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Difference between revisions of "Adam van Breen"

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| rowspan="3" | [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe Title.png|300px|center]]
 
| rowspan="3" | [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe Title.png|300px|center]]
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| <p>'''The Manner of Armes of Nassau''', ''with'' Rotellas, Pikes, Swords, and Targes. ''Represented by Figures according to the new order of the Very Illustrious Prince'' '''Maurice of Nassau''', Governor, Admiral, and Captain-General of the United Provinces of Netherlands, etc.</p>
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| <p>'''The Wielding of Arms of Nassau''', ''with'' Rotellas, Pikes, Swords, and Targes. ''Represented by Figures according to the new order of the Very Illustrious Prince'' '''Maurice of Nassau''', Governor, Admiral, and Captain-General of the United Provinces of Netherlands, etc.</p>
 
| <p>'''Mars his Feild or The Exercise of Armes'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Mars his Feild or The Exercise of Armes'''</p>
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/11|1|lbl=Ttl}}
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/11|1|lbl=Ttl}}
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| <p>''By'' '''Adam van Breen''', With Instruction in writing for your Captains and Commanders, newly illuminated.</p>
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| <p>''By'' '''Adam van Breen''', Newly illluminated with written Instructions for your Captains and Commanders, newly illuminated.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/11|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>'''Printed''' Year 1618, at the Hague in Holland, with Privilege of the Imperial Majesty.<ref>I do not yet know the abbreviation, but "Mat." is also used in the Dutch transciption and the trascriber typed out "Majesteit" or Majesty.</ref>, and of the Most Christian King of France, also from the High and Mighty Lords of the State Generals of the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
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| <p>'''Printed''' Year 1618, at the Hague in Holland, with Privilege of the Imperial Majesty.<ref>I do not yet know the abbreviation, but "Mat." is also used in the Dutch transciption and the trascriber typed out "Majesteit" or Majesty.</ref>, of the Most Christian King of France, and also from the High and Mighty Lords of the State Generals of the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
  
 
Printed by Arnoult Meuris<ref>I found several print references to an Arnoult Meuris in the 1600s at the Hague. I believe this is likely him</ref>.</p>
 
Printed by Arnoult Meuris<ref>I found several print references to an Arnoult Meuris in the 1600s at the Hague. I believe this is likely him</ref>.</p>
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| <p>'''TO ALL ADMIRERS''' OF '''WEAPONS WIELDING''' ADAM VAN BREEN wishes them prosperity and hapiness.</p>
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| <p>'''TO ALL ADMIRERS''' OF '''ARMS WIELDING''' ADAM VAN BREEN wishes them prosperity and hapiness.</p>
  
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<p></p>
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<p>'''F'''LAVIUS VEGETIUS, the ancient author who is near to us lives through the writings in the Latin language on military order and wielding of the Arms of the Romans, testifies, which even the Histories report quite clearly, that the Romans, through no other means, became the masters of the entire universe than through serious wielding and continual exercise of arms. For what could (said the aforementioned Author) a small troop and a handful of Romans do against the multitude of Gauls? What can the little Italians do against these high and mighty Germans? It is notorious enough that the Spaniards not only in number, but also in bodily strength surpassed them. And that in the beginning there was nothing to compare to the cunning and wealth of the Africans, indeed, even to the prudence of the Greeks. Against all of this, it has been required and necessary, first of all in war, to select and maintain the dexterous and generous youth, and of those to train in the true wielding of arms by the Campidoctores (Vegetius gives such a name to Commanders and Officers who are teachers trained and experienced in arms) to learn and teach. The tardy and nonchalants duly punished; the virtuous and lively rewarded. Finally to make warriors out of them, transform them through continual, robust, and correct exercise. Since in Campaign, nothing could arise where they would not know be well-prepared for every occurrences and armed against every dangers - well-determined to resist and defend themselves and also ready if necessary to fearlessly seize the enemy.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/13|1|lbl=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/13|1|lbl=1}}
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| <p>The science and handling of weapons, engenders and nourishes generosity in Combat. There is no person who would be able to execute on Campaign what he would not have learned correctly at Home stronger than the exercise of weapons for the good of the Republics and Cities caused by a singular profit and prosperity in War. A General of an Army will execut more with a small troop of experienced soldiers that with a large army of badly trained people. The Greeks and especially the Romans have remarked on this, and those who succeeded them, great advantage will have befallen them.</p>
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| <p>The science and wielding of arms engenders and nourishes generosity in Combat. There is no person who could accomplish on a Campaign what he would not have learned correctly at Home better than the exercise of arms for the good of the Republics and Cities caused by a singular profit and prosperity in War. A General of an Army will accomplish more with a small troop of experienced soldiers than with a large army of badly trained men. The Greeks and especially the Romans have remarked on this, and those who succeeded them, great advantage will have befallen them.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/13|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>It is not without reason that the Very Illustrious Prince Maurice of Nassau, on this very necessary science of arms, already fallen and in contempt, has rectified and established with a singular zeal and affection for its maintenance. Night and day this same Prince ceaselessly study, honoring and augmenting many new and more necessary inventions for practices. In this fashion, it is perfect and excellent at the present that no Prince or Army General could invent. Why this Prince is in great esteem among all Princes of Europe, even in admiration among all peoples and nations of the Earth, having knowledge of his Heroic actions, agreed by the same voice and praise of the Grand Duke of Venice and of the most Serene Venetian Senate attributing to this Prince, the greatest Captain of his time.</p>
 
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| <p>Now, to demonstrate the inclination and the gratitude that I owe to such a noble and illustrious Prince: for the progeny, this new '''WIELDING OF NASSUVIAN ARMS''', I wanted to produce and very strongly represent in-person, all of the POSTURES, of the legitimate weapons - Rotella, Pike, Sword, and Targe, consecutively - as well as for the present Prince to observe the Company of the Guards. So that Captains and Men of War not only delight in their contemplation but also to find it useful to imitate them, I wanted to add reasons briefly but nevertheless necessary instruction, making the figures speak. What sense of time, words of command to the Soldiers, that there is to observe, is clearly shown here by the characters in the ciphers, beginning from the first Figure until the last.</p>
 
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| <p>With this Method, the inexperienced can be instructed and directly trained in the HANDLING OF NASSUVIAN WEAPONS. And according to this order and instruction of his Excellency, wield them promptly and use them industriously.</p>
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| <p>With this Method, the inexperienced can be instructed and directly trained in the WIELDING OF NASSUVIAN ARMS. And according to this order and instruction of his Excellency, wield them promptly and use them industriously.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/14|1|lbl=2}}
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/14|1|lbl=2}}
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| <p>Regarding the changing of arms, note first that the Soldiers with the Rotella are represented with the Rotella, Breastplates without tassets, Morions, Pikes, and Short Swords or otherwise arming swords hanging at their sides without fastened belt so as to be able to use it as needed. As they are advancing to their enemies' ranks and cannot wield their pikes due to inconvenience of its length, they will soon just leave it, promptly grabbing their rotellas and the aforementioned swords in order to defend themselves as long as they can and attack their enemies.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/14|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/14|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>Secondly, those who are armed with Targes are also represented with their armaments including Targes, Breastplates, Helmets, Arming Swords, having a Vambrace on their right arm, and greaves or leg armor on each leg. Being thus armed with Targes, having the helmets closed, concealing themselves behind the said Targes according to the word of command, will strongly charge with convenience at the their Squad of enemy Pikes, breaking them easily without receiving much damage because they are armed from head to toe<ref>Lit. "From the top of the head until the flat of the feet."</ref> and protected against the points of the pikes by consequence of being heavily armed. This very useful and necessary exercise, indeed very laudable, which all Princes and Army Generals easily understand without needing to explain further and embellish its value with many ornate words. Yet I still have to say this: the Soldiers exercising these armaments will not have any difficulty in walking this path of training with the goal of becoming a force to be reckoned with.<ref>Lit. "From aiming at a straight path but will be a path of force."</ref></p>
 
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| <p>Desiring that the fruits of these new exercises could ever be as great (with Figures, demonstrations, and written teachings) as my zeal and desire has been from illuminating this book, WIELDING NASSUVIAN ARMS. Be to God, at the Hague, the Year 1618.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Remarks on the words''' ''Rotella and Targe''</p>
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<p>For completeness, having added to the benefit of the inexperienced, I will speak the true significance of the Rotella and Targe. In the first place, one needs to know that this word Rotella, to hear the arms made in the shape of a Chariot axle which is fully round, and in this fashion named Rotella, and those who carry such arms, Rodoleros. Even with the Figures alone it is obvious. The Latins and Greeks gave the Rotella the names Clypeus, Aspis, Parma, from which fashion the Pelta hardly differs, being mostly round with with the top hollowed in the shape of a crescent. This Figure is drawn from an old Marble in Rome, as recited by the Analects of Lipsius<ref>Likely Justus Lipsius, a Flemish philosopher who died before this was published.</ref> that the rotella is fully round. Virgil testifies it in Aenid 2.</p>
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<p><poem> ''---- under the circle of her shield.<ref>Aeneid III</ref>''
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''like an Argive shield or the lamp of Phoebus''
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And Cato on the ''Origins'': ''Greek round shield.''
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Item 111.</p>
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<p>One could produce many other evidence that are not difficult to find, but we omit them in order to be much more brief.</p>
 
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| <p>For the second which is named Targe has much in common (in my opinion) with the Roman Scutum, which has a quite long shape. The Poet aforemention in Aenids 8:
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''----- long shields defending their bodies.''
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Scutum (according to the words of Livy) was the above which the chest and the shoulders are covered, the rim smooth and not rounded, and the lower part terminates round. The Shields of Africans are not dissimilar to these, called Caetra, which have been used by the Spaniards. These Scuta and Cetrae were large and light, which one could assess from the testimonies of ancient Authors. From the Spaniards, mentioned Livy recites in book 31 that when laying down and resting on their shields, they would cross the river by swimming. Ammianus Marcellinus in book 16 recites a similar Story, "The type that the ancients have made their shields is of a light material from interlaced cords or wood or from twigs." The Germans also had these types of shields which Tacitus ''On The Characters of the Germans'' testifies that they neither have 400 years of history, they were still in use among them. ''Counsel of Tyrol of the Scots to the son of Fridebrandum'', section 30: <ref>The searchable title is "Paraeneses antiquae germanicae tyrolis regis scotorum ad filium fridebrantum."</ref></p>
 
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| <p>''How push against push gets through.''<ref>Translated by Chidester with much context provided by snrgl.</ref>.</p>
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<p>That is to say, push shield against shield. It is rather known among us what a wicker basket is. We notice very clearly, from the monuments that this clay or interlaced cords, was dressed and covered with the hides and skins of beasts, which were glued to the top. Ausonius:</p>
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<p>''When you cover the shield with animal hide, what do you apply to construct it? Glue.''
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<p>Polybius describes the Scuta of the Romans very clearly as well as scholarly. Lipsius ''On the Military of Rome'' book 3, Dial. 2, See again in his Analect. I believe that this hide or Tërgora, among the Italians Targa, the Spaniards Tarja, and among the French Targe, has become what now means buckler or shield. What's more, this word Targa is still in use among the last of the bastardized Greeks, according to the testimonies of ''Gloss of the Greek Barbarians.'' Even among Authors who have written in Latin for about 400 years, the Targia has been surviving. Jacques de Vitry, Bishop of Acre, in ''Eastern History'' wrote, "With the shield that is called Targias." The Targes of his Excellency are also made of wood, covered with leather. This, dear reader, is what I wanted to show you. Receive this with pleasure. Be to God.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Brief and succinct teaching on the figures por'''trayed, touching the correct use of everything that is necessary for a Soldier on wielding the Rotella, Sword, and Pike: And this Instruction corresponds to each Figure by the following numbers.</p>
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| <p>'''Brief and succinct teaching on the figures por'''trayed, regarding the correct use of everything that is necessary for a Soldier on wielding the Rotella, Sword, and Pike. And this Instruction corresponds to each Figure by the following numbers.</p>
 
| <p>'''The exercise of armes ''wherein lively''''' figures is showne the Right Use and perfect manner of Handling the Buckler Sword and Pike with the words of Command and Brefe Instructions correspondent to every Posture.</p>
 
| <p>'''The exercise of armes ''wherein lively''''' figures is showne the Right Use and perfect manner of Handling the Buckler Sword and Pike with the words of Command and Brefe Instructions correspondent to every Posture.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|top|lbl=5}}
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/17|top|lbl=5}}
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<p>'''1. Carry your Pike slanted.'''</p>
 
<p>'''1. Carry your Pike slanted.'''</p>
  
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<p>1. '''In''' exercising this, demonstrate to the Soldier firstly how being upright in order with the Pike, he will hold and carry the Rotella well behind (this is namely so that he will not be burdened by the Rotella in some way) or else otherwise on the back, and will plant the Pike near the right foot, the arm somewhat extended but curved or bent to be able to conveniently join the Pike to the side closing ranks.</p>
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<p>1. '''In''' exercising this, demonstrate to the Soldier firstly how standing in order with the Pike, he will hold and carry the Rotella well behind (this is namely so that he will not be burdened by the Rotella in some way) or else otherwise on the back, and will plant the Pike near the right foot, the arm somewhat extended but curved or bent to be able to conveniently join the Pike to the side closing ranks.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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<p>'''4. The third time.'''</p>
 
<p>'''4. The third time.'''</p>
  
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<p>4. How he will carry the Pike slanted, in order to march conveniently in a tight formation without injuring among one another with the point.</p>
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<p>4. How he will carry the Pike slanted, in order to march conveniently in a tight formation without injuring one another with the point.</p>
 
| <p>'''March with ÿo<sup>r</sup> Pike sloping.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''March with ÿo<sup>r</sup> Pike sloping.'''</p>
  
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| <p>'''8. The second time.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''8. The second time.'''</p>
  
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<p>8. How after having again presented the Pike with the point forward, by the second instance, he will take it with the right hand on the bottom of the butt and will let it conveniently sink from high to low in order to be able to drop the Pike down in front.</p>
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<p>8. How after having again presented the Pike with the point forward, for the second instance, he will take it with the right hand on the bottom of the butt and will let it conveniently sink from high to low in order to be able to drop the Pike down in front.</p>
 
| <p>'''2 Motion'''</p>
 
| <p>'''2 Motion'''</p>
  
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| <p>'''9. The third time.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''9. The third time.'''</p>
  
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<p>9. How he will drop the third point the Pike, holding the right arm stronly extended. And from the same right hand, he will hold it very firmly, and from the left elbow will plant it firmly against the hip, as he will discover in this Figure.</p>
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<p>9. How he will drop the third point the Pike, holding the right arm strongly extended. And from the same right hand, he will hold it very firmly, and from the left elbow will plant it firmly against the hip, as he will discover in this Figure.</p>
 
| <p>'''3. Motion'''</p>
 
| <p>'''3. Motion'''</p>
  
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<p>'''10. The first time.'''</p>
 
<p>'''10. The first time.'''</p>
  
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<p>10. How he will put back on the ground his Pike in three times: Firstly, he will release the right hand from the btt and let it sink.</p>
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<p>10. How he will put back on the ground his Pike in three times. Firstly, he will release the right hand from the butt and let it sink.</p>
 
| <p>'''Order yo<sup>r</sup>. Pike.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Order yo<sup>r</sup>. Pike.'''</p>
  
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| <p>'''12. The third time.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''12. The third time.'''</p>
  
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<p>How he will hold the Pike for the third time in the right hand, as was said, against the thumb near the right foot, in order to wield it so much more conveniently.</p>
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<p>How he will hold the Pike for the third time in the right hand, as said, against the thumb near the right foot, in order to wield it so much more conveniently.</p>
 
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| <p>'''13. Carry your dragging Pikes.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''13. Carry your dragging Pikes.'''</p>
  
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<p>13. How he will drag the Pike: Firstly he must let the Pike sink behind him and palm it just so he can take it near the thumb to drag the iron with the hand.</p>
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<p>13. How he will drag the Pike. Firstly he must let the Pike sink behind him and palm it just so he can take it near the thumb to drag the iron with the hand.</p>
 
| <p>'''Trayle yo<sup>r</sup>. Pike.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Trayle yo<sup>r</sup>. Pike.'''</p>
  
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| <p><br></p>
 
| <p><br></p>
  
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<p>14. How in dragging the Pike, he will carry it and grab it near the point: and he must hold it on the right hand next to the brace.</p>
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<p>14. How in dragging the Pike, he will carry it and grab it near the point, and he must hold it on the right hand next to the brace.</p>
 
| <p>'''How'''</p>
 
| <p>'''How'''</p>
  
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| <p>'''16. Let your Pike fall on the ground.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''16. Let your Pike fall on the ground.'''</p>
  
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<p>16. How he will put his Pike on the ground near his right foot, namely that he will lower himself on the same side with the Pike in order to let it sink freely on the ground, in order to not damage it.</p>
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<p>16. How he will put his Pike on the ground near his right foot, namely that he will lower himself on the same side with the Pike in order to let it sink freely on the ground in order to not damage it.</p>
 
| <p>'''Laÿ downe ÿo<sup>r</sup> Pike.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Laÿ downe ÿo<sup>r</sup> Pike.'''</p>
  
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| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 17.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 17.jpg|300px|center]]
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| <p>17. How he holds himself upright and fully ready with the Rotella, and the Pike is near to his right foot, waiting for some subsequent command.
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| <p>17. How he stands fully ready with the Rotella and the Pike is near to his right foot, waiting for some subsequent command.
 
| <p>How he must stand upright with his Buckler in readines, his Pike layd at his right foot expecting further command</p>
 
| <p>How he must stand upright with his Buckler in readines, his Pike layd at his right foot expecting further command</p>
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|17|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|17|lbl=-}}
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| <p>'''21. Cover yourself.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''21. Cover yourself.'''</p>
  
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<p>21. How he will cover himself before his Enemy, namely, that he will have to pose his Rotella against the left thigh very firmly against the same-sided Shoulder. And the guard of his Sword against the inside edge of his Rotella so that he can withstand the attack. And also the left edge of his Morion<ref>A type of 16th-17th century helmet.</ref> against the inside edge of the Rotella in order to protect his vision such that he can only watch which side his Enemy will come to atack him.</p>
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<p>21. How he will cover himself before his Enemy, namely that he will have to position his Rotella against the left thigh very firmly and against the same-sided Shoulder. And the guard of his Sword against the inner edge of his Rotella so that he can withstand the attack. And also the left edge of his Morion<ref>A type of 16th-17th century helmet.</ref> against the inner edge of the Rotella in order to protect his vision such that he can only see which side his Enemy will come to atack him.</p>
 
| <p>'''Guard ÿour selfe.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Guard ÿour selfe.'''</p>
  
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| <p><br></p>
 
| <p><br></p>
  
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<p>22. We present here how the Soldier could cover himself with the Rotella and his Sowrd against the tip of the Pike, as in the preceding Figure.</p>
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<p>22. We present here how the Soldier could cover himself with the Rotella and his Sword against the tip of the Pike, as in the preceding Figure.</p>
 
| <p>'''A second garding Posture.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''A second garding Posture.'''</p>
  
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| <p>'''23. Straighten yourself.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''23. Straighten yourself.'''</p>
  
−
<p>23. How he will straighten in the posture, namely, by holding himself upright, which will be most convenient to put the left foot and the left shoulder forward in order to lean or rest against the same side as the Rotella. And in order to demonstrate a free and unforced posture well and everything else, the right arm is again placed with the Sword towards the left shoulder between the Rotella, as was taught in the twentieth Figure.</p>
+
<p>23. How he will straighten in the posture, namely by standing, which will be most convenient to put the left foot and the left shoulder forward in order to lean or rest against the same side as the Rotella. And in order to demonstrate a free and unforced posture well and everything else, the right arm is again placed with the Sword towards the left shoulder between the Rotella, as was taught in the twentieth Figure.</p>
 
| <p>'''Releeve your selfe.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Releeve your selfe.'''</p>
  
Line 613: Line 633:
 
| <p>'''25. Withdraw your arms out of the braces of your Rotella.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''25. Withdraw your arms out of the braces of your Rotella.'''</p>
  
−
<p>25. How he will withdraw his arms out of the braces of the Rotella. He will have to hold firmly the Rotella with the right hand.</p>
+
<p>25. How he will withdraw his arms out of the braces of the Rotella. He will have to firmly hold the Rotella with the right hand.</p>
 
| <p>'''Draw yo<sup>r</sup>. armed out of the braces of you<sup>r</sup> Buckler'''<br/></p>
 
| <p>'''Draw yo<sup>r</sup>. armed out of the braces of you<sup>r</sup> Buckler'''<br/></p>
  
Line 628: Line 648:
 
| <p>'''26. Put your Rotella back behind your back.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''26. Put your Rotella back behind your back.'''</p>
  
−
<p>26. How he will put back again the Rotella on the back: He will have to do this with his left arm as can be seen in the Figure.</p>
+
<p>26. How he will put back again the Rotella on the back. He will have to do this with his left arm as can be seen in the Figure.</p>
 
| <p>'''Put yo<sup>r</sup>. Buckler behind yo<sup>r</sup>. backe.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Put yo<sup>r</sup>. Buckler behind yo<sup>r</sup>. backe.'''</p>
  
Line 641: Line 661:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 27.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 27.jpg|300px|center]]
−
| <p>27. How holding upright with his Rotella on the back, he will wait for another command.</p>
+
| <p>27. How standing with his Rotella on the back, he will wait for another command.</p>
 
| <p>How the Soldier standing upright with the Buckler at his backe shall attend further Command.</p>
 
| <p>How the Soldier standing upright with the Buckler at his backe shall attend further Command.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|27|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|27|lbl=-}}
Line 652: Line 672:
 
| <p>'''28. Raise your Pike.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''28. Raise your Pike.'''</p>
  
−
<p>How he will raise his Pike from the ground for the first time. He will have to lift it up with the hand as long as it is possible. And it will be necessary that he will hold his right foot firmly on the same place and pull the left foot back if it is forward, namely without forcing it, so that he may drop from the side towards the Pike in order to lift it or pick it up.</p>
+
<p>How he will raise his Pike from the ground for the first time. He will have to lift it up with the hand as long as it is possible. And it will be necessary that he will hold his right foot firmly on the same place and pull the left foot back if it is forward, namely without forcing it so that he may drop from the side towards the Pike in order to lift it or pick it up.</p>
 
| <p>'''Take up yo<sup>r</sup>. Pike.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Take up yo<sup>r</sup>. Pike.'''</p>
  
Line 676: Line 696:
 
| <p>'''30. Replant your Pike as before.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''30. Replant your Pike as before.'''</p>
  
−
<p>30. How he will put the Pike bakc for the third and final time. And put it back again near the right foot, holding it in the right hand with the arms bent or curved, as taught in the first Figure.</p>
+
<p>30. How he will put the Pike back for the third and final time. Put it back again near the right foot, holding it in the right hand with the arms bent or curved, as taught in the first Figure.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|30|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|30|lbl=-}}
Line 687: Line 707:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 31.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 31.jpg|300px|center]]
−
| <p>31. Here are presented five Figures in order to demonstrate how close together they have to be to hold their order, namely, as close together as possible: And according to the Captain or the Officer will find it good and suitable depending on the occassion.</p>
+
| <p>31. Here are presented five Figures in order to demonstrate how close together they have to be to hold their order, namely as close together as possible. And according to the Captain or the Officer will find it good and suitable depending on the occassion.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|31|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|31|lbl=-}}
Line 696: Line 716:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 32.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 32.jpg|300px|center]]
−
| <p>32. Here again is a single rank with the Rotella and the Sword in order to demonstrate how one can close themselves together again because the Pike is prevented: However, the Rotellas of the rank that are between two others will have to hold a suitable position so that everyone can draw his Sword conveniently and use it against the Enemy.</p>
+
| <p>32. Here again is a single rank with the Rotella and the Sword in order to demonstrate how one can close themselves together again because the Pike is blocked. However, the Rotellas of the rank that are between two others will have to hold a suitable position so that everyone can draw his Sword conveniently and use it against the Enemy.</p>
 
| <p>Here also is represented a Ran[...]<br/>to showe how they maÿ shut their [...]<br/>no waies hindering them) ÿet so th[...]<br/>quisite place, to the end that ea[...]<br/>draw his sword and use it agai[...]<ref>The Bodleian Library copy, which was the basis of this transcription, is torn off at the fold, so half of the text is missing.</ref></p>
 
| <p>Here also is represented a Ran[...]<br/>to showe how they maÿ shut their [...]<br/>no waies hindering them) ÿet so th[...]<br/>quisite place, to the end that ea[...]<br/>draw his sword and use it agai[...]<ref>The Bodleian Library copy, which was the basis of this transcription, is torn off at the fold, so half of the text is missing.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|32|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/18|32|lbl=-}}
Line 741: Line 761:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| <p>'''Brief and succinct teaching, touching the correct use''' of everything that will be needed for the Soldier in wielding the Targe with the Sword, with Instruction to show each Figure by the following numbers and writings that are in accordance with the figures.</p>
+
| <p>'''Brief and succinct teaching, regarding the correct use''' of everything that will be needed for the Soldier in wielding the Targe with the Sword, with Instruction to show each Figure by the following numbers and writings that are in accordance with the figures.</p>
 
| <p>'''The perfect manner of handling ''The sword and Target''' Set forth in Lively '''Figures''' with the words of Command and Breife Instructions correspondent to every Posture.''</p>
 
| <p>'''The perfect manner of handling ''The sword and Target''' Set forth in Lively '''Figures''' with the words of Command and Breife Instructions correspondent to every Posture.''</p>
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|top|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|1a|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|1b|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|2|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|3|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|4|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|5|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|6|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|7|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|8|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|9|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|10|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|11|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|12|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|13|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|14|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|15|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|top|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|1a|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|1b|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|2|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|3|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|4|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|5|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|6|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|7|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|8|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|9|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|10|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|11|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|12|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|13|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|14|lbl=-}}{{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|15|lbl=-}}
Line 782: Line 802:
 
| <p>'''Prepare your Targe for your Sword.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Prepare your Targe for your Sword.'''</p>
  
−
<p>2. How for more convenience he will promptly present the Targe from behind his back to in front of his body, that is by withdrawing his left foot and shaking his left shoulder, he will make the Targe slip forward.</p>
+
<p>2. How for more convenience he will promptly present the Targe from behind his back to in front of his body, which is by withdrawing his left foot and shaking his left shoulder, he will make the Targe slip forward.</p>
  
 
| <p>'''Prepare ÿo<sup>r</sup>. Target for ÿo<sup>r</sup>. sword.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Prepare ÿo<sup>r</sup>. Target for ÿo<sup>r</sup>. sword.'''</p>
Line 796: Line 816:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 35.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe 35.jpg|300px|center]]
−
| <p>3. How he will hold his Targe to ready the Sword; that is with his right hand he will hold firmly the Targe above so that he can much better put his hand between the braces in order to hold it, thus readying his Sword to be able draw it out.</p>
+
| <p>3. How he will hold his Targe to ready the Sword, that is with his right hand he will firmly hold the Targe above so that he can much better put his hand between the braces in order to hold it, thus readying his Sword to be able draw it out.</p>
 
| <p>How he shall make ready his Target for his sword, that is he shallhold his Target fast above with his right hand, that he maÿ the more easilÿ put his hand betweene the Brases, and so be readÿ to draw his sword.</p>
 
| <p>How he shall make ready his Target for his sword, that is he shallhold his Target fast above with his right hand, that he maÿ the more easilÿ put his hand betweene the Brases, and so be readÿ to draw his sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf/21|3|lbl=-}}
Line 837: Line 857:
 
| <p>'''Put your Sword between the Targe and the chest.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Put your Sword between the Targe and the chest.'''</p>
  
−
<p>6. How in holding again his Targe against his body and the left shoulder, he will have to place his Sword between the Targe and his shoulder as said: waiting in such a posture that one would want to further command.</p>
+
<p>6. How in holding again his Targe against his body and the left shoulder, he will have to place his Sword between the Targe and his shoulder as said, waiting in such a posture that one would want to further command.</p>
 
| <p>'''Put ÿo<sup>r</sup>. sword betweene ÿo<sup>r</sup>. Target and brest'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Put ÿo<sup>r</sup>. sword betweene ÿo<sup>r</sup>. Target and brest'''</p>
  
Line 852: Line 872:
 
| <p>'''Close your Helmet.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Close your Helmet.'''</p>
  
−
<p>7. How he will close his Helmet so that this it is done promptly with convenience: He will close it with his thumb and first finger and will nevertheless hold firmly his Sword with the other fingers so that he be at once ready.</p>
+
<p>7. How he will close his Helmet so that this it is done promptly with convenience. He will close it with his thumb and first finger and will nevertheless firmly hold his Sword with the other fingers so that he at once be ready.</p>
 
| <p>'''Close yo<sup>r</sup>. Casquet.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Close yo<sup>r</sup>. Casquet.'''</p>
  
Line 867: Line 887:
 
| <p>'''Cover yourself.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Cover yourself.'''</p>
  
−
<p>8. How he will cover himself well: thereby he will hold the Targe in front of him against the left knee and from above against the same shoulder, holding very firmly from this side against the Point or the edge. And to the right side or flank he too will support himself with the Sword guard, until such that it can serve him.</p>
+
<p>8. How he will cover himself well. He will hold the Targe in front of him against the left knee and from above against the same shoulder, very firmly holding from this side against the Point or the edge. And to the right side or flank he too will support himself with the guard of the Sword until such that he can use it.</p>
 
| <p>'''Gard yo<sup>r</sup>. self.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Gard yo<sup>r</sup>. self.'''</p>
  
Line 882: Line 902:
 
| <p><br></p>
 
| <p><br></p>
  
−
<p>9. How he demonstrate as before in order to much better present how little his Enemy can damage him.</p>
+
<p>9. How he demonstrates as before in order to much better present how little his Enemy can damage him.</p>
 
| <p>'''A second garding Posture.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''A second garding Posture.'''</p>
  
Line 901: Line 921:
 
| <p>'''Straighten yourself.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Straighten yourself.'''</p>
  
−
<p>10. How he will straighten and hold himsef upright in the same manner as he demonstrated in the sixth Figure.</p>
+
<p>10. How he will straighten and stand in the same manner as he demonstrated in the sixth Figure.</p>
 
| <p>'''Releive yo<sup>r</sup> selfe.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Releive yo<sup>r</sup> selfe.'''</p>
  
Line 916: Line 936:
 
| <p>'''Put back your Sword.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Put back your Sword.'''</p>
  
−
<p>11. How he will put his sword back in the scabbard; he will have to hold it firmly in his left hand as before with ease and without impediment in putting back his Sword.</p>
+
<p>11. How he will put his sword back in the scabbard. He will have to firmly hold it in his left hand as before with ease and without impediment in putting back his Sword.</p>
 
| <p>'''Put up yo<sup>r</sup> sword.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Put up yo<sup>r</sup> sword.'''</p>
  
Line 931: Line 951:
 
| <p>'''Withdraw your arms out of the Targe.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Withdraw your arms out of the Targe.'''</p>
  
−
<p>12. How he will withdraw his arms out of the braces of the Targe; he will have to hold it firmly with the right hand, all of which the third Figure has shown.</p>
+
<p>12. How he will withdraw his arms out of the braces of the Targe. He will have to firmly hold it with the right hand, all of which the third Figure has shown.</p>
 
| <p>'''withdraw yo<sup>r</sup>. armes out of yo<sup>r</sup>. Target.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''withdraw yo<sup>r</sup>. armes out of yo<sup>r</sup>. Target.'''</p>
  
Line 1,001: Line 1,021:
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = Dutch Transcription
 
  | work        = Dutch Transcription
−
  | authors    = [[transcriber::Deandra de Looff]]
+
  | authors    = [[Deandra de Looff]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source title= [[Index:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618]]
 
  | source title= [[Index:De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf|De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge (Adam van Breen) 1618]]
Line 1,015: Line 1,035:
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = French Transcription
 
  | work        = French Transcription
−
  | authors    = [[transcriber::Michael Chidester]]
+
  | authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source title= [[Index:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf|Index:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618]]
 
  | source title= [[Index:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618.pdf|Index:Le Maniement d’Armes De Nassau (Adam van Breen) 1618]]
Line 1,029: Line 1,049:
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = English Transcription
 
  | work        = English Transcription
−
  | authors    = [[transcriber::Michael Chidester]]
+
  | authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source title= {{nowrap|[[Index:Mars his Feild or The Exercise of Armes (Adam van Breen) 1625.pdf|Index:Mars his Feild or The Exercise of Armes (Adam van Breen) 1625]]}}
 
  | source title= {{nowrap|[[Index:Mars his Feild or The Exercise of Armes (Adam van Breen) 1625.pdf|Index:Mars his Feild or The Exercise of Armes (Adam van Breen) 1625]]}}
Line 1,038: Line 1,058:
  
 
== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
 +
 +
{{bibliography}}
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==

Latest revision as of 03:22, 20 October 2023

Adam van Breen
Born 1585
Amsterdam
Died 1642
Norway
Spouse(s) Maria Gelle
Occupation
  • Painter
  • Engraver
Nationality Dutch
Genres Drill manual
Language
Notable work(s) De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van
Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe (1618)
Concordance by Michael Chidester

Adam van Breen (Amsterdam, 1585 - Norway, after 1642) was a Dutch artist from the Golden Age. Van Breen was born in 1585, most likely in Amsterdam, and specialized in winter landscapes. He was married in The Hague on 13 February, 1611, to Maertje Castel. In 1612, he became a member of the Guild of Saint Luke (the painter's guild), which membership lasted until 1621. After he went bankrupt in Amsterdam in 1624, he left for Oslo but returned to Amsterdam in 1628. In 1636, he left for Norway again, where he helped decorate the Akershus Castle among other things. He stayed in Norway until his death, some time after 1642. Van Breen was influenced by Hendrick Avercamp and David Vinckboons, he was possibly a pupil of one of them.

HEMA Contributions

In 1617, van Breen created a series of prints illustrating militia drill with the pike and shield, and the sword and shield. They were published in 1618 in the Hague, Netherlands, by Aert Meuris under the title De Nassavsche Wapen-Handelinge van Schilt, Spies, Rappier end Targe ("On the Weapon-Handling of Nassau with Shield, Spear, Rapier, and Target"); the first printing included Dutch, French, and German editions, with descriptions and commentary by an anonymous author. The structure and format of the treatise is strongly reminiscent of Wapenhandelinghe van Roers Musquetten ende Spiessen by Jacob de Gheyn II, and could possibly have been intended as an addendum to Gheyn's work.

In this concordance, the text of 1625 English publication has been placed in the first transcription column, owing to the fact that a modernized English version has not yet been produced from one of the original languages. (Unfortunately, the Bodleian Library's copy, from which this transcription was made, is missing several pages.) The text of the other languages has been rearranged to match the English where applicable, but can be read in its original order on the transcription pages.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

None.

References

  1. ↑ I do not yet know the abbreviation, but "Mat." is also used in the Dutch transciption and the trascriber typed out "Majesteit" or Majesty.
  2. ↑ I found several print references to an Arnoult Meuris in the 1600s at the Hague. I believe this is likely him
  3. ↑ Lit. "From the top of the head until the flat of the feet."
  4. ↑ Lit. "From aiming at a straight path but will be a path of force."
  5. ↑ Likely Justus Lipsius, a Flemish philosopher who died before this was published.
  6. ↑ Aeneid III
  7. ↑ The searchable title is "Paraeneses antiquae germanicae tyrolis regis scotorum ad filium fridebrantum."
  8. ↑ Translated by Chidester with much context provided by snrgl.
  9. ↑ Probably could be better read as "step" rather than "time."
  10. ↑ A specifically designed opening within the walls of a city to allow passage. Could also be translated as "gate" or "door".
  11. ↑ A type of 16th-17th century helmet.
  12. ↑ The Bodleian Library copy, which was the basis of this transcription, is torn off at the fold, so half of the text is missing.
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