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Difference between revisions of "Francesco Fernando Alfieri"

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| <p>On the use of the pike</p>
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<p>Chapter II</p>
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<p>To make good use of the pike it is necessary to know its length and nature. Regarding its length, ordinarily it is nine ''braccia'',<ref> The ''braccio'' (plural: ''braccia'') was an Italian pre-metric unit of measurement. Its length varied by region, although the Venetian and Paduan braccio appear to have been approximately 68.3cm. This was would make Alfieri’s pike approximately 6.12 meters (or 20 foot) long.</ref> as to its nature it should be made of smooth ash, the wood well-seasoned. </p>
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<p>In earlier times it was carried without defensive arms, to be wielded with more agility, and because people had not become so ingenious in attack. However, since in this manner it wounded only at a distance, and if the enemy closed it was not possible to resist his impetus, every hope having been placed in the polearm, through experience it became clear that used in this way it was of little consequence. For this reason, soldiers were further equipped with a rather short and broad sword, to be quick and apt for cutting, and also a dagger, a much-esteemed weapon at close quarters. </p>
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<p>Also, since pikemen serve to form the body of the troops, and to absorb the clash and impetus of horses, in order not to be scattered they nowadays cover themselves with their tassets, <ref> Plate armour designed to protect the upper thighs.</ref> bracers, gauntlets, gorgets, and morions, <ref> A type of helmet, first used by the Spanish, usually with a flat brim and a crest from front to back.</ref> such that half of their body is well-armoured. Because of this they can easily thwart attempts and efforts of the enemy, all the more so if the garrison stretches out on the sides of the battlefield, being lines of as many musketeers as the pikes can cover. </p>
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<p>The pike should therefore be of a determined size, in proportion to the stature and strength of the men, bearing their defensive arms, which without impeding the soldiers increases their confidence and disposes them to fortitude. </p>
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{{pagetb|Page:La Picca (Francesco Fernando Alfieri) 1641.pdf|15|lbl=09|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:La Picca (Francesco Fernando Alfieri) 1641.pdf|16|lbl=10|p=1}}
 
{{pagetb|Page:La Picca (Francesco Fernando Alfieri) 1641.pdf|15|lbl=09|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:La Picca (Francesco Fernando Alfieri) 1641.pdf|16|lbl=10|p=1}}

Revision as of 11:06, 18 November 2020

Francesco Fernando Alfieri

Portrait from 1640
Born 16th century (?)
Died 17th century
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality Italian
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s)

Francesco Fernando Alfieri was a 17th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about his life, but Alfieri means "Ensign" which might be a military title rather than a family name. In his fencing treatise of 1640, he identifies himself as a master-at-arms to the Accademia Delia in Padua, and indicates that he had long experience at that time

In 1638, Alfieri published a treatise on flag drill entitled La Bandiera ("The Banner"). This was followed in 1640 by La Scherma ("On Fencing"), in which he treats the use of the rapier. Not content with these works, in 1641 he released La Picca ("The Pike"), which not only covers pike drill, but also includes a complete reprint of La Bandiera (complete with title page dated 1638). His treatise on rapier seems to have been especially popular, as it was reprinted in 1646 and then received a new edition in 1653 titled L’arte di ben maneggiare la spada ("The Art of Handling the Sword Well"), which not only includes the entirety of the 1640 edition, but also adds a concluding section on the spadone.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. This passage is later self-plagiarised by Alfieri in the introduction to his treatise on the spadone of 1653.
  2. Although taken somewhat out of context, Alfieri appears to be referring to Numbers 21:8: “And the LORD said unto Moses, Make thee a fiery serpent, and set it upon a pole” (King James Bible).
  3. Here Alfieri employs a practically untranslatable idiom “tenero di sale”, which refers to a dish lacking in salt but also ironically to a foolish, naïve or credulous person. The translator has replaced this with an approximately equivalent English idiom.
  4. Note the use of fencing terminology to describe actions with the flag, which continues throughout the treatise.
  5. Montanti (singular montante) in fencing terminology refers to rising blows.
  6. Literally “totally covered”, this describes a guard or posture in which your opponent has no direct line of attack, as demonstrated for example in chapters XXV and XXXIV of Alfieri's 1640 treatise on rapier fencing.
  7. Note that this final plate is simply reused from chapter I.
  8. Again this passage is later self-plagiarised in the conclusion to Alfieri's 1653 treatise on the spadone.
  9. According to tradition Lysis of Taras was both a student of Pythagoras and teacher to Epaminondas, although since this would make him impossibly old perhaps two historical figures were conflated. Epaminondas was a renowned Theban general from whom Philip learned in his youth, as a hostage in Thebes.
  10. The braccio (plural: braccia) was an Italian pre-metric unit of measurement. Its length varied by region, although the Venetian and Paduan braccio appear to have been approximately 68.3cm. This was would make Alfieri’s pike approximately 6.12 meters (or 20 foot) long.
  11. Plate armour designed to protect the upper thighs.
  12. A type of helmet, first used by the Spanish, usually with a flat brim and a crest from front to back.