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| <p>[10] <section begin="armor 10"/>Note: a good deceptive duelling technique (''kampffstuck'') on foot, in armour. When you are in the Arena and want weapons and want the end to be promptly given—then take your sword exposed by the blade in your left hand so that the point stands upright and your [spear]spike ascending in your right hand.
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And if he then steps toward you with his spear, and he proceeds to charge at you, then prepare to throw [yours] at him, and yet you do want to exchange throws with each other, then profur him at the third moment throw the Spear strongly at him and so you run at him while the shot causes him concern and he must parry the spear away—then seize your sword by the hand and hilt, and shove it strongly at him, and whilst he attempts to recover, then go at him and fall in under him to penetrate in with both hands and arms onto his, or by the arse, and pull him strongly toward you.
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During the pull, place your head low on his chest, and penetrate and break him high on his chest with the head quickly, over your arm on to his back, and do this bravely and quickly with your force, so you will freely succeed, so must you also learn well how to shoot forward with the spear and sword.<section end="armor 10"/></p>
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! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[translator::James Wallhausen]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[translator::James Wallhausen]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Eyb Kriegsbuch (MS B.26)|Erlangen Version]] (1500){{edit index|Eyb Kriegsbuch (MS B.26)}}<br/>by [[Barbara Kappelmayr]] and [[Andreas Meier]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Eyb Kriegsbuch (MS B.26)|Erlangen Version]] (1500){{edit index|Eyb Kriegsbuch (MS B.26)}}<br/>by [[Barbara Kappelmayr]] and [[Andreas Meier]]</p>
! <p>[[Die Blume des Kampfes (Cod.5278)|Vienna Version I]] (1420s) (?){{edit index|Die Blume des Kampfes (Cod.5278)}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
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! <p>[[Die Blume des Kampfes (Cod.5278)|Vienna Version I]] (1420s){{edit index|Die Blume des Kampfes (Cod.5278)}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Bũech von fechter Vnnd Ringstückhen zũ Ross vnnd Fuoß (Cod.10799)|Vienna Version II]] (1623){{edit index|Bũech von fechter Vnnd Ringstückhen zũ Ross vnnd Fuoß (Cod.10799)}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Bũech von fechter Vnnd Ringstückhen zũ Ross vnnd Fuoß (Cod.10799)|Vienna Version II]] (1623){{edit index|Bũech von fechter Vnnd Ringstückhen zũ Ross vnnd Fuoß (Cod.10799)}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
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| <p>[7] <section begin="armor 36"/>A learned technique for when you stand with your sword at armed hands and someone approaches you and wants to stab or strike from above, then reach up with the blade between your hands and parry him up and away, and during this rebuke,<ref>This is evidently the ''Gerader Versatzung'' ([[Joachim Meÿer|Meyer]], Rapier: 2.74r; Forgeng 2006, 195), or ''Kron''/Crown ([[Jörg Wilhalm Hutter|Hutter]] [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu Augspurg (Cgm 3711)|CGM 3711]], 41r-42r; [[Lienhart Sollinger|Sollinger]] [[Künnst zu fechten vonn dem Lienhartt Sollinger (Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º)|MS 38.21.Aug.2°]], 46r-47r ).</ref> step towards him and push against his sword with the arm up over his head so you are stronger and more direct if he then comes to you, so then proceed to wrestle him.<section end="armor 36"/></p>
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| <p>[8] <section begin="armor 37"/>Another similar technique for when you approach someone, thus let the sword-blade go down from your left hand and swing the blade behind, around his head and neck, and grasp the blade in front of and against his neck with your left hand and during this place your left leg behind his left leg and trip him over with the arms, hands and sword over your leg onto his back.<section end="armor 37"/></p>
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| <p>[11] <section begin="armor 16"/>Note: here are described and illustrated in turn four techniques that the masters teach thereby for quite refined wrestling (''hubsche ringen'').
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The first is for when you want to attack someone from the short or long sword, then parry his point strongly up away from his left side and step quickly towards him and reach in under the blade of his sword at the chest, and place in the left hand with the sword at his neck, that in your blade over across (''zwerch'') staying at his neck and during the stab, step behind him and place in your right leg behind his right leg and throw him onto his back over your right leg, using your left hand by his neck.
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<section end="armor 16"/></p>
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| <p>[12] <section begin="armor 17"/>As then you want yet a high stab from the forearmed hand, so parry him then upwards and away, and whilst you parry, stab him with your point, with sword over his blade between his [blade] and his right arm. Step in quickly and displace (''versetz'') him and engage (''verbind'') his left hand and sword with your sword between your hands with the blade above his left hand and step in strongly towards him and press the hand in on his chest and head, so that you you may comfortably come to wrestle or take his sword.<section end="armor 17"/></p>
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| <p>[13] <section begin="armor 18"/>This is another technique for when you want smack someone up high, so parry him with the point near his point or push his point up strongly between the hands upwards with your blade and during this parry or shove upward, then let you hand, arm and sword go around and push in forcefully with the pommel under his eyes or his neck. And during this shove, step towards him to wrestle, with whatever you want.<section end="armor 18"/></p>
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| <p>[14] <section begin="armor 19"/>The fourth technique will you yet smack someone up high from a forearmed hand: so parry him and push his point off upward and away. During this parry away, approach ever more strongly afterward into him and engage him with the blade by his left hand between your hand with the blade; and crowd him thus to his back and stab him at his left leg. If he prohibits this, then let your sword drop over the head and seize him strongly by the leg with both your hands and arms, and pull him up by the legs strongly and throw him on to his back.<section end="armor 19"/></p>
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| <p>[18] <section begin="armor 9"/>Yet one sword-disarm in armour: If someone wants to stab you, then step in close to him and strike his point away at your left hand and during this blow, grasp his point as well as your own point and step towards him, rotate his with your right arm and with the elbow quickly move your right hand away and step behind yourself so that both points come in towards him. Thus stab him from you and shoot in with his sword or throw it behind.<section end="armor 9"/></p>
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| <p>[20] <section begin="armor 8"/>If you want disarm someone when one’s hands are armed, then stab him with your sword between his arms so that your tip comes to his hilt and grasp his hilt and the tip of your sword together with both hands above and below and rotate (''wint'') him outwards and away to whichever side you want, and then you step behind you, then he must allow himself be hurt.<section end="armor 8"/></p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 020v.png|20v-a}}
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| [[File:Cod.5278 183r-f.png|400px|center]]
 +
| <p>[21] <section begin="armor 25"/>If an expert comes at you, and you want to engage with his sword as a means to wrestle, then let your sword go around his hand and pull his sword out of his hands by the blade using your hilt and pommel. Whilst you pull, then reach through with the right hand and using the pommel of your sword, drop down at him at the bow/arch/bend behind his left leg; and with the left arm and with the blade placed in over on the neck and press him down from above, and trip him up down low with the hilt, and throw him on to his back.<section end="armor 25"/></p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 023r.png|23r-b}}
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| [[File:Cod.5278 184r-a.png|400px|center]]
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| <p>[22] <section begin="armor 33"/>[No text]<section end="armor 33"/></p>
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| <p>[23] <section begin="armor 27"/>Yet another good attack: if the two of you have both attacked high and penetrated each others' defence, then remember: seize his sword by the point with your left hand foremost and pull back a little behind yourself and whilst you pull, thus parry his sword upward and away and step toward him and place one leg in behind his left leg and with the right hand high press him down over that leg, onto his back.<section end="armor 27"/></p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 023r.png|23r-d}}
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| [[File:Cod.5278 184r-c.png|400px|center]]
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| <p>[24] <section begin="armor 13"/>A good technique for when you step toward someone, and he wants to stab or strike you. So take your sword in both hands and step forward with the right foot and reach in the strike or the stab in his approach with both your hands on the sword, and push him away on the left side, and whilst you push and so drive the step with the sword through his left leg and through his armpit and lift his leg up with the point and throw him on his back. Or place the sword with the pommel and the hand in at the neck, and in this position behind him, place in your right leg behind his left leg and throw him over on to his back.<section end="armor 13"/></p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 021v.png|21v-b}}
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|-
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| [[File:Cod.5278 184r-d.png|400px|center]]
 +
| <p>[25] <section begin="armor 23"/>A technique taught when having forearmed hands: if you go with a stab, then stab in at him under his arm and step quickly toward him, placing the blade therewith both upon his left arm and placing the point of the sword between his legs and trip up the left leg therewith and with the pommel high and the hand penetrates him low, throw him on to his back.<section end="armor 23"/></p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 022v.png|22v-d}}
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| [[File:Cod.5278 184r-e.png|400px|center]]
 +
| <p>[26] <section begin="armor 11"/>A good manoeuvre against armed hands that’s called the “center-of-gravity on both sides” (''die wag auf baid seiten''<ref>Lit: “the balance on both sides”</ref>). If someone wants to stab at you, then during the stab, parry it away and whilst you parry, step in towards him and wind your sword under his arm, and move quickly whilst you wind. Thus attend on whichever leg he has placed foremost with his weight on it and reach down seize his thigh by that same leg with both hands. Lift his leg up and throw him on the back.<section end="armor 11"/></p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 021r.png|21r-c}}
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|-
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| [[File:Cod.5278 184r-f.png|400px|center]]
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| <p>[27] <section begin="sword 44"/>[No text]<section end="sword 44"/></p>
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| [[File:Cod.10799 163r.jpg|300px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cod.10799_163r.jpg]]
 
| <p>[8] <section begin="armor 8"/>If you want disarm someone when one’s hands are armed, then stab him with your sword between his arms so that your tip comes to his hilt and grasp his hilt and the tip of your sword together with both hands above and below and rotate (''wint'') him outwards and away to whichever side you want, and then you step behind you, then he must allow himself be hurt.<section end="armor 8"/></p>
 
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| <p>[9] <section begin="armor 9"/>Yet one sword-disarm in armour: If someone wants to stab you, then step in close to him and strike his point away at your left hand and during this blow, grasp his point as well as your own point and step towards him, rotate his with your right arm and with the elbow quickly move your right hand away and step behind yourself so that both points come in towards him. Thus stab him from you and shoot in with his sword or throw it behind.<section end="armor 9"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 020v.png|20v-b}}
 
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| <p>[10] <section begin="armor 10"/>Note: a good deceptive duelling technique (''kampffstuck'') on foot, in armour. When you are in the Arena and want weapons and want the end to be promptly given—then take your sword exposed by the blade in your left hand so that the point stands upright and your [spear]spike ascending in your right hand.
 
 
And if he then steps toward you with his spear, and he proceeds to charge at you, then prepare to throw [yours] at him, and yet you do want to exchange throws with each other, then profur him at the third moment throw the Spear strongly at him and so you run at him while the shot causes him concern and he must parry the spear away—then seize your sword by the hand and hilt, and shove it strongly at him, and whilst he attempts to recover, then go at him and fall in under him to penetrate in with both hands and arms onto his, or by the arse, and pull him strongly toward you.
 
During the pull, place your head low on his chest, and penetrate and break him high on his chest with the head quickly, over your arm on to his back, and do this bravely and quickly with your force, so you will freely succeed, so must you also learn well how to shoot forward with the spear and sword.<section end="armor 10"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 021r.png|21r-a}}
 
|
 
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| [[File:Cod.10799 166r.jpg|300px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cod.10799_166r.jpg]]
 
| <p>[11] <section begin="armor 11"/>A good manoeuvre against armed hands that’s called the “center-of-gravity on both sides” (''die wag auf baid seiten''<ref>Lit: “the balance on both sides”</ref>). If someone wants to stab at you, then during the stab, parry it away and whilst you parry, step in towards him and wind your sword under his arm, and move quickly whilst you wind. Thus attend on whichever leg he has placed foremost with his weight on it and reach down seize his thigh by that same leg with both hands. Lift his leg up and throw him on the back.<section end="armor 11"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 021r.png|21r-c}}
 
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| <p>[13] <section begin="armor 13"/>A good technique for when you step toward someone, and he wants to stab or strike you. So take your sword in both hands and step forward with the right foot and reach in the strike or the stab in his approach with both your hands on the sword, and push him away on the left side, and whilst you push and so drive the step with the sword through his left leg and through his armpit and lift his leg up with the point and throw him on his back. Or place the sword with the pommel and the hand in at the neck, and in this position behind him, place in your right leg behind his left leg and throw him over on to his back.<section end="armor 13"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 021v.png|21v-b}}
 
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| <p>[16] <section begin="armor 16"/>Note: here are described and illustrated in turn four techniques that the masters teach thereby for quite refined wrestling (''hubsche ringen'').
 
 
The first is for when you want to attack someone from the short or long sword, then parry his point strongly up away from his left side and step quickly towards him and reach in under the blade of his sword at the chest, and place in the left hand with the sword at his neck, that in your blade over across (''zwerch'') staying at his neck and during the stab, step behind him and place in your right leg behind his right leg and throw him onto his back over your right leg, using your left hand by his neck.
 
<section end="armor 16"/></p>
 
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| <p>[17] <section begin="armor 17"/>As then you want yet a high stab from the forearmed hand, so parry him then upwards and away, and whilst you parry, stab him with your point, with sword over his blade between his [blade] and his right arm. Step in quickly and displace (''versetz'') him and engage (''verbind'') his left hand and sword with your sword between your hands with the blade above his left hand and step in strongly towards him and press the hand in on his chest and head, so that you you may comfortably come to wrestle or take his sword.<section end="armor 17"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 022r.png|22r-b}}
 
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| <p>[18] <section begin="armor 18"/>This is another technique for when you want smack someone up high, so parry him with the point near his point or push his point up strongly between the hands upwards with your blade and during this parry or shove upward, then let you hand, arm and sword go around and push in forcefully with the pommel under his eyes or his neck. And during this shove, step towards him to wrestle, with whatever you want.<section end="armor 18"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 022r.png|22r-c}}
 
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| [[File:Cod.10799 174r.jpg|300px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cod.10799_174r.jpg]]
 
| <p>[19] <section begin="armor 19"/>The fourth technique will you yet smack someone up high from a forearmed hand: so parry him and push his point off upward and away. During this parry away, approach ever more strongly afterward into him and engage him with the blade by his left hand between your hand with the blade; and crowd him thus to his back and stab him at his left leg. If he prohibits this, then let your sword drop over the head and seize him strongly by the leg with both your hands and arms, and pull him up by the legs strongly and throw him on to his back.<section end="armor 19"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 022r.png|22r-d}}
 
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| [[File:Cod.10799 178r.jpg|300px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cod.10799_178r.jpg]]
 
| <p>[23] <section begin="armor 23"/>A technique taught when having forearmed hands: if you go with a stab, then stab in at him under his arm and step quickly toward him, placing the blade therewith both upon his left arm and placing the point of the sword between his legs and trip up the left leg therewith and with the pommel high and the hand penetrates him low, throw him on to his back.<section end="armor 23"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 022v.png|22v-d}}
 
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| <p>[25] <section begin="armor 25"/>If an expert comes at you, and you want to engage with his sword as a means to wrestle, then let your sword go around his hand and pull his sword out of his hands by the blade using your hilt and pommel. Whilst you pull, then reach through with the right hand and using the pommel of your sword, drop down at him at the bow/arch/bend behind his left leg; and with the left arm and with the blade placed in over on the neck and press him down from above, and trip him up down low with the hilt, and throw him on to his back.<section end="armor 25"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 023r.png|23r-b}}
 
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| <p>[27] <section begin="armor 27"/>Yet another good attack: if the two of you have both attacked high and penetrated each others' defence, then remember: seize his sword by the point with your left hand foremost and pull back a little behind yourself and whilst you pull, thus parry his sword upward and away and step toward him and place one leg in behind his left leg and with the right hand high press him down over that leg, onto his back.<section end="armor 27"/></p>
 
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| <p>[33] <section begin="armor 33"/>[No text]<section end="armor 33"/></p>
 
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| <p>[36] <section begin="armor 36"/>A learned technique for when you stand with your sword at armed hands and someone approaches you and wants to stab or strike from above, then reach up with the blade between your hands and parry him up and away, and during this rebuke,<ref>This is evidently the ''Gerader Versatzung'' ([[Joachim Meÿer|Meyer]], Rapier: 2.74r; Forgeng 2006, 195), or ''Kron''/Crown ([[Jörg Wilhalm Hutter|Hutter]] [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutters kunst zu Augspurg (Cgm 3711)|CGM 3711]], 41r-42r; [[Lienhart Sollinger|Sollinger]] [[Künnst zu fechten vonn dem Lienhartt Sollinger (Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º)|MS 38.21.Aug.2°]], 46r-47r ).</ref> step towards him and push against his sword with the arm up over his head so you are stronger and more direct if he then comes to you, so then proceed to wrestle him.<section end="armor 36"/></p>
 
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| <p>[37] <section begin="armor 37"/>Another similar technique for when you approach someone, thus let the sword-blade go down from your left hand and swing the blade behind, around his head and neck, and grasp the blade in front of and against his neck with your left hand and during this place your left leg behind his left leg and trip him over with the arms, hands and sword over your leg onto his back.<section end="armor 37"/></p>
 
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Revision as of 18:53, 30 March 2018

“Die Blume des Kampfes”
Cod.10799 287v288r.png
Author(s)
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1420s
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical; multiple
incomplete copies exist
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester

Die Blume des Kampfes (“The Flower of Battle”) is a nickname given to a group of three German manuscripts which share a common technical syllabus and set of illustrations.[1] It might possibly be based on the tradition of 14th century Italian master Fiore de'i Liberi, from whose treatise Fior di Battaglia it derives its nickname, given that his works include considerable overlap in technique and artwork. It is equally possible, though, that they represent a separate transmission of an older tradition of which Fiore was himself an initiate; Fiore mentions in his prefaces that he owned books on the art and he also names two older masters in his tradition, Johane Suveno and Nicholai de Toblem; it is possible that either or both of those masters authored texts which inspired both this tradition as well as Fiore's own writings.

Like Fior di Battaglia, die Blume des Kampfes treats mounted fencing, spear, poleaxe/halberd, sword (both long sword and short sword), dagger (including dagger against sword), and grappling; it also includes unique content such as armored sword and shield and dueling with long shields. In comparison to their Italic counterparts, the Germanic works place a greater emphasis on short sword fencing, doubling the number of devices, and also dwarf Fiore's own rather brief treatment of unarmored grappling. The dagger, sword, and polearm material is all more or less consistent across both traditions, and the explanatory text, though unconnected to that of Fiore, demonstrates a similar understanding or interpretation of the techniques.

Manuscripts

The oldest manuscript in the Blume des Kampfes group is the Cod. 5278, which dates to the 1420s[2] and contains only simple line drawings somewhat reminiscent of the art of Fiore de'i Liberi, though differing in many details, lacking many signature characteristics such as garters and crowns, and generally less organized than the Friulian master's work.

The second entry, included in the MS B.26, was completed in ca. 1500 by Ludwig VI von Eyb;[3] it contains a significant degree of overlap with the 5278, though both manuscripts also have a wealth of unique content. While the artwork, apart from being colored, is of similar quality, Eyb's treatise surpasses its fellow by including detailed German descriptions of the devices in most of its sections. (It cannot currently be determined whether this text was authored by Eyb or present in the sources upon which he based his work, but the rest of the material in the B.26 appears to have been unaltered from its sources.)

The final manuscript, Cod. 10799, is dated 1623 and is again text-less.[4] Unlike the previous two manuscripts, however, it is illustrated with watercolors of high quality; it is also the most extensive of the three by far, encompassing nearly every device from both works as well as a number of unique devices that suggest that it was either not derived directly from the other two known manuscripts, or that it used additional sources currently unknown to us. Additionally, where the other two include war books derived from Konrad Kyeser's famous treatise on siege warfare Bellifortis, the artist of the 10799 only included the few Bellifortis illustrations that seem to portray knights and soldiers, perhaps indicating that he did not understand what he was copying. Aside from the Blume des Kampfes material, the 10799 also has a good deal of extra content including portrayals of laying down and taking up the sword, Germanic sash wrestling, armored dagger and buckler, and the sword dance.

There is a fourth Germanic manuscript potentially connected to this tradition, the Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º. This manuscript, dating to between 1465 and 1480,[5] includes a version of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital, a complete set of illustrations from Gladiatoria, and a brief excerpt of Bellifortis. Tucked away amidst these works are illustrations of fencing with sword, spear, ax, and dagger that parallel the teachings of the Blume des Kampfes but only occasionally replicate the artwork exactly. While this may simply be a case of an overambitious artist reinterpreting the illustrations he was copying, the differences are too many to include the manuscript in the concordance below.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. This group has passed unnoticed until very recently, and has not been identified in any previous work on fencing manuals; indeed, most bibliographies of German fencing manuals do not even contain all of the relevant manuscripts. Wierschin (1965) includes only the 10799, and does not appear to have examined it in any depth. Hils (1985) includes only the B.26, and characteristically attributes its content to Hans Talhoffer. Anglo (2001) mentions only the 10799, which he describes in a brief footnote as derived from the Codex Wallerstein (Cod. I.6.4º.2). Bodemer (2008) likewise only briefly mentions the B.26. Finally, Leng (2008) includes both 5278 and B.26, but without the 10799 to make their connection clear he dismisses both as redactions of the work of Fiore de'i Liberi. All four bibliographies include the Cod. guelf. 78.2 Aug. 2º, but do not attempt any explanation for the illustrations connected with this group. None of the treatments of Fiore de'i Liberi's tradition to date have attempted to address these manuscripts either.
  2. The manuscript mentions a duel between Heinrich von Ramstein and Juan de Merlo which occurred on 12 December 1428; the library catalog dates it to ca. 1420/25.
  3. The dedication on folio Ar includes the date 1500.
  4. The dedication on folio 1r states that it was begun in 1623.
  5. According to the library catalog entry.
  6. Presently, a term more commonly associated with firearms evidently originated with throwing of javelins. Schiessen means ‘shooting’, but it is also indicative of ‘throwing’, ‘launching’, ‘discharging’ etc.
  7. A similar method of holding the weapons together is found in Talhoffer.
  8. Lexer equates “Torlich” with temerarius: accidental, rash, thoughtless. I have used the term ‘spontaneous’ in order to avoid an undesirable connotation in English.
  9. Lit: “run under”, “pass under”, “undermine”
  10. This is evidently Talhoffer’s second position for throwing (MS XIX.17-3, 6r; MS 78.A.15, 10r; MS KK5342, 6r)
  11. Gewappent can mean “armed” whilst verwant can mean “relatively”.
  12. Ebers, Vol.5 (1799, 354-355) “Stecken, signifies also, to pitch, to drive or thrust in, to stick”. Pfahle stecken “to set Pales, to drive or thurst them into the ground” also referring to “auf einen Pfahl stekcen, spießen: to impale”. It also follows the implication to Plant, i.e. trees into the ground. Also consider the meanings of “einer Sache das Ziel stecken: to stop the Course of a Thing”, “ein Ziel stecken: to set an Aim or a Mark to aim at”, “sich in Noth stecken: to engage, embark or intangle in a dulle Piece of Trouble”. “Ich weiß wo es steckt: I know the Difficulty of it”. The term stëchen means to Stab, but with a driving action. Such a meaning caused it to be used variously as a synonym for tournament jousting (das turnieren), particularly in poetic works (http://woerterbuchnetz.de/Lexer/?lemid=LS07141 : WIG. SUCH. LIEHT. 71,26. VIRG. 75,5. 546,8. REINFR. B. 27113. ANTEL. 185. 87. FASN. 646,25. CHR. 4. 323,15; 9. 859,2; 10. 375,17). Talhoffer makes use of the term appealing to such chivalric epics in his exordium to Liutold von Koenigsegg. Here we see the logic for why a the sword and spear are to be taken together, as per the preliminary instructions.
  13. wîʒen stv. II. (BMZ III. 781b) beachten, bemerken s. die partic. adj. gewiʒʒen, ungewiʒʒen; mit dat. u. acc. (oder präp. umbe DIEM. BÜCHL. WALTH. WIG.) jemand einen vorwurf woraus od. weshalb machen, ihm es schuld geben, verweisen, allgem. z. b. waʒ wîʒest dû mir? RUL. 50,1. waʒ wîʒet ir mir Hildebrant? BIT. 7655. 980.waʒ wîʒet ir disem wîbe? GLAUB. 2174. daʒ ne darf man ire nicht w. GR.RUD. 21,15. vgl. noch GEN. D. 62,15. ER.6303. BÜCHL. 2,15. MSF. 40,35. 113,17. NEIDH. XXXVII, 4. XXXIX, 12. LIEHT. 48,9. TROJ. 45829 (lies im statt in). AMIS L.1937. CRAON 1720. MART. 148,79. ALBR. 1,318. 24,9. HEINR. 4041. SSP. prol. 14. mit abh. s. der vater weiʒ in, daʒ GEN.65,12; bestrafen KCHR. D. 153,29. REINH. 307,445. ENGELH. 1670. mit ent-, ge-, ver-. gt. veitan nhd. sehen (in gt. in-, fraveitan) zu skr. vid, lat. videre, gr. ἰδεῖν GSP. 321. Z. 154. CURT.3 227. FICK2 189. vgl. wiʒʒen.
  14. The Bohemian Pavise, a form of shield as shown in the illustration named after the city of Pavia, Italy. It became the quintessential duelling weapon, being featured heavily in the Weisskunig. Here it takes the German form of the noun, Pavessen. Because of its size (up to a yard wide, and four or more feet tall) it often became grouped to form a shield-wall known as a Pavisade. It also tended to be used heavily by archers in the English wars with France (Fosbroke 1843, 880)
  15. The implication seems to be that the body stands evenly, and using ponderation, the body-weight is transferred forward to take the opponent by surprise.
  16. starck aus d[er] wag, lit: “strong from the balance”, or in other words, with strength from your stance, or derived from the legs. A good example of kinetic linkage perhaps?
  17. This is evidently the Gerader Versatzung (Meyer, Rapier: 2.74r; Forgeng 2006, 195), or Kron/Crown (Hutter CGM 3711, 41r-42r; Sollinger MS 38.21.Aug.2°, 46r-47r ).
  18. Lit: “the balance on both sides”
  19. This play has a resemblance to Kal, BSB Cgm 1507, 22v, this seems to be Hundsfeldts fourth guard.
  20. Lit: “grip around”
  21. Lit: “run-in”
  22. Lit: “set upon”
  23. Lit: “get-around”
  24. ewich = entwicht, entkommt
  25. The word “fall” in some narratives is known to have been used as euphemism for dying.
  26. Typo! The writer meant "Anclitz".
  27. This same term appears in Lecküchner, Cgm 582, 130v; Cod.Pal.Germ.430, 66r; http://www.hammaborg.de/pdf/transkriptionen/leckuechner_cgm582/zabinski_mitchell_fritz_leckuchner.pdf, p378.
  28. lind = 1. mild, lieblich ; 2. geschmeidig, weich
  29. This paragraph is identical in wording (though not spelling) to folio 35r-a.
  30. This paragraph is identical in wording (though not spelling) to folio 35r-b.
  31. This one reads in the first person, much akin to dei Liberi, and is different in tone to the other instructions.
  32. This technique appears to be the logical set-up for 42v-d.
  33. Leather from deer