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Difference between revisions of "Die Blume des Kampfes"

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| <p>[1] <section begin="dagger 9"/>When you go against someone with the dagger in armour, then step at the foot on whichever foot he has placed foremost, because its open to your foot behind his heel by dragging it away and meanwhile you strike, push him over from you, so that he falls onto his back.<section end="dagger 9"/></p>
 
| <p>[1] <section begin="dagger 9"/>When you go against someone with the dagger in armour, then step at the foot on whichever foot he has placed foremost, because its open to your foot behind his heel by dragging it away and meanwhile you strike, push him over from you, so that he falls onto his back.<section end="dagger 9"/></p>
 
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| <p>[2] <section begin="dagger 10"/>An Arm-break if you want to stab someone from above or below: so catch his right arm close to the hand and dagger with your right hand, and pull him strongly forward at your right side and [?] him your left shoulder under his right arm, grabbing as well with your left hand, and then break his arm over your shoulder.<section end="dagger 10"/></p>
 
| <p>[2] <section begin="dagger 10"/>An Arm-break if you want to stab someone from above or below: so catch his right arm close to the hand and dagger with your right hand, and pull him strongly forward at your right side and [?] him your left shoulder under his right arm, grabbing as well with your left hand, and then break his arm over your shoulder.<section end="dagger 10"/></p>
 
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| <p>[3] <section begin="dagger 11"/>An Arm-break using the dagger: If someone wants to stab at you up from below with a front stab, so stab his arm by the hand with your right hand and his blade in your left hand and during this grip lift quick, and throw yourself around and turn yourself through under his arm so you break his arm off.<section end="dagger 11"/></p>
 
| <p>[3] <section begin="dagger 11"/>An Arm-break using the dagger: If someone wants to stab at you up from below with a front stab, so stab his arm by the hand with your right hand and his blade in your left hand and during this grip lift quick, and throw yourself around and turn yourself through under his arm so you break his arm off.<section end="dagger 11"/></p>
 
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| <p>[4] <section begin="dagger 12"/>A good dagger disarm for when someone wants to stab you from above: so lay your left arm at your right crossing together, and reach the point between the hands in your arm and during this seize him by the hand and together with the dagger-haft (with your left hand high and the right hand seizing low on his arm), and during this grip twist his hand and then go in at with the arm and during the twist (''winden'') thus over goes with your upper arm at his arm. Thus you may want to dislocate his arm by his elbow with the elbow.<section end="dagger 12"/></p>
 
| <p>[4] <section begin="dagger 12"/>A good dagger disarm for when someone wants to stab you from above: so lay your left arm at your right crossing together, and reach the point between the hands in your arm and during this seize him by the hand and together with the dagger-haft (with your left hand high and the right hand seizing low on his arm), and during this grip twist his hand and then go in at with the arm and during the twist (''winden'') thus over goes with your upper arm at his arm. Thus you may want to dislocate his arm by his elbow with the elbow.<section end="dagger 12"/></p>
 
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| <p>[5] <section begin="dagger 30"/>A noble dagger disarm with your dagger, for when someone strikes in at you from above with his dagger, so during the strike reach for your dagger with your right arm, and quickly turn (wind) in your dagger blade over his arm and grip with your left hand across over your right arm to take hold of your blade with this selfsame left hand. Then you have trapped his dagger and hands, and then press your hands down with your dagger and lift the arm behind with the cross, so that he must let his dagger to fall or else his arm to break.<section end="dagger 30"/></p>
 
| <p>[5] <section begin="dagger 30"/>A noble dagger disarm with your dagger, for when someone strikes in at you from above with his dagger, so during the strike reach for your dagger with your right arm, and quickly turn (wind) in your dagger blade over his arm and grip with your left hand across over your right arm to take hold of your blade with this selfsame left hand. Then you have trapped his dagger and hands, and then press your hands down with your dagger and lift the arm behind with the cross, so that he must let his dagger to fall or else his arm to break.<section end="dagger 30"/></p>
 
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| <p>[6] <section begin="dagger 31"/>A secret stab using the dagger, should you stab together but he wishes to stab from above, so look at the point and reach down in front of him and reverse your hand and stab him from below up to the genitals.<section end="dagger 31"/></p>
 
| <p>[6] <section begin="dagger 31"/>A secret stab using the dagger, should you stab together but he wishes to stab from above, so look at the point and reach down in front of him and reverse your hand and stab him from below up to the genitals.<section end="dagger 31"/></p>
 
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| <p>[7] <section begin="dagger 32"/>Yet another similar technique with the dagger; seize him by his left arm close to his hand and pull him by the arm in front of you, and stab him under his armpit with your dagger by stabbing up from below.<section end="dagger 32"/></p>
 
| <p>[7] <section begin="dagger 32"/>Yet another similar technique with the dagger; seize him by his left arm close to his hand and pull him by the arm in front of you, and stab him under his armpit with your dagger by stabbing up from below.<section end="dagger 32"/></p>
 
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| <p>[8] <section begin="dagger 33"/>Yet a stab up from below in armour using the dagger: when you wish to seize someone by his arm, hand or dagger, thus at the same time as seizing, lift up your stab from below with the dagger.<section end="dagger 33"/></p>
 
| <p>[8] <section begin="dagger 33"/>Yet a stab up from below in armour using the dagger: when you wish to seize someone by his arm, hand or dagger, thus at the same time as seizing, lift up your stab from below with the dagger.<section end="dagger 33"/></p>
 
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| <p>[9] <section begin="dagger 34"/>Yet a courtesy using the dagger forearmed or exposed with a wooden waster (''holtzlein'')—take your dagger in your hand so that you see the blade uppermost, and step toward him and strike in your right arm at his right shoulder with your dagger, so that the blade goes up behind his neck, and seize then with the left arm crosswise seizing underneath with the edge in the hand by the spike, and pull him strongly toward you and press his neck with the [?] firmly, so that you suffocate him in, into the helmet (''hundskappen'') or [?] make him exposed at the neck.<section end="dagger 34"/></p>
 
| <p>[9] <section begin="dagger 34"/>Yet a courtesy using the dagger forearmed or exposed with a wooden waster (''holtzlein'')—take your dagger in your hand so that you see the blade uppermost, and step toward him and strike in your right arm at his right shoulder with your dagger, so that the blade goes up behind his neck, and seize then with the left arm crosswise seizing underneath with the edge in the hand by the spike, and pull him strongly toward you and press his neck with the [?] firmly, so that you suffocate him in, into the helmet (''hundskappen'') or [?] make him exposed at the neck.<section end="dagger 34"/></p>
 
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| <p>[10] <section begin="dagger 13"/>A good wrestle using the dagger, for when someone strikes at you from above with the dagger, so you grab under his strike and seize his arm close to the hand and the dagger: and pull his arm strongly over your chest and place the left leg behind his right leg and break him over with the left arm and hand by his left shoulder with the hand over your right leg behind the back of his, and have his right arm with the dagger tightly by the hand in front of your chest, so does he fall.<section end="dagger 13"/></p>
 
| <p>[10] <section begin="dagger 13"/>A good wrestle using the dagger, for when someone strikes at you from above with the dagger, so you grab under his strike and seize his arm close to the hand and the dagger: and pull his arm strongly over your chest and place the left leg behind his right leg and break him over with the left arm and hand by his left shoulder with the hand over your right leg behind the back of his, and have his right arm with the dagger tightly by the hand in front of your chest, so does he fall.<section end="dagger 13"/></p>
 
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| <p>[11] <section begin="dagger 14"/>A good wrestle with the dagger when forearmed in accordance with the customs of the Germanic Arena: When someone wishes to strike at you from above, then grip under him underneath the stab with the right hand under his arm close to his hand and pull his arm strongly toward you to one side, and during the pull, thus allow him to come forward and tread around him with two steps, and during the step, then seize him by his neck with your right arm and place in his right leg behind his right leg  and break him strongly from above by his neck over your right left onto his back.<section end="dagger 14"/></p>
 
| <p>[11] <section begin="dagger 14"/>A good wrestle with the dagger when forearmed in accordance with the customs of the Germanic Arena: When someone wishes to strike at you from above, then grip under him underneath the stab with the right hand under his arm close to his hand and pull his arm strongly toward you to one side, and during the pull, thus allow him to come forward and tread around him with two steps, and during the step, then seize him by his neck with your right arm and place in his right leg behind his right leg  and break him strongly from above by his neck over your right left onto his back.<section end="dagger 14"/></p>
 
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| <p>[12] <section begin="dagger 17"/>A technique from the dagger: when someone attempts to strike at you from above, then grab him underneath the blow and reach his arm close to his hand and pull him forward and twist his hand around with the dagger, and during the twist, thus grip similarly with your left hand on his right arm underneath by the forearm and press and twist him down to the back and squeeze with your left hand tightly underneath his armpit by his forearm, thus break his arm or else so must he fall.<section end="dagger 17"/></p>
 
| <p>[12] <section begin="dagger 17"/>A technique from the dagger: when someone attempts to strike at you from above, then grab him underneath the blow and reach his arm close to his hand and pull him forward and twist his hand around with the dagger, and during the twist, thus grip similarly with your left hand on his right arm underneath by the forearm and press and twist him down to the back and squeeze with your left hand tightly underneath his armpit by his forearm, thus break his arm or else so must he fall.<section end="dagger 17"/></p>
 
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| <p>[13] <section begin="dagger 18"/>Yet another similar technique for when someone wants to stab you from above, then seize under his strike with your right hand close to his hand and arm, and twist the hand and the arm around behind his back and during the grip, seize with your left hand on his arm by the hand and step behind him so you keep his arm under your left armpit, so lift his arm tightly and [?] and twist strongly at his back and break and press them off with your left elbow on his right elbow.<section end="dagger 18"/></p>
 
| <p>[13] <section begin="dagger 18"/>Yet another similar technique for when someone wants to stab you from above, then seize under his strike with your right hand close to his hand and arm, and twist the hand and the arm around behind his back and during the grip, seize with your left hand on his arm by the hand and step behind him so you keep his arm under your left armpit, so lift his arm tightly and [?] and twist strongly at his back and break and press them off with your left elbow on his right elbow.<section end="dagger 18"/></p>
 
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| <p>[14] <section begin="dagger 19"/>Yet just a similar technique from the dagger as before, in all enterprises then your will seize outside his dagger hand to break him and behind accordingly you may turn it round. And break or throw him back from the legs.<section end="dagger 19"/></p>
 
| <p>[14] <section begin="dagger 19"/>Yet just a similar technique from the dagger as before, in all enterprises then your will seize outside his dagger hand to break him and behind accordingly you may turn it round. And break or throw him back from the legs.<section end="dagger 19"/></p>
 
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| <p>[15] <section begin="dagger 20"/>Yet just a similar technique from the dagger, when someone wants to strike you from above, so you will seize underneath and extend the strike in your hand by his arm and step around him with two steps and twist his arm up around the back and stick your left arm through it and pin him by the shoulder, and pin his arm up and throw him onto the face, so he must fall or break his arms.<section end="dagger 20"/></p>
 
| <p>[15] <section begin="dagger 20"/>Yet just a similar technique from the dagger, when someone wants to strike you from above, so you will seize underneath and extend the strike in your hand by his arm and step around him with two steps and twist his arm up around the back and stick your left arm through it and pin him by the shoulder, and pin his arm up and throw him onto the face, so he must fall or break his arms.<section end="dagger 20"/></p>
 
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| <p>[16] <section begin="dagger 15"/>When you want to take someone’s dagger, so you may stab him in the body then drop in with your left hand on his arm and then pull back the left hand again and drop in his dagger, and when he drops it, so place in your right arm underneath his hand and break his dagger from underneath out over the arm.<section end="dagger 15"/></p>
 
| <p>[16] <section begin="dagger 15"/>When you want to take someone’s dagger, so you may stab him in the body then drop in with your left hand on his arm and then pull back the left hand again and drop in his dagger, and when he drops it, so place in your right arm underneath his hand and break his dagger from underneath out over the arm.<section end="dagger 15"/></p>
 
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| <p>[17] <section begin="dagger 16"/>If you want to take someone’s dagger someone who wants to a full stab above you, so grab underneath his stab with your left arm close to his hand and break his dagger away at your left side.<section end="dagger 16"/></p>
 
| <p>[17] <section begin="dagger 16"/>If you want to take someone’s dagger someone who wants to a full stab above you, so grab underneath his stab with your left arm close to his hand and break his dagger away at your left side.<section end="dagger 16"/></p>
 
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| <p>[19] <section begin="dagger 29"/>If someone wants to stab at you from below, so reach the point at your right arm and twist his arm with your arm at the back with two steps and fall in then with the left hand on the other arm and throw him to the ground.<section end="dagger 29"/></p>
 
| <p>[19] <section begin="dagger 29"/>If someone wants to stab at you from below, so reach the point at your right arm and twist his arm with your arm at the back with two steps and fall in then with the left hand on the other arm and throw him to the ground.<section end="dagger 29"/></p>
 
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| <p>[20] <section begin="dagger 27"/>If you want to take his dagger and you wish to attack him at the body, thus fall in with your right hand at his arm and with the left hand against it at the back and drop him with the dagger and during the drop then place in your right arm under on his hand and break his dagger downwards away over the arm.<section end="dagger 27"/></p>
 
| <p>[20] <section begin="dagger 27"/>If you want to take his dagger and you wish to attack him at the body, thus fall in with your right hand at his arm and with the left hand against it at the back and drop him with the dagger and during the drop then place in your right arm under on his hand and break his dagger downwards away over the arm.<section end="dagger 27"/></p>
 
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| <p>[21] <section begin="dagger 28"/>If you wish to take someone’s dagger, against someone who wants to stab from below, and you also want to thrust during the disarm, then fall in with your right hand in the arm and with the left hand on the blade, and counter the blade going in over your right arm, and thrust then with the dagger in at his chest.<section end="dagger 28"/></p>
 
| <p>[21] <section begin="dagger 28"/>If you wish to take someone’s dagger, against someone who wants to stab from below, and you also want to thrust during the disarm, then fall in with your right hand in the arm and with the left hand on the blade, and counter the blade going in over your right arm, and thrust then with the dagger in at his chest.<section end="dagger 28"/></p>
 
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| <p>[22] <section begin="dagger 1"/>[No text]<section end="dagger 1"/></p>
 
| <p>[22] <section begin="dagger 1"/>[No text]<section end="dagger 1"/></p>
 
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| <p>[23] <section begin="dagger 2"/>[No text]<section end="dagger 2"/></p>
 
| <p>[23] <section begin="dagger 2"/>[No text]<section end="dagger 2"/></p>
 
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| <p>[24] <section begin="dagger 3"/>[No text]<section end="dagger 3"/></p>
 
| <p>[24] <section begin="dagger 3"/>[No text]<section end="dagger 3"/></p>
 
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| <p>[25] <section begin="dagger 4"/>[No text]<section end="dagger 4"/></p>
 
| <p>[25] <section begin="dagger 4"/>[No text]<section end="dagger 4"/></p>
 
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| <p>[26] <section begin="dagger 5"/>[No text]<section end="dagger 5"/></p>
 
| <p>[26] <section begin="dagger 5"/>[No text]<section end="dagger 5"/></p>
 
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| <p>[28] <section begin="dagger 7"/>Note: If you want to pierce someone with your dagger, such that he must fall,<ref>The word “fall” in some narratives is known to have been used as euphemism for dying.</ref> then take your dagger in your hand and act as though you seek to strike him in the head. So look at where you’re striking a stab and reach down between you and him and strike and pierce him with your dagger behind his foremost-placed left leg at the knee, and pull him upward by the leg using your dagger; and meanwhile you push him backwards onto his back by his chest with your left hand. That must be done quickly, doing the stab strike and the leg lift together, and so you break his back and if you miss the stab, such that you don’t skewer (''schat''; Scharte) no flesh, then pull his leg up with the dagger blade since it’s stronger and wiser then if you lacerate.<section end="dagger 7"/></p>
 
| <p>[28] <section begin="dagger 7"/>Note: If you want to pierce someone with your dagger, such that he must fall,<ref>The word “fall” in some narratives is known to have been used as euphemism for dying.</ref> then take your dagger in your hand and act as though you seek to strike him in the head. So look at where you’re striking a stab and reach down between you and him and strike and pierce him with your dagger behind his foremost-placed left leg at the knee, and pull him upward by the leg using your dagger; and meanwhile you push him backwards onto his back by his chest with your left hand. That must be done quickly, doing the stab strike and the leg lift together, and so you break his back and if you miss the stab, such that you don’t skewer (''schat''; Scharte) no flesh, then pull his leg up with the dagger blade since it’s stronger and wiser then if you lacerate.<section end="dagger 7"/></p>
 
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| <p>[29] <section begin="dagger 8"/>Truly quite a good wrestle done using the dagger: let yourself restrain a dagger, so long as they have the blade, if you have him by the hand, such that he goes forth on both sides at a cross hands and two fingers if you thus have held onto them. Then as you want to do the same high stab with him, so he grabs you by the dagger. So keep your eyes on the point, and reach under through his leg and lift him up and with the left hand drop him on to the chest by his neck and break him down from above and lift him up underneath with the dagger and throw him against the ground.<section end="dagger 8"/></p>
 
| <p>[29] <section begin="dagger 8"/>Truly quite a good wrestle done using the dagger: let yourself restrain a dagger, so long as they have the blade, if you have him by the hand, such that he goes forth on both sides at a cross hands and two fingers if you thus have held onto them. Then as you want to do the same high stab with him, so he grabs you by the dagger. So keep your eyes on the point, and reach under through his leg and lift him up and with the left hand drop him on to the chest by his neck and break him down from above and lift him up underneath with the dagger and throw him against the ground.<section end="dagger 8"/></p>
 
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Revision as of 05:37, 5 April 2018

“Die Blume des Kampfes”
Cod.10799 287v288r.png
Author(s)
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1420s
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical; multiple
incomplete copies exist
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester

Die Blume des Kampfes (“The Flower of Battle”) is a nickname given to a group of three German manuscripts which share a common technical syllabus and set of illustrations.[1] It might possibly be based on the tradition of 14th century Italian master Fiore de'i Liberi, from whose treatise Fior di Battaglia it derives its nickname, given that his works include considerable overlap in technique and artwork. It is equally possible, though, that they represent a separate transmission of an older tradition of which Fiore was himself an initiate; Fiore mentions in his prefaces that he owned books on the art and he also names two older masters in his tradition, Johane Suveno and Nicholai de Toblem; it is possible that either or both of those masters authored texts which inspired both this tradition as well as Fiore's own writings.

Like Fior di Battaglia, die Blume des Kampfes treats mounted fencing, spear, poleaxe/halberd, sword (both long sword and short sword), dagger (including dagger against sword), and grappling; it also includes unique content such as armored sword and shield and dueling with long shields. In comparison to their Italic counterparts, the Germanic works place a greater emphasis on short sword fencing, doubling the number of devices, and also dwarf Fiore's own rather brief treatment of unarmored grappling. The dagger, sword, and polearm material is all more or less consistent across both traditions, and the explanatory text, though unconnected to that of Fiore, demonstrates a similar understanding or interpretation of the techniques.

Manuscripts

The oldest manuscript in the Blume des Kampfes group is the Cod. 5278, which dates to the 1420s[2] and contains only simple line drawings somewhat reminiscent of the art of Fiore de'i Liberi, though differing in many details, lacking many signature characteristics such as garters and crowns, and generally less organized than the Friulian master's work.

The second entry, included in the MS B.26, was completed in ca. 1500 by Ludwig VI von Eyb;[3] it contains a significant degree of overlap with the 5278, though both manuscripts also have a wealth of unique content. While the artwork, apart from being colored, is of similar quality, Eyb's treatise surpasses its fellow by including detailed German descriptions of the devices in most of its sections. (It cannot currently be determined whether this text was authored by Eyb or present in the sources upon which he based his work, but the rest of the material in the B.26 appears to have been unaltered from its sources.)

The final manuscript, Cod. 10799, is dated 1623 and is again text-less.[4] Unlike the previous two manuscripts, however, it is illustrated with watercolors of high quality; it is also the most extensive of the three by far, encompassing nearly every device from both works as well as a number of unique devices that suggest that it was either not derived directly from the other two known manuscripts, or that it used additional sources currently unknown to us. Additionally, where the other two include war books derived from Konrad Kyeser's famous treatise on siege warfare Bellifortis, the artist of the 10799 only included the few Bellifortis illustrations that seem to portray knights and soldiers, perhaps indicating that he did not understand what he was copying. Aside from the Blume des Kampfes material, the 10799 also has a good deal of extra content including portrayals of laying down and taking up the sword, Germanic sash wrestling, armored dagger and buckler, and the sword dance.

There is a fourth Germanic manuscript potentially connected to this tradition, the Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º. This manuscript, dating to between 1465 and 1480,[5] includes a version of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital, a complete set of illustrations from Gladiatoria, and a brief excerpt of Bellifortis. Tucked away amidst these works are illustrations of fencing with sword, spear, ax, and dagger that parallel the teachings of the Blume des Kampfes but only occasionally replicate the artwork exactly. While this may simply be a case of an overambitious artist reinterpreting the illustrations he was copying, the differences are too many to include the manuscript in the concordance below.

Treatise

Due to the fragmentary nature of the extant texts, piecing together an authoritative version of the treatise is problematic. In this concordance, the structure laid out by the Cod. 5278 will generally be followed, as it is the oldest known text. The additional plays from MS B.26 will be arranged around this structure; the sequence in B.26 will only take precedence over that of 5278 in cases where the text dictates a sequence of plays (following the principle that text always takes precedence over illustrations). Unique plays from the Cod. 10799 will appear last in each section, since their relationship to the others is unclear.

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ This group has passed unnoticed until very recently, and has not been identified in any previous work on fencing manuals; indeed, most bibliographies of German fencing manuals do not even contain all of the relevant manuscripts. Wierschin (1965) includes only the 10799, and does not appear to have examined it in any depth. Hils (1985) includes only the B.26, and characteristically attributes its content to Hans Talhoffer. Anglo (2001) mentions only the 10799, which he describes in a brief footnote as derived from the Codex Wallerstein (Cod. I.6.4º.2). Bodemer (2008) likewise only briefly mentions the B.26. Finally, Leng (2008) includes both 5278 and B.26, but without the 10799 to make their connection clear he dismisses both as redactions of the work of Fiore de'i Liberi. All four bibliographies include the Cod. guelf. 78.2 Aug. 2º, but do not attempt any explanation for the illustrations connected with this group. None of the treatments of Fiore de'i Liberi's tradition to date have attempted to address these manuscripts either.
  2. ↑ The manuscript mentions a duel between Heinrich von Ramstein and Juan de Merlo which occurred on 12 December 1428; the library catalog dates it to ca. 1420/25.
  3. ↑ The dedication on folio Ar includes the date 1500.
  4. ↑ The dedication on folio 1r states that it was begun in 1623.
  5. ↑ According to the library catalog entry.
  6. ↑ Presently, a term more commonly associated with firearms evidently originated with throwing of javelins. Schiessen means ‘shooting’, but it is also indicative of ‘throwing’, ‘launching’, ‘discharging’ etc.
  7. ↑ A similar method of holding the weapons together is found in Talhoffer.
  8. ↑ Lexer equates “Torlich” with temerarius: accidental, rash, thoughtless. I have used the term ‘spontaneous’ in order to avoid an undesirable connotation in English.
  9. ↑ Lit: “run under”, “pass under”, “undermine”
  10. ↑ This is evidently Talhoffer’s second position for throwing (MS XIX.17-3, 6r; MS 78.A.15, 10r; MS KK5342, 6r)
  11. ↑ Gewappent can mean “armed” whilst verwant can mean “relatively”.
  12. ↑ Ebers, Vol.5 (1799, 354-355) “Stecken, signifies also, to pitch, to drive or thrust in, to stick”. Pfahle stecken “to set Pales, to drive or thurst them into the ground” also referring to “auf einen Pfahl stekcen, spießen: to impale”. It also follows the implication to Plant, i.e. trees into the ground. Also consider the meanings of “einer Sache das Ziel stecken: to stop the Course of a Thing”, “ein Ziel stecken: to set an Aim or a Mark to aim at”, “sich in Noth stecken: to engage, embark or intangle in a dulle Piece of Trouble”. “Ich weiß wo es steckt: I know the Difficulty of it”. The term stëchen means to Stab, but with a driving action. Such a meaning caused it to be used variously as a synonym for tournament jousting (das turnieren), particularly in poetic works (http://woerterbuchnetz.de/Lexer/?lemid=LS07141 : WIG. SUCH. LIEHT. 71,26. VIRG. 75,5. 546,8. REINFR. B. 27113. ANTEL. 185. 87. FASN. 646,25. CHR. 4. 323,15; 9. 859,2; 10. 375,17). Talhoffer makes use of the term appealing to such chivalric epics in his exordium to Liutold von Koenigsegg. Here we see the logic for why a the sword and spear are to be taken together, as per the preliminary instructions.
  13. ↑ wîʒen stv. II. (BMZ III. 781b) beachten, bemerken s. die partic. adj. gewiʒʒen, ungewiʒʒen; mit dat. u. acc. (oder präp. umbe DIEM. BÜCHL. WALTH. WIG.) jemand einen vorwurf woraus od. weshalb machen, ihm es schuld geben, verweisen, allgem. z. b. waʒ wîʒest dû mir? RUL. 50,1. waʒ wîʒet ir mir Hildebrant? BIT. 7655. 980.waʒ wîʒet ir disem wîbe? GLAUB. 2174. daʒ ne darf man ire nicht w. GR.RUD. 21,15. vgl. noch GEN. D. 62,15. ER.6303. BÜCHL. 2,15. MSF. 40,35. 113,17. NEIDH. XXXVII, 4. XXXIX, 12. LIEHT. 48,9. TROJ. 45829 (lies im statt in). AMIS L.1937. CRAON 1720. MART. 148,79. ALBR. 1,318. 24,9. HEINR. 4041. SSP. prol. 14. mit abh. s. der vater weiʒ in, daʒ GEN.65,12; bestrafen KCHR. D. 153,29. REINH. 307,445. ENGELH. 1670. mit ent-, ge-, ver-. gt. veitan nhd. sehen (in gt. in-, fraveitan) zu skr. vid, lat. videre, gr. ἰδεῖν GSP. 321. Z. 154. CURT.3 227. FICK2 189. vgl. wiʒʒen.
  14. ↑ The Bohemian Pavise, a form of shield as shown in the illustration named after the city of Pavia, Italy. It became the quintessential duelling weapon, being featured heavily in the Weisskunig. Here it takes the German form of the noun, Pavessen. Because of its size (up to a yard wide, and four or more feet tall) it often became grouped to form a shield-wall known as a Pavisade. It also tended to be used heavily by archers in the English wars with France (Fosbroke 1843, 880)
  15. ↑ The implication seems to be that the body stands evenly, and using ponderation, the body-weight is transferred forward to take the opponent by surprise.
  16. ↑ starck aus d[er] wag, lit: “strong from the balance”, or in other words, with strength from your stance, or derived from the legs. A good example of kinetic linkage perhaps?
  17. ↑ This is evidently the Gerader Versatzung (Meyer, Rapier: 2.74r; Forgeng 2006, 195), or Kron/Crown (Hutter CGM 3711, 41r-42r; Sollinger MS 38.21.Aug.2°, 46r-47r ).
  18. ↑ This play has a resemblance to Kal, BSB Cgm 1507, 22v, this seems to be Hundsfeldts fourth guard.
  19. ↑ Lit: “grip around”
  20. ↑ Lit: “the balance on both sides”
  21. ↑ Lit: “run-in”
  22. ↑ Lit: “set upon”
  23. ↑ Lit: “get-around”
  24. ↑ ewich = entwicht, entkommt
  25. ↑ Typo! The writer meant "Anclitz".
  26. ↑ The word “fall” in some narratives is known to have been used as euphemism for dying.
  27. ↑ This same term appears in Lecküchner, Cgm 582, 130v; Cod.Pal.Germ.430, 66r; http://www.hammaborg.de/pdf/transkriptionen/leckuechner_cgm582/zabinski_mitchell_fritz_leckuchner.pdf, p378.
  28. ↑ lind = 1. mild, lieblich ; 2. geschmeidig, weich
  29. ↑ This paragraph is identical in wording (though not spelling) to folio 35r-a.
  30. ↑ This paragraph is identical in wording (though not spelling) to folio 35r-b.
  31. ↑ This one reads in the first person, much akin to de’i Liberi, and is different in tone to the other instructions.
  32. ↑ This technique appears to be the logical set-up for 42v-d.
  33. ↑ Leather from deer
Early Italian masters
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Agrippa 1553 01.jpg
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