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Difference between revisions of "Die Blume des Kampfes"

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| <p>[2] <section begin="armor 10"/>Note: a good deceptive duelling technique (''kampffstuck'') on foot, in armour. When you are in the Arena and want weapons and want the end to be promptly given—then take your sword exposed by the blade in your left hand so that the point stands upright and your [spear]spike ascending in your right hand.
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| <p>[2] <section begin="armor 10"/>Note: a good deceptive duelling technique (''kampffstuck'') on foot, in armour. When you are in the Arena and want weapons and want the end to be promptly given—then take your sword exposed by the blade in your left hand so that the point stands upright and your [spear]spike ascending in your right hand.<p>
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And if he then steps toward you with his spear, and he proceeds to charge at you, then prepare to throw [yours] at him, and yet you do want to exchange throws with each other, then profur him at the third moment throw the Spear strongly at him and so you run at him while the shot causes him concern and he must parry the spear away—then seize your sword by the hand and hilt, and shove it strongly at him, and whilst he attempts to recover, then go at him and fall in under him to penetrate in with both hands and arms onto his, or by the arse, and pull him strongly toward you.  
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</p>And if he then steps toward you with his spear, and he proceeds to charge at you, then prepare to throw [yours] at him, and yet you do want to exchange throws with each other, then proffer him at the third moment throw the Spear strongly at him and so you run at him while the shot causes him concern and he must parry the spear away—then seize your sword by the hand and hilt, and shove it strongly at him, and whilst he attempts to recover, then go at him and fall in under him to penetrate in with both hands and arms onto his, or by the arse, and pull him strongly toward you.<p>
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During the pull, place your head low on his chest, and penetrate and break him high on his chest with the head quickly, over your arm on to his back, and do this bravely and quickly with your force, so you will freely succeed, so must you also learn well how to shoot forward with the spear and sword.<section end="armor 10"/></p>
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</p>During the pull, place your head low on his chest, and penetrate and break him high on his chest with the head quickly, over your arm on to his back, and do this bravely and quickly with your force, so you will freely succeed, so must you also learn well how to shoot forward with the spear and sword.<section end="armor 10"/></p>
 
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| <p>[3] <section begin="shield 2"/>A shot<ref>Presently, a term more commonly associated with firearms evidently originated with throwing of javelins. Schiessen means ‘shooting’, but it is also indicative of ‘throwing’, ‘launching’, ‘discharging’ etc.</ref> with the spear: take your sword by the blade in your left hand and spear in the right hand. Angle the [spear-]shaft forward, and raise the hilt of the sword to place them together<ref>A similar method of holding the weapons together is found in [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Talhoffer]].</ref> to quite spontaneously<ref>Lexer equates “Torlich” with ''temerarius'': accidental, rash, thoughtless. I have used the term ‘spontaneous’ in order to avoid an undesirable connotation in English.</ref> charge at him. And if he runs in directly at you whilst you are justly charging, then thrust upwards quickly with the sword and with the shaft hand, and shoot in at him. And whilst there is this protection (''schutz''), then run in at him with the sword and stab. With this action yet he cannot yet come around to his sword, and thereby tackle (''unterlauff''<ref>Lit: “run under”, “pass under”, “undermine”</ref>) his spear as well so that he may not have a shot at you and thus stab at him quite hard until he comes in to the sword.<section end="shield 2"/></p>
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| <p>[3] <section begin="shield 2"/>A shot<ref>Presently, a term more commonly associated with firearms evidently originated with throwing of javelins. ''Schiessen'' means ‘shooting’, but it is also indicative of ‘throwing’, ‘launching’, ‘discharging’ etc.</ref> with the spear: take your sword by the blade in your left hand and spear in the right hand. Angle the [spear-]shaft forward, and raise the hilt of the sword to place them together<ref>A similar method of holding the weapons together is found in [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Talhoffer]].</ref> to quite spontaneously<ref>Lexer equates “Torlich” with ''temerarius'': accidental, rash, thoughtless. I have used the term ‘spontaneous’ in order to avoid an undesirable connotation in English.</ref> charge at him. And if he runs in directly at you whilst you are justly charging, then thrust upwards quickly with the sword and with the shaft hand, and shoot in at him. And whilst there is this protection (''schutz''), then run in at him with the sword and stab. With this action yet he cannot yet come around to his sword, and thereby tackle (''unterlauff''<ref>Lit: “run under”, “pass under”, “undermine”</ref>) his spear as well so that he may not have a shot at you and thus stab at him quite hard until he comes in to the sword.<section end="shield 2"/></p>
 
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| <p>[9] <section begin="shield 7"/>Yet again quite a good technique against forearmed hands using the Spear:
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| <p>[9] <section begin="shield 7"/>Yet again quite a good technique against forearmed hands using the Spear:<p>
  
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If you step towards someone with the spear, then reduce the distance between your hands [''nym In kurtzer In die handt''] than his is, and if he wants to stab at you this way, then rebuke<ref>wîʒen ''stv. II.'' (BMZ III. 781b) ''beachten, bemerken s. die partic. adj.'' gewiʒʒen, ungewiʒʒen; ''mit dat. u. acc.'' (''oder präp.'' umbe DIEM. BÜCHL. WALTH. WIG.) ''jemand einen vorwurf woraus od. weshalb machen, ihm es schuld geben, verweisen, allgem. z. b.'' waʒ wîʒest dû mir? RUL. 50,1. waʒ wîʒet ir mir Hildebrant? BIT. 7655. 980.waʒ wîʒet ir disem wîbe? GLAUB. 2174. daʒ ne darf man ire nicht w. GR.RUD. 21,15. ''vgl. noch'' GEN. D. 62,15. ER.6303. BÜCHL. 2,15. MSF. 40,35. 113,17. NEIDH. XXXVII, 4. XXXIX, 12. LIEHT. 48,9. TROJ. 45829 (''lies'' im ''statt'' in). AMIS L.1937. CRAON 1720. MART. 148,79. ALBR. 1,318. 24,9. HEINR. 4041. SSP. ''prol.'' 14. ''mit abh. s.'' der vater weiʒ in, daʒ GEN.65,12; ''bestrafen'' KCHR. D. 153,29. REINH. 307,445. ENGELH. 1670. ''mit'' ent-, ge-, ver-. ''gt.'' veitan ''nhd. sehen'' (''in gt.'' in-, fraveitan) ''zu skr.'' vid, ''lat.'' videre, gr. ἰδεῖν GSP. 321. Z. 154. CURT.3 227. FICK2 189. ''vgl. wiʒʒen.''</ref> (parry) his stab away with the spear, and whilst you parry, step toward him and stab him with your spear through the surcoat between his legs and let it slope down [''hangen''], during whatever you then drive at him.
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</p>If you step towards someone with the spear, then reduce the distance between your hands [''nym In kurtzer In die handt''] than his is, and if he wants to stab at you this way, then rebuke<ref>wîʒen ''stv. II.'' (BMZ III. 781b) ''beachten, bemerken s. die partic. adj.'' gewiʒʒen, ungewiʒʒen; ''mit dat. u. acc.'' (''oder präp.'' umbe DIEM. BÜCHL. WALTH. WIG.) ''jemand einen vorwurf woraus od. weshalb machen, ihm es schuld geben, verweisen, allgem. z. b.'' waʒ wîʒest dû mir? RUL. 50,1. waʒ wîʒet ir mir Hildebrant? BIT. 7655. 980.waʒ wîʒet ir disem wîbe? GLAUB. 2174. daʒ ne darf man ire nicht w. GR.RUD. 21,15. ''vgl. noch'' GEN. D. 62,15. ER.6303. BÜCHL. 2,15. MSF. 40,35. 113,17. NEIDH. XXXVII, 4. XXXIX, 12. LIEHT. 48,9. TROJ. 45829 (''lies'' im ''statt'' in). AMIS L.1937. CRAON 1720. MART. 148,79. ALBR. 1,318. 24,9. HEINR. 4041. SSP. ''prol.'' 14. ''mit abh. s.'' der vater weiʒ in, daʒ GEN.65,12; ''bestrafen'' KCHR. D. 153,29. REINH. 307,445. ENGELH. 1670. ''mit'' ent-, ge-, ver-. ''gt.'' veitan ''nhd. sehen'' (''in gt.'' in-, fraveitan) ''zu skr.'' vid, ''lat.'' videre, gr. ἰδεῖν GSP. 321. Z. 154. CURT.3 227. FICK2 189. ''vgl. wiʒʒen.''</ref> (parry) his stab away with the spear, and whilst you parry, step toward him and stab him with your spear through the surcoat between his legs and let it slope down [''hangen''], during whatever you then drive at him.<p>
  
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So twist in the spear firmly, release your rear grip to seize it over your back, so as to reach in with the spear through his legs. Allow the point to go to the ground and lift the shaft up strongly in front of you. And so, with it in the ground between his legs, throw him on his back.
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</p>So twist in the spear firmly, release your rear grip to seize it over your back, so as to reach in with the spear through his legs. Allow the point to go to the ground and lift the shaft up strongly in front of you. And so, with it in the ground between his legs, throw him on his back.<section end="shield 7"/></p>
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<section end="shield 7"/></p>
 
 
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| <p>[10] <section begin="shield 8"/>Note; Here there are three techniques described in sequence:
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| <p>[10] <section begin="shield 8"/>Note; Here there are three techniques described in sequence:<p>
  
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The first is a throw with the spear, the other a low stab with the sword, the third is a high stab with the sword and these three deceptive techniques are for when duelling with someone in armour and forearmed in accordance with the German customs of duelling.
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</p>The first is a throw with the spear, the other a low stab with the sword, the third is a high stab with the sword and these three deceptive techniques are for when duelling with someone in armour and forearmed in accordance with the German customs of duelling.<p>
  
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So take your spear in your right hand in order to throw. In your left hand take together both a Pavise<ref>The Bohemian Pavise, a form of shield as shown in the illustration named after the city of Pavia, Italy. It became the quintessential duelling weapon, being featured heavily in the Weisskunig. Here it takes the German form of the noun, Pavessen.  Because of its size (up to a yard wide, and four or more feet tall) it often became grouped to form a shield-wall known as a Pavisade. It also tended to be used heavily by archers in the English wars with France (Fosbroke 1843, 880)</ref> and a sword with a heavy pommel held upright by the blade. Cover your openings and peer out and from there with the Pavise. Also, step toward him and from this position, throw the spear strongly in at him. Whilst he attempts to parry the shot, then grasp your sword by the hilt and run in at him. Thus you run his spear away and give him an unexpected low lead-thrust while approaching from your centre-of-gravity (balance) pushed and shoved, with a similar stab at his helmet. You stab someone through any [form of] Arena armour.
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</p>So take your spear in your right hand in order to throw. In your left hand take together both a Pavise<ref>The Bohemian Pavise, a form of shield as shown in the illustration named after the city of Pavia, Italy. It became the quintessential duelling weapon, being featured heavily in the Weisskunig. Here it takes the German form of the noun, Pavessen.  Because of its size (up to a yard wide, and four or more feet tall) it often became grouped to form a shield-wall known as a Pavisade. It also tended to be used heavily by archers in the English wars with France (Fosbroke 1843, 880)</ref> and a sword with a heavy pommel held upright by the blade. Cover your openings and peer out and from there with the Pavise. Also, step toward him and from this position, throw the spear strongly in at him. Whilst he attempts to parry the shot, then grasp your sword by the hilt and run in at him. Thus you run his spear away and give him an unexpected low lead-thrust while approaching from your centre-of-gravity (balance) pushed and shoved, with a similar stab at his helmet. You stab someone through any [form of] Arena armour.
 
<section end="shield 8"/></p>
 
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| <p>[10] <section begin="armor 16"/>Note: here are described and illustrated in turn four techniques that the masters teach thereby for quite refined wrestling (''hubsche ringen'').
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| <p>[10] <section begin="armor 16"/>Note: here are described and illustrated in turn four techniques that the masters teach thereby for quite refined wrestling (''hubsche ringen'').<p>
  
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The first is for when you want to attack someone from the short or long sword, then parry his point strongly up away from his left side and step quickly towards him and reach in under the blade of his sword at the chest, and place in the left hand with the sword at his neck, that in your blade over across (''zwerch'') staying at his neck and during the stab, step behind him and place in your right leg behind his right leg and throw him onto his back over your right leg, using your left hand by his neck.
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</p>The first is for when you want to attack someone from the short or long sword, then parry his point strongly up away from his left side and step quickly towards him and reach in under the blade of his sword at the chest, and place in the left hand with the sword at his neck, that in your blade over across (''zwerch'') staying at his neck and during the stab, step behind him and place in your right leg behind his right leg and throw him onto his back over your right leg, using your left hand by his neck.<section end="armor 16"/></p>
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<section end="armor 16"/></p>
 
 
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| <p>[11] <section begin="armor 17"/>As then you want yet a high stab from the forearmed hand, so parry him then upwards and away, and whilst you parry, stab him with your point, with sword over his blade between his [blade] and his right arm. Step in quickly and displace (''versetz'') him and engage (''verbind'') his left hand and sword with your sword between your hands with the blade above his left hand and step in strongly towards him and press the hand in on his chest and head, so that you you may comfortably come to wrestle or take his sword.<section end="armor 17"/></p>
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| <p>[11] <section begin="armor 17"/>As then you want yet a high stab from the forearmed hand, so parry him then upwards and away, and whilst you parry, stab him with your point, with sword over his blade between his [blade] and his right arm. Step in quickly and displace (''versetz'') him and engage (''verbind'') his left hand and sword with your sword between your hands with the blade above his left hand and step in strongly towards him and press the hand in on his chest and head, so that you may comfortably come to wrestle or take his sword.<section end="armor 17"/></p>
 
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| <p>[15] <section begin="armor 6"/>If you want to parry every stab and strike and to take his sword because you want to attack, then take your sword in both forearmed hands, and rest the blade in your left hand at your left leg over your knee, with the point thrust downwards and with your right hand by the hilt at your chest, so that the pommel goes underneath your right armpit. Stand thus in this manner when someone steps against you and wants to attack you with the pommel. So parry his strike and lift up the sword with both your hands and reach in to strike with the blade between your hands.
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| <p>[15] <section begin="armor 6"/>If you want to parry every stab and strike and to take his sword because you want to attack, then take your sword in both forearmed hands, and rest the blade in your left hand at your left leg over your knee, with the point thrust downwards and with your right hand by the hilt at your chest, so that the pommel goes underneath your right armpit. Stand thus in this manner when someone steps against you and wants to attack you with the pommel. So parry his strike and lift up the sword with both your hands and reach in to strike with the blade between your hands.<p>
  
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And during the parry, go so that you let go of your sword and seize his sword by the hand and hilt. Pull it from his hands so that you have a sword and he doesn’t – thus in this described lesson he may not come before you and keep his sword. Yet if you want to strike him with the pommel, or you want to parry the stab but cannot take his sword, then enter for some good wrestling and push onward as I have mentioned in the other techniques.<ref>This play has a resemblance to Kal, [[Page:Cgm 1507 22v.jpg|BSB Cgm 1507, 22v]], this seems to be Hundsfeldts fourth guard.</ref><section end="armor 6"/></p>
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</p>And during the parry, go so that you let go of your sword and seize his sword by the hand and hilt. Pull it from his hands so that you have a sword and he doesn’t—thus in this described lesson he may not come before you and keep his sword. Yet if you want to strike him with the pommel, or you want to parry the stab but cannot take his sword, then enter for some good wrestling and push onward as I have mentioned in the other techniques.<ref>This play has a resemblance to Kal, [[Page:Cgm 1507 22v.jpg|BSB Cgm 1507, 22v]], this seems to be Hundsfeldts fourth guard.</ref><section end="armor 6"/></p>
 
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| <p>[30] <section begin="armor 12"/>A good technique indeed to a forearmed hand. When you stand infront of someone, then hold your sword in a forearmed hand and place your left leg forward, laying the blade at the leg with the point at the knee, that the point stands going down towards the ground and the pommel goes upward to your right armpit.
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| <p>[30] <section begin="armor 12"/>A good technique indeed to a forearmed hand. When you stand in front of someone, then hold your sword in a forearmed hand and place your left leg forward, laying the blade at the leg with the point at the knee, that the point stands going down towards the ground and the pommel goes upward to your right armpit.<p>
  
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And stand thusly when he steps in against you, and you want to attack, so parry away during the stab with the point and whilst you parry, then step forward quickly with the right foot inside his left leg. And during both the parry and step, twist your sword around in your hand so the pommel comes in at his neck and throw him over your right leg by his left leg with the pommel over his neck. But he pulls back his left leg, and thus steps backwards, then offer him a deadly (''mortlichen'') thrust (''stoss'') with the pommel under his eyes and shall yet then do so on the right as before. Also it must be performed quickly all-at-the-same-time (''miteinander'', together): the parry away, the step behind and the pommel to the neck, then you throw him.<section end="armor 12"/></p>
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</p>And stand thusly when he steps in against you, and you want to attack, so parry away during the stab with the point and whilst you parry, then step forward quickly with the right foot inside his left leg. And during both the parry and step, twist your sword around in your hand so the pommel comes in at his neck and throw him over your right leg by his left leg with the pommel over his neck. But he pulls back his left leg, and thus steps backwards, then offer him a deadly (''mortlichen'') thrust (''stoss'') with the pommel under his eyes and shall yet then do so on the right as before. Also it must be performed quickly all-at-the-same-time (''miteinander'', together): the parry away, the step behind and the pommel to the neck, then you throw him.<section end="armor 12"/></p>
 
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| <p>[36] <section begin="armor 22"/>Yet an attack that you set upon him from above, and he wants to defend you and your sword strikes upwards and away. So let your pommel go forward and rotate (''wind'') under both his arms and place your right leg against him, behind his left leg and throw him over with your arms, with the sword under his armpits infront of his chest, over your leg on to his back.<section end="armor 22"/></p>
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| <p>[36] <section begin="armor 22"/>Yet an attack that you set upon him from above, and he wants to defend you and your sword strikes upwards and away. So let your pommel go forward and rotate (''wind'') under both his arms and place your right leg against him, behind his left leg and throw him over with your arms, with the sword under his armpits in front of his chest, over your leg on to his back.<section end="armor 22"/></p>
 
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| <p>[41] <section begin="armor 29"/>Indeed a good strike technique from an armed man’s hand. If someone does not have armoured legs and drives in the sword in an approach with armed hand and should it come to an engagement, then drop the sword into the Iron Door (''eissnen Pfortten'') and step with your right foot forward and go up from below with a stab out of the Iron Door to his face and if he is wary of this, thus do a double step (''zwiefachen trit'') with your leading right foot on his left side and whilst you step, quickly let your sword go around over your head and cut him up close to his left leg at the calf so that he sits back [into a back stance?]<section end="armor 29"/></p>
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| <p>[41] <section begin="armor 29"/>Indeed a good strike technique from an armed man’s hand. If someone does not have armoured legs and drives in the sword in an approach with armed hand and should it come to an engagement, then drop the sword into the Iron Door (''eissnen Pfortten'') and step with your right foot forward and go up from below with a stab out of the Iron Door to his face and if he is wary of this, thus do a double step (''zwiefachen trit'') with your leading right foot on his left side and whilst you step, quickly let your sword go around over your head and cut him up close to his left leg at the calf so that he sits back [into a back stance?].<section end="armor 29"/></p>
 
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| <p>[1] <section begin="grappling 2"/>A quite good French wrestle for when you go at someone such that he grips you by the middle and wants to lift you up. So let yourself be lifted and seize him with your left arm around the back of his neck and seize him with that self-same hand by the chest and grip him tightly.</p>
 
| <p>[1] <section begin="grappling 2"/>A quite good French wrestle for when you go at someone such that he grips you by the middle and wants to lift you up. So let yourself be lifted and seize him with your left arm around the back of his neck and seize him with that self-same hand by the chest and grip him tightly.</p>
  
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<p>And strike him with your left leg between his legs, and with your left leg and foot, wrap (''wint'') it around his right leg and press and shove him over pulling him down and cradle his right leg upward with your leg and foot. Thus must he fall on his back. .</p>
+
<p>And strike him with your left leg between his legs, and with your left leg and foot, wrap (''wint'') it around his right leg and press and shove him over pulling him down and cradle his right leg upward with your leg and foot. Thus must he fall on his back.</p>
  
 
<p>And on whichever side he bends<ref>This same term appears in [[Johannes Lecküchner|Lecküchner]], [[Page:Cgm 582 130v.jpg|Cgm 582, 130v]]; [[Page:Kunst des Messerfechtens (Cod.Pal.Germ.430).pdf/141|Cod.Pal.Germ.430, 66r]]; http://www.hammaborg.de/pdf/transkriptionen/leckuechner_cgm582/zabinski_mitchell_fritz_leckuchner.pdf, p378.</ref> you, such that he means to throw you, then always place your available foot (''ledigen fuss'') forward and let yourself push [brace] with it. Thus he cannot throw you, and always bend him down from above and cradle his leg down tightly, so he must indeed fall also with the self-same left leg so that you have struck around his right leg. You may wish to seize over the right half by wrapping outwards around his other left leg and also wrap that around with your left leg and foot and in such a way that thus strongly unbalances him, and weigh down over onto his back, pressing down so that he falls onto his back.<section end="grappling 2"/></p>
 
<p>And on whichever side he bends<ref>This same term appears in [[Johannes Lecküchner|Lecküchner]], [[Page:Cgm 582 130v.jpg|Cgm 582, 130v]]; [[Page:Kunst des Messerfechtens (Cod.Pal.Germ.430).pdf/141|Cod.Pal.Germ.430, 66r]]; http://www.hammaborg.de/pdf/transkriptionen/leckuechner_cgm582/zabinski_mitchell_fritz_leckuchner.pdf, p378.</ref> you, such that he means to throw you, then always place your available foot (''ledigen fuss'') forward and let yourself push [brace] with it. Thus he cannot throw you, and always bend him down from above and cradle his leg down tightly, so he must indeed fall also with the self-same left leg so that you have struck around his right leg. You may wish to seize over the right half by wrapping outwards around his other left leg and also wrap that around with your left leg and foot and in such a way that thus strongly unbalances him, and weigh down over onto his back, pressing down so that he falls onto his back.<section end="grappling 2"/></p>
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| [[File:MS B.26 034r-a.png|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS B.26 034r-a.png|400px|center]]
−
| <p>[3] <section begin="grappling 4"/>A good wrestle for when someone wrestles with you using the arms: So seize him with your right hand wrapping inwards by his left shoulder and with your left hand by his right arm near his elbow.
+
| <p>[3] <section begin="grappling 4"/>A good wrestle for when someone wrestles with you using the arms: So seize him with your right hand wrapping inwards by his left shoulder and with your left hand by his right arm near his elbow.<p>
  
−
And you want then to reach with your right arm through his left armpit and trap him over both his arms under your right armpit and during the pin, thus turn yourself around so that your back goes into his stomach, and during the pin and turn-around, displace him with your right leg maneuvered close to, and behind, his right leg. And throw him over your leg using your leg onto his back. Also you must then hold quite tightly under his arm with your left hand.<section end="grappling 4"/></p>
+
</p>And you want then to reach with your right arm through his left armpit and trap him over both his arms under your right armpit and during the pin, thus turn yourself around so that your back goes into his stomach, and during the pin and turn-around, displace him with your right leg maneuvered close to, and behind, his right leg. And throw him over your leg using your leg onto his back. Also you must then hold quite tightly under his arm with your left hand.<section end="grappling 4"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 034r.png|34r-a}}
 
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−
| <p>[4] <section begin="grappling 5"/>A good wrestle for when you have been seized by someone on the arm, then on whichever side you are under, on the same side place the same shoulder hard underneath against his chest and press him down firmly and grasp under his arm by putting your over-hand behind the elbow. </p>
+
| <p>[4] <section begin="grappling 5"/>A good wrestle for when you have been seized by someone on the arm, then on whichever side you are under, on the same side place the same shoulder hard underneath against his chest and press him down firmly and grasp under his arm by putting your over-hand behind the elbow.</p>
  
 
<p>And then lift him out and away strongly and throw yourself around at the side so that the arm is underneath, and hold him at the hip and place that same leg [the right one in this case, as illustrated] manoeuvred close to his leg. And lift him with the hip, and throw him over the hip and the leg, onto his back.<section end="grappling 5"/></p>
 
<p>And then lift him out and away strongly and throw yourself around at the side so that the arm is underneath, and hold him at the hip and place that same leg [the right one in this case, as illustrated] manoeuvred close to his leg. And lift him with the hip, and throw him over the hip and the leg, onto his back.<section end="grappling 5"/></p>
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| <p>[5] <section begin="grappling 6"/>A good wrestle using the arms, or when you have seized someone in a hold with your left arm. If so, grasp him with the left arm over by his neck and in the hold you may throw yourself around on your right side, and step towards him and throw him over your hip by his stomach and neck onto his back. </p>
+
| <p>[5] <section begin="grappling 6"/>A good wrestle using the arms, or when you have seized someone in a hold with your left arm. If so, grasp him with the left arm over by his neck and in the hold you may throw yourself around on your right side, and step towards him and throw him over your hip by his stomach and neck onto his back.</p>
  
 
<p>Also during the throw, your left arm may be augmented with your right hand. You must grip your left hand and break him with the left arm and both hands by his neck over your hip by his stomach onto his back.<section end="grappling 6"/></p>
 
<p>Also during the throw, your left arm may be augmented with your right hand. You must grip your left hand and break him with the left arm and both hands by his neck over your hip by his stomach onto his back.<section end="grappling 6"/></p>
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| [[File:Cod.5278 190r-a.png|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.5278 190r-a.png|400px|center]]
−
| <p>[7] <section begin="grappling 40"/>A good charging wrestle if you go at someone in armour: then stamp on his foot - whichever foot he has placed foremost - and as you do so, strike him with your front foot, with the toes behind his heel, and push him over away from you, so that if you fail getting it, then he cannot get you. Then if he pulls his same foot and puts the other foot forward, then consider to stamp on this foot as well, and during the strike, then always push him from over away from you, and with [?] toes, then always strike his foremost leading heel away so that he falls.<section end="grappling 40"/></p>
+
| <p>[7] <section begin="grappling 40"/>A good charging wrestle if you go at someone in armour: then stamp on his foot—whichever foot he has placed foremost—and as you do so, strike him with your front foot, with the toes behind his heel, and push him over away from you, so that if you fail getting it, then he cannot get you. Then if he pulls his same foot and puts the other foot forward, then consider to stamp on this foot as well, and during the strike, then always push him from over away from you, and with [?] toes, then always strike his foremost leading heel away so that he falls.<section end="grappling 40"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 040v.png|40v-a}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 040v.png|40v-a}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.5278 190r.png|190r-a|blk=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.5278 190r.png|190r-a|blk=1}}
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| [[File:Cod.5278 190r-b.png|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.5278 190r-b.png|400px|center]]
−
| <p>[8] <section begin="grappling 41"/>Yet another good wrestle for when you go at someone: </p>
+
| <p>[8] <section begin="grappling 41"/>Yet another good wrestle for when you go at someone:</p>
  
−
<p>Thus consider and grip him with the left hand on his right arm by the hand, and the right hand up by the muscle on the upper arm. </p>
+
<p>Thus consider and grip him with the left hand on his right arm by the hand, and the right hand up by the muscle on the upper arm.</p>
  
 
<p>And pull him over towards yourself and bend backwards with you, wanting to pluck him. And lift him tightly whilst you strike him with your right foot between his legs on his right heel. And pull him toward you and immediately strike in behind outside on the front of his left foot with the toes. And yet pull him by the arm toward you, and to strike him from you so that he falls.<section end="grappling 41"/></p>
 
<p>And pull him over towards yourself and bend backwards with you, wanting to pluck him. And lift him tightly whilst you strike him with your right foot between his legs on his right heel. And pull him toward you and immediately strike in behind outside on the front of his left foot with the toes. And yet pull him by the arm toward you, and to strike him from you so that he falls.<section end="grappling 41"/></p>
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| [[File:MS B.26 036r-c.png|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS B.26 036r-c.png|400px|center]]
−
| <p>[31] <section begin="grappling 17"/>A good wrestle using the arms or feet with a charge (''zu lauffen'') as you wish. </p>
+
| <p>[31] <section begin="grappling 17"/>A good wrestle using the arms or feet with a charge (''zu lauffen'') as you wish.</p>
  
−
<p>So if you keep well because you have come into holds with someone, and have your right arm underneath, when it suits you, then seize with your left over-arm through his right armpit and seize him by the chest. </p>
+
<p>So if you keep well because you have come into holds with someone, and have your right arm underneath, when it suits you, then seize with your left over-arm through his right armpit and seize him by the chest.</p>
  
 
<p>So also keep him his right arm under your left armpit and lift there immediately with your armpit. And if you also want have hold of him, then throw yourself around and pull your right arm underneath. And during this pull and around-throwing, place your left leg forward in front of both his legs, and throw him thus over the leg with your left arm holding his right arm, and on his chest at the back or at the side—so he must fall or break his arm.<section end="grappling 17"/></p>
 
<p>So also keep him his right arm under your left armpit and lift there immediately with your armpit. And if you also want have hold of him, then throw yourself around and pull your right arm underneath. And during this pull and around-throwing, place your left leg forward in front of both his legs, and throw him thus over the leg with your left arm holding his right arm, and on his chest at the back or at the side—so he must fall or break his arm.<section end="grappling 17"/></p>
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| <p>[35] <section begin="grappling 21"/>Yet a similar wrestle: then you must shift your lead foot: when you have just gotten hold with anyone who has his right arm underneath, then drop deeply onto one knee. And make him yours. And when it suits you,  and if he has placed his right foot forward, then throw yourself around in front of him, and drop onto your left knee, and place in your right leg close around the outside of his right leg to throw him over that leg onto his back. </p>
 
| <p>[35] <section begin="grappling 21"/>Yet a similar wrestle: then you must shift your lead foot: when you have just gotten hold with anyone who has his right arm underneath, then drop deeply onto one knee. And make him yours. And when it suits you,  and if he has placed his right foot forward, then throw yourself around in front of him, and drop onto your left knee, and place in your right leg close around the outside of his right leg to throw him over that leg onto his back. </p>
  
−
<p>And with the left hand over his right arm [held] by the bicep, thereby break[push] him down strongly and with your right arm under his left armpit, throw strongly according to the need with eachother strongly, and drag quickly.<section end="grappling 21"/></p>
+
<p>And with the left hand over his right arm [held] by the bicep, thereby break[push] him down strongly and with your right arm under his left armpit, throw strongly according to the need with each other strongly, and drag quickly.<section end="grappling 21"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 036v.png|36v-d}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 036v.png|36v-d}}
 
|  
 
|  
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| [[File:MS B.26 041v-c.png|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS B.26 041v-c.png|400px|center]]
−
| <p>[39] <section begin="grappling 48"/>When both of you have entered into the hold with each other, such that one cannot lift up the other: there is only one instruction – when he lifts, so you lift as well.<section end="grappling 48"/></p>
+
| <p>[39] <section begin="grappling 48"/>When both of you have entered into the hold with each other, such that one cannot lift up the other: there is only one instruction—when he lifts, so you lift as well.<section end="grappling 48"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 041v.png|41v-c}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 041v.png|41v-c}}
 
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| [[File:MS B.26 043r-a.png|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS B.26 043r-a.png|400px|center]]
−
| <p>[40] <section begin="grappling 56"/>Note: when you attempt to seize someone at the arms in order to wrestle, you will cause him great pain on whichever side that he seizes you. </p>
+
| <p>[40] <section begin="grappling 56"/>Note: when you attempt to seize someone at the arms in order to wrestle, you will cause him great pain on whichever side that he seizes you.</p>
  
−
<p>So always strike him the same using your other arm at the same side, crosswise over his arm and press into him, and turn yourself to attempt to break yourself away from him moving from one arm to the other. </p>
+
<p>So always strike him the same using your other arm at the same side, crosswise over his arm and press into him, and turn yourself to attempt to break yourself away from him moving from one arm to the other.</p>
  
−
<p>And turn and press and break his arm at the wrist as you move underneath strongly, so you always cause damage in harness or exposed quite low by him. And you hurt him as soon as possible so he can never therefore get a hold. If you aim to cause damage to his joint by his hand, and when you thus learn to Wrestle, at the instigation or assault, to always learn to dominate him masterfully by oneself and to keep countering.<section end="grappling 56"/></p>
+
<p>And turn and press and break his arm at the wrist as you move underneath strongly, so you always cause damage in harness or exposed quite low by him. And you hurt him as soon as possible so he can never therefore get a hold. If you aim to cause damage to his joint by his hand, and when you thus learn to Wrestle, at the instigation or assault, to always learn to dominate him masterfully by oneself and to keep countering.<section end="grappling 56"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 043r.png|43r-a}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 043r.png|43r-a}}
 
|  
 
|  
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| [[File:MS B.26 043r-c.png|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS B.26 043r-c.png|400px|center]]
−
| <p>[41] <section begin="grappling 57"/>If you wish to cause someone pain, you attack high and break his arm, therefore wanting to wrestle using the arms. </p>
+
| <p>[41] <section begin="grappling 57"/>If you wish to cause someone pain, you attack high and break his arm, therefore wanting to wrestle using the arms.</p>
  
 
<p>On whichever side he has seized you, then always strike him on the same side as this to the other arm, crosswise over his arm and move to press strongly into yourself with your arms. And then seize together with your available hand, between you and from him, and grip your arm by the hand on his available hand and thereby you strongly squeeze with force, so that you will break his arm off.<section end="grappling 57"/></p>
 
<p>On whichever side he has seized you, then always strike him on the same side as this to the other arm, crosswise over his arm and move to press strongly into yourself with your arms. And then seize together with your available hand, between you and from him, and grip your arm by the hand on his available hand and thereby you strongly squeeze with force, so that you will break his arm off.<section end="grappling 57"/></p>
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| [[File:MS B.26 041r-a.png|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS B.26 041r-a.png|400px|center]]
−
| <p>[48] <section begin="grappling 42"/>Yet one good wrestle: hold someone with your right hand behind his collar and with the left hand by his right elbow. And when he places his left foot foremost, thus strike him in with the right foot in front of him with the toes behind his left heel. And during the strike, pull him over strongly down and backward by the neck, and afterwards, shove the elbow strong accordingly, and lift up his heel with the toes strongly. And throw him backwards using the arms on his back such that you remain standing.<section end="grappling 42"/></p>
+
| <p>[48] <section begin="grappling 42"/>Yet one good wrestle: hold someone with your right hand behind his collar and with the left hand by his right elbow. And when he places his left foot foremost, thus strike him in with the right foot in front of him with the toes behind his left heel. And during the strike, pull him over strongly down and backward by the neck, and afterwards, shove the elbow strong accordingly, and lift his heel with the toes strongly. And throw him backwards using the arms on his back such that you remain standing.<section end="grappling 42"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 041r.png|41r-a}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 041r.png|41r-a}}
 
|  
 
|  
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| [[File:MS B.26 041r-b.png|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS B.26 041r-b.png|400px|center]]
−
| <p>[49] <section begin="grappling 43"/>Another good wrestle for when you have just taken hold of someone: thus seize him promptly and manipulate him around to cause him pain. And guard yourself throughout so that he cannot meanwhile throw you. </p>
+
| <p>[49] <section begin="grappling 43"/>Another good wrestle for when you have just taken hold of someone: thus seize him promptly and manipulate him around to cause him pain. And guard yourself throughout so that he cannot meanwhile throw you.</p>
  
 
<p>When he then his takes every risk, then [pull his] back in to you, and lift him up and strike him with one leg between his legs, and cradle him with your leg up. And throw him onto his back.<section end="grappling 43"/></p>
 
<p>When he then his takes every risk, then [pull his] back in to you, and lift him up and strike him with one leg between his legs, and cradle him with your leg up. And throw him onto his back.<section end="grappling 43"/></p>
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| [[File:Cod.5278 195r-a.png|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.5278 195r-a.png|400px|center]]
−
| <p>[58] <section begin="grappling 25"/>Yet a quite good wrestle for when you have just gotten hold with anyone: thus strike in your head at his shoulder, yet boldly from one shoulder to the other, so he is yours. You then have right side low, such that you lay in at him with your head at his left shoulder and during this positioning, thus seize him out-around [his arm] with your arm over around his neck between your head and his head. </p>
+
| <p>[58] <section begin="grappling 25"/>Yet a quite good wrestle for when you have just gotten hold with anyone: thus strike in your head at his shoulder, yet boldly from one shoulder to the other, so he is yours. You then have right side low, such that you lay in at him with your head at his left shoulder and during this positioning, thus seize him out-around [his arm] with your arm over around his neck between your head and his head.</p>
  
−
<p>And hold the head under your left armpit to squeeze tightly. And you block low with the feet gathered to throw him, so he falls. </p>
+
<p>And hold the head under your left armpit to squeeze tightly. And you block low with the feet gathered to throw him, so he falls.</p>
  
 
<p>Yet if he doesn’t and he pulls your head, if you thereby grip thus to step towards him during the pull, and seize with your right arm low, under his armpit going behind, over his left shoulder and place in the arm at his neck, and during this placement, then seize down winding out-around in front of yourself with your left arm going in behind his knee-bend. And lift his leg up and pluck him down with the aforementioned arm over at this neck, and throw him.<section end="grappling 25"/></p>
 
<p>Yet if he doesn’t and he pulls your head, if you thereby grip thus to step towards him during the pull, and seize with your right arm low, under his armpit going behind, over his left shoulder and place in the arm at his neck, and during this placement, then seize down winding out-around in front of yourself with your left arm going in behind his knee-bend. And lift his leg up and pluck him down with the aforementioned arm over at this neck, and throw him.<section end="grappling 25"/></p>
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----
 
----
 
[[File:Cod.5278 196r-a.png|400px|center]]
 
[[File:Cod.5278 196r-a.png|400px|center]]
−
| <p>[62] <section begin="grappling 28"/>If you want to take someone down with force on both sides, therefore you must exchange the feet, if he lies on your right side. Thus take your right foot and work with him so you keep between his legs. When you thereby come between, then strike your right leg around his left leg, and pull it towards yourself with your foot and shove him over away from you with the hands at the right side. </p>
+
| <p>[62] <section begin="grappling 28"/>If you want to take someone down with force on both sides, therefore you must exchange the feet, if he lies on your right side. Thus take your right foot and work with him so you keep between his legs. When you thereby come between, then strike your right leg around his left leg, and pull it towards yourself with your foot and shove him over away from you with the hands at the right side.</p>
  
 
<p>Thus he lands on his back, and you on top of him. You may not want the right leg with your right, so take your left leg and seize him high over, in between his legs and pull his left leg towards you and with the hands, throw him over yourself on your left side. Thus you come effortlessly on to his back.<section end="grappling 28"/></p>
 
<p>Thus he lands on his back, and you on top of him. You may not want the right leg with your right, so take your left leg and seize him high over, in between his legs and pull his left leg towards you and with the hands, throw him over yourself on your left side. Thus you come effortlessly on to his back.<section end="grappling 28"/></p>
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| [[File:Cod.5278 195r-c.png|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.5278 195r-c.png|400px|center]]
−
| <p>[63] <section begin="grappling 49"/>A controlling wrestle, you may well speak to someone if you want, and offer your leg to his hands, and he thereby cannot throw you because he must similarly fall.  
+
| <p>[63] <section begin="grappling 49"/>A controlling wrestle, you may well speak to someone if you want, and offer your leg to his hands, and he thereby cannot throw you because he must similarly fall. Do it thus: lift your leg up and let him seize you by the bend of the knee, and during the hold, as he seizes you, then seize him with your right arm around his neck so that you keep his head under your armpit, and press the hold into you. And with the left hand seize him up over the [transcription reads ‘your’?] back by the belt, and if he still has you by the leg, then have yourself a hold with the left hand by the belt and with the right arm press the armpit tight towards you. Thus you press him by his neck so that he doesn’t know how to escape and will fall onto his stomach.<section end="grappling 49"/></p>
−
Do it thus: lift your leg up and let him seize you by the bend of the knee, and during the hold, as he seizes you, then seize him with your right arm around his neck so that you keep his head under your armpit, and press the hold into you. And with the left hand seize him up over the [transcription reads ‘your’?] back by the belt, and if he still has you by the leg, then have yourself a hold with the left hand by the belt and with the right arm press the armpit tight towards you. Thus you press him by his neck so that he doesn’t know how to escape and will fall onto his stomach.<section end="grappling 49"/></p>
 
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 042r.png|42r-a}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 042r.png|42r-a}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.5278 195r.png|195r-c|blk=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.5278 195r.png|195r-c|blk=1}}
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| [[File:Cod.5278 195r-b.png|400px|center]]
−
| <p>[64] <section begin="grappling 50"/>Yet a similar controlling wrestle, you do well to speak at the arms. I want to turn your back to me and this will allow me to lift you up and you will thereby be thrown, so that you do thus: when you turn someone’s back and you wish to hold him round the middle, and lift him up. </p>
+
| <p>[64] <section begin="grappling 50"/>Yet a similar controlling wrestle, you do well to speak at the arms. I want to turn your back to me and this will allow me to lift you up and you will thereby be thrown, so that you do thus: when you turn someone’s back and you wish to hold him round the middle, and lift him up.</p>
  
−
<p>Then drop him with your hands in his hand, and weigh yourself down quickly and drive with your back and feet through his right armpit and with the right leg behind his right leg, and block [''sper'', ''sperren''] him with your right leg and hold him down infront of you with your hands. And lift his right leg up and throw him onto his back.<ref>This one reads in the first person, much akin to dei Liberi, and is different in tone to the other instructions.</ref><section end="grappling 50"/></p>
+
<p>Then drop him with your hands in his hand, and weigh yourself down quickly and drive with your back and feet through his right armpit and with the right leg behind his right leg, and block [''sper'', ''sperren''] him with your right leg and hold him down in front of you with your hands. And lift his right leg up and throw him onto his back.<ref>This one reads in the first person, much akin to de’i Liberi, and is different in tone to the other instructions.</ref><section end="grappling 50"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 042r.png|42r-b}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 042r.png|42r-b}}
 
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| [[File:Cod.5278 196r-b.png|400px|center]]
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| <p>[68] <section begin="grappling 54"/>A good hold so that someone cannot get up from you on both sides, place yourself crosswise on the [his] right side and seize him with the left arm through underneath his neck – and seize him by the chest and with the right free [available] arm. Thus attend to him, and on whichever side he shall try to swing, grip him there so that he cannot escape.<section end="grappling 54"/></p>
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| <p>[68] <section begin="grappling 54"/>A good hold so that someone cannot get up from you on both sides, place yourself crosswise on the [his] right side and seize him with the left arm through underneath his neck—and seize him by the chest and with the right free [available] arm. Thus attend to him, and on whichever side he shall try to swing, grip him there so that he cannot escape.<section end="grappling 54"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 042v.png|42v-b}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS B.26 042v.png|42v-b}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.5278 196r.png|196r-b|blk=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.5278 196r.png|196r-b|blk=1}}

Revision as of 03:31, 5 April 2018

“Die Blume des Kampfes”
Cod.10799 287v288r.png
Author(s)
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1420s
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical; multiple
incomplete copies exist
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

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This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 03:31, 5 April 2018 (UTC). (Update)

Die Blume des Kampfes (“The Flower of Battle”) is a nickname given to a group of three German manuscripts which share a common technical syllabus and set of illustrations.[1] It might possibly be based on the tradition of 14th century Italian master Fiore de'i Liberi, from whose treatise Fior di Battaglia it derives its nickname, given that his works include considerable overlap in technique and artwork. It is equally possible, though, that they represent a separate transmission of an older tradition of which Fiore was himself an initiate; Fiore mentions in his prefaces that he owned books on the art and he also names two older masters in his tradition, Johane Suveno and Nicholai de Toblem; it is possible that either or both of those masters authored texts which inspired both this tradition as well as Fiore's own writings.

Like Fior di Battaglia, die Blume des Kampfes treats mounted fencing, spear, poleaxe/halberd, sword (both long sword and short sword), dagger (including dagger against sword), and grappling; it also includes unique content such as armored sword and shield and dueling with long shields. In comparison to their Italic counterparts, the Germanic works place a greater emphasis on short sword fencing, doubling the number of devices, and also dwarf Fiore's own rather brief treatment of unarmored grappling. The dagger, sword, and polearm material is all more or less consistent across both traditions, and the explanatory text, though unconnected to that of Fiore, demonstrates a similar understanding or interpretation of the techniques.

Manuscripts

The oldest manuscript in the Blume des Kampfes group is the Cod. 5278, which dates to the 1420s[2] and contains only simple line drawings somewhat reminiscent of the art of Fiore de'i Liberi, though differing in many details, lacking many signature characteristics such as garters and crowns, and generally less organized than the Friulian master's work.

The second entry, included in the MS B.26, was completed in ca. 1500 by Ludwig VI von Eyb;[3] it contains a significant degree of overlap with the 5278, though both manuscripts also have a wealth of unique content. While the artwork, apart from being colored, is of similar quality, Eyb's treatise surpasses its fellow by including detailed German descriptions of the devices in most of its sections. (It cannot currently be determined whether this text was authored by Eyb or present in the sources upon which he based his work, but the rest of the material in the B.26 appears to have been unaltered from its sources.)

The final manuscript, Cod. 10799, is dated 1623 and is again text-less.[4] Unlike the previous two manuscripts, however, it is illustrated with watercolors of high quality; it is also the most extensive of the three by far, encompassing nearly every device from both works as well as a number of unique devices that suggest that it was either not derived directly from the other two known manuscripts, or that it used additional sources currently unknown to us. Additionally, where the other two include war books derived from Konrad Kyeser's famous treatise on siege warfare Bellifortis, the artist of the 10799 only included the few Bellifortis illustrations that seem to portray knights and soldiers, perhaps indicating that he did not understand what he was copying. Aside from the Blume des Kampfes material, the 10799 also has a good deal of extra content including portrayals of laying down and taking up the sword, Germanic sash wrestling, armored dagger and buckler, and the sword dance.

There is a fourth Germanic manuscript potentially connected to this tradition, the Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º. This manuscript, dating to between 1465 and 1480,[5] includes a version of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital, a complete set of illustrations from Gladiatoria, and a brief excerpt of Bellifortis. Tucked away amidst these works are illustrations of fencing with sword, spear, ax, and dagger that parallel the teachings of the Blume des Kampfes but only occasionally replicate the artwork exactly. While this may simply be a case of an overambitious artist reinterpreting the illustrations he was copying, the differences are too many to include the manuscript in the concordance below.

Treatise

Due to the fragmentary nature of the extant texts, piecing together an authoritative version of the treatise is problematic. In this concordance, the structure laid out by the Cod. 5278 will generally be followed, as it is the oldest known text. The additional plays from MS B.26 will be arranged around this structure; the sequence in B.26 will only take precedence over that of 5278 in cases where the text dictates a sequence of plays (following the principle that text always takes precedence over illustrations). Unique plays from the Cod. 10799 will appear last in each section, since their relationship to the others is unclear.

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ This group has passed unnoticed until very recently, and has not been identified in any previous work on fencing manuals; indeed, most bibliographies of German fencing manuals do not even contain all of the relevant manuscripts. Wierschin (1965) includes only the 10799, and does not appear to have examined it in any depth. Hils (1985) includes only the B.26, and characteristically attributes its content to Hans Talhoffer. Anglo (2001) mentions only the 10799, which he describes in a brief footnote as derived from the Codex Wallerstein (Cod. I.6.4º.2). Bodemer (2008) likewise only briefly mentions the B.26. Finally, Leng (2008) includes both 5278 and B.26, but without the 10799 to make their connection clear he dismisses both as redactions of the work of Fiore de'i Liberi. All four bibliographies include the Cod. guelf. 78.2 Aug. 2º, but do not attempt any explanation for the illustrations connected with this group. None of the treatments of Fiore de'i Liberi's tradition to date have attempted to address these manuscripts either.
  2. ↑ The manuscript mentions a duel between Heinrich von Ramstein and Juan de Merlo which occurred on 12 December 1428; the library catalog dates it to ca. 1420/25.
  3. ↑ The dedication on folio Ar includes the date 1500.
  4. ↑ The dedication on folio 1r states that it was begun in 1623.
  5. ↑ According to the library catalog entry.
  6. ↑ Presently, a term more commonly associated with firearms evidently originated with throwing of javelins. Schiessen means ‘shooting’, but it is also indicative of ‘throwing’, ‘launching’, ‘discharging’ etc.
  7. ↑ A similar method of holding the weapons together is found in Talhoffer.
  8. ↑ Lexer equates “Torlich” with temerarius: accidental, rash, thoughtless. I have used the term ‘spontaneous’ in order to avoid an undesirable connotation in English.
  9. ↑ Lit: “run under”, “pass under”, “undermine”
  10. ↑ This is evidently Talhoffer’s second position for throwing (MS XIX.17-3, 6r; MS 78.A.15, 10r; MS KK5342, 6r)
  11. ↑ Gewappent can mean “armed” whilst verwant can mean “relatively”.
  12. ↑ Ebers, Vol.5 (1799, 354-355) “Stecken, signifies also, to pitch, to drive or thrust in, to stick”. Pfahle stecken “to set Pales, to drive or thurst them into the ground” also referring to “auf einen Pfahl stekcen, spießen: to impale”. It also follows the implication to Plant, i.e. trees into the ground. Also consider the meanings of “einer Sache das Ziel stecken: to stop the Course of a Thing”, “ein Ziel stecken: to set an Aim or a Mark to aim at”, “sich in Noth stecken: to engage, embark or intangle in a dulle Piece of Trouble”. “Ich weiß wo es steckt: I know the Difficulty of it”. The term stëchen means to Stab, but with a driving action. Such a meaning caused it to be used variously as a synonym for tournament jousting (das turnieren), particularly in poetic works (http://woerterbuchnetz.de/Lexer/?lemid=LS07141 : WIG. SUCH. LIEHT. 71,26. VIRG. 75,5. 546,8. REINFR. B. 27113. ANTEL. 185. 87. FASN. 646,25. CHR. 4. 323,15; 9. 859,2; 10. 375,17). Talhoffer makes use of the term appealing to such chivalric epics in his exordium to Liutold von Koenigsegg. Here we see the logic for why a the sword and spear are to be taken together, as per the preliminary instructions.
  13. ↑ wîʒen stv. II. (BMZ III. 781b) beachten, bemerken s. die partic. adj. gewiʒʒen, ungewiʒʒen; mit dat. u. acc. (oder präp. umbe DIEM. BÜCHL. WALTH. WIG.) jemand einen vorwurf woraus od. weshalb machen, ihm es schuld geben, verweisen, allgem. z. b. waʒ wîʒest dû mir? RUL. 50,1. waʒ wîʒet ir mir Hildebrant? BIT. 7655. 980.waʒ wîʒet ir disem wîbe? GLAUB. 2174. daʒ ne darf man ire nicht w. GR.RUD. 21,15. vgl. noch GEN. D. 62,15. ER.6303. BÜCHL. 2,15. MSF. 40,35. 113,17. NEIDH. XXXVII, 4. XXXIX, 12. LIEHT. 48,9. TROJ. 45829 (lies im statt in). AMIS L.1937. CRAON 1720. MART. 148,79. ALBR. 1,318. 24,9. HEINR. 4041. SSP. prol. 14. mit abh. s. der vater weiʒ in, daʒ GEN.65,12; bestrafen KCHR. D. 153,29. REINH. 307,445. ENGELH. 1670. mit ent-, ge-, ver-. gt. veitan nhd. sehen (in gt. in-, fraveitan) zu skr. vid, lat. videre, gr. ἰδεῖν GSP. 321. Z. 154. CURT.3 227. FICK2 189. vgl. wiʒʒen.
  14. ↑ The Bohemian Pavise, a form of shield as shown in the illustration named after the city of Pavia, Italy. It became the quintessential duelling weapon, being featured heavily in the Weisskunig. Here it takes the German form of the noun, Pavessen. Because of its size (up to a yard wide, and four or more feet tall) it often became grouped to form a shield-wall known as a Pavisade. It also tended to be used heavily by archers in the English wars with France (Fosbroke 1843, 880)
  15. ↑ The implication seems to be that the body stands evenly, and using ponderation, the body-weight is transferred forward to take the opponent by surprise.
  16. ↑ starck aus d[er] wag, lit: “strong from the balance”, or in other words, with strength from your stance, or derived from the legs. A good example of kinetic linkage perhaps?
  17. ↑ This is evidently the Gerader Versatzung (Meyer, Rapier: 2.74r; Forgeng 2006, 195), or Kron/Crown (Hutter CGM 3711, 41r-42r; Sollinger MS 38.21.Aug.2°, 46r-47r ).
  18. ↑ This play has a resemblance to Kal, BSB Cgm 1507, 22v, this seems to be Hundsfeldts fourth guard.
  19. ↑ Lit: “grip around”
  20. ↑ Lit: “the balance on both sides”
  21. ↑ Lit: “run-in”
  22. ↑ Lit: “set upon”
  23. ↑ Lit: “get-around”
  24. ↑ ewich = entwicht, entkommt
  25. ↑ Typo! The writer meant "Anclitz".
  26. ↑ The word “fall” in some narratives is known to have been used as euphemism for dying.
  27. ↑ This same term appears in Lecküchner, Cgm 582, 130v; Cod.Pal.Germ.430, 66r; http://www.hammaborg.de/pdf/transkriptionen/leckuechner_cgm582/zabinski_mitchell_fritz_leckuchner.pdf, p378.
  28. ↑ lind = 1. mild, lieblich ; 2. geschmeidig, weich
  29. ↑ This paragraph is identical in wording (though not spelling) to folio 35r-a.
  30. ↑ This paragraph is identical in wording (though not spelling) to folio 35r-b.
  31. ↑ This one reads in the first person, much akin to de’i Liberi, and is different in tone to the other instructions.
  32. ↑ This technique appears to be the logical set-up for 42v-d.
  33. ↑ Leather from deer
Early Italian masters
Germanic Masters
Agrippa 1553 01.jpg
Bolognese Masters
Florentine Masters
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