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Difference between revisions of "Francesco Fernando Alfieri"

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| <p>On the difference between the pike in play and in war</p>
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<p>Chapter III</p>
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<p>Since many only enjoy criticising, some will say right at the beginning that there is pike for combat, and pike for play. I know very well that in the field, in front of the enemy you do not think of pomp, or to show your dexterity, nor your grace, nor do you arrive at certain actions that serve to delight more than to wound. </p>
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<p>But we are permitted to ask these people whether such knowledge of handling the pike is advantageous; whether the art of thrusting without entangling and confusing yourself facilitates superiority. Knowing the tempo and when to exploit it, being ready to use the haft in different ways, and putting your hand to the sword are essential elements in war, and these are learned primarily in the academies, where they demonstrate the methods that you practise in play. It is impossible to know how important and useful it is to a soldier, to grasp all that can be done with the weapon, that by its election must be the instrument of his honour, and of his fortunes. </p>
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<p>If someone completely new is deployed, and it is necessary to fight somewhere narrow, you cannot see anything more ridiculous and useless; if he wishes to put his hand to his sword and his pike falls, or if he must change face he will crash into and harm either his line or those close by. In the end it will not be good either for him or his captain. This does not happen to one who is practised in the art, because one who possesses what is most difficult also possesses what is most straightforward in the same art. </p>
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<p>However, one who knows who to make the pike fly, how to make it slide and run in every direction will not tangle himself up, nor give occasion through his harm to be mocked. They are therefore different, but in play you encompass everything that is necessary in war, where only those who know make progress. Because as the saying goes, nobody has doubts in something they know to have learned well. To attain this knowledge, you must practise, and you must commend that which makes you familiar with those precepts that conduct you to your aims. Sweat in the more difficult things, to delight in them, so they turn out more to your liking, malleable to your thoughts. </p>
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{{pagetb|Page:La Picca (Francesco Fernando Alfieri) 1641.pdf|17|lbl=11|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:La Picca (Francesco Fernando Alfieri) 1641.pdf|18|lbl=12|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:La Picca (Francesco Fernando Alfieri) 1641.pdf|19|lbl=13|p=1}}
 
{{pagetb|Page:La Picca (Francesco Fernando Alfieri) 1641.pdf|17|lbl=11|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:La Picca (Francesco Fernando Alfieri) 1641.pdf|18|lbl=12|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:La Picca (Francesco Fernando Alfieri) 1641.pdf|19|lbl=13|p=1}}

Revision as of 11:08, 18 November 2020

Francesco Fernando Alfieri

Portrait from 1640
Born 16th century (?)
Died 17th century
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality Italian
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s)

Francesco Fernando Alfieri was a 17th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about his life, but Alfieri means "Ensign" which might be a military title rather than a family name. In his fencing treatise of 1640, he identifies himself as a master-at-arms to the Accademia Delia in Padua, and indicates that he had long experience at that time

In 1638, Alfieri published a treatise on flag drill entitled La Bandiera ("The Banner"). This was followed in 1640 by La Scherma ("On Fencing"), in which he treats the use of the rapier. Not content with these works, in 1641 he released La Picca ("The Pike"), which not only covers pike drill, but also includes a complete reprint of La Bandiera (complete with title page dated 1638). His treatise on rapier seems to have been especially popular, as it was reprinted in 1646 and then received a new edition in 1653 titled L’arte di ben maneggiare la spada ("The Art of Handling the Sword Well"), which not only includes the entirety of the 1640 edition, but also adds a concluding section on the spadone.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. This passage is later self-plagiarised by Alfieri in the introduction to his treatise on the spadone of 1653.
  2. Although taken somewhat out of context, Alfieri appears to be referring to Numbers 21:8: “And the LORD said unto Moses, Make thee a fiery serpent, and set it upon a pole” (King James Bible).
  3. Here Alfieri employs a practically untranslatable idiom “tenero di sale”, which refers to a dish lacking in salt but also ironically to a foolish, naïve or credulous person. The translator has replaced this with an approximately equivalent English idiom.
  4. Note the use of fencing terminology to describe actions with the flag, which continues throughout the treatise.
  5. Montanti (singular montante) in fencing terminology refers to rising blows.
  6. Literally “totally covered”, this describes a guard or posture in which your opponent has no direct line of attack, as demonstrated for example in chapters XXV and XXXIV of Alfieri's 1640 treatise on rapier fencing.
  7. Note that this final plate is simply reused from chapter I.
  8. Again this passage is later self-plagiarised in the conclusion to Alfieri's 1653 treatise on the spadone.
  9. According to tradition Lysis of Taras was both a student of Pythagoras and teacher to Epaminondas, although since this would make him impossibly old perhaps two historical figures were conflated. Epaminondas was a renowned Theban general from whom Philip learned in his youth, as a hostage in Thebes.
  10. The braccio (plural: braccia) was an Italian pre-metric unit of measurement. Its length varied by region, although the Venetian and Paduan braccio appear to have been approximately 68.3cm. This was would make Alfieri’s pike approximately 6.12 meters (or 20 foot) long.
  11. Plate armour designed to protect the upper thighs.
  12. A type of helmet, first used by the Spanish, usually with a flat brim and a crest from front to back.