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<!----------Name---------->
 
<!----------Name---------->
 
| name              = [[name::Glasgow Fechtbuch]]
 
| name              = [[name::Glasgow Fechtbuch]]
| location          = [[inventory::MS E.1939.65.341]], [[museum::Glasgow Museums]]<br/>Glasgow, United Kingdom
+
| location          = [[inventory::MS E.1939.65.341]], [[museum::Kelvingrove Museum]]<br/>Glasgow, United Kingdom
 
<!----------Image---------->
 
<!----------Image---------->
 
| image              = File:MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg
 
| image              = File:MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg
| width              = 150px
+
| width              = x200px
 
| caption            = A Counter to the Upper Zwerch, fol. 1r
 
| caption            = A Counter to the Upper Zwerch, fol. 1r
 +
| keyimage          = File:MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg
 
<!----------General---------->
 
<!----------General---------->
| Index number      = [[WI::]]
+
| Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::SE]]
| Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::]]
+
| Wierschin's catalog= —
| Hils' catalog      = [[HK::]]
+
| Hils' catalog      = —
| Beck catalog      = [[BC::38.1.2]]
+
| Beck catalog      = [http://kdih.badw.de/datenbank/handschrift/38/1/2 38.1.2] {{#set:BC=38.1.2}}
 
| Also known as      =  
 
| Also known as      =  
| Type              = {{plainlist | [[type::Fencing manual]] | [[type::Wrestling manual]] }}
+
| Type              = {{plainlist
 +
| [[type::Fencing manual]]
 +
| [[type::Wrestling manual]]
 +
}}
 
| Date              = [[year::1508]]
 
| Date              = [[year::1508]]
 
| Place of origin    =  
 
| Place of origin    =  
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| Scribe(s)          =  
 
| Scribe(s)          =  
 
| Author(s)          = {{collapsible list
 
| Author(s)          = {{collapsible list
 +
| [[author::Sigmund Ain ringeck]]
 
  | [[author::Andres Juden]]
 
  | [[author::Andres Juden]]
 
  | [[author::Hans Döbringer]]
 
  | [[author::Hans Döbringer]]
  | [[author::Martin Huntfeltz]]
+
  | [[author::Martin Huntsfeld]]
 
  | [[author::Johannes Liechtenauer]]
 
  | [[author::Johannes Liechtenauer]]
  | [[author::Andre Liegniczer]]
+
  | [[author::Andre Lignitzer]]
 
  | [[author::Jobs von der Nissen]]
 
  | [[author::Jobs von der Nissen]]
 
  | [[author::Ott Jud]]
 
  | [[author::Ott Jud]]
 
  | [[author::Nicklass Preußen]]
 
  | [[author::Nicklass Preußen]]
| [[author::Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck]]
 
 
  | [[author::Martin Syber]]
 
  | [[author::Martin Syber]]
 
}}
 
}}
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<!----------Form and content---------->
 
<!----------Form and content---------->
 
| Material          = Paper
 
| Material          = Paper
| Size              = 105 [[folia]]
+
| Size              = 107 [[folia]] (206 mm x 155 mm)
| Format            = Double-sided; in some <br/>sections, one illustration <br/>per side with text above
+
| Format            = Double-sided; in some sections, one <br/>illustration per side with text above
 
| Condition          =  
 
| Condition          =  
| Script            = [[script::Bastarda]]
+
| Script            =  
 
| Contents          =  
 
| Contents          =  
 
| Illumination(s)    =  
 
| Illumination(s)    =  
Line 46: Line 50:
 
| Previously kept    =  
 
| Previously kept    =  
 
| Discovered        =  
 
| Discovered        =  
| Website            = [http://collections.glasgowmuseums.com/starobject.html?oid=241651 Library catalog entry]
+
| Website            = [http://collections.glasgowmuseums.com/mwebcgi/mweb?request{{=}}record;id{{=}}241651;type{{=}}101 Museum catalog entry]
 
| Images            = [[:category:MS E.1939.65.341|Digital scans]] (1000x1400)
 
| Images            = [[:category:MS E.1939.65.341|Digital scans]] (1000x1400)
| Translations      = {{German translation|http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/05/04/161/|1}}
+
| Translations      = {{German translation|http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/06/04/161/|1}}
 
| below              =  
 
| below              =  
 
}}
 
}}
The '''MS E.1939.65.341''' is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] created in 1508.<ref>Internally dated on [[page:MS E.1939.65.341 022r.jpg|folio 22r]].</ref> The original currently rests in the R. L. Scott Collection of the [[Glasgow Museums]] in Glasgow, United Kingdom. It is a compilation text consisting of treatises on a variety of martial topics, by several different masters who stood in the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]].
+
The '''MS E.1939.65.341''' (often called the Glasgow Fechtbuch) is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] created in 1508.<ref>Internally dated on [[page:MS E.1939.65.341 022r.jpg|folio 22r]].</ref> The original currently rests in the R. L. Scott Collection of the [[Kelvingrove Museum]] in Glasgow, United Kingdom. It is a compilation text consisting of treatises on a variety of martial topics, by several different masters who stood in the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]].
  
The Glasgow Fechtbuch is significant for several reasons. First, it contains the only known version of [[Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck]]'s gloss of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]'s ''Recital'' that includes Ringeck's original illustrations. It also contains a fragment of the wrestling treatise associated with the [[Nuremberg group]] which compliments that found in the [[codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Codex Wallerstein]]. Additionally, the manuscript includes a few treatises whose relation to Liechtenauer's tradition might otherwise be unclear, such as [[Martin Syber]]'s ''New Recital'' and the teachings of the "[[other Masters (14th Century)|other masters]]" of the [[Nuremberg Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227a]]. Their appearance here goes some way toward authenticating these treatises as connected to Johannes Liechtenauer.
+
The Glasgow Fechtbuch is significant for several reasons. First, it contains the only known version of [[Sigmund Ain ringeck]]'s gloss of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]'s ''Recital'' that includes illustrations as the text specifies (apparently copied from the originals). It also contains a fragment of the wrestling treatise associated with the [[Augsburg group]] which complements that found in the [[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.4º.2)|Bauman Fechtbuch]]. Additionally, the manuscript includes a few treatises whose relation to Liechtenauer's tradition might otherwise be unclear, such as [[Martin Syber]]'s ''New Recital'' and the teachings of the "[[other Masters (14th Century)|other masters]]" of the [[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227<sup>a</sup>]]. Their appearance here goes some way toward authenticating these treatises as connected to Johannes Liechtenauer.
  
 
== Provenance ==
 
== Provenance ==
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{| class="treatise"
 
{| class="treatise"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! id="page" | [[Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck|1r - 22r]]
+
! id="page" | [[Sigmund Ain ringeck|1r - 22r]]
| [[Gloss]] of Liechtenauer's [[Bloßfechten]] by Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck (fragment)
+
| [[Gloss]] of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on [[long sword]] fencing by [[Sigmund Ain ringeck]] (fragment)
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck|22v - 24r]]
+
! [[Stuck im aufstreichen|22v - 24r]]
| Additional [[long sword]] material by Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck
+
| Anonymous treatise on [[long sword]] fencing
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! [[Martin Syber|24v - 25r]]
 
! [[Martin Syber|24v - 25r]]
| Long sword by Martin Syber
+
| Recital on long sword fencing by [[Martin Syber]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! 25v - 26v
 
! 25v - 26v
 
| {{treatise begin
 
| {{treatise begin
   | title = Anonymous [[Messer]] devices
+
   | title = Anonymous Messer teachings
   | width = 56em
+
   | width = 60em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="wikitable floated master"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jens P. Kleinau]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jens P. Kleinau]]</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p><br/></p>
+
| <p>[1] </p>
  
 
<p>So if someone wants to hit or stab you, so position yourself. Put your left foot forward and hold your Messer with your hand near your right hip. As soon as he tries to get your head with a hew, step to him with the simple displacement, where the long edge is above. And jump with your right foot to him at his left side and hit him to the head or any place where you can reach him, he is at your mercy.</p>
 
<p>So if someone wants to hit or stab you, so position yourself. Put your left foot forward and hold your Messer with your hand near your right hip. As soon as he tries to get your head with a hew, step to him with the simple displacement, where the long edge is above. And jump with your right foot to him at his left side and hit him to the head or any place where you can reach him, he is at your mercy.</p>
Line 92: Line 96:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>{{red|b=1|Another piece [from the same beginning]}}</p>
+
| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|Another piece [from the same beginning]}}</p>
  
 
<p>So when he is hitting you from the Roof, so put your right foot forward and displace him. Then jump outside to his right side in the triangle and hit him or stab him where you like. And when you will jump, then lift the other foot a little, so you can better jump beyond him.</p>
 
<p>So when he is hitting you from the Roof, so put your right foot forward and displace him. Then jump outside to his right side in the triangle and hit him or stab him where you like. And when you will jump, then lift the other foot a little, so you can better jump beyond him.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>{{red|b=1|More a stand at fencer’s option}}</p>
+
| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|More a stand at fencer’s option}}</p>
  
 
<p>So put your right foot forward and hold your messer in an angle the point is downwards. As soon as he hits from above, shoot up your Messer and displace him. Then jump to his right side in the triangle and hit him at his head or stab him.</p>
 
<p>So put your right foot forward and hold your messer in an angle the point is downwards. As soon as he hits from above, shoot up your Messer and displace him. Then jump to his right side in the triangle and hit him at his head or stab him.</p>
Line 104: Line 108:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>{{red|b=1|But a stand}}</p>
+
| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|But a stand}}</p>
  
 
<p>So as one fences long from below to you, so stand with your left foot forward, and lift your Messer above the leg in the changeover. As soon as he fences to you, raise up high your Messer until the handle is over you and the point points downwards, and displace that way (and this displacement is called ''Zoll''<ref>A measure of length.</ref> displacement) and jump outside of his left side in the triangle and hit or stab.</p>
 
<p>So as one fences long from below to you, so stand with your left foot forward, and lift your Messer above the leg in the changeover. As soon as he fences to you, raise up high your Messer until the handle is over you and the point points downwards, and displace that way (and this displacement is called ''Zoll''<ref>A measure of length.</ref> displacement) and jump outside of his left side in the triangle and hit or stab.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>{{red|b=1|That is a stand of emergency}}</p>
+
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|That is a stand of emergency}}</p>
  
 
<p>Mark if someone hits powerfully from the Roof at you, so rise up with the left hand supporting the blade and displace him on your strong. And wind the point to his face, and cut him with the edge down at his hand.</p>
 
<p>Mark if someone hits powerfully from the Roof at you, so rise up with the left hand supporting the blade and displace him on your strong. And wind the point to his face, and cut him with the edge down at his hand.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>{{red|b=1|But a good piece or stand}}</p>
+
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|But a good piece or stand}}</p>
  
 
<p>So as someone thrusts at you from below, so put your right foot forward and take your Messer in the middle-hew. And hit him crossways at his Messer and dismiss the thrust aside. And turn your Messer at his Messer and step with your left foot forward and rotate the Messer over your head and hit and stab.</p>
 
<p>So as someone thrusts at you from below, so put your right foot forward and take your Messer in the middle-hew. And hit him crossways at his Messer and dismiss the thrust aside. And turn your Messer at his Messer and step with your left foot forward and rotate the Messer over your head and hit and stab.</p>
Line 122: Line 126:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>{{red|b=1|But a piece versus the heavy arms}}</p>
+
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|But a piece versus the heavy arms}}</p>
  
 
<p>So as someone hits you from the Roof with a heavy weapon, so displace this with the left hand supporting the blade and turn the point against his face. Then thrust him too his breast or step with your left foot behind his right foot, good in balance, and go with the Messer at his throat and throw him.</p>
 
<p>So as someone hits you from the Roof with a heavy weapon, so displace this with the left hand supporting the blade and turn the point against his face. Then thrust him too his breast or step with your left foot behind his right foot, good in balance, and go with the Messer at his throat and throw him.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>{{red|b=1|But a piece and a thrust}}</p>
+
| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|But a piece and a thrust}}</p>
  
 
<p>So as someone thrust below to you, so put your left foot forward and hold your Messer above your right leg in the changeover. As soon as he thrusts or hits step near and displace, let the point points down and displace with the half-displacement, catch the Messer with the left arm. Then let your Messer simply go up and cut him through the mouth.</p>
 
<p>So as someone thrust below to you, so put your left foot forward and hold your Messer above your right leg in the changeover. As soon as he thrusts or hits step near and displace, let the point points down and displace with the half-displacement, catch the Messer with the left arm. Then let your Messer simply go up and cut him through the mouth.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>{{red|b=1|A taking of the messer}}</p>
+
| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|A taking of the messer}}</p>
  
 
<p>So as you hit to someone from the Roof and he displaces your blow with the simple displacement, so grasp in his Messer with your left hand so that the thumb points to the hand, which holds the Messer, and drive him the Messer out of his hand and throw it away.</p>
 
<p>So as you hit to someone from the Roof and he displaces your blow with the simple displacement, so grasp in his Messer with your left hand so that the thumb points to the hand, which holds the Messer, and drive him the Messer out of his hand and throw it away.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>{{red|b=1|But a grasping movement}}</p>
+
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|But a grasping movement}}</p>
  
 
<p>So as one hits you from the roof, so raise up the reverted hand with the displacement. Move your handle from the outside over his arm (at the wrist) and grasp him (with your left hand) at the elbow and lift it high and pull his arm down (with the Messer hand) so that he falls on his face. You have to screw his arm with the Messer accurately.</p>
 
<p>So as one hits you from the roof, so raise up the reverted hand with the displacement. Move your handle from the outside over his arm (at the wrist) and grasp him (with your left hand) at the elbow and lift it high and pull his arm down (with the Messer hand) so that he falls on his face. You have to screw his arm with the Messer accurately.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>{{red|b=1|A piece for escaping, and this is a emergency stand, when you cannot move back or forward.}}</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[11] {{red|b=1|A piece from scabbards, and this is a emergency stand, when you cannot move back or forward.}}</p>
  
 
<p>So mark as someone stabs or hits at you, so take your Messer in the middle-hew and that your right foot stands forward. And as soon as he himself at you… so hew from your side from the Roof simply above off, and jump him out of the way at his right side in the triangle and hit him at his right arm.</p>
 
<p>So mark as someone stabs or hits at you, so take your Messer in the middle-hew and that your right foot stands forward. And as soon as he himself at you… so hew from your side from the Roof simply above off, and jump him out of the way at his right side in the triangle and hit him at his right arm.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 026v.jpg|1|lbl=26v}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 026v.jpg|1|lbl=26v}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
! [[Other Masters (14th Century)|27r - 29v]]
 
! [[Other Masters (14th Century)|27r - 29v]]
| Additional long sword material by Andres Juden, Jobs von der Nyssen, Nicklass Prewsñ, and Hans Döbringer
+
| Long sword fencing by [[Andres Juden]], [[Jobs von der Nyssen]], [[Nicklass Prewsñ]], and [[Hans Döbringer]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! [[:file:MS E.1939.65.341 035r.jpg|35r]]
 
! [[:file:MS E.1939.65.341 035r.jpg|35r]]
| Image of a seated master, probably either Johannes Liechtenauer or Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck
+
| Illustration of a seated master, probably either Johannes Liechtenauer or Sigmund Ain ringeck
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Nuremberg Group|35v - 56r]]
+
! [[Augsburg Group|35v - 56r]]
| [[Grappling]] teachings from the Nuremberg group
+
| [[Grappling]] teachings from the [[Augsburg group]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Andre Liegniczer|64r - 66r]]
+
! [[Andre Lignitzer|64r - 66r]]
| Grappling by Andre Liegniczer
+
| Grappling by [[Andre Lignitzer]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! [[Ott Jud|67r - 73v]]
 
! [[Ott Jud|67r - 73v]]
| Grappling by Ott Jud
+
| Grappling by [[Ott Jud]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck|74r - 82r]]
+
! [[Sigmund Ain ringeck|74r - 82r]]
| Gloss of Liechtenauer's [[Roßfechten]] by Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck
+
| Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing by [[Sigmund Ain ringeck]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck|83r - 84r]]
+
! [[Glasgow Gloss Fragment|83r - 84r]]
| Gloss of Liechtenauer's [[Kampffechten]] by Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck (fragment)
+
| Anonymous gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing (fragment)
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig|84r - 95v]]
 
! [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig|84r - 95v]]
| Gloss of Liechtenauer's [[Kampffechten]] by Pseudo-Peter von Danzig (fragment)
+
| Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing by [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]] (fragment)
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Martin Huntfeltz|95v - 97v]]
+
! [[Martin Huntsfeld|95v - 97v]]
| [[Dagger]] by Martin Huntfeltz
+
| [[Dagger]] by [[Martin Huntsfeld]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! 97v - 100r
 
! 97v - 100r
 
| {{treatise begin
 
| {{treatise begin
   | title = Anonymous [[dagger]] devices
+
   | title = Anonymous dagger teachings
   | width = 56em
+
   | width = 60em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="wikitable floated master"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
+
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Harrison Ridgeway]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|A very good lesson to know:}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Note, when you are warring with someone, stand just back from him and place your left foot forward and lay your left hand in front on the chest, and notice what he does with his dagger.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 097v.jpg|2|lbl=97v}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 097v.jpg|2|lbl=97v}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[2] If he takes the dagger in the hand such that the blade goes out underneath the hand, then he wants to thrust from above to you. If he draws his dagger-hand back across his chest and steps forward with his right foot, then he wants to throw a ''mittel-stich''. If he holds the dagger in the hand, such that the blade is above going out by his thumb, then he wants to stab up from below. As soon as you see that he threatens you, get close-by him thus his thrust will have no power, and always pay attention to how he holds the dagger.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 097v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 097v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|Also know}} that if you want to do this, but he stands back from you, you should be well aware that he is waiting for you with skill. When you notice this, then thrust with careful judgement. If you see that he wants to thrust, then counter it with one of the examples you will learn next.</p>
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 097v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|An example}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|M}}ark, if you see someone comes fast with their dagger for a thrust below and intends to go through to thrust, hold yourself close against him and place your left leg forward, and the left hand at your chest. When he stabs at you, go in with your left hand to his right hand and (wrench?) his hand around and away from you, and with your dagger, stab him in the chest or wherever you like as it is shown above.</p>
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 097v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|Another good example}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''I'''f he stabs you from above at your head or at your breast: With your right hand inverted, drive upwards from below under his right hand, and grasp him by the arm. With the left hand over his right arm, set the dagger away from you so you take it from him, or throw him over a leg as it is shown above.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098r.jpg|1|lbl=98r}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098r.jpg|1|lbl=98r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|Another good example}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|If he has}} pulled his dagger and you have not, and he wants to stab at you with an ''ober-stich'', fall in with your left hand under his right hand near by to the dagger, and hold firm with your inverted right hand on your left, then wrench upwards so that you take the dagger as it is shown above.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Further note, if someone goes to take your dagger (in that way), when he grasps your hand, pull (your hand) to yourself and strike his left arm with your left hand, so you keep hold of your dagger.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|Another dagger example}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Whether you}} are in armour or not, and your dagger is in the sheath when someone stabs at your with an ''ober-stich'', have both your hands crossed in front of you at the belly with the right hand on top of the left, and the left leg standing forward. Wait for when he thrusts at you and drive up with both hands under his dagger, and catch the thrust as shown above. With your reversed left hand, grasp his right arm and break it, so you take his dagger.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>But if he wants to do that to you, then step with your right leg behind his left foot and with the left hand, take the balance on your right elbow, pull the dagger towards you and shove him over your knee.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|If}} a peasant wants to stab at you, see when he will drive his thrust and fall with your left hand on his right hand, and push him backwards. With the right hand seize the blade of his dagger and drive it towards his belly, and pull the dagger or shove him over a leg.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098v.jpg|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
 
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098v.jpg|1|lbl=98v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If someone wants to do that to you, then when he wants to grasp your hand, pull the right beneath out of the way, and with the right leg step towards him, and with your left hand take the [''gewicht''] on his right arm, or shove him against your leg so you gain the advantage.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[12] {{red|b=1|Example for the ''unter-stich''}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''I'''f someone wants to stab you from below, see that you immediately grasp him with your right hand by his right hand, and with your left hand on his right arm. Pull him to you so you force his side or his back to face you, so with your left hand you can grasp his neck and put your leg forward to throw him. Also pay attention he doesn’t pull his leg clear and do the same to you.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[13] {{red|b=1|Another good example:}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''H'''e has his dagger in hand, and wants to stab you from below, and your dagger is still sheathed, then don’t pull. Fall in quickly with your left hand on top of his right hand, and with your right, push the blade underneath to pry it free, as shown above, thus you take his dagger and immediately step with the right foot to him, and with your left, shove(punch?) forward so you can work with his dagger.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[14] {{red|b=1|When someone stabs you from above, then know the below technique also:}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''I'''f you struggle against someone and he is stronger than you, hold yourself fast against him. If he holds his dagger in the (stance?) as with the ''ober-stich'', so grab your dagger to an ''unter-stich''. If he then pulls back and stabs again at you, then you pull also, and with the left hand grasp forward at his dagger and drive from below up on his dagger, and hold yourself with your head fast from him as it is shown above. Immediately bend his right hand with your dagger and grasp him by the right arm, and with the point of the dagger and the left hand, hold his arm tightly. With the right hand snatch upward to you take his dagger.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099r.jpg|1|lbl=99r|p=1}}
 
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 098v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099r.jpg|1|lbl=99r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When he goes beneath your dagger with his, and wants to wrench the dagger from you, then step with your right foot towards him, and with your left (hand) shove in on his right under the pommel of the dagger and tug the dagger quickly to you, so that you gain the advantage.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[16] {{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''I'''f someone wants to stab at you from below: fall in downwards with both hands to his arm, so that your right hand is at his hand and your left hand is at his arm then immediately lift the arm to you, turn yourself around and pull his arm to your left shoulder as shown above, and draw downwards so that you break his arm.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If someone does that, when he has your arm and he wants to turn around: move your right hand to his neck and step with your right leg to him, and with the left hand grasp one of his legs and pull it to you so that he falls on his face.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|With empty hand against a lower-thrust.}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Note}} here a good example: If someone has a dagger and you do not, and they run at you with a thrust from below, do not be frightened and stand fast. As you see him make the thrust, fall in with your right hand on his right hand, behind his dagger, and put your left hand on his elbow from underneath. With your right(sic) hand shove his elbow away from you and pull his right hand behind his back, so you break his arm and he falls.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099r.jpg|5|lbl=99r|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099v.jpg|1|lbl=99v|p=1}}
 
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099r.jpg|5|lbl=99r|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099v.jpg|1|lbl=99v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[19] {{red|b=1|A counter against that}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you stab at someone and he will catch or grip your arm in his hand, strike with your left hand onto his right arm from below and pull the dagger towards him so that you push it off (his hand?).</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[20] {{red|b=1|A very good, hidden example}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|I}}f he has pulled his dagger and you have not, and he runs at you, then hurry to him—then when he wants to thrust from below to you, fall in with your left arm on his right arm and seize the dagger-arm from beneath around (''zu handt'') so you have him by the elbow with your right hand, and pull towards you, and with the left hand behind him onto his back, and with your right hand seize him by the elbow on his right side and hold fast. If he pulls to force you to fall, then set yourself down on his knee so that your right hand is freed. Thus you can do with him what you like.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[21] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If someone does this to you: when you see that he wants to fall in on your arm, and pull it to you, and with the left hand shove in front of you.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|Yet another unterstich}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''I'''f someone runs in at you with an ''under-stich'', then fall in with your left hand on his right arm behind the dagger, and hold fast, and with the right hand fall on the blade and pry it below so that the point of his dagger comes to his leg, as shown here, and against this, use the counter above.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|Note the ''mittel-stich'' with its examples}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''I'''f someone wants to stab at your chest with a ''mittel-stich'', When you see the attack coming, grasp with your right hand behind his dagger and your left on his elbow as it is shown above, and put your leg forward so you throw him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099v.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|1|lbl=100r|p=1}}
 
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 099v.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|1|lbl=100r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[24] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If someone likewise has you by the arm, and strike with your left hand up from below on his right hand, and tug your right hand to you so that you can make another thrust.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[25] {{red|b=1|Yet another example}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''I'''f someone thrusts a ''mittel-stich'' at you: grasp with your right hand in at his right hand under the dagger, and with the left hand drive forwards onto the neck as shown above, and throw him over a leg. Counter: That which was mentioned before.</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|Yet another good example}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|If}} someone thrusts a ''zwerch'' or ''ober stich'' at you, parry that with your right hand as before and drag in the right hand to the rear and release your left hand, and grasp that with below through his legs, and lift up, and with your right hand shove him above so he falls on his (nose).</p>
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| class="noline" | <p>[27] {{red|b=1|Counter}}</p>
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
<p>If he thrusts at you with the thrust as written above, and he wants to parry you with the thrust in the parry or with the (arm hand) so seize with your left hand below through your both arms and grasp that with the point of the dagger, and break his arm in front of you below. End.</p>
 +
| class="noline" | {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 100r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
Line 309: Line 371:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Martin Huntfeltz|100v - 104v]]
+
! {{nowrap|[[Martin Huntsfeld|100v&nbsp;-&nbsp;104v]]}}
| [[Armored fencing]] by Martin Huntfeltz
+
| Short sword fencing by [[Martin Huntsfeld]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Andre Liegniczer|105r - 105v]]
+
! [[Andre Lignitzer|105r - 105v]]
| [[Arming Sword|Sword]] and [[Buckler]] by Andre Liegniczer
+
| [[Sword and Buckler]] by [[Andre Lignitzer]]
  
 
|}
 
|}
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{{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}}
 
{{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}}
 
{{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}}
 
{{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|Ⅰr|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|Ⅰv|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|Ⅱr|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|Ⅱv|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|Ⅲr|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|Ⅲv|ph=1}}
 
{{image|MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg|Folio 1r}}
 
{{image|MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg|Folio 1r}}
 
{{image|MS E.1939.65.341 001v.jpg|Folio 1v}}
 
{{image|MS E.1939.65.341 001v.jpg|Folio 1v}}
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{{image|MS E.1939.65.341 105r.jpg|Folio 105r}}
 
{{image|MS E.1939.65.341 105r.jpg|Folio 105r}}
 
{{image|MS E.1939.65.341 105v.jpg|Folio 105v}}
 
{{image|MS E.1939.65.341 105v.jpg|Folio 105v}}
 +
{{image|Blank|106r|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|106v|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|107r|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|107v|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|Ⅳr|ph=1}}
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{{image|Blank|Ⅳv|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|Ⅴr|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|Ⅴv|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|Ⅵr|ph=1}}
 +
{{image|Blank|Ⅵv|ph=1}}
 
{{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}}
 
{{image|Cover|Inside Cover|ph=1}}
 
{{image|Cover|Back Cover|ph=1}}
 
{{image|Cover|Back Cover|ph=1}}
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== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
* [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler, Christian Henry]]. ''Messer Fighting from the Glasgow Fechtbuch''. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2010.
+
{{bibliography}}
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
Line 556: Line 634:
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
| work        = Translation
+
| work        = Translation (Messer)
| authors    = [[Jens P. Kleinau]]
+
| authors    = [[translator::Jens P. Kleinau]]
 
| source link = http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/06/04/161/
 
| source link = http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/06/04/161/
 
| source title= The Fencing and Life of Hans Talhoffer
 
| source title= The Fencing and Life of Hans Talhoffer
 
| license    = linkware
 
| license    = linkware
 +
}}
 +
{{sourcebox
 +
| work        = Translation (Dagger)
 +
| authors    = [[translator::Harrison Ridgeway]]
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title= Private Communication
 +
| license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = Transcription
 
| work        = Transcription
| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
+
| authors    = [[transcriber::Dierk Hagedorn]]
 
| source link =  
 
| source link =  
 
| source title= [[Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)]]
 
| source title= [[Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)]]
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[[Category:Treatises]]
 
[[Category:Treatises]]
 
[[Category:Manuscripts]]
 
[[Category:Manuscripts]]
 +
[[Category:Content]]
  
 
[[Category:German]]
 
[[Category:German]]
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[[Category:Dagger]]
 
[[Category:Dagger]]
 
[[Category:Messer]]
 
[[Category:Messer]]
 +
 +
[[Category:New format]]

Latest revision as of 19:30, 26 August 2024

Glasgow Fechtbuch
MS E.1939.65.341, Kelvingrove Museum
Glasgow, United Kingdom
MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg
A Counter to the Upper Zwerch, fol. 1r
HagedornSELeng38.1.2
WierschinHils
Type
Date 1508
Language(s) Early New High German
Author(s)
Material Paper
Size 107 folia (206 mm x 155 mm)
Format Double-sided; in some sections, one
illustration per side with text above
External data Museum catalog entry
Treatise scans Digital scans (1000x1400)
Other translations Deutsch-Übersetzung

The MS E.1939.65.341 (often called the Glasgow Fechtbuch) is a German fencing manual created in 1508.[1] The original currently rests in the R. L. Scott Collection of the Kelvingrove Museum in Glasgow, United Kingdom. It is a compilation text consisting of treatises on a variety of martial topics, by several different masters who stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer.

The Glasgow Fechtbuch is significant for several reasons. First, it contains the only known version of Sigmund Ain ringeck's gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital that includes illustrations as the text specifies (apparently copied from the originals). It also contains a fragment of the wrestling treatise associated with the Augsburg group which complements that found in the Bauman Fechtbuch. Additionally, the manuscript includes a few treatises whose relation to Liechtenauer's tradition might otherwise be unclear, such as Martin Syber's New Recital and the teachings of the "other masters" of the MS 3227a. Their appearance here goes some way toward authenticating these treatises as connected to Johannes Liechtenauer.

Provenance

Contents

1r - 22r Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword fencing by Sigmund Ain ringeck (fragment)
22v - 24r Anonymous treatise on long sword fencing
24v - 25r Recital on long sword fencing by Martin Syber
25v - 26v
27r - 29v Long sword fencing by Andres Juden, Jobs von der Nyssen, Nicklass Prewsñ, and Hans Döbringer
35r Illustration of a seated master, probably either Johannes Liechtenauer or Sigmund Ain ringeck
35v - 56r Grappling teachings from the Augsburg group
64r - 66r Grappling by Andre Lignitzer
67r - 73v Grappling by Ott Jud
74r - 82r Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing by Sigmund Ain ringeck
83r - 84r Anonymous gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing (fragment)
84r - 95v Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing by Pseudo-Peter von Danzig (fragment)
95v - 97v Dagger by Martin Huntsfeld
97v - 100r
100v - 104v Short sword fencing by Martin Huntsfeld
105r - 105v Sword and Buckler by Andre Lignitzer

Gallery

Inside Cover
Inside Cover
Ⅰr
Ⅰv
Ⅱr
Ⅱv
Ⅲr
Ⅲv
Folio 1r
MS E.1939.65.341 001r.jpg
Folio 1v
MS E.1939.65.341 001v.jpg
Folio 2r
MS E.1939.65.341 002r.jpg
Folio 2v
MS E.1939.65.341 002v.jpg
Folio 3r
MS E.1939.65.341 003r.jpg
Folio 3v
MS E.1939.65.341 003v.jpg
Folio 4r
MS E.1939.65.341 004r.jpg
Folio 4v
MS E.1939.65.341 004v.jpg
Folio 5r
MS E.1939.65.341 005r.jpg
Folio 5v
MS E.1939.65.341 005v.jpg
Folio 6r
MS E.1939.65.341 006r.jpg
Folio 6v
MS E.1939.65.341 006v.jpg
Folio 7r
MS E.1939.65.341 007r.jpg
Folio 7v
MS E.1939.65.341 007v.jpg
Folio 8r
MS E.1939.65.341 008r.jpg
Folio 8v
MS E.1939.65.341 008v.jpg
Folio 9r
MS E.1939.65.341 009r.jpg
Folio 9v
MS E.1939.65.341 009v.jpg
Folio 10r
MS E.1939.65.341 010r.jpg
Folio 10v
MS E.1939.65.341 010v.jpg
Folio 11r
MS E.1939.65.341 011r.jpg
Folio 11v
MS E.1939.65.341 011v.jpg
Folio 12r
MS E.1939.65.341 012r.jpg
Folio 12v
MS E.1939.65.341 012v.jpg
Folio 13r
MS E.1939.65.341 013r.jpg
Folio 13v
MS E.1939.65.341 013v.jpg
Folio 14r
MS E.1939.65.341 014r.jpg
Folio 14v
MS E.1939.65.341 014v.jpg
Folio 15r
MS E.1939.65.341 015r.jpg
Folio 15v
MS E.1939.65.341 015v.jpg
Folio 16r
MS E.1939.65.341 016r.jpg
Folio 16v
MS E.1939.65.341 016v.jpg
Folio 17r
MS E.1939.65.341 017r.jpg
Folio 17v
MS E.1939.65.341 017v.jpg
Folio 18r
MS E.1939.65.341 018r.jpg
Folio 18v
MS E.1939.65.341 018v.jpg
Folio 19r
MS E.1939.65.341 019r.jpg
Folio 19v
MS E.1939.65.341 019v.jpg
Folio 20r
MS E.1939.65.341 020r.jpg
Folio 20v
MS E.1939.65.341 020v.jpg
Folio 21r
MS E.1939.65.341 021r.jpg
Folio 21v
MS E.1939.65.341 021v.jpg
Folio 22r
MS E.1939.65.341 022r.jpg
Folio 22v
MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg
Folio 23r
MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg
Folio 23v
MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg
Folio 24r
MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg
Folio 24v
MS E.1939.65.341 024v.jpg
Folio 25r
MS E.1939.65.341 025r.jpg
Folio 25v
MS E.1939.65.341 025v.jpg
Folio 26r
MS E.1939.65.341 026r.jpg
Folio 26v
MS E.1939.65.341 026v.jpg
Folio 27r
MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg
Folio 27v
MS E.1939.65.341 027v.jpg
Folio 28r
MS E.1939.65.341 028r.jpg
Folio 28v
MS E.1939.65.341 028v.jpg
Folio 29r
MS E.1939.65.341 029r.jpg
Folio 29v
MS E.1939.65.341 029v.jpg
Folio 30r
MS E.1939.65.341 030r.jpg
Folio 30v
Folio 31r
Folio 31v
Folio 32r
Folio 32v
Folio 33r
Folio 33v
Folio 34r
Folio 34v
Folio 35r
MS E.1939.65.341 035r.jpg
Folio 35v
MS E.1939.65.341 035v.jpg
Folio 36r
MS E.1939.65.341 036r.jpg
Folio 36v
MS E.1939.65.341 036v.jpg
Folio 37r
MS E.1939.65.341 037r.jpg
Folio 37v
MS E.1939.65.341 037v.jpg
Folio 38r
MS E.1939.65.341 038r.jpg
Folio 38v
MS E.1939.65.341 038v.jpg
Folio 39r
MS E.1939.65.341 039r.jpg
Folio 39v
MS E.1939.65.341 039v.jpg
Folio 40r
MS E.1939.65.341 040r.jpg
Folio 40v
MS E.1939.65.341 040v.jpg
Folio 41r
MS E.1939.65.341 041r.jpg
Folio 41v
MS E.1939.65.341 041v.jpg
Folio 42r
MS E.1939.65.341 042r.jpg
Folio 42v
MS E.1939.65.341 042v.jpg
Folio 43r
MS E.1939.65.341 043r.jpg
Folio 43v
MS E.1939.65.341 043v.jpg
Folio 44r
MS E.1939.65.341 044r.jpg
Folio 44v
MS E.1939.65.341 044v.jpg
Folio 45r
MS E.1939.65.341 045r.jpg
Folio 45v
MS E.1939.65.341 045v.jpg
Folio 46r
MS E.1939.65.341 046r.jpg
Folio 46v
MS E.1939.65.341 046v.jpg
Folio 47r
MS E.1939.65.341 047r.jpg
Folio 47v
MS E.1939.65.341 047v.jpg
Folio 48r
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106r
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Ⅳr
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Ⅴr
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Inside Cover
Back Cover

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. Internally dated on folio 22r.
  2. A measure of length.
  3. Corrected from »dein«.
  4. Corrected from »dem«.
  5. Corrected from »dehen«.

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work Author(s) Source License
Images
Public Domain.png
Translation (Messer) Jens P. Kleinau The Fencing and Life of Hans Talhoffer
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Translation (Dagger) Harrison Ridgeway Private Communication
Copyrighted.png
Transcription Dierk Hagedorn Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)
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