the dagger as it is shown above.</p> | <p>{{red|b=1|If he has}} pulled his dagger and you have not, and he wants to stab at you with an ''ober-stich'', fall in with your left hand under his right hand near by to the dagger, and hold firm with your inverted right hand on your left, then wrench upwards so that you take the dagger as it is shown above.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> | + | | <p>[7] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> |
<p>Further note, if someone goes to take your dagger (in that way), when he grasps your hand, pull (your hand) to yourself and strike his left arm with your left hand, so you keep hold of your dagger.</p> | <p>Further note, if someone goes to take your dagger (in that way), when he grasps your hand, pull (your hand) to yourself and strike his left arm with your left hand, so you keep hold of your dagger.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Another dagger example}}</p> | + | | <p>[8] {{red|b=1|Another dagger example}}</p> |
<p>{{red|b=1|Whether you}} are in armour or not, and your dagger is in the sheath when someone stabs at your with an ''ober-stich'', have both your hands crossed in front of you at the belly with the right hand on top of the left, and the left leg standing forward. Wait for when he thrusts at you and drive up with both hands under his dagger, and catch the thrust as shown above. With your reversed left hand, grasp his right arm and break it, so you take his dagger.</p> | <p>{{red|b=1|Whether you}} are in armour or not, and your dagger is in the sheath when someone stabs at your with an ''ober-stich'', have both your hands crossed in front of you at the belly with the right hand on top of the left, and the left leg standing forward. Wait for when he thrusts at you and drive up with both hands under his dagger, and catch the thrust as shown above. With your reversed left hand, grasp his right arm and break it, so you take his dagger.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> | + | | <p>[9] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> |
<p>But if he wants to do that to you, then step with your right leg behind his left foot and with the left hand, take the balance on your right elbow, pull the dagger towards you and shove him over your knee.</p> | <p>But if he wants to do that to you, then step with your right leg behind his left foot and with the left hand, take the balance on your right elbow, pull the dagger towards you and shove him over your knee.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p> | + | | <p>[10] {{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p> |
<p>{{red|b=1|If}} a peasant wants to stab at you, see when he will drive his thrust and fall with your left hand on his right hand, and push him backwards. With the right hand seize the blade of his dagger and drive it towards his belly, and pull the dagger or shove him over a leg.</p> | <p>{{red|b=1|If}} a peasant wants to stab at you, see when he will drive his thrust and fall with your left hand on his right hand, and push him backwards. With the right hand seize the blade of his dagger and drive it towards his belly, and pull the dagger or shove him over a leg.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> | + | | <p>[11] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> |
<p>If someone wants to do that to you, then when he wants to grasp your hand, pull the right beneath out of the way, and with the right leg step towards him, and with your left hand take the [''gewicht''] on his right arm, or shove him against your leg so you gain the advantage.</p> | <p>If someone wants to do that to you, then when he wants to grasp your hand, pull the right beneath out of the way, and with the right leg step towards him, and with your left hand take the [''gewicht''] on his right arm, or shove him against your leg so you gain the advantage.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Example for the ''unter-stich''}}</p> | + | | <p>[12] {{red|b=1|Example for the ''unter-stich''}}</p> |
<p>'''I'''f someone wants to stab you from below, see that you immediately grasp him with your right hand by his right hand, and with your left hand on his right arm. Pull him to you so you force his side or his back to face you, so with your left hand you can grasp his neck and put your leg forward to throw him. Also pay attention he doesn’t pull his leg clear and do the same to you.</p> | <p>'''I'''f someone wants to stab you from below, see that you immediately grasp him with your right hand by his right hand, and with your left hand on his right arm. Pull him to you so you force his side or his back to face you, so with your left hand you can grasp his neck and put your leg forward to throw him. Also pay attention he doesn’t pull his leg clear and do the same to you.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Another good example:}}</p> | + | | <p>[13] {{red|b=1|Another good example:}}</p> |
<p>'''H'''e has his dagger in hand, and wants to stab you from below, and your dagger is still sheathed, then don’t pull. Fall in quickly with your left hand on top of his right hand, and with your right, push the blade underneath to pry it free, as shown above, thus you take his dagger and immediately step with the right foot to him, and with your left, shove(punch?) forward so you can work with his dagger.</p> | <p>'''H'''e has his dagger in hand, and wants to stab you from below, and your dagger is still sheathed, then don’t pull. Fall in quickly with your left hand on top of his right hand, and with your right, push the blade underneath to pry it free, as shown above, thus you take his dagger and immediately step with the right foot to him, and with your left, shove(punch?) forward so you can work with his dagger.</p> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|When someone stabs you from above, then know the below technique also:}}</p> | + | | <p>[14] {{red|b=1|When someone stabs you from above, then know the below technique also:}}</p> |
<p>'''I'''f you struggle against someone and he is stronger than you, hold yourself fast against him. If he holds his dagger in the (stance?) as with the ''ober-stich'', so grab your dagger to an ''unter-stich''. If he then pulls back and stabs again at you, then you pull also, and with the left hand grasp forward at his dagger and drive from below up on his dagger, and hold yourself with your head fast from him as it is shown above. Immediately bend his right hand with your dagger and grasp him by the right arm, and with the point of the dagger and the left hand, hold his arm tightly. With the right hand snatch upward to you take his dagger.</p> | <p>'''I'''f you struggle against someone and he is stronger than you, hold yourself fast against him. If he holds his dagger in the (stance?) as with the ''ober-stich'', so grab your dagger to an ''unter-stich''. If he then pulls back and stabs again at you, then you pull also, and with the left hand grasp forward at his dagger and drive from below up on his dagger, and hold yourself with your head fast from him as it is shown above. Immediately bend his right hand with your dagger and grasp him by the right arm, and with the point of the dagger and the left hand, hold his arm tightly. With the right hand snatch upward to you take his dagger.</p> | ||
| Line 288: | Line 288: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> | + | | <p>[15] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> |
<p>When he goes beneath your dagger with his, and wants to wrench the dagger from you, then step with your right foot towards him, and with your left (hand) shove in on his right under the pommel of the dagger and tug the dagger quickly to you, so that you gain the advantage.</p> | <p>When he goes beneath your dagger with his, and wants to wrench the dagger from you, then step with your right foot towards him, and with your left (hand) shove in on his right under the pommel of the dagger and tug the dagger quickly to you, so that you gain the advantage.</p> | ||
| Line 294: | Line 294: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p> | + | | <p>[16] {{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p> |
<p>'''I'''f someone wants to stab at you from below: fall in downwards with both hands to his arm, so that your right hand is at his hand and your left hand is at his arm then immediately lift the arm to you, turn yourself around and pull his arm to your left shoulder as shown above, and draw downwards so that you break his arm.</p> | <p>'''I'''f someone wants to stab at you from below: fall in downwards with both hands to his arm, so that your right hand is at his hand and your left hand is at his arm then immediately lift the arm to you, turn yourself around and pull his arm to your left shoulder as shown above, and draw downwards so that you break his arm.</p> | ||
| Line 300: | Line 300: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> | + | | <p>[17] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> |
<p>If someone does that, when he has your arm and he wants to turn around: move your right hand to his neck and step with your right leg to him, and with the left hand grasp one of his legs and pull it to you so that he falls on his face.</p> | <p>If someone does that, when he has your arm and he wants to turn around: move your right hand to his neck and step with your right leg to him, and with the left hand grasp one of his legs and pull it to you so that he falls on his face.</p> | ||
| Line 306: | Line 306: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|With empty hand against a lower-thrust.}}</p> | + | | <p>[18] {{red|b=1|With empty hand against a lower-thrust.}}</p> |
<p>{{red|b=1|Note}} here a good example: If someone has a dagger and you do not, and they run at you with a thrust from below, do not be frightened and stand fast. As you see him make the thrust, fall in with your right hand on his right hand, behind his dagger, and put your left hand on his elbow from underneath. With your right(sic) hand shove his elbow away from you and pull his right hand behind his back, so you break his arm and he falls.</p> | <p>{{red|b=1|Note}} here a good example: If someone has a dagger and you do not, and they run at you with a thrust from below, do not be frightened and stand fast. As you see him make the thrust, fall in with your right hand on his right hand, behind his dagger, and put your left hand on his elbow from underneath. With your right(sic) hand shove his elbow away from you and pull his right hand behind his back, so you break his arm and he falls.</p> | ||
| Line 313: | Line 313: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|A counter against that}}</p> | + | | <p>[19] {{red|b=1|A counter against that}}</p> |
<p>If you stab at someone and he will catch or grip your arm in his hand, strike with your left hand onto his right arm from below and pull the dagger towards him so that you push it off (his hand?).</p> | <p>If you stab at someone and he will catch or grip your arm in his hand, strike with your left hand onto his right arm from below and pull the dagger towards him so that you push it off (his hand?).</p> | ||
| Line 319: | Line 319: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|A very good, hidden example}}</p> | + | | <p>[20] {{red|b=1|A very good, hidden example}}</p> |
<p>{{red|b=1|I}}f he has pulled his dagger and you have not, and he runs at you, then hurry to him—then when he wants to thrust from below to you, fall in with your left arm on his right arm and seize the dagger-arm from beneath around (''zu handt'') so you have him by the elbow with your right hand, and pull towards you, and with the left hand behind him onto his back, and with your right hand seize him by the elbow on his right side and hold fast. If he pulls to force you to fall, then set yourself down on his knee so that your right hand is freed. Thus you can do with him what you like.</p> | <p>{{red|b=1|I}}f he has pulled his dagger and you have not, and he runs at you, then hurry to him—then when he wants to thrust from below to you, fall in with your left arm on his right arm and seize the dagger-arm from beneath around (''zu handt'') so you have him by the elbow with your right hand, and pull towards you, and with the left hand behind him onto his back, and with your right hand seize him by the elbow on his right side and hold fast. If he pulls to force you to fall, then set yourself down on his knee so that your right hand is freed. Thus you can do with him what you like.</p> | ||
| Line 325: | Line 325: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> | + | | <p>[21] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> |
<p>If someone does this to you: when you see that he wants to fall in on your arm, and pull it to you, and with the left hand shove in front of you.</p> | <p>If someone does this to you: when you see that he wants to fall in on your arm, and pull it to you, and with the left hand shove in front of you.</p> | ||
| Line 331: | Line 331: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Yet another unterstich}}</p> | + | | <p>[22] {{red|b=1|Yet another unterstich}}</p> |
<p>'''I'''f someone runs in at you with an ''under-stich'', then fall in with your left hand on his right arm behind the dagger, and hold fast, and with the right hand fall on the blade and pry it below so that the point of his dagger comes to his leg, as shown here, and against this, use the counter above.</p> | <p>'''I'''f someone runs in at you with an ''under-stich'', then fall in with your left hand on his right arm behind the dagger, and hold fast, and with the right hand fall on the blade and pry it below so that the point of his dagger comes to his leg, as shown here, and against this, use the counter above.</p> | ||
| Line 337: | Line 337: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Note the ''mittel-stich'' with its examples}}</p> | + | | <p>[23] {{red|b=1|Note the ''mittel-stich'' with its examples}}</p> |
<p>'''I'''f someone wants to stab at your chest with a ''mittel-stich'', When you see the attack coming, grasp with your right hand behind his dagger and your left on his elbow as it is shown above, and put your leg forward so you throw him.</p> | <p>'''I'''f someone wants to stab at your chest with a ''mittel-stich'', When you see the attack coming, grasp with your right hand behind his dagger and your left on his elbow as it is shown above, and put your leg forward so you throw him.</p> | ||
| Line 344: | Line 344: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> | + | | <p>[24] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> |
<p>If someone likewise has you by the arm, and strike with your left hand up from below on his right hand, and tug your right hand to you so that you can make another thrust.</p> | <p>If someone likewise has you by the arm, and strike with your left hand up from below on his right hand, and tug your right hand to you so that you can make another thrust.</p> | ||
| Line 350: | Line 350: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p> | + | | <p>[25] {{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p> |
<p>'''I'''f someone thrusts a ''mittel-stich'' at you: grasp with your right hand in at his right hand under the dagger, and with the left hand drive forwards onto the neck as shown above, and throw him over a leg. Counter: That which was mentioned before.</p> | <p>'''I'''f someone thrusts a ''mittel-stich'' at you: grasp with your right hand in at his right hand under the dagger, and with the left hand drive forwards onto the neck as shown above, and throw him over a leg. Counter: That which was mentioned before.</p> | ||
| Line 356: | Line 356: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Yet another good example}}</p> | + | | <p>[26] {{red|b=1|Yet another good example}}</p> |
<p>{{red|b=1|If}} someone thrusts a ''zwerch'' or ''ober stich'' at you, parry that with your right hand as before and drag in the right hand to the rear and release your left hand, and grasp that with below through his legs, and lift up, and with your right hand shove him above so he falls on his (nose).</p> | <p>{{red|b=1|If}} someone thrusts a ''zwerch'' or ''ober stich'' at you, parry that with your right hand as before and drag in the right hand to the rear and release your left hand, and grasp that with below through his legs, and lift up, and with your right hand shove him above so he falls on his (nose).</p> | ||
| Line 362: | Line 362: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <p>{{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>[27] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p> |
| − | <p>If he thrusts at you with the thrust as written above, and he wants to | + | <p>If he thrusts at you with the thrust as written above, and he wants to parry you with the thrust in the parry or with the (arm hand) so seize with your left hand below through your both arms and grasp that with the point of the dagger, and break his arm in front of you below. End.</p> |
| − | parry you with the thrust in the parry or with the (arm hand) so seize | + | | class="noline" | {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|5|lbl=-}} |
| − | with your left hand below through your both arms and grasp that with | ||
| − | the point of the dagger, and break his arm in front of you below. End.</p> | ||
| − | | {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|5|lbl=-}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | ! [[Martin Huntsfeld|100v - 104v]] | + | ! {{nowrap|[[Martin Huntsfeld|100v - 104v]]}} |
| Short sword fencing by [[Martin Huntsfeld]] | | Short sword fencing by [[Martin Huntsfeld]] | ||
| Line 387: | Line 384: | ||
{{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}} | {{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}} | ||
{{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}} | {{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|Ⅰr|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|Ⅰv|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|Ⅱr|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|Ⅱv|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|Ⅲr|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|Ⅲv|ph=1}} | ||
{{image|MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg|Folio 1r}} | {{image|MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg|Folio 1r}} | ||
{{image|MS E.1939.65.341 001v.jpg|Folio 1v}} | {{image|MS E.1939.65.341 001v.jpg|Folio 1v}} | ||
| Line 597: | Line 600: | ||
{{image|MS E.1939.65.341 105r.jpg|Folio 105r}} | {{image|MS E.1939.65.341 105r.jpg|Folio 105r}} | ||
{{image|MS E.1939.65.341 105v.jpg|Folio 105v}} | {{image|MS E.1939.65.341 105v.jpg|Folio 105v}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|106r|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|106v|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|107r|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|107v|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|Ⅳr|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|Ⅳv|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|Ⅴr|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|Ⅴv|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|Ⅵr|ph=1}} | ||
| + | {{image|Blank|Ⅵv|ph=1}} | ||
{{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}} | {{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}} | ||
{{image|Cover|Back Cover|ph=1}} | {{image|Cover|Back Cover|ph=1}} | ||
| Line 602: | Line 615: | ||
== Additional Resources == | == Additional Resources == | ||
| − | + | {{bibliography}} | |
| − | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 623: | Line 635: | ||
{{sourcebox | {{sourcebox | ||
| work = Translation (Messer) | | work = Translation (Messer) | ||
| − | | authors = [[Jens P. Kleinau]] | + | | authors = [[translator::Jens P. Kleinau]] |
| source link = http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/06/04/161/ | | source link = http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/06/04/161/ | ||
| source title= The Fencing and Life of Hans Talhoffer | | source title= The Fencing and Life of Hans Talhoffer | ||
| Line 630: | Line 642: | ||
{{sourcebox | {{sourcebox | ||
| work = Translation (Dagger) | | work = Translation (Dagger) | ||
| − | | authors = [[Harrison Ridgeway]] | + | | authors = [[translator::Harrison Ridgeway]] |
| source link = | | source link = | ||
| source title= Private Communication | | source title= Private Communication | ||
| Line 637: | Line 649: | ||
{{sourcebox | {{sourcebox | ||
| work = Transcription | | work = Transcription | ||
| − | | authors = [[Dierk Hagedorn]] | + | | authors = [[transcriber::Dierk Hagedorn]] |
| source link = | | source link = | ||
| source title= [[Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)]] | | source title= [[Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:30, 26 August 2024
| Glasgow Fechtbuch | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MS E.1939.65.341, Kelvingrove Museum Glasgow, United Kingdom | |||||
 A Counter to the Upper Zwerch, fol. 1r | |||||
| |||||
| |||||
| Type | |||||
| Date | 1508 | ||||
| Language(s) | Early New High German | ||||
| Author(s) | |||||
| Material | Paper | ||||
| Size | 107 folia (206 mm x 155 mm) | ||||
| Format | Double-sided; in some sections, one illustration per side with text above | ||||
| External data | Museum catalog entry | ||||
| Treatise scans | Digital scans (1000x1400) | ||||
| Other translations | Deutsch-Übersetzung | ||||
The MS E.1939.65.341 (often called the Glasgow Fechtbuch) is a German fencing manual created in 1508.[1] The original currently rests in the R. L. Scott Collection of the Kelvingrove Museum in Glasgow, United Kingdom. It is a compilation text consisting of treatises on a variety of martial topics, by several different masters who stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer.
The Glasgow Fechtbuch is significant for several reasons. First, it contains the only known version of Sigmund Ain ringeck's gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital that includes illustrations as the text specifies (apparently copied from the originals). It also contains a fragment of the wrestling treatise associated with the Augsburg group which complements that found in the Bauman Fechtbuch. Additionally, the manuscript includes a few treatises whose relation to Liechtenauer's tradition might otherwise be unclear, such as Martin Syber's New Recital and the teachings of the "other masters" of the MS 3227a. Their appearance here goes some way toward authenticating these treatises as connected to Johannes Liechtenauer.
Contents
Provenance
Contents
| 1r - 22r | Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword fencing by Sigmund Ain ringeck (fragment) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22v - 24r | Anonymous treatise on long sword fencing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24v - 25r | Recital on long sword fencing by Martin Syber | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 25v - 26v |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 27r - 29v | Long sword fencing by Andres Juden, Jobs von der Nyssen, Nicklass Prewsñ, and Hans Döbringer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 35r | Illustration of a seated master, probably either Johannes Liechtenauer or Sigmund Ain ringeck | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 35v - 56r | Grappling teachings from the Augsburg group | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 64r - 66r | Grappling by Andre Lignitzer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 67r - 73v | Grappling by Ott Jud | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 74r - 82r | Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing by Sigmund Ain ringeck | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 83r - 84r | Anonymous gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing (fragment) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 84r - 95v | Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing by Pseudo-Peter von Danzig (fragment) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 95v - 97v | Dagger by Martin Huntsfeld | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97v - 100r |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100v - 104v | Short sword fencing by Martin Huntsfeld | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 105r - 105v | Sword and Buckler by Andre Lignitzer |
Gallery
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Additional Resources
The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.
- Jaquet, Daniel; Bartłomiej Walczak (2014). "Liegnitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew? The question of authorship of popular Medieval fighting teachings." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 2(1): 105-148. doi:10.1515/apd-2015-0015.
- Lee, Lucien (2022). "Messerfechten from the Augsburg Tradition." Bauman's Fight Book: Augsburg University Library Ⅰ.6.4º 2: 129-156. Ed. by Michael Chidester. Medford, MA: HEMA Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1-953683-27-4.
- Tobler, Christian Henry (2010). Messer Fighting from the Glasgow Fechtbuch. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press.
- Tobler, Christian Henry (2022). Lance, Spear, Sword, & Messer: A German Medieval Martial Arts Miscellany. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press. ISBN 978-1-937439-64-4.
References
Copyright and License Summary
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
| Work | Author(s) | Source | License |
|---|---|---|---|
| Images |  |
||
| Translation (Messer) | Jens P. Kleinau | The Fencing and Life of Hans Talhoffer |  |
| Translation (Dagger) | Harrison Ridgeway | Private Communication |  |
| Transcription | Dierk Hagedorn | Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341) | |
