Die Blume des Kampfes

“Die Blume des Kampfes”
Author(s)	Ludwig VI von Eyb ; Unknown ;
Illustrated by	Unknown
Date	1420s or earlier
Genre	Fencing manual ; Wrestling manual ;
Language	Early New High German
State of Existence	Original hypothetical; multiple ; incomplete copies exist
Manuscript(s)	Cod. 5278 (1420s) ; MS B.26 (1500) ; Cod. 10799 (1623) Cod. guelf. 78.2 aug.2º (?) (1465-80) ;
Concordance by	Michael Chidester

Die Blume des Kampfes (“The Flower of Battle”) is a nickname given to a group of three German manuscripts spanning the 15th-17th centuries which share a common technical syllabus and set of illustrations.^[1] It might possibly be based on the tradition of 14th century Italian master Fiore de'i Liberi, from whose treatise Fior di Battaglia it derives its nickname, given that his works include considerable overlap in technique and artwork. It is equally possible, though, that they represent a separate transmission of an older tradition of which Fiore was himself an initiate; Fiore mentions in his prefaces that he owned books on the art and he also names two older masters in his tradition, Johane Suveno and Nicholai de Toblem; it is possible that either or both of those masters authored texts which inspired both this tradition as well as Fiore's own writings.

Like Fior di Battaglia, die Blume des Kampfes treats mounted fencing, spear, poleaxe/halberd, sword (both long sword and short sword), dagger (including dagger against sword), and grappling; it also includes unique content such as armored sword and shield and dueling with long shields. In comparison to their Italic counterparts, the Germanic works place a greater emphasis on short sword fencing, doubling the number of pieces, and also dwarf Fiore's own rather brief treatment of unarmored grappling. The dagger, sword, and polearm material is all more or less consistent across both traditions, and the explanatory text, though unconnected to that of Fiore, demonstrates a similar understanding or interpretation of the techniques.

Manuscripts

The oldest manuscript in the Blume des Kampfes group is the Cod. 5278, which dates to the 1420s^[2] and contains only simple line drawings somewhat reminiscent of the art of Fiore de'i Liberi—though differing in many details, lacking signature characteristics such as garters and crowns, and generally less organized than the Friulian master's work.

The second entry, included in the MS B.26, was completed in ca. 1500 by Ludwig VI von Eyb;^[3] it contains a significant degree of overlap with the 5278, though both manuscripts also have a wealth of unique content. While the artwork, apart from being colored, is of similar quality, Eyb's treatise surpasses its fellow by including detailed German descriptions of the pieces in most of its sections. (It cannot currently be determined whether this text was authored by Eyb or present in the sources upon which he based his work, but the material in the warbook portion appears to have been unaltered from its sources.)

The final manuscript, Cod. 10799, is dated 1623 and is again text-less.^[4] Unlike the previous two manuscripts, however, it is illustrated with watercolors of high quality; it is also the most extensive of the three by far, encompassing nearly every piece from both works as well as a number of unique pieces that suggest that it was either not derived directly from the other two known manuscripts, or that it used additional sources currently unknown to us. Additionally, where the other two include war books derived from Konrad Kyeser's famous treatise on siege warfare Bellifortis, the artist of the 10799 only included the few Bellifortis illustrations that seem to portray knights and soldiers, perhaps indicating that he did not understand what he was copying. Aside from the Blume des Kampfes material, the 10799 also has many original illustrations including portrayals of laying down and taking up the sword, Germanic sash wrestling, and the sword dance.

There is a fourth Germanic manuscript potentially connected to this tradition, the Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º. This manuscript, dating to between 1465 and 1480,^[5] includes a version of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital, a complete set of illustrations from Gladiatoria, and a brief excerpt of Bellifortis. Tucked away amidst these works are illustrations of fencing with sword, spear, ax, and dagger that parallel the teachings of the Blume des Kampfes but only occasionally replicate the artwork exactly. While this may simply be a case of an overambitious artist reinterpreting the illustrations he was copying, the differences are too many to include the manuscript in the concordance below.

Treatise

Due to the fragmentary nature of the extant texts, piecing together an authoritative version of the treatise is problematic. In this concordance, the structure laid out by the Cod. 5278 will generally be followed, as it is the oldest known text. The additional plays from MS B.26 will be arranged around this structure; the sequence in B.26 will only take precedence over that of 5278 in cases where the text dictates a sequence of plays (following the principle that text always takes precedence over illustrations). Unique plays from the Cod. 10799 will appear last in each section, since their relationship to the others is unclear.

No text	Erlangen Version (1500) [edit] Transcribed by Barbara Kappelmayr and Andreas Meier	Vienna Version I (1420s) (?) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester	Vienna Version II (1623) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester
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No text	Vienna Version I (1420s) (?) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester	Vienna Version II (1623) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester
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No text	Vienna Version I (1420s) (?) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester	Vienna Version II (1623) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester
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No text	Vienna Version I (1420s) (?) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester	Vienna Version II (1623) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester
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Incomplete Translation by Jay Acutt	Erlangen Version (1500) [edit] Transcribed by Barbara Kappelmayr and Andreas Meier	Vienna Version I (1420s) (?) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester	Vienna Version II (1623) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester
[1] [No text]		[182r-a] [No text]	[007r] [No text]
[2] Note: a good deceptive duelling technique (kampffstuck) on foot, in armour. When you are in the Arena and want weapons and want the end to be promptly given—then take your sword exposed by the blade in your left hand so that the point stands upright and your [spear]spike ascending in your right hand. And if he then steps toward you with his spear, and he proceeds to charge at you, then prepare to throw [yours] at him, and yet you do want to exchange throws with each other, then proffer him at the third moment throw the Spear strongly at him and so you run at him while the shot causes him concern and he must parry the spear away—then seize your sword by the hand and hilt, and shove it strongly at him, and whilst he attempts to recover, then go at him and fall in under him to penetrate in with both hands and arms onto his, or by the arse, and pull him strongly toward you. During the pull, place your head low on his chest, and penetrate and break him high on his chest with the head quickly, over your arm on to his back, and do this bravely and quickly with your force, so you will freely succeed, so must you also learn well how to shoot forward with the spear and sword.	[21r-a] [I]Tem ein gut tewsch kampffstuck zu fuss In harnisch Wan dw dich Ring wilt wappen / vnd pald endt wilt geben – So nym dein swert plos bey der klingen In dein lincke hant das das ort vbersich stee / vnd dein spitz In dein Rechte handt auf stigen vnd trit ainer gegen dir mit seinem spiess / vnd will sich mit dir stechen / so dro Im zu schiessen / vnd thue doch zwir sam dw In an schiessen wollest so versticht er zu dem dritten mall scheus den spies starck In In vnd Im den schus lauff mit Im ein / dieweil er den schus besorgt so lauff dw In seinem spies ab vnd In dem lauffen So ergreiff dein schwert bey der hand hab vnd dem gehiltz vnd schews es auch starck In In / vnd In dem schus ee er sich des erhole / So bist bey Im vnd fall In unten mit drin baiden henten vnd armen an bey seiner mit Oder bey dem ars / vnd zuck In starck zu dir / vnd In dem zucken setz Im dein kopff vnten an sein prust vnd dringt vnd priche in oben mit dem kopff gar reschlich bey seiner prust vber dein arm an seinen Ruck / vnd thue [da]s als kunlich vnd reschlich mit deiner krafft / So gelingt dir freylich auch mustw vor schiessen lern gar woll mit dem spies vnd schwert		[165r] [No text]
[3] A shot^[6] with the spear: take your sword by the blade in your left hand and spear in the right hand. Angle the [spear-]shaft forward, and raise the hilt of the sword to place them together^[7] to quite spontaneously^[8] charge at him. And if he runs in directly at you whilst you are justly charging, then thrust upwards quickly with the sword and with the shaft hand, and shoot in at him. And whilst there is this protection (schutz), then run in at him with the sword and stab. With this action yet he cannot yet come around to his sword, and thereby tackle (unterlauff^[9]) his spear as well so that he may not have a shot at you and thus stab at him quite hard until he comes in to the sword.	[16v-a] [E]in schiessen mit dem spiess Nym dein swert In dein lincke handt bey der klingen vnd den spiess In die rechte handt vnd ker den schafft fur sich vnd leg In auf das swert gehiltz sam dw gar Torlich gen Im laufst vnd wen er dir In dein Rechten rennen sey / so stoss mit dem swert vnd der handt den schaft reschlich vbersich vnd scheus In an vnd In dem schutz so lauf mit dem swert In In vnd stichen so kan er aber / zu seim swert nicht kemen hat ers vor nicht heraussen vnd vnterlauff Im den spies auch das er dich nit ge / schissen mag vnd stich In gar hart bis er zu dem swert kimbt		[146r] [No text]
[4] Either a shot with the spear or with the sword, such that someone cannot be guarded from it, and also someone cannot be sure whether you will shoot. Thus take the spear or the sword in hand and turn the point (spike, spitz) towards him, and shoot low in front of you, so that you may well dissipate a strong shot. Also do not pull it upwards because the opponent will rightly want to take a shot. And similarly, if you notice that he wants to do, then tread yourself away.	[17r-a] [O]der ein schiessen mit dem spiess oder mit dem swert das [m]an sich darvon nicht gehutn kan vnd / man merck sein auch nit ob dw schiessen wilt / So nym den spies oder das swert In die handt vnd ker die spitz gegen Im / vnd scheus vnten fur dich / so magstw wol ein starcken schuss verpring[e]n vnd zeug auch nit vbersich auff als man von rechts wegen schiessen soll wan das selb merck man woll / vnd trit dir auss		[148r] [No text]
[5] A good shot or stabbing blow with the spear, and in this you go quite maliciously and discretely against someone:^[10] So take the spear forward to wield in both forearmed upturned^[11] hands. Angle your right side arm and leg forward, so that if someone steps toward you with a sword or spear it is then that you want to reveal your spear, and in doing so you may well allow him to run right up to the half-spear, then at that point, step back quickly with your right leg so that you let your spear go around above the head in your right hand, so you may have your spear sufficiently ahead of you and thus may your spear strike him well with the iron[-point], or else shoot it in whatever way you want. That means you go quite level and proceed directly.	[16v-c] [E]in guter schuss oder schlag stich aus dem spiess / vnd get gar schlechtlich vnd verholen zw das dw gegen ainem [?] so nym den spiss In paid gewappent verwant hendt / vnd ker dein Rechte seitten pain vnd arm fur trit den[?] ainer gegen dir mit einem swert oder spiess vnd will dir dein spies ausweisen / so magstw In woll lassen lauff[?] biss zw halben spiess / so trit dan gar Reschlich mit dein rechten pain zu ruck vnd In dem trit so las dein spies vber dein kopff vmb gen yn deiner rechten handt / so wirt dein spies kurtz gennug vor dir vnd magst also dein spis woll In In schlahen mit deiner eissen oder schiessen was dw wilt / das get dir gar eben vnd geradt darauss		[147r] [No text]
[6] If you want to take a shot at someone with the spear, then jump or step always outside him on your left side, so he cannot then hit you if the shot is always struck at your right side and at his left hand.	[17r-c] [W]ill dich ainer schiessen mit dem spiess / so spring oder drit Im aus albeg auf dein lincke seitten / so drifft er dich nit wan der schuss albeg slugt auf dein rechte seitten vnd auf sein lincke hanndt		[149r] [No text]
[7] [No text]		[182r-c] [No text]	[008r] [No text]
[8] A good charge (einlauffen) when in armour with the spear: Take the spear and the sword together in both hands and wield the sword discretely so that someone will not notice it. And when someone steps toward you with a spear and has his sword separate when he charges lancingly (stecken^[12]), and he attempts to stab at the same time as you, then strike his spear away and run in at him with the sword and stab him. And also stab him upwards from below four times, so is he disarmed with a break against his armour. Then you try to stab him to death, until he goes to draw his sword, and then you jump backward so that he cannot retaliate, and go again towards him according to your advantage.	[17v-a] [E]in gut einlauffen In harnisch mit dem spies Nym den spies vnd das swert zusamen In paid hendt / vnd nym das swert verhollen das man es nit wol merckt vnd drit ainer zu dir mit einem spies vnd hat sein swert In der schaiden stecken / vnd sticht sich mit dir / so slag Im den spiess aus vnd lauff mit dem swert zu Im vnd stich Im auch vier stich vnten auf / ist er nit gewappent mit ainer harnasch pruch / so stich dw In zu todt bis er zv seim swert kumbt / vnd spring den hinter dich das er dich nicht ergrewff / vnd gee dan wider zu Im nach deim fortaill		[150r] [No text]
[9] Yet again quite a good technique against forearmed hands using the Spear: If you step towards someone with the spear, then reduce the distance between your hands [nym In kurtzer In die handt] than his is, and if he wants to stab at you this way, then rebuke^[13] (parry) his stab away with the spear, and whilst you parry, step toward him and stab him with your spear through the surcoat between his legs and let it slope down [hangen], during whatever you then drive at him. So twist in the spear firmly, release your rear grip to seize it over your back, so as to reach in with the spear through his legs. Allow the point to go to the ground and lift the shaft up strongly in front of you. And so, with it in the ground between his legs, throw him on his back.	[17v-b] [A]ber ein gar gut stuck zu gewappenter handt aus dem spies / wen dw zu einem dritzt mit dem spies so nym In kurtzer In die handt den er den sein vnd wen er dich will anstechen so weiss In den stich aus mit dem spies vnd in dem weisen vnd trit zu vnd stich Im dein spies durch den wappenrock zwischen sein pain / vnd las In hangen / was dw den mit Im treibst / so ret In der spies gar fast felst dw aber des rucks so far Im mit dem spies durch sein pain / vnd las den ort auf die erden gen vnd heb den schafft vor dir starck auf vnd auch In mit dem zwischen sein pain der erden vnd wurf in an den Ruck	[185r-b] [No text]	[151r] [No text]
[10] Note; Here there are three techniques described in sequence: The first is a throw with the spear, the other a low stab with the sword, the third is a high stab with the sword and these three deceptive techniques are for when duelling with someone in armour and forearmed in accordance with the German customs of duelling. So take your spear in your right hand in order to throw. In your left hand take together both a Pavise^[14] and a sword with a heavy pommel held upright by the blade. Cover your openings and peer out and from there with the Pavise. Also, step toward him and from this position, throw the spear strongly in at him. Whilst he attempts to parry the shot, then grasp your sword by the hilt and run in at him. Thus you run his spear away and give him an unexpected low lead-thrust while approaching from your centre-of-gravity (balance) pushed and shoved, with a similar stab at his helmet. You stab someone through any [form of] Arena armour.	[18v-a] [I]Tem ess sind hie drey stuck nacheinander geschriben Das erst ein schuss mit dem spies das ander ein vnter stich mit dem swert / das drit ein ober stich mit dem swert vnd sind drey tewsche stuck wen einer In rinck harnisch nach Tewtschem siten ring gewappent ist / So nym dein spies auf schiessen In dein rechte handt vnd ein Pauessen / vnd ein swert mit einem sweren knopff ploss bey der klingen beyss zwsamen In dein lincke handt vnd deck dein ploss vnd antlitz auss vnd aus mit der pauessen / vnd drit also zw eim vnd schewss den spies starck In In vnd in dem schuss er sich des erholt so ergreiff dein swert / bey dem gehiltz vnd lauff zu Im ein / So laufst dw Im sein spies ab vnd gib Im ein vntern swanckenten vor stich mit eim zutrit aus der wag sein helm weg gestossen vnd geschossen mit eim solichem stich Sticht man durch allen Rinck harnisch		[152r] [No text]
[11] The other [2nd] technique is when you have thrown your spear, and during the shot, thus grasp your sword by the hilt for a low fore-thrust and charge in, so you run his spear away. Yet if he recovers from it, then also step towards him with a varied entry [schwanken zutritt] from below to his stomach or done with a strong shot by punching the stab. And if his sword has been harmed by the stechen and cannot proceed, then allow your Pavise to drop down to strike him at the head, on the arm and hand, for as long as possible until he is hurt by you. And don’t let him come no more to his sword.	[18v-c] [D]aS ander stuck wen dw dein spies also verschossen hast vnd in dem schuss / So ergreiff dein swert bey dem ge / hiltz auf ein vntren vor stich vnd lauff ein so laufst dw Im sein spiess ab ee er sich des schus erholt / vnd gib Im also mit eim swanckenten zudrit vo[n] vnten an auf sein pauch oder gemacht ein starcke[n] schus stoss stich / vnd het er den sein swert In der schaiden stecken / vnd nit heraussen so las dein pauessen fallen / vnd slag In an den kopff / vnd auf die arm vnd hendt / als lang bis er dir an schaden sey vnd las In zu seim swert nit mer kumen		[153r] [No text]
[12] The third is for when you have thrown your spear and run in towards him and given him a strong thrusting stab with a varied approach from the Balance [your stance]^[15] so that you go through his armour; then stand your ground against him at the sword, if he has withdrawn and exposes the hands, to then cover your openings well with the Pavise. Step towards the back and so it misses your sword hand, moving up with a high thrust blow and step towards him, always keeping your openings covered quite well, and give him yet another high thrust blow under his neck, strengthened using your legs,^[16] and step back yet again and always perform [treib, drive] that as long as possible with low stabs and with high stabs, until you overcome him, so that he is hurt by you.	[18v-d] [D]as drit wen dw in also mit dem spies geschossen hast vnd zu Im laufst vnd Im gibst ein starcken sch[w]s stich mit eim swanckente[m] zu trit aus der wag das get durch als harnasch so steh Im auf das swert hat er das auss gezogen vnd plos In der hendt so deck dein Ploss mit der Pauessen wol vnd drit wider zu ruck vnd verbessol dein swert In der handt auf ein obern schuss schlag stich vnd trit den wider zu / vnd deck albeg dein plos gar woll vnd gib Im aber ein obern schus schlag stich vnter sein hals starck aus d[er] wag / vnd drit den aber wider zurück / vnd treib das alles als lang mit vnter stichen vnd mit obern stichen bis das dw In wuntes das er dir an schaden ist		[154r] [No text]
[13]	[050v] WEr ein kampff soll fechten / der soll sein vortail suchen mit stant vnd vechten gen der sonnen vnd man sol Im geben Sander[?]haw / gibt das auch lauffenden Pferden oder ainem hundt es laufft fuer / vnd wirt des der stercker / dw solt auch kein sollen an dein fussen haben an dein schuchen		[145r] [No text]
[14] [No text]			[160r] [No text]
[15] [No text]			[190r] [No text]

Draft Translation by Jay Acutt	Erlangen Version (1500) [edit] Transcribed by Barbara Kappelmayr and Andreas Meier	Vienna Version I (1420s) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester	Vienna Version II (1623) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester
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[7] A learned technique for when you stand with your sword at armed hands and someone approaches you and wants to stab or strike from above, then reach up with the blade between your hands and parry him up and away, and during this rebuke,^[17] step towards him and push against his sword with the arm up over his head so you are stronger and more direct if he then comes to you, so then proceed to wrestle him.	[25r-c] [E]in lern stuck wen dw stest In deine[m] swert zu gewappenter handt trit ainer gen dir vnd wil dich von oben an stechen oder schlahen / So fah das auf dein klingen zwischen dein handt / vnd weis In das vbersich aus vnd In dem weisen drit zu vnd stoss Im sein swert vnd arm auf vber sein kopff pistw dan stercker vnd gereder wan er so kumbstw zu Im zu ringen	[180r-e] [No text]	[058r] [No text] [192r] [No text]
[8] Another similar technique for when you approach someone, thus let the sword-blade go down from your left hand and swing the blade behind, around his head and neck, and grasp the blade in front of and against his neck with your left hand and during this place your left leg behind his left leg and trip him over with the arms, hands and sword over your leg onto his back.	[25r-d] [A]ber ein solich stuck wan dw also zu ainem kumbst so las dein schwert klingen nider gen aus deiner lincken handt vnd schwing Im die klingen hinten vmb sein kopff vnd hals vnd ergreiff die klingen vor seim hals wider mit deiner lincken handt vnd In dem setz Im dein lincks pain hinter sein lincks pain vnd prich In oben mit den armen handen vnd swert vb[e]r dein pain an sein Ruck	[180r-f] [No text]	[059r] [No text] [193r] [No text]
[9] [No text]	[18r-a] [No text]	[181r-a] [No text]	[047r] [No text]
[No text]		[181r-b] [No text]
[10] Note: here are described and illustrated in turn four techniques that the masters teach thereby for quite refined wrestling (hubsche ringen). The first is for when you want to attack someone from the short or long sword, then parry his point strongly up away from his left side and step quickly towards him and reach in under the blade of his sword at the chest, and place in the left hand with the sword at his neck, that in your blade over across (zwerch) staying at his neck and during the stab, step behind him and place in your right leg behind his right leg and throw him onto his back over your right leg, using your left hand by his neck.	[22r-a] [I]tem hier sind geschrieben vnd gemalt vier stuck nacheinand[?] die die Maister leren da gar hubsche ringen daraus das erst wil dich einer an stechen aus dem kurzen oder langen swert So weis Im den stich starck aus auf sein rechte seiten vnd drit resch zu vnd fah Im sein klingen vnter dem swert auf den prust / vnd setz Im die lincken handt mit dem swert auf sein prust das Im dein klingen vber zwerch an sein hals stee vnd In dem stechen drit hinter In vnd setz Im dein Rechts pain hinder sein rechts pain vnd wurff mit deiner lincken handt vnd swert bey seim hals ober dein Rechts pain an sein ruck	[181r-c] [No text]	[171r] [No text]
[11] As then you want yet a high stab from the forearmed hand, so parry him then upwards and away, and whilst you parry, stab him with your point, with sword over his blade between his [blade] and his right arm. Step in quickly and displace (versetz) him and engage (verbind) his left hand and sword with your sword between your hands with the blade above his left hand and step in strongly towards him and press the hand in on his chest and head, so that you may comfortably come to wrestle or take his sword.	[22r-b] [A]ls den will dich aber ain[er] oben an stechen aus gewap penter handt so weis Im den vbersich aus vnd In dem weisen stich Im dein ort vnd swert vber sein klingen vnd zwischen sein vnd sein rechten arm ein vnd drit resch ein vnd versetz vnd verpindt Im sein lincke handt vnd swert mit deim swert zwischen dein henden mit der klingen vber sein lincke handt / vnd drit starck inzu / vnd druck In die hanndt an sein prust vnd kopff / das mit magstw wol zuringen komen od[er] sein swert nem[en]	[181r-d] [No text]	[172r] [No text]
[12] This is another technique for when you want smack someone up high, so parry him with the point near his point or push his point up strongly between the hands upwards with your blade and during this parry or shove upward, then let you hand, arm and sword go around and push in forcefully with the pommel under his eyes or his neck. And during this shove, step towards him to wrestle, with whatever you want.	[22r-c] [D]as ander stuck will dich ainer oben an stechen so / weis Im den mit dem ort bey seim ort oder stoss Im sein ort zwischen den hendten mit deiner klingen starck vbersich auf vnd Im dem ausweisen oder dem auf stossen so las dein arm hendt vnd swert vmb gen / vnd stos In starck mit dem knopff vnder sein augen oder sein hals vnd In dem stos drit zu Im auf Ringen als dw wol waist	[181r-e] [No text]	[173r] [No text]
[13] The fourth technique will you yet smack someone up high from a forearmed hand: so parry him and push his point off upward and away. During this parry away, approach ever more strongly afterward into him and engage him with the blade by his left hand between your hand with the blade; and crowd him thus to his back and stab him at his left leg. If he prohibits this, then let your sword drop over the head and seize him strongly by the leg with both your hands and arms, and pull him up by the legs strongly and throw him on to his back.	[22r-d] [D]as vierdt stuck will dich aber ainer aus gewappent[er] handt oben an stechen / so weis vnd stos Im sein ort vbersich auf vnd auss vnd In dem ausweisen drit Imer mer starck nach vnd in zu vnd verpint Im aber sein lincke handt zwischen dein hend mit der klingen vnd dreng In also zu ruck vnd stich Im auf sein lincks pain wen ers fur setzt so las dein swert vber den kopff fallen vnd ergreiff Im bey dem pain starck mit dein baiden henden vnd arme[n] vnd Zuck Im das pain starck auf vnd wirff In an sein Rucken	[181r-f] [No text]	[174r] [No text]
[14] [No text]		[182r-e] [No text]	[040r] [No text]
[15] If you want to parry every stab and strike and to take his sword because you want to attack, then take your sword in both forearmed hands, and rest the blade in your left hand at your left leg over your knee, with the point thrust downwards and with your right hand by the hilt at your chest, so that the pommel goes underneath your right armpit. Stand thus in this manner when someone steps against you and wants to attack you with the pommel. So parry his strike and lift up the sword with both your hands and reach in to strike with the blade between your hands. And during the parry, go so that you let go of your sword and seize his sword by the hand and hilt. Pull it from his hands so that you have a sword and he doesn’t—thus in this described lesson he may not come before you and keep his sword. Yet if you want to strike him with the pommel, or you want to parry the stab but cannot take his sword, then enter for some good wrestling and push onward as I have mentioned in the other techniques.^[18]	[20r-a] [W]Iltw all stich vnd schleg versetzen / vnd aim sein swert nemen / der dich anschlahen will / so nym dein swert in baid verwant gewappent hendt / vnd leg die klingen mit deiner lincken handt auf dein lincks pain / ob deim knie / das der ort vntersich stech / vnd mit deiner rechten handt bey dem gehiltz auf deiner brust / das der knopff vbersich stech gein deim rechten vchssen vnd stee also trit ainer gegen dir / vnd will dich anslahen mit dem knopff / so versetz Im denn slag / vnd heb dein baid hendt auf mit deim schwert vnd fah Im den schlag zwisch en dein hendt In die klingen / vnd In dem versetzen vnd fahen so las dein swert fallen vnd ergreiff Im sein swert bey der handt hab vnd gehiltz / vnd zuck Im das aus der handt so hastw ein swert vnd er kains also mit der obgeschreben ler mag keiner sein swert vor dir behalten der dich mit dem knopff will schlahen oder ein stich versetzt dw auch woll damit aber dw magst keinem sein swert nemen es gingen auch gut Ringen vnd stos daraus die ich In andern stucken geschriben han		[161r] [No text]
[16] A good wrestle by means when you suffer against someone stronger, albeit armed or unarmoured. If you step in close towards him wanting to grapple with him, then drop suddenly to tackle (zurnren an) him down by the knee, and when he is unbalanced, then bear-hug (vmbgreiff^[19]) both his legs with arm and hands, and pull them towards you, at the same time pushing him over with your head under his chest so he falls onto his back.	[20r-c] [E]In gar gut ringen mit wegen ainem krancken wider ein starcken gewappent oder Ploss wen dw zw dritzt gar nahendt vnd dich mit im fassen wilt / so fall zurnren an Im nyder auf ein knie / vnd In dem fallen so vmbgreiff Im seine baide pain mit dem arm vnd hendt[e]n / vnd zuck In zu dir / vnd stoss vnd prich In oben mit deim kopff vnter seiner prust an sein Rick		[162r] [No text]
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[18] [No text]		[183r-b] [No text]
[19] [No text]		[183r-d] [No text]	[042r] [No text]
[20] If you want disarm someone when one’s hands are armed, then stab him with your sword between his arms so that your tip comes to his hilt and grasp his hilt and the tip of your sword together with both hands above and below and rotate (wint) him outwards and away to whichever side you want, and then you step behind you, then he must allow himself be hurt.	[20v-a] [W]ilt dw aim das swert nemen mit gewappenter handt so stich Im dein swert zwischen sein arm ein das dein spitz kim zu seim hiltz / vnd ergreiff Im sein gehiltz vnd dein spitz zusamen vnt[e]n vnd oben In baid hendt vnd wint Ims aus auf welhe seiten du wilt vnd trit hinter dich So mus ers lassen an schaden	[183r-e] [No text]	[043r] [No text] [163r] [No text]
[21] Yet one sword-disarm in armour: If someone wants to stab you, then step in close to him and strike his point away at your left hand and during this blow, grasp his point as well as your own point and step towards him, rotate his with your right arm and with the elbow quickly move your right hand away and step behind yourself so that both points come in towards him. Thus stab him from you and shoot in with his sword or throw it behind.	[20v-b] [A]ber ein swert nehmen In harnasch Wen sich ainer mit dir sticht so trit nahent zu Im vnd schlag Im sein ort aus auf dein lincke handt / vnd in dem schlag so begreiff sein ort / vnd dein ort / vnd trit zw Im vnd wint Ims mit deim Rechten arm vnd mit dem ellenpogen reschlich auss gen dir auf dein rechte handt vnd trit hinter dich so komen die spitz baid gegen Im so stich In von dir vnd schewss in mit seim swert od[er] wirff es hin	[183r-c] [No text]	[164r] [No text]
[22] A good wrestle: if someone moves, you move, and if you want to attack him, then take your sword in both hands and strike him on his sword by the point with your point, and whilst you strike, step around him and place in your arm which holds the sword at his throat to throw him over your leg on to his back by placing it behind his leg—and do it quickly.	[23r-a] [E]in gut Ringen wen man gen dir get vnd wil dir an setzen so nym dein swert In baid hendt vnd streich Im auf sein schwert bey dem ort mit deim ort vnd In dem streichen vmb drit In vnd setz Im dein arm mit dem swert an sein hals vnd wirff In an den Rucken vber dein pain das setz Im hinten an sein pain vnd thue es Reschlich		[179r] [No text]
[23] If an expert comes at you, and you want to engage with his sword as a means to wrestle, then let your sword go around his hand and pull his sword out of his hands by the blade using your hilt and pommel. Whilst you pull, then reach through with the right hand and using the pommel of your sword, drop down at him at the bow/arch/bend behind his left leg; and with the left arm and with the blade placed in over on the neck and press him down from above, and trip him up down low with the hilt, and throw him on to his back.	[23r-b] [K]umbt ein gelertter an dich vnd will dir ansetzn sein swert nach Ringen so las dein swert vmb gen In der handt vnd zuck Im sein swert kling[en] mit deinem gehiltz vnd knopff aus der handt vnd In dem zucken far durch mit der rechten handt vnd mit dein swerts kltz fall Im In sein linck knie pug / vnd mit dem lincken arm vnd mit der klingen setz im oben an den hals vnd prich In oben nider vnd wig In vnten auf mit dem gehiltz vnd wirff In an den ruck	[183r-f] [No text]	[180r] [No text]
[24] [No text]		[184r-a] [No text]	[188r] [No text]
[25] A technique to forearmed hands: if you go to approach someone and you stab with him, then step in toward him quite close and parry his stab away, and step whilst you parry, allowing your sword to fall, drop down toward him at the knee, and whilst you drop then seize both his legs with both your arms and pull in towards you so that he falls onto his back.	[23r-c] [E]In Stuck zu gewappenter handt wen dw zu ainem gest / vnd dich mit Im stichst So drit zu Im gar nahent vnd weis Im den stich aus vnd In dem weisen vnd drit / so las dein swert fallen vn fall zu [?] an Im nider auf ein knie vnd In dem fallen so ergreiff Im sein paide pain mit dein paiden armen vnd zuck in zu dir so velt er an den Rucken		[181r] [No text]
[26] Yet another good attack: if the two of you have both attacked high and penetrated each others' defence, then remember: seize his sword by the point with your left hand foremost and pull back a little behind yourself and whilst you pull, thus parry his sword upward and away and step toward him and place one leg in behind his left leg and with the right hand high press him down over that leg, onto his back.	[23r-d] [A]ber ein gut ansetzen wen zwen baid haben oben an gesetzt / vnd miteinander dringen / so gedenck vnd ergreiff Im sein swert mit deiner lincken handt voren (sic) bey dem ort vnd zuck ein wonig (sic) hinter dich vnd In dem zucken so weis Im sein schwert vbersich aus vnd drit zu Im vnd setz Im ein pain hinter sein licks pain vnd mit der rechten handt prich In oben nider vber das pain an den Ruck	[184r-b] [No text]	[182r] [No text]
[27] A good technique for when you step toward someone, and he wants to stab or strike you. So take your sword in both hands and step forward with the right foot and reach in the strike or the stab in his approach with both your hands on the sword, and push him away on the left side, and whilst you push and so drive the step with the sword through his left leg and through his armpit and lift his leg up with the point and throw him on his back. Or place the sword with the pommel and the hand in at the neck, and in this position behind him, place in your right leg behind his left leg and throw him over on to his back.	[21v-b] [E]in gut stuck wen dw gen aine[m] drizt will er dich stechen oder schlahen / so nym dein swert in paid hendt vnd drit mit dem rechten fuss fur vnd vnd fah In den shlag oder den stich In dem drit zwischen dein handt In dass schwert / vnd stoss Im den aus auf die lincken seiten vnd In dem stoss vnd drit so far Im mit deim swert durch sein lincks pain vnd durch sein vchssen vnd heb Im das pain auf mit dem ort vnd wirf In an den Ruck oder setz Im das swert mit dem knopff vnd die handt an den hals vnd in dem setzen dar hint[er] In vnd setz Im dein rechts pain hinter sein lincks pain vnd wirff In daruber auf den Ruck	[184r-c] [No text]	[168r] [No text]
[28] A technique taught when having forearmed hands: if you go with a stab, then stab in at him under his arm and step quickly toward him, placing the blade therewith both upon his left arm and placing the point of the sword between his legs and trip up the left leg therewith and with the pommel high and the hand penetrates him low, throw him on to his back.	[22v-d] [E]in lern stuck In gewappenter handt Wen dw dich mit [a]inem stichst so stich Im vnter sein arm ein vnd drit resch In Im vnd setz die klingen bey der mit an sein lincken arm / vnd In dem setzen den ort an dem swert zwischen pain vnd wig an damit das linck pain auf vnd oben mit dem knopff vnd der handt prich In nider vnd wirff In an den Rucken	[184r-d] [No text]	[178r] [No text]
[29] A good manoeuvre against armed hands that’s called the “center-of-gravity on both sides” (die wag auf baid seiten^[20]). If someone wants to stab at you, then during the stab, parry it away and whilst you parry, step in towards him and wind your sword under his arm, and move quickly whilst you wind. Thus attend on whichever leg he has placed foremost with his weight on it and reach down seize his thigh by that same leg with both hands. Lift his leg up and throw him on the back.	[21r-c] [E]in guts stuck zu gewappent handt / das haist die wag auf baid seiten wen dich ainer an will stech[n]n so weis In den stich aus vnd In dem weisen trit In In vnd wint Im de in swert vnter sein arm vnd In dem winten gar resch So wart welhes pain er fur hab gesetzt auf der selb en seiten far nider vnd ergreuff Im euchwentis bey dem selben pain mit dein paiden henten vnd heb im das pain auf vnd wurff In an den Rucken	[184r-e] [No text]	[166r] [No text]
[30] A good technique indeed to a forearmed hand. When you stand in front of someone, then hold your sword in a forearmed hand and place your left leg forward, laying the blade at the leg with the point at the knee, that the point stands going down towards the ground and the pommel goes upward to your right armpit. And stand thusly when he steps in against you, and you want to attack, so parry away during the stab with the point and whilst you parry, then step forward quickly with the right foot inside his left leg. And during both the parry and step, twist your sword around in your hand so the pommel comes in at his neck and throw him over your right leg by his left leg with the pommel over his neck. But he pulls back his left leg, and thus steps backwards, then offer him a deadly (mortlichen) thrust (stoss) with the pommel under his eyes and shall yet then do so on the right as before. Also it must be performed quickly all-at-the-same-time (miteinander, together): the parry away, the step behind and the pommel to the neck, then you throw him.	[21v-a] [E]in gar gut stuck zu gewappenter handt wen dw vor ainem stest so fas dein swert In gewappente handt vnd setz dein lincks pain vor vnd leg die klingen mit dem ort auf das pain auff das knie das der ort vntersich stee gen der erden vnd der knopff vbersich gen dein rechten vchssen / vnd stee also wen er den gen dir drit vnd will dich an stechen so weis Im den stich aus mit dem ort / vnd In dem weisen so drit resch mit dein rechten fus fur Inner sein lincks pain / vnd In dem weisen vnd In dem drit so windt dein swert vmb In der handt das Im der knopff an den hals kumb / vnd wirff In oben mit dein knopff bey dem hals vber dein rechts pain bey seine[m] lincken pain Zuck er dir aber sein lincks pain / vnd drit zu Ruck so gib Im ein mortlich[e]n stoss mit dem knopff vnter sein augen vnd wert den aber auf In recht als vor Auch mus es miteinander zugen gar Reschlich das auss weisen vnd der drit hinterzu vnd den knopff Zu dem hals so werstw In	[184r-f] [No text]	[167r] [No text]
[31] [No text]		[185r-a] [No text]	[044r] [No text]
[32] The charge^[21] from the sword: when someone wants to attack^[22] you under the eyes, then take your sword in both hands and lift up your sword in order to lift up his with full effort, and throw your sword over his back, seize him on his left and throw him on the back.	[21v-c] [D]as einlauffen von dem schwert wen man dir will an setzen vnter die augen so nym dein swert in baid hendt vnd heb mit deim swert sein swert auf mit voller macht / vnd wirff dein swert vber Ruck vnd begreiff In beý dem pain vnd wirff In auf den Ruck		[169r] [No text]
[33] A technique to an forearmed hand: when you stand with your sword and have placed your left leg foremost, as one stands when you want to pierce (anstechen) someone, then step in with your right foot during the stab a little bit closer so he drops and positions you so that he has you on the left side, thus let your sword move low and he has placed the same left leg forward, then place it on the ground behind that same leg and whilst you place it, push him over the sword on to his back. And this must go against him quickly indeed.	[21v-d] [E]in stuck zu gewappenter handt wan dw stest In deim swert vnd hast dein lincks pain furegesetzt als man sten sol will dich ainer anstechen so trit In dem stich mit deinem rechten Pain ein wenig neben sich aus so velt er den so setz Im den oben an weist er dir das auf die lincken seiten / so las dein swert vnder gen / vnd hat er das selb linck pain fur gesetzt so setz Ims hinter das selb pain In die erden vnd In dem setz[e]n stos ihn vber das swert an den Rucken vnd mus auch gar Reschlich Zugeen		[170r] [No text]
[34] Another wrestle from the sword: if you go in at someone and you and him both stab, such that he is the same as you, then strike his point away and run in with him and together that you both may fall. In which case, you seize him by whichever leg his has placed closest to you with an upturned arm, and with the other arm seize him by the chest, up high press him down, down low, lift up the leg and throw him on to his back.	[22v-a] [E]in ander Ringen aus dem schwert wen dw mit ainem ein gest vnd dich mit Im sticht [?] dich das er dir geleich sey so schlag Im sein ort aus / vnd lauf mit Im ein vnd thu sam dw In oben an welst fallen vnd welchs pain er dir hat fur gesetzt das ergreiff In mit verwanten arm vnd mit dem andern arm ergreiff In bey der brust vnd prich In oben nider vnd vnten das pain auf vnd wirf In auf de[n] ruck		[175r] [No text]
[35] A good duelling wrestle on both sides, whichever it is suitable for you to do: If you come in to wrestle with someone at the arms (joint-locking?), then seize his left hand with your right hand and pull it over your head and drive in through under his armpit and pin it behind to wrestle his left leg with your left hand. Lift him up with the back and throw him, also lift him by the left arm holding it over the head.	[22v-b] [E]in gut kampff ringen auf baid seiten welche dir die gereyt ist magstwes es woll thun / wan dw mit ainem zu Ringen kumpst aus den armen / so ergrwff Im sein linke handt mit deiner rechten handt / vnd zuck Im vber dein kopff vnd far Im durch sein vchssen vnd ergreiff In hinttr werttling sein linkes pain mit deiner linken handt vnd heb Im auf mit dem ruck vnd wirff In auch heb Im den Lincken arm vber den kopff fast		[176r] [No text]
[36] Yet an attack that you set upon him from above, and he wants to defend you and your sword strikes upwards and away. So let your pommel go forward and rotate (wind) under both his arms and place your right leg against him, behind his left leg and throw him over with your arms, with the sword under his armpits in front of his chest, over your leg on to his back.	[22v-c] [A]ber ein ansetzen setzt dw aim oben an vnd will er dirs weren vnd streicht dir dein swert vbersich aus so las den knopff fur gen / vnd vnter wind Im sein paid arm vnd setz Im aber dein rechts pain hinter sein lincks pain vnd wirff In oben mit den armen vnd mit dem swert vnter den vchssen for der prust vber das pain an den Ruck	[185r-c] [No text]	[177r] [No text]
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[40] An orbit^[23] to wrestle in order to harm when in armour: when you get around someone with the sword in such a manner as you have parried him—and he does this to you as well—then pull him with your right hand by his right hand yet he has not seized yours, then pull him on the other side with your left hand by his left hand. Drive as much as you can at both sides so that if he tries to seize you, or if he does seize you, then you will seize him on whichever side he turns toward you. During the grip on his hand, step around and seize him from behind over the shoulders on his left side. Pass his hand from your hand in to your other hand and thereby hold him round the middle with the freed arm and lift him up and throw him on to his back or over one leg, thus you may withdraw from him to harm.	[23v-a] [E]In vmbgent Ringen in harnisch an schaden wen dw mit aim vmbgest mit dem schwert / das dw Im an hast gesetzt vnd er dir auch so zuck in mit deiner rechten handt bey seiner rechten handt hengt er dir nit so zuck In auf die andern seiten mit deiner linkcne handt bey seiner lincken handt vnd das treib als vill auf baid seiten pis er dir heng wen er dir hengt / das er dir die seiten hat kert In dein zucken hab Im die handt fest vnd trit vmb in vnd greiff Im hinden vber die achssell auf seiner lincken seiten vnd gib aus deiner handt sein handt In dein andere handt vnd mit dem ledigen arm fass In bey der mit vnd heb In auff vnd wurff In an den Rucken oder vber ein pain auch geret es dir nit so gest dw woll von Im an schaden		[183r] [No text]
[41] Indeed a good strike technique from an armed man’s hand. If someone does not have armoured legs and drives in the sword in an approach with armed hand and should it come to an engagement, then drop the sword into the Iron Door (eissnen Pfortten) and step with your right foot forward and go up from below with a stab out of the Iron Door to his face and if he is wary of this, thus do a double step (zwiefachen trit) with your leading right foot on his left side and whilst you step, quickly let your sword go around over your head and cut him up close to his left leg at the calf so that he sits back [into a back stance?].	[23v-b] [E]In gar gut schleg stuck aus gewappentt[er] handt ob einer an den Painen nicht gewappent ist das trifft In das lang schwert trit gen aim mit gewappenter handt vnd wen es get an das treffen so fall In das lang swert In die eissnen Pfortten vnd trit mit deim recht[en] fuss fur vnd gee vnten auff mit stichen aus der eisnen Pfortten zu seim antlitz vnd wen es dir eben ist so thue ein zwiefachen trit mit deim fodern rechten fuss auf sein linck seiten vnd resch In dem trit lass dein swert vmb geen vber dein kopff vnd haw In neben in sein lincks pain In den waden das er an dem ruck sitz	[186r-a] [No text]	[050r] [No text] [184r] [No text]
[42] When you attempt your stab, then attend upon whichever foot he placed in front of you and stab him therein with the sword and press firmly so that he is rendered pathetic.	[23v-c] [W]Enn dw dich mit aim stiches so wart auf den fuss den er dir hat fur gesetzt vnd stich Im darein mit dem swert vnd druck fast zu so ist er arm		[185r] [No text]
[43] [No text]		[186r-b] [No text]	[051r] [No text] [158r] [No text]
[44] [No text]		[186r-c] [No text]
[45] When both come together to attack each other up high attempting to wrestle and attempting to pierce one another, then place in your sword and shove in behind to have the hold so you can safeguard yourself and also so that he can’t continue to do anything to you, but fall onto his stomach, but if it happens that he retaliates (zorn thut das, “that does anger him”) that you are also driven backward, such that he will also penetrate you, then draw your sword (zuck dein schwert) and take him by the rear hand and let your sword drop with the pommel in the ground, and pull him tightly by the hand so that he falls onto the sword or on to his belly whichever is most useful to you.	[25r-a] [K]umen zwen gelert zusamen die aneinand[er] ansetzen oben nach ringen vnd miteinander werden tringen so leg dich in dein schwert vnd scheub In fast hinter sich doch hab dein warung das er dir nit ewich^[24] das dw selber auf den pauch falst wen es Im dan zorn thut das dw In also hintersich treibst / so wirt er dich auch tringen / so zuck dein schwert vnd nym In bey der nachsten handt vnd las dein schwert fallen mit dem knopff in die erden / vnd zuck In vast bey der handt / so velt er an das schwert oder auf den pauch das ist dir nutzer		[057r] [No text] [191r] [No text]
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[50] [No text]			[187r] [No text]
[51] [No text]			[189r] [No text]

Draft Translation by Jay Acutt	Erlangen Version (1500) [edit] Transcribed by Barbara Kappelmayr and Andreas Meier	Vienna Version I (1420s) (?) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester	Vienna Version II (1623) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester
[1] When you go against someone with the dagger in armour, then step at the foot on whichever foot he has placed foremost, because its open to your foot behind his heel by dragging it away and meanwhile you strike, push him over from you, so that he falls onto his back.	[26v-a] [W]en dw zw ainem gest mit dem degen In harnisch so sich Im auf die fuss welhen fuss er dir hat fur gesetzt da schlah In an mit deim fuss vorn mit der zehen hindten an sein verssen vnd In dem schlag stoss In oben von dir so velt er an den Ruck		[234r] [No text]
[2] An Arm-break if you want to stab someone from above or below: so catch his right arm close to the hand and dagger with your right hand, and pull him strongly forward at your right side and [?] him your left shoulder under his right arm, grabbing as well with your left hand, and then break his arm over your shoulder.	[26v-b] [A]ber ein arm prech[e]n will dich ainer anstechen von [oben] oder vndten so fach Im sein rechten arm nahe[?] bey der handt vnd degen mit deiner rechten handt vnd zuck In starck fur sich auf dein rechte seiten vnd [?] Im dein lincke achssel vnder sein rechten arm vnd greiff mit deiner lincken handt auch zw vnd [prich] Im den arm ab vber dein achssel	[186r-d] [No text]	[235r] [No text]
[3] An Arm-break using the dagger: If someone wants to stab at you up from below with a front stab, so stab his arm by the hand with your right hand and his blade in your left hand and during this grip lift quick, and throw yourself around and turn yourself through under his arm so you break his arm off.	[26v-c] [A]ber ein arm Prechen aus dem degen will dich ainer an stechen von vnten auff mit eim vor stich so stich Im sein arm bey der handt mit deiner Rechen handt / vnd die klingen In dein lincke handt vnd In dem vahen heb vast vnd wurff dich vmb vnd windt dich vnten durch sein arm / so prichstw Im den arm ab		[236r] [No text]
[4] A good dagger disarm for when someone wants to stab you from above: so lay your left arm at your right crossing together, and reach the point between the hands in your arm and during this seize him by the hand and together with the dagger-haft (with your left hand high and the right hand seizing low on his arm), and during this grip twist his hand and then go in at with the arm and during the twist (winden) thus over goes with your upper arm at his arm. Thus you may want to dislocate his arm by his elbow with the elbow.	[26v-d] [E]in gut degen nemen will ainer ein degen In [dich] schlahen von oben ein so leg dein lincken arm auf dein rechten sam ein kreutz / vnd fah den stich zwischen die hendt In deine arm vnd in dem vahen [?] ergreiff Im die handt vnd das degenhefft zusamen mit deiner obern lincken handt vnd der vntern Rechten handt ergreiff Im den arm / vnd In dem greiffen windt Im die handt vnd den arm gen [I]m vnd in dem winden so get dir dein ober arm [auf] sein arm / So magstw Im sein arm woll [abrencken] mit dem ellenpogen bey seim ellenpogen		[237r] [No text]
[5] A noble dagger disarm with your dagger, for when someone strikes in at you from above with his dagger, so during the strike reach for your dagger with your right arm, and quickly turn (wind) in your dagger blade over his arm and grip with your left hand across over your right arm to take hold of your blade with this selfsame left hand. Then you have trapped his dagger and hands, and then press your hands down with your dagger and lift the arm behind with the cross, so that he must let his dagger to fall or else his arm to break.	[30r-d] EIn hoflich degen nemen mit deim degen will ein[er] ein degen In dich schlahen von oben ein so fah Im den schlag auf deim Rechten arm zw deim degen vnd resch wint Im dein degen klingen vber sein arm vnd greiff mit deiner lincken hant kreutzweis vber dein rechten arm vnd ergreiff dein klingen mit der selbig[en] lincken handt so verpintzt dw Im sein degen vnd handt vnd truck den dein handt mit deim degen nider vnd heb den arm hinten mit dem kreutz auf so muss ern degen fallen laß[e]n od[er] sein arm zwprechen	[186r-e] [No text]	[211r] [No text]
[6] A secret stab using the dagger, should you stab together but he wishes to stab from above, so look at the point and reach down in front of him and reverse your hand and stab him from below up to the genitals.	[30v-a] EIn verporgner stich aus dem degen thue sam dw oben ann aim wolt stech[e]n so lug Im den stich vnd far vor Im nider vnd verbent dein handt vnd stich In von vnten auf zu dem gemecht	[186r-f] [No text]	[249r] [No text]
[7] Yet another similar technique with the dagger; seize him by his left arm close to his hand and pull him by the arm in front of you, and stab him under his armpit with your dagger by stabbing up from below.	[30v-b] Aber ein selich stuck mit dem degen ergreiff Im sein lincken arm nahent bey der handt vnd zuck Im den arm fur dich vnd stich In unter seim vchssen mit deim degen mit stichen vo[n] vnten auff		[250r] [No text]
[8] Yet a stab up from below in armour using the dagger: when you wish to seize someone by his arm, hand or dagger, thus at the same time as seizing, lift up your stab from below with the dagger.	[30v-c] Aber ein stich von vnten auff In harnisch mit dem degen / wen dw ain ergreifst bey seim arm handt oder degen das hab als fast die weil stich In von vnten auff mit dem degen		[251r] [No text]
[9] Yet a courtesy using the dagger forearmed or exposed with a wooden waster (holtzlein)—take your dagger in your hand so that you see the blade uppermost, and step toward him and strike in your right arm at his right shoulder with your dagger, so that the blade goes up behind his neck, and seize then with the left arm crosswise seizing underneath with the edge in the hand by the spike, and pull him strongly toward you and press his neck with the [?] firmly, so that you suffocate him in, into the helmet (hundskappen) or [?] make him exposed at the neck.	[30v-d] Aber ein hubschait aus dem degen gewappent oder plos mit aim holtzlein nym dein degen In dein handt das die kling vbersich sehe vnd trit zw aim vnd schla[h] Im dein rechten arm auf sein rechten achssel mit dein degen / das Im die kling hinter sein hals auff gee vnd greiff dan mit dein lincken arm kreutzweiss vnder greiff die klingen bey der spitz In die handt vnd zeuch In starck zue dir vnd truck Im sein hals mit den [?] starck zw so erstickstw In In einer huntzkapp[e]n oder [?] er ploss mit dem hals ist		[252r] [No text]
[10] A good wrestle using the dagger, for when someone strikes at you from above with the dagger, so you grab under his strike and seize his arm close to the hand and the dagger: and pull his arm strongly over your chest and place the left leg behind his right leg and break him over with the left arm and hand by his left shoulder with the hand over your right leg behind the back of his, and have his right arm with the dagger tightly by the hand in front of your chest, so does he fall.	[27r-a] [E]in gut ringen aus dem degen will dich ainer von oben an [?] ein degen In dich schlahen so vnter greiff im den slag vnd [ergreiff] Im sein arm nahent bey der hendt vnd dem degen vnd zuck sein arm starck vber dein prust an dich vnd setz dein lincks pain hinter sein rechts pain vnd prich In oben mit deim lincks arm vnd handt bei seiner lincken achssell mit der handt vber dein rechts pain an sein Rucken vnd hab sein rechten arm mit dem degen bey der handt vor deiner brust fast bis er felt	[187r-a] [No text]	[238r] [No text]
[11] A good wrestle with the dagger when forearmed in accordance with the customs of the Germanic Arena: When someone wishes to strike at you from above, then grip under him underneath the stab with the right hand under his arm close to his hand and pull his arm strongly toward you to one side, and during the pull, thus allow him to come forward and tread around him with two steps, and during the step, then seize him by his neck with your right arm and place in his right leg behind his right leg and break him strongly from above by his neck over your right left onto his back.	[27r-b] [E]in gut Ringen aus dem degen nach Teutschen sitten ring gewappnet will ainer ein degen von oben an In dich schlah[e]n So vntter greiff im den schlag stich mit deiner rechten handt vnttr seim arm nahent bey seiner handt vnd zuck Im den arm starck zu dir auf ein seitten vnd In dem zucken so lass In fur geen vnd vmb trit In mit zweien tritten vnd in dem trit so ergreiff In bey seim hals mit deim rechten arm / vnd setz Im sein (sic) rechts pain hinter sein Rechts pain vnd prich In starck oben bey seim hals vber dein Rechts pain an sein Rucken	[187r-b] [No text]	[239r] [No text]
[12] A technique from the dagger: when someone attempts to strike at you from above, then grab him underneath the blow and reach his arm close to his hand and pull him forward and twist his hand around with the dagger, and during the twist, thus grip similarly with your left hand on his right arm underneath by the forearm and press and twist him down to the back and squeeze with your left hand tightly underneath his armpit by his forearm, thus break his arm or else so must he fall.	[27v-a] [A]ber ein stuck aus dem degen will einer ein degen von oben an in dich schlahen / so vntergreiff Im den schlag vnd fah Im sein arm nahent bey seiner handt / vnd zuck In fur sich vnd windt Im die handt mit dem degen vmb vnd In dem winten so greiff zw mit deiner lincken handt vnd ergreiff den selben sein rechten arm vnten bey der meüss vnd pring vnd windt Im den nider zu ruck vnd schewb mit deiner lincken handt fast nach vnter sein vchssen bey seiner maus so pricht Im der arm oder ern muss vallen	[187r-c] [No text]	[242r] [No text]
[13] Yet another similar technique for when someone wants to stab you from above, then seize under his strike with your right hand close to his hand and arm, and twist the hand and the arm around behind his back and during the grip, seize with your left hand on his arm by the hand and step behind him so you keep his arm under your left armpit, so lift his arm tightly and [?] and twist strongly at his back and break and press them off with your left elbow on his right elbow.	[27v-b] [A]ber ain sollich stuck wen dich ainer oben an will [stechen] so vntergreiff Im den schlag mit deiner Rechten [handt] nahent bey der handt vnd arm vnd wint Im die handt [vnd] den arm vmb hinten auf sein Rucken vnd in dem [?] greiff mit deiner lincken handt sein arm bey der [?] handt vnd trit hinter In so kimbt dir sein arm [?] dein lincks vchssen so heb sein arm vast vnd [?] vnd wint starck auf sein rucken vnd prich vnd truck Innen ab mit deinem lincken ellenpogen [?] seim Rechten ellenpogen	[187r-d] [No text]	[243r] [No text]
[14] Yet just a similar technique from the dagger as before, in all enterprises then your will seize outside his dagger hand to break him and behind accordingly you may turn it round. And break or throw him back from the legs.	[27v-c] [A]ber gleich ein sollich stuck auss dem degen als vor In aller geschafft den das dw aim sein degen vor aus der handt pricht vnd hint nach magstw Im sein arm winden piegen Vnd prech[e]n oder werffen zu ruck aus dem painen	[187r-e] [No text]	[244r] [No text]
[15] Yet just a similar technique from the dagger, when someone wants to strike you from above, so you will seize underneath and extend the strike in your hand by his arm and step around him with two steps and twist his arm up around the back and stick your left arm through it and pin him by the shoulder, and pin his arm up and throw him onto the face, so he must fall or break his arms.	[27v-d] [A]ber gleich ein sollich stuck aus dem degen [wan] einer ein degen von oben an in ain schlahen [will] so vntergreiff vnd fah den slag In dein [handt] bey seim arm vnd vmb trit In mit zwaien [trit] vnd windt Im sein arm auf den Ruck vnd [steck] dein lincken arm dardurch vnd fass In bey der [achsel] vnd wig Im den arm auf vnd wirff In auf das antzlit^[25] so muss er fallen oder der arm Prech[e]n	[187r-f] [No text]	[245r] [No text]
[16] When you want to take someone’s dagger, so you may stab him in the body then drop in with your left hand on his arm and then pull back the left hand again and drop in his dagger, and when he drops it, so place in your right arm underneath his hand and break his dagger from underneath out over the arm.	[27r-c] [W]Iltw aim den degen nemen der dich bey dem leib an stechen will so vall im mit deiner lincken handt In sein arm vnd zuck den die lincken handt wider vnd fall Im In degen vnd in dem fallen so setz dein rechten arm vnten an sein handt vnd prich Im den degen vntersich vber den arm auss		[240r] [No text]
[17] If you want to take someone’s dagger someone who wants to a full stab above you, so grab underneath his stab with your left arm close to his hand and break his dagger away at your left side.	[27r-d] [W]Iltw aim den degen nemen der dich oben ein will stech[e]n mit woll er macht so vntergreiff Im den stich mit deim lincken arm nahent bey seiner handt vnd prich Ime den degen aus auf dein lincke seytten	[188r-a] [No text]	[241r] [No text]
[18] [No text]		[188r-b] [No text]
[19] If someone wants to stab at you from below, so reach the point at your right arm and twist his arm with your arm at the back with two steps and fall in then with the left hand on the other arm and throw him to the ground.	[30r-c] WIll man dich stech[e]n vnden auf so fah den stich auf dein rechten arm vnd wint Im sein arm mit deim arm auff den Ruck mit zwaien tritten vnd fall Im dan mit der lincken handt In den and[e]rn arm vnd wurff In auf die erd		[248r] [No text]
[20] [No text]		[188r-c] [No text]
[21] If you want to take his dagger and you wish to attack him at the body, thus fall in with your right hand at his arm and with the left hand against it at the back and drop him with the dagger and during the drop then place in your right arm under on his hand and break his dagger downwards away over the arm.	[30r-a] Wiltw aim den degen nemen der dich bey dem Leib an stechen will so fall Im mit deiner Rechten handt Inn sein arm vnd ruck dan die lincken handt wider vnd fall Im In den degen vnd in dem fallen so setz dein Rechten arm vntten an sein handt vnd prich Im den degen vnter sich vber den arm auss		[246r] [No text]
[22] If you wish to take someone’s dagger, against someone who wants to stab from below, and you also want to thrust during the disarm, then fall in with your right hand in the arm and with the left hand on the blade, and counter the blade going in over your right arm, and thrust then with the dagger in at his chest.	[30r-b] Biltw (sic) aim den degen Nemen der dich vnt[e]n an will stechen / vnd wilt In selber also stechen In dem neme[n] so fal Im mit deiner rechten handt In den arm vnd mit der lincken handt in die klingen vnd prich die klingen gen In vber dein rechten arm aus vnd stoss den mit der Prust den degen In In	[188r-d] [No text]	[247r] [No text]
[23] [No text]	[25v-a] [No text]		[218r] [No text]
[24] [No text]	[25v-b] [No text]		[219r] [No text]
[25] [No text]	[25v-c] [No text]		[220r] [No text]
[26] [No text]	[25v-d] [No text]		[221r] [No text]
[27] [No text]	[25v-e] [No text]		[222r] [No text]
[28] [No text]	[25v-f] [No text]		[207r] [No text]
[29] Note: If you want to pierce someone with your dagger, such that he must fall,^[26] then take your dagger in your hand and act as though you seek to strike him in the head. So look at where you’re striking a stab and reach down between you and him and strike and pierce him with your dagger behind his foremost-placed left leg at the knee, and pull him upward by the leg using your dagger; and meanwhile you push him backwards onto his back by his chest with your left hand. That must be done quickly, doing the stab strike and the leg lift together, and so you break his back and if you miss the stab, such that you don’t skewer (schat; Scharte) no flesh, then pull his leg up with the dagger blade since it’s stronger and wiser then if you lacerate.	[26r-a] [I]Tem wiltw ainem mit deine[m] degen stechen das er falen muss so nym dein degen In dein handt sam dw aim dein degen in sein hawbt schlahen welst / So lug Im dan den schlag stich / vnd far zwischen dir vnd Im nider vnd schlag vnd stich Im dein degen hinden in sein furgesetzts lincks pain In die kniepug vnd zuck Im das pain mit deim degen vbersich auf / vnd In dem zucken brich In oben bey seiner brust mit deiner lincken handt hintersich an sein ruck / das muss gar reschlich miteinander zugeen der schlag stich vnd das pain aufheben / vnd das prech[e]n auf denn Ruck vnd ob dw des stichs felst das dw nit flaischt das schat nit / so zuck Im das pain mit der degen klingen auf das ist stercker vnd gewisser den ob dw flaischt		[232r] [No text]
[30] Truly quite a good wrestle done using the dagger: let yourself restrain a dagger, so long as they have the blade, if you have him by the hand, such that he goes forth on both sides at a cross hands and two fingers if you thus have held onto them. Then as you want to do the same high stab with him, so he grabs you by the dagger. So keep your eyes on the point, and reach under through his leg and lift him up and with the left hand drop him on to the chest by his neck and break him down from above and lift him up underneath with the dagger and throw him against the ground.	[26r-c] [E]in recht gar gut Ringen aus dem degen las dir ein degen mach[e]n das das hefft als langk sey als die klingen wen dw dan In der handt habst das er dir auf baid seiten fur gee auf ein zwerche handt vnd zwen vinger wen dw In den also gefast hast / So thue sam thu In oben an wolst stechen / So greifft er dir nach dem degen / so lug Im den stich / vnd far Im vnten durch sein pain / vnd heb In auf / vnd mit der lincken handt fall Im an die prust bey dem halss vnd pring in oben nider vnd heb in vnt[e]n auf mit dem degen / vnd wurff In wider die erd	[188r-e] [No text]	[233r] [No text]
[31] [No text]		[188r-f] [No text]	[212r] [No text]
[32] [No text]		[189r-a] [No text]	[213r] [No text]
[33] [No text]		[189r-b] [No text]	[214r] [No text]
[34] [No text]		[189r-c] [No text]	[215r] [No text]
[35] [No text]		[189r-d] [No text]	[216r] [No text]
[36] [No text]	[33r-c] [No text]		[205r] [No text]
[37] [No text]	[33r-d] [No text]		[204r] [No text]
[38] [No text]	[31v-a] [No text]		[226r] [No text]
[39] [No text]	[31v-b] [No text]		[227r] [No text]
[40] [No text]	[31v-c] [No text]		[228r] [No text]
[41] [No text]	[31v-d] [No text]		[229r] [No text]
[42] [No text]	[31v-e] [No text]		[230r] [No text]
[43] [No text]	[31v-f] [No text]		[231r] [No text]
[44] [No text]	[31r-a] [No text]		[208r] [No text]
[45] [No text]	[31r-b] [No text]		[209r] [No text]
[46] [No text]	[31r-c] [No text]		[210r] [No text]
[47] [No text]	[31r-d] [No text]		[223r] [No text]
[48] [No text]	[31r-e] [No text]		[224r] [No text]
[49] [No text]	[31r-f] [No text]		[225r] [No text]

Draft Translation by Jay Acutt	Erlangen Version (1500) [edit] Transcribed by Barbara Kappelmayr and Andreas Meier	Vienna Version I (1420s) (?) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester	Vienna Version II (1623) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester
[1] A quite good French wrestle for when you go at someone such that he grips you by the middle and wants to lift you up. So let yourself be lifted and seize him with your left arm around the back of his neck and seize him with that self-same hand by the chest and grip him tightly. And strike him with your left leg between his legs, and with your left leg and foot, wrap (wint) it around his right leg and press and shove him over pulling him down and cradle his right leg upward with your leg and foot. Thus must he fall on his back. And on whichever side he bends^[27] you, such that he means to throw you, then always place your available foot (ledigen fuss) forward and let yourself push [brace] with it. Thus he cannot throw you, and always bend him down from above and cradle his leg down tightly, so he must indeed fall also with the self-same left leg so that you have struck around his right leg. You may wish to seize over the right half by wrapping outwards around his other left leg and also wrap that around with your left leg and foot and in such a way that thus strongly unbalances him, and weigh down over onto his back, pressing down so that he falls onto his back.	[33v-ab] EIn gar gut frantzoisch ringen wen dw zu ainem gest das er dich ergreifft bey der Mit vnd dich auff heben will so las dich heben und greiff Im mit deim lincken arm hinden vmb sein hals und fas In mit der selben handt bey der prust und heb in fast vnd schlah Im dein linckes pain zwischen sein pain vnd vmb wint Im sein rechtes pain mit deim lincken pain vnd fuss vnd truck vnd zeug In oben vast nider hintersich vnd wig mit deim pain vnd fuss sein Rechtes pain vast auf So muss er selber auf den Rucken vallen vnd auf welhe seitten er dich peugt das er dich maynt zu werffen so setz dein rechten ledigen fuss alweg für vnd lass dich darauf stossen So kan er dich nit werffen vnd peug In albeg oben vast nider vnd wig Im sein pain vnden vast auff / so muss er Ia vallen auch mit dem selben lincken pain das dw Im vmb sein rechts pain geschlag[e]n hast magstw woll greiffen auswentiss rechten halben vber das ander sein lincks pain vnd das auch vmb winten mit deim lincken pain vnd fuss vnd Im das auch starck auf wegen vnd oben nider Zu Ruck nider prechen so velt er auf sein Ruck	[189r-e] [No text]	[70r] [No text] [71r] [No text]
[2] A good English wrestle with holds or using the arms, holding someone with your right hand up, going over behind his left shoulder by the collar and seize him with your left hand behind his right arm by his elbow. And don’t let him escape and have him held tightly. And when it suits you, then throw yourself around and allow your right arm to go up over his head and over his right side at the shoulder and seize him with the right arm behind his back on his waist or the belt. And lift him up and your arm goes around his and whilst you hold and lift such as you go at each other. So throw yourself around so that your right shoulder and back stand against his stomach and during the throw-around (umbwurffen) and in all displacements (trips, versetz) done with your right leg winding in behind his right leg and balance and pull him with your leg, with your leg going upwards and outwards, and lift him up strongly at the back and turn yourself around on your right side, and lift his right arm strongly and throw him over with the hip. And wrap with the foot pulling at his back so with your back or arse you drop him onto his stomach.	[33v-c] EIn gut englichs ringen mit fassen oder aus den armen fas ein mit deiner rechten handt oben vber sein lincke achssell hinten In das goller vnd mit deiner lincken handt vas Im sein rechten arm hinten bey seim ellenpog[e]n vnd las sein nit biss er velt vnd hab In gar vast vnd wen es dir eben sey so wurff dich vmb vnd las dein rechten arm vber sein kopff geen auf vnd vber sein rechte seiten vnd achssel vnd fas In mit rechtem arm vnd hant hinten In seim Ruck bey seim Wames oder der gurtll vnd heb In auf vnd In deim arm vmb gen vnd In dem fassen vnd heben das das als miteinander zu gee / So wirff dich vmb das dir dein rechte achssel vnd Ruck gen seim pauch stee vnd In dem vmb werffen vnd dem allen versetz In mit deim rechten pain euchwentiss hinter sein rechts pain vnd wig vnd zuck Im das pain gen dir vber sich aus mit deim pain vnd heb In in dem rucken starck auf vnd ker dich vmb auf dein rechte seiten vnd heb sein rechten arm starck vnd wurff In oben mit dem heben vnd winten mit dem fuss zucken an sein ruck so felst dw mit deim Rucken oder arss auf sein pauch		[72r] [No text]
[3] A good wrestle for when someone wrestles with you using the arms: So seize him with your right hand wrapping inwards by his left shoulder and with your left hand by his right arm near his elbow. And you want then to reach with your right arm through his left armpit and trap him over both his arms under your right armpit and during the pin, thus turn yourself around so that your back goes into his stomach, and during the pin and turn-around, displace him with your right leg maneuvered close to, and behind, his right leg. And throw him over your leg using your leg onto his back. Also you must then hold quite tightly under his arm with your left hand.	[34r-a] EIn gut Ringen ringt ainer mit dir aus den armen So vas In mit deiner rechten handt In wentis bey seiner lincken achssell vnd mit deiner lincken handt bey seinem Rechten arm Nahent bey seynem ellenpogen vnd wen dw wilt so far Im mit deim Rechten arm durch sein lincks vchssen vnd verpint Im oben sein paid arm vnter deim Rechts vchssen vnd In dem verpinten so kere dich vmb das dein Ruck gen seim pauch stee vnd In dem verpinten vnd vmb keren versetz in mit deim euchwentigen rechten pain neben vnd hinter sein rechts pain vnd wurff In vber dein pain auf mit deim pain an sein Rucken auch must dw den vntren arm mit deiner lincken handt gar fest halten		[73r] [No text]
[4] A good wrestle for when you have been seized by someone on the arm, then on whichever side you are under, on the same side place the same shoulder hard underneath against his chest and press him down firmly and grasp under his arm by putting your over-hand behind the elbow. And then lift him out and away strongly and throw yourself around at the side so that the arm is underneath, and hold him at the hip and place that same leg [the right one in this case, as illustrated] manoeuvred close to his leg. And lift him with the hip, and throw him over the hip and the leg, onto his back.	[34r-c] EIn gut ringen wen dw mit aim gefast hast den arm den dw vnter hast auf der selben seiten / die selben achsel setz hart vnten an sein prust vnd truck dich vast nider vnd fass sein vntern arm mit deiner obern handt hinter dem ellenpogen vnd heb den aus vnd aus (sic) starck vnd wurff dich den vmb auf die seiten des vntern arm[e]sn vnd vass In auf die huft vnd das selb pain bey der huft setz euchwentiss neben sein pain. vnd heb In mit der huft auf vnd wurff In vber die huft vnd das pain an den Ruck		[74r] [No text]
[5] A good wrestle using the arms, or when you have seized someone in a hold with your left arm. If so, grasp him with the left arm over by his neck and in the hold you may throw yourself around on your right side, and step towards him and throw him over your hip by his stomach and neck onto his back. Also during the throw, your left arm may be augmented with your right hand. You must grip your left hand and break him with the left arm and both hands by his neck over your hip by his stomach onto his back.	[34r-d] EIn gut Ringen aus den armen oder zufassen hastw mit aim gefast vnd hast dein lincken arm ob so ergreiff In bey seim hals mit deim lincken obern arm / vnd In dem greiffen wurf dich vmb auf dein Rechte seiten vnd trit fir In vnd wurff In vber dein hüft bey seim pauch vnd hals an den rucken auch mustw In dem werffen dein lincken arm zu hilff komen mit deiner Rechten handt Must dein lincke handt fassen vnd brich In mit deim lincken arm vnd paiden henden bey seim hals vber dein huft bey seim pauch an den Rucken		[75r] [No text]
[6] [No text]		[189r-f] [No text]	[129r] [No text]
[7] A good charging wrestle if you go at someone in armour: then stamp on his foot—whichever foot he has placed foremost—and as you do so, strike him with your front foot, with the toes behind his heel, and push him over away from you, so that if you fail getting it, then he cannot get you. Then if he pulls his same foot and puts the other foot forward, then consider to stamp on this foot as well, and during the strike, then always push him from over away from you, and with [?] toes, then always strike his foremost leading heel away so that he falls.	[40v-a] Ein guts Zulauffendes ringen in harenisch wen dw zw ainem gest / So sich auf sein fuss welhen fuss er hat fur gesetzt in dem fallen als dw in an dust / so schlah in mit deinem fuss vorn mit der zehen hinten an sein versen vnd stoss in oben von dir geret es dir so velt er geredt es dir nit so zuckt er den selben fuss vnd setz den andren fur so gedenck vnd schlah in an den fuss auch also vnd In dem schlag so stoss in oben alweg von dir vnd mit [?] zehen So schlah Im sein furgesetzte ferssen albeg aus / so felt er	[190r-a] [No text]	[109r] [No text]
[8] Yet another good wrestle for when you go at someone: Thus consider and grip him with the left hand on his right arm by the hand, and the right hand up by the muscle on the upper arm. And pull him over towards yourself and bend backwards with you, wanting to pluck him. And lift him tightly whilst you strike him with your right foot between his legs on his right heel. And pull him toward you and immediately strike in behind outside on the front of his left foot with the toes. And yet pull him by the arm toward you, and to strike him from you so that he falls.	[40v-c] Aber ein ander gut Ringen / wen dw gen aim gest / so gedenck vnd ergreiff in mit der lincken handt sein rechten arm bey der handt / vnd mit der rechten handt bey de r meuss oben an dem arm vnd zeuch in oben zu dir vnd peug im in den hintersich sam dw In zu prechen welst vnd heb in vast dw weil schlah in mit deim rechten fuss zwischen seine pain an sein rechte fersse n vnd zuck In zu dir vnd pald schlah in herwiden [?] aussen an sein lincke ferssen voren mit der zehen vnd zuck in aber bey dem arm zu dir vnd von dir [?] dem schlag so felt er	[190r-b] [No text]	[111r] [No text]
[9] [No text]		[190r-c] [No text]	[130r] [No text]
[10] Another good wrestle for when you charge in at someone, and seize his right arm by the hand with your left hand, and turn yourself around quickly and during the about-turn, so pull his right arm quickly with your left hand over your right shoulder and bend yourself tightly and make yourself tight beneath him and lift him up with your back so that he must fall over the back. Or else break his arm as well as throw him over the back, so that he lies in front of you.	[37v-c] EIn ander gut ringen wen dw zu ainem laufst so gedenck vnd ergreiff Im sein recht[e]n arm bey d[er] handt mit deiner lincken handt / vnd ker dich Reschlich vmb vnd In dem vmbkern So zuck Im reschlich sein recht[e]n arm mit deiner lincken handt vber dein rechte achssel vnd puck dich vast vnd mach dich vast vnter In vnd heb In auf mit dem rucken so mus er fallen vber den rucken / oder der arm zwprech[e]n / vnd wurff In auch vber den rucken. das er vor dir lig	[190r-d] [No text]	[94r] [No text]
[11] Another good wrestle to consider when you go at someone, and seize his left arm by the hand with your right hand and pull them backward, over your head and bend yourself, and grip with the other hand through [between] his legs and during seizing, and during pulling, then lift him up quickly and throw him.	[37r-b] EIn gut ringen wen dw mit aim geleich gefast hast so wart ob dw in zu dir rucken mugst vnd In dem Rucken oder sunst wen es dir eben sey so greiff Im mit deym vntern arm durch sein pain in die gabel vnd heb In auff vnd den obern arm setz im an den hals / vnd prich In hindersich an den Ruck / aber wen dw in also auff hebst / so magstw In woll tragen vnd hubslich niderlegen wo dw hin willt	[190r-e] [No text]	[91r] [No text]
[12] Another wrestle for when you consider to charge in at someone; if you would like to seize him with either arm around the neck and with the other arm by the leg, and lift his leg up and bend him over tightly downwards, so that the foot lies as high as the head, and then run around him and lay him down however you wish.	[37v-d] EIn ander ringen wen dw zw aim lauffest so gedenck / ob dw In ergreiffen mugst mit euchem arm den hals / vnd mit dem andren arm bey dem pain / vnd heb Im das pain auf / vnd peug In oben vast nider / das Im die füss als hoch ligen als der koppf / vnd lauff dan mit Im vmb vnd leg In nider als dw woll waist	[190r-f] [No text]	[94r] [No text]
[13] Another good wrestle for when you have just taken hold of the arm, then you have underneath on the same side of the same leg, strike him between his legs and cradle his leg up and lift him firmly by the arm that he has under your armpits. And press him down over so that he falls.	[34v-c] EIn ander gut Ringen wen dw aim geleich gefast hast den arm den dw unter hast auf der seiten das selb pain schlah Im zwischen seine pain vnd wig Im sein pain auf vnd heb Im den arm vast den er vnter deim vchssen hat vnd pring In oben nider so valt er		[78r] [No text]
[14] Another good wrestle for when you have just gotten hold with someone, then grip behind upward with the same arm, and grab him by the jaw and break his head by gripping it backward, thus so that he must wrench away. Thus throw him then backwards over a leg.	[34v-d] EIn ander gut Ringen wen dw mit ainem gleich gefast hast den arm den dw vnter hast mit dem selben arm greiff hintten vbersich / vnd vas In bey den kinpacken vnd brich Im das hawbt vast hinter sich so mus er sich auf rechtten. So wurff In dan vber ein pain hinter sich	[191r-a] [No text]	[79r] [No text]
[15] Another good wrestle for when you have gotten hold, and he has yours as well: whichever arm you have underneath, thus place in the same leg between his legs and throw yourself around and cradle him with your arse up and pull him down over with your upper-hand by the neck—and with the lower-hand pull down as well, and do this quickly or he will attempt to stop you.	[35r-c] EIn ander gut ringen wen dw ainem gleich gefast hast vnd er dich auch / welhen arm dw vnter hast / so setz Im das selb pain zwischen seine pain / vnd wurff dich vmb / vnd wig in mit deim arss auf vnd zeuch In oben nider mit der obern handt bey dem hals / vnd mit der vntern handt zeuch In auch nider / vnd thu dass reschlich oder er pricht dass	[191r-b] [No text]	[82r] [No text]
[16] A good wrestle for when you have just gotten hold with someone. On the same side as the arm that you have underneath, place the shoulder in tightly on his chest thus back him towards you, so you want to lift him. You have your right arm underneath so thus place your right leg between his legs and throw him over the knee and the hip on his right side. Yet if he withdraws the left leg, so he gives you the right, then place your left leg behind his right and throw him over there onto his back.	[35r-d] EIn gut Ringen wen dw mit aim geleich gefast hast den arm den dw vnter hast auf der selben seiten / setz die achssell vast an sein prust so ruck in zu dir sam dw In auf wolst heben / hastw den dein rechten arm vnter so setz Im auch dein Rechts pain zwischen seine pain vnd wurff In vber das knie vnd die hufft auf sein rechte seiten / zuck er dir aber das linck pain So gibt er dir das recht / so setz dein lincks pain hinter sein rechts / vnd wurff In daruber an den Ruck		[83r] [No text]
[17] Another good wrestle for when you have gotten hold with someone: So lift him up from behind at his back by his waist or the belt [gurtll] with full force using the arms. And during the lift, then you may spin him around so that his feet don’t touch the ground. And if you want you can then swing him around with his feet far out and pull him high over your right leg and the hip at his back, and lay him on the ground.	[39v-a] EIn ander gut ringen wen dw mit aim geleich gefast hast so heb in hinten auff seim Rucken bey seim wames oder der gurtll auf mit voller macht aus den armen vnd In dem aufheben / so lauff mit Im doch [?] zu rad / scheub [vmme] vmb das Im sein fuss die erd nydert [?] vnd wen dw den wilt so schwing Im sein fuss fur auss vnd zuck In oben vber dein rechts pain vnd die huft an sein Ruck / vnd leg In an die erden	[193r-e] [No text]	[101r] [No text]
[18] Another wrestle for when you have gotten hold with someone: With whichever arm you have lower, at that same side, lay in your head and if you’re deep into the balance. Thus drop with the upper-hand around the neck and place your foot forward and outside, and press tightly toward yourself to drop him, which must be done quickly, or he seizes you by the leg. And carry yourself wherever it wants.	[39v-b] EIn and[er] ringen / wen dw mit ainem gleich gefast hast / welhen arm dw vnter hast / auf der selben seitten leg dein kopff vnd wen dich dunckt das dw es zu weg mugst pringen So fal Im mit der obern handt vmb den hals vnd setz dein fuss vor [?] aus / vnd truck mit dem arm fast zu. so felt er dw must es gar rechlich thun / oder er ergreifft dich bey dem pain vnd tregt dich wo er will	[191r-c] [No text]	[102r] [No text]
[19] When you thus seize him under his armpit and you want to press hard; Then you make around him freely: thus you drop in with your right hand between his legs and [also] seize his kidneys [with your left hand] and press him tightly into you, so he must let you do so.	[39v-c] WEn dich ainer also vnter sein vchssen ergreift vnd will dich hart drucken / So mach dich vmb Im ledig Also fall im mit deiner rechten handt zwischen seine pain vnd ergreiff Im sein nirn / vnd truck fast zw So mus er dich lassen		[103r] [No text]
[20] When you grip someone by the genitals and you will squeeze hard and thereby need to pluck him then reach with your left arm under [looping over] his right arm which he has thereby seized, and grip with your right hand, your left arm [?] hand, and break his left arm over [?] your left arm so that you break his arm or he must let you go.	[39v-d] WEn dich einer ergreifft bey den hoden vnd will dich hart drucken vnd damit notten das [prich] Im also / far mit deinem lincken arm vnter sein Rechten arm damit er dich gefast hat vnd greiff mit deiner Rechten handt dein lincken arm [?] handt / vnd prich Im sein rechten arm vber [?] dein lincken arm / so pricht sein arm ader er muss dich lassen		[104r] [No text]
[21] [No text]		[191r-d] [No text]	[131r] [No text]
[22] Another good wrestle for when you have hold using the feet, on the side of whichever arm he has underneath, place that same foot toward his foot and drop in with both hands onto his under-arm and step with your rear foot in around and place in behind his foot. And throw him over on his back. Do that quickly.	[34v-a] EIn ander gut Ringen wen dw gefast hast aus den fussen welchen arm er vnten hat auf der seiten setz den selben fuss gen seinem fuss vnd fall Im mit den paid[e]n henden in seinen untern arm vnd trit mit deinem hintern fuss herfur vnd setz Innen hinter sein fus vnd wurff In daruber an den Rucken das thue Reschlich		[76r] [No text]
[23] A good duelling-wrestle for when you wrestle with someone at the arms: So pull in his right hand under your left armpit and drop your right hand also on the arm and throw him over your right leg also on the right side of his leg. Also you may do it on whichever side you wish, as you will be correct.	[34v-b] EIn gut kampff ringen Wen dw mit aim aus den armen R[i]ngst so zuck Im sein rechte handt vnter dein lincks vchssen vnd fall Im mit deiner recht[e]n handt auch an den arm vnd wurff In ober dein rechts pain auch bey seinem rechten pain auch magstw es thun auf welhe seiten dw wilt / dw den dir die geregt ist	[191r-e] [No text]	[77r] [No text]
[24] Another wrestle using the arms: When you have seized someone by the arm, and they have done the same to you by going around, then lift both arms up quickly and strike his arm strongly on the inside, such that he lets go. And during the strike reach past him and seize his leg with both hands and lift him up and throw him.	[39r-a] EIn ander Ringen aus den armen Wen dvw mit ainem In die arm gefast hast das ir also vmb get / so heb dein arm paid reschlich auff / vnd schlach starck zwischen sein arm In wentiss / das er dich lass vnd In dem schlahen far Im dwrch vnd ergreiff In mit paiden henden bey aim pain vnd heb In auf vnd wurff In	[191r-f] [No text]	[97r] [No text]
[25] Yet a similar charge in to wrestle: When you charge at someone, then lift your arms up high together and to drop them over and strike him through in between his arms and seize him yet by a leg with both hands and tackle him and throw him.	[39r-b] Aber ain sollichs zulauffent Ringen wen dw zu ainem laufst So heb dein arm hoch auff / sam dw In ob[e]n an welst fallen / vnd schlah im zwisch[e]n sein arm durch vnd ergreiff In aber mit paiden henden bey aim pain vnd lauf In ein [wint] vnd wurff In	[192r-a] [No text]	[98r] [No text]
[26] Another wrestle: when someone has a good hold on you, then drop with both arms and with the chest on his lower-arm, and press him into the ground and seize him by the leg and lift him up and throw him.	[39r-c] EIn ander ringen wen man dich hat woll gefast so fall mit paiden armen vnd mit der prust auf sein vntern arm / vnd druck In zu der erden vnd begreiff In bey dem pain vnd heb In auff vnd wurff Inn	[192r-b] [No text]	[100r] [No text]
[27] A decent wrestle from the chest, when someone has grasped you by the collar, then grab his arm by the hand with your left hand and throw yourself around and turn yourself through underneath his armpit, and pin his arm behind his back and grip around him and throw him.	[39r-d] EIn hubschlich Ringen von der Prust / wen man dich hast gefast bey dem goller / so begreiff seinen arm bey der handt mit deiner lincken handt vnd wirff dich vmb / vnd wint dich vnten durch sein vchssen / vnd prich im den armen auf den Ruck vnd vmb greiff In vnd wurff In		[99r] [No text]
[28] Another wrestle using the feet for when you have just gotten hold with someone, then hold him in exactly the same way. If he then all [?] so pull him toward you and strike a leg in behind the leg that he has placed foremost behind the knee [in the ‘bend of the knee’] and throw him backwards over the leg onto his back.	[35r-b] EIn ander Ringen aus den fussen / wen dw mit ainem geleich gefast hast / So greiff In lindeglich^[28] an / wen er dan aller [?] traun so zuck In zu dir vnd schlah Im ein pain hinten an sein pain / das er dir fur hat gesetzt In die kniepug vnd wurf In vber das pain hintersich an den Rucken	[192r-c] [No text]	[81r] [No text]
[29] A good wrestle for when you have just gotten hold with someone. On the same side as the arm that you have underneath, lift and seize low by the waist, and attend upon that same foot, if he places it forward. So step in with your foremost leg, and place it in behind that same leg. And during this positioning, thus place the upper-arm at the neck as well and break [push] him high over that leg onto his back.	[36r-a] EIn gut Ringen wen dw mit aim gleich gefast hast auf der selben seiten den arm den dw vnter hast heb In vast vnten bey dem wames Vnd wart In auf den selben fus wen er In fur setzt So trit mit deim forsten pain herfur vnd setz Ims hinter das selb pain / vnd In dem setz[e]n So setz Im den obern arm auch an den hals vnd prich In oben vber das pain an den Ruck^[29]		[84r] [No text]
[30] Another wrestle using the feet for when you have just gotten hold with someone, then hold him in exactly the same way. If he then all [?] so pull him toward you and strike a leg in behind the leg that he has placed foremost behind the knee [in the ‘bend of the knee’] and throw him backwards over the leg onto his back.	[36r-b] EIn and[er] ringen aus den fussen / wen dw mit ainem geleich gefast hast / so greiff In lindeglich an / wen er den aller [?] traw so zuck In zu dir vnd schlah Im ein pain hinten an sein pain das er dir fur hat gesetzt In die kniepug / vnd wurff In vber das pain hintersich an den Rucken^[30]	[192r-d] [No text]	[85r] [No text]
[31] A good wrestle using the arms or feet with a charge (zu lauffen) as you wish. So if you keep well because you have come into holds with someone, and have your right arm underneath, when it suits you, then seize with your left over-arm through his right armpit and seize him by the chest. So also keep him his right arm under your left armpit and lift there immediately with your armpit. And if you also want have hold of him, then throw yourself around and pull your right arm underneath. And during this pull and around-throwing, place your left leg forward in front of both his legs, and throw him thus over the leg with your left arm holding his right arm, and on his chest at the back or at the side—so he must fall or break his arm.	[36r-c] EIn gut Ringen mit zu lauffen aus den arme[n] oder fussen wie dw wilt so kimbstw wol dar zw hastw mit einem gleich gefast / vnd hast dein rechten arm vnter vnd wen es dir eben ist So greiff mit deim lnck en oberen arm durch sein Rechts vchssen vnd vas In bey der prust So kimbt Im auch sein Rechter arm vnter dein lincks vchssen dan heb gar vast mit deim vchssen vnd wen dw In also wol gefast hast So wurf dich vmb vnd Zuck dein recht[e]n vntern arm vnd In dem zucken vnd vmb werffen setz Im dein lincks pain vorn fur seine paide pain vnd wurff Im also den vber das pain mit deine[m] lincken arm bey seim rechten arm vnd prust an den Rucken oder auf die seit[e]n mus er fallen oder sein arm zuprechen		[86r] [No text]
[32] A good wrestle without harm on both sides for when you wrestle with someone using the arms, or you go in at him. So seize him behind his left arm by the elbow with your right hand, and take hold of the arm so he never gets away, and pull him from you on his right side. And penetrate your elbow through his armpit and place in at the chest and step behind him at his side, and grip him with your available left hand in front of you, off and behind his left knee-joint. And lift up his leg and break [push] him down over with the elbow—and throw him onto his back.	[36r-d] EIn gut ring[e]n an schaden auf baid seiten wen dw mit aim aus den armen ringest oder zu Im gest so er greiff In bey seim lincken arm hinten bey dem ellen pogen mit deiner Rechten handt vnd fas des arms nymer bis er felt vnd zuck In von dir auf sein Rechte seiten vnd pring dein ellenpogen durch sein vchssen vnd setz Innen an die prust vnd trit hinten zu Im [auf] sein seiten vnd greif mit deiner ledigen lincken handt vor dir ab vnd hinten In sein lincke kniepueg vnd heb Im das pain auf vnd prich In oben nider mit dem ellenpogen vnd wurf In auf den Ruck		[87r] [No text]
[33] Yet another good wrestle: so consider when you go at him, you take the caught arm, then pull it under your armpit and lift him tightly. And throw yourself around and turn the back and drop with the other hand as well as the aforementioned arm. And drop onto the left knee and throw him over the right leg or on whichever side it is right for you. Thereafter yet you must hold the arm underneath the armpit as well, if he does the same hold on your arm, such that he is below you, then lift tightly with the hand and your armpit. And when he stands at your right, so that he cannot lift your arm. Then throw yourself around quickly and drop down onto the knee and throw him over the other leg. Also it must always be done quickly or he’ll step behind. And throw yourself down effortlessly in order to do it quickly. So indeed he must fall.	[36v-a] Aber ain ander gut Ringen / So gedenck wen dw gen aim gest / das dw In ergreifst bey [ewichen] arm den zuck In vnter dein vchssen vnd heb In fast vnd wurff dich vmb vnd ker Im den Rücken vnd fall mit der andern handt auch an obgenanten arm vnd fal auf das linck knie / vnd wurff In vber das Recht pain oder welhe seiten dir die gerechts ist darnach mustw aber den arm vnter das vchssen fassen / auch wen er dir geleich gefast hast den arm den er vnter hat den heb fast mit der handt vnd dein vchssen vnd wen er dir recht stee / das er dich nit fast heb / So wurff dich Reschlich vmb / vnd fall auf ein knie / vnd wurff In vber das andre pain / Auch mustw es gar reschlich alles thun oder er trit hintersich vnd wurfft dich gar leicht nider thue es reschlich So muss er Ia fallen		[89r] [No text]
[34] A good wrestle for when you have just gotten hold with anyone who has his right arm underneath. So drop onto the knee so he’s yours, and when he is over yours, then drop under him onto your right knee and place in your left leg winding outward, close to his right leg and break [push] him down with your left hand on his right arm [held] by the bicep and with the right hand under his left armpit, over your left leg at his back. Thus must he be quite quick to move at each other, so as to fall onto the knee and break[push] over the leg.	[36v-c] EIn gut ringen wen dw mit aim geleich gefast hast das Iederman sein rechten arm vnter hat so fal ye auf ein knie so wirt er Ir / vnd wen er dir oben sey so fall vnten zw Im auf dein rechts knie / vnd setz Im dein lincks pain auss wentiss neben sein rechts pain vnd prich In oben nider mit deiner lincken handt bey seim rechten arm bey der meus vnd mit rechten handt vnter sein lincken vchssen vber dein lincks pain an sein Rucken auch mus er gar resch miteinander zu gen das fallen auf ain knie vnd das prechen vber das pain		[90r] [No text]
[35] Yet a similar wrestle: then you must shift your lead foot: when you have just gotten hold with anyone who has his right arm underneath, then drop deeply onto one knee. And make him yours. And when it suits you, and if he has placed his right foot forward, then throw yourself around in front of him, and drop onto your left knee, and place in your right leg close around the outside of his right leg to throw him over that leg onto his back. And with the left hand over his right arm [held] by the bicep, thereby break[push] him down strongly and with your right arm under his left armpit, throw strongly according to the need with each other strongly, and drag quickly.	[36v-d] Aber ein solich Ringen den dw füss mustv vor wechsslen / wen dw mit aim gefast hast das Iederman sein rechten arm vnter hat so fal Ie auf ein knie Vnd mach In Ir vnd wen es dir eben sey das er sein Rechts pain fur gesetzt hat so wurff dich vor Im vmb vnd fal auf dein lincks knie vnd setz Im dein rechts pain auswentis neben sein rechts pain vnd wurf In vber das pain an den Rucken / vnd mit der lincken ober handt ober bey seim rechten arm bey der meus da prich In starck nider vnd mit deim rechten arm vnter seim lincken vchssen wurff starck nach das mus als mit einander starck vnd Resch zugen		[88r] [No text]
[36] Here it occurs on wrestling on foot, a deadly wrestle on both sides: when you go at someone, thus seize his left hand with both your hands and throw yourself around, and break his arm off over your right shoulder.	[40r-c] Auch zuck in aber mit deiner Rechten handt bey seiner rechten handt fast fur sich auf ein seiten vnd in dem zucken schlah in an den arm bey dem ellenpogen mit der lincken handt So schlehstw Im den arm aus dem glid ist er aber kranck vnd schlegstw fast So pricht er Im	[192r-e] [No text]	[107r] [No text]
[37] A good pinning wrestle for when someone holds you and has both his arms around you underneath yours and you know that he intends to throw you: so seize downward from above you and seize him with both your arms, and grip around both his arms under both your armpits and press him tightly with them with the armpits and arms and fall down onto your arse, and press and shove him over your head with your knees and feet. Also, don’t let his arms away from your armpits, until you lay on your back and throw him over you.	[41v-a] EIn gut tagaltsams Ringen wen dich ainer vast vnd hat sein baid arm vnter vnd hat dich gar gewiss zu werffen So greiff oben nider zwischen dir vnd Im mit dein baiden armen vnd vmb greiff Im sein paid arm vnter dein baide vchssen vnd truck vast zw / mit den mit den vchssen vnd armen vnd fall nider auf dein ars / vnd trucken vnd schupf In vber dein kupff aus mit dein knien vnd fussen. Auch las Im seiner arm nicht aus dein vchssen / bis dw an dem rucken ligst vnd In vber dich aus wurfst		[114r] [No text]
[38] Another wrestle for when you charge at someone: So seize him by the chest or by the arms, and fall on to the back and hold him on one leg and whilst you fall, then buck with your leg, and with your arms up over your head, you carry yourself up against him and he falls over.	[41v-b] [E]In ander Ringen wen dw zw ainem laufst / so er greiff in bey der prust / oder bey den armen / vnd fall an den ruck / vnd vass in auff ain pain vnd In dem fallen / So schupff in mit dem pain / vnd mit den armen vber den kopff aus / vnd mach dich dan wider auff vnd fall auff In	[192r-f] [No text]	[115r] [No text]
[39] When both of you have entered into the hold with each other, such that one cannot lift up the other: there is only one instruction—when he lifts, so you lift as well.	[41v-c] WEn zwen miteinander gleich gefast haben das einer den andren nicht auff heben kan das ist nur ein wort / wen er hebt so heb auch		[116r] [No text]
[40] Note: when you attempt to seize someone at the arms in order to wrestle, you will cause him great pain on whichever side that he seizes you. So always strike him the same using your other arm at the same side, crosswise over his arm and press into him, and turn yourself to attempt to break yourself away from him moving from one arm to the other. And turn and press and break his arm at the wrist as you move underneath strongly, so you always cause damage in harness or exposed quite low by him. And you hurt him as soon as possible so he can never therefore get a hold. If you aim to cause damage to his joint by his hand, and when you thus learn to Wrestle, at the instigation or assault, to always learn to dominate him masterfully by oneself and to keep countering.	[43r-a] ITem wen dich ainer oben angreifft aus den armen zu ringen / wiltw Im das gantze laiden auf welhe seiten [er] dich an greifft / So schlag im albeg / den selben deinen nechsten arm auf der selben seiten kreutzweis vber sein arm / vnd truck zu / vnd wint vnd prich dich ge von aym arm zu dem arndern von Im / Vnd windt vnd truck vnd prich Im sein arm / bey der handt / als gen dir vntersich starck so prngstw dich albeg In harnisch oder plos gar gering / von Im vnd dw laitst Im pald / das er dich nymer an dar greiffen / wen dw Im sein gelider bey seinen hand pald zuprengst / vnd wen dw auch Ringen lernst zu dem ersten oder schimpff dv lern albeg for das er sich Maisterlichen von aim / vnd zw aim prechen kimbt		[124r] [No text]
[41] If you wish to cause someone pain, you attack high and break his arm, therefore wanting to wrestle using the arms. On whichever side he has seized you, then always strike him on the same side as this to the other arm, crosswise over his arm and move to press strongly into yourself with your arms. And then seize together with your available hand, between you and from him, and grip your arm by the hand on his available hand and thereby you strongly squeeze with force, so that you will break his arm off.	[43r-c] WIltw aim laiden / der dich oben angreifft vnd sein arm zwprechen / der mit dir aus den armen will ringen auf welhe seiten er dich angreifft / so schlag Im albeg / den selben deinen nechsten arm auf der selben seiten / creutzweiss / vber sein arm vnd truck gen dir dein arm starck zw / vnd greiff mit deiner ledigen handt zwischen dir vnd Im auff vnd vas dein arm bey der handt In sein ledige handt vnd hilff damit starck zu trucken lust dich so prigst dw Im wol den arm ab		[125r] [No text]
[42] Yet someone attacks you low so that you cannot defend him, then reach with your arms in front of you, between you and him and through the middle of his arms, and lift and break his arm upwards and outward and you break away from him.	[43r-d] GReift dich aber ainer vnten an so kunst dw Im das also nit wern / aber far mit dein armen vor dir vnd zwischen dir / vnd Im mitten durch sein arm / vnd heb vnd prich im sein arm vber sich aus vnd prich dich von Im		[126r] [No text]
[43] [No text]			[132r] [No text]
[44] [No text]		[193r-a] [No text]	[133r] [No text]
[45] [No text]		[193r-b] [No text]	[134r] [No text]
[46] [No text]		[193r-c] [No text]	[135r] [No text]
[47] [No text]		[193r-d] [No text]
[48] Yet one good wrestle: hold someone with your right hand behind his collar and with the left hand by his right elbow. And when he places his left foot foremost, thus strike him in with the right foot in front of him with the toes behind his left heel. And during the strike, pull him over strongly down and backward by the neck, and afterwards, shove the elbow strong accordingly, and lift his heel with the toes strongly. And throw him backwards using the arms on his back such that you remain standing.	[41r-a] Aber ein gut Ringen fass ain mit deiner recht[e]n handt hinden bey seim goller vnd mit der lincken handt bey seim rechten ellenpogen vnd wen er sein lincks pain fur setzt so schlah in mit dem rechten fuss vorn mit den zehen hint[en] In sein lincke ferssen vnd In dem schlag zuck in oben bey dem hals starck nider hinttersich vnd scheub den ellenpogen starck nach vnd heb sein ferssen mit dem zehen starck auf vnd wurff in auss dem armen hintersich an sein Rückn das dw beleibst sten		[108r] [No text]
[49] Another good wrestle for when you have just taken hold of someone: thus seize him promptly and manipulate him around to cause him pain. And guard yourself throughout so that he cannot meanwhile throw you. When he then his takes every risk, then [pull his] back in to you, and lift him up and strike him with one leg between his legs, and cradle him with your leg up. And throw him onto his back.	[41r-b] EIn ander gut Ringen / wen dw mit ainem gleich gefast hast / so greiff in lindeglich vnd gelincklich mit Im vmb sam dw gar kranck seist vnd hut dich doch die weil das er dich die weil nit werff / wen er den sein allernimst traw / so ruck in zu dir vnd heb in auf vnd schlag Im ein pain zwischen seine pain vnd wig im das mit deinem pain auf vnd wurff in an den Rucken		[112r] [No text]
[50] If you want to lift someone up so that he cannot throw you, then strike in your left leg behind around his right leg at the knee-bend. Thus, that both your knee bends inline with each other, and belly likewise by his, so he may not throw you from him. And wherever he wants to bend or push you, thus always put your available right leg forward, and allow yourself to push [brace]. He thus wants to settle, and therefore wants to throw you: so push with the available foot into the seat so that he would be controlled, then he cannot freely throw you.	[41r-c] WIltw wen dich ainer auf hebt / das er dich nit werffen kan so schlag im dein lincks pain hinten vmb sein rechts pain In die kniepug / also das euch ewer paid kniepüg in ein ander hengen / vnd kleib also bey Im / so mag er dich nicht vo[n] Im werffen / vnd wo er dich hin will piegen oder stossen / so setz albeg dein rechts ledigs pain fur vnd las dich darauf stoss[e]n tregt er dich dan zu ainer panck vnd will dich daruber werff[e]n so stoss mit dem ledigen fuss In die pank das er daruon gar wert dargelt / so er dich freilich nit werffen	[193r-f] [No text]	[110r] [No text]
[51] A good hold and grip so that someone cannot come at you: thus seize him with your right hand by his left shoulder at the chest, with your left hand behind his back by the belt or waist. And pull him with the same hand strongly toward you and with the right hand high by the shoulder, shove him strongly away from you so that he may not come toward you to wrestle.	[41r-d] EIn gut halten / vnd fassen das ainer zu dir nicht kan kamen / so fas In mit deiner rechten handt bey seiner lincken achssell auff der prust vnd mit deiner lincken handt hinden In dem Rucken bey der gurtl od[er] wames vnd zeuch In mit der selben handt starck zu dir vnd mit der obern recht[en] handt bey der achssell scheub In starck von dir so mag er zu dir mit kainem ringen komen		[113r] [No text]
[52] Also, pull him yet with your right hand by his right hand tight in front of you on one side, and during the pull, strike in on the arm by the elbow with the left hand. Thus you strike his arm outside the joint, so he is hurt and you strike quick so you break him.	[40r-b] HIe hebt sich an von des ringes zu fussen ein mortlich ringen auf baid seiten / wen dw gen aim gest so ergreiff sein lincke handt mit dein paiden henden vnd wurff dich vmb vnd prich Im den arm ab vber dein rechte achssell	[194r-a] [No text]	[106r] [No text]
[53] A good wrestle on both sides for when you go at someone: So seize his left hand with your right hand and pull it over your head and reach in through [underneath] his armpit and seize him back round by his left leg using your left hand. And lift him up with your back and throw him. Lift him thus whilst pulling the arm, holding it over the head.	[37r-a] EIn gut Ringen auf baid seiten wen dw zv aim gest so ergreiff Im sein lincke handt mit deiner rechten handt vnd zuck Ims vber den kopff / vnd far Im durch sein vchssen vnd ergreiff Im hintterwertling bei seim lincken pain mit deiner lincken handt Vnd heb In auf mit deim Ruck vnd wurff In / auch heb Im den zuckten arm fast vber den kopff	[194r-b] [No text]	[92r] [No text]
[54] [No text]		[194r-c] [No text]	[136r] [No text]
[55] A similar wrestle using the arms for when you have gotten hold with someone at the arm: Thus you shall kick him on the knee with whichever foot is foremost with full effort, pulling him toward the leg. Then push him up until you meet him correctly. So you go kick him outside the joint, and then he falls.	[40r-a] EIn [?]lich Ringen aus armen wen dw mit aim gefast hast In die arm / so sich Im auf die fuss welhen er fursetzt da stoss in auff ab dem knie mit deim fuss mit voller macht zuckt er dir das pain / so stoss In auf das ander bis dw In recht drifst. So stost dw Im das glid aus vnd felt den	[194r-d] [No text]	[105r] [No text] [137r] [No text]
[56] A good wrestle for when you have just gotten hold with someone. On the same side as the arm that you have underneath, lift and seize low by the waist, and attend upon that same foot, if he places it forward. So step in with your foremost leg, and place it in behind that same leg. And during this positioning, thus place the over-arm at the neck as well and break [push] him high over that leg onto his back.	[35r-a] EIn gut Ringen wen dw mit aim geleich gefast hast auf der selben seiten / den arm den dw vnter hast heb In vast vnten bey dem wames / vnd wart Im auf den selben fuss / wen er In für setzt So drit mit deim Vorsten pain herfur / vnd setz Ims hinter das selb pain / vnd In dem setzen So setz Im den obern arm auch an den hals vnd prich In oben vber das pain an den Ruck	[194r-e] [No text]	[80r] [No text]
[57] A good wrestle for when you have just gotten hold with anyone, then wait if you may into your back, and during the back or similar, when it suits you, then seize him with your lower-arm through his legs at the groin, and lift him up and then place in the upper-arm in at the neck. And break [push] him backward onto his back, or if you also lift him up, then you may also want to carry him and nobly lay him down wherever you want.	[37r-c] EIn ander gut Ringen wen dw gen aim gest so gedenck vnd ergreiff Im sein lincken arm bey der handt mit deiner rechten hand vnd zuck Innen vber dein kopff hinttersich vnd puck dich vnd greiff mit der anders handt durch sein pain / vnd In dem greiffen vnd In dem zucken so heb In reschlich auf vnd wurff In	[194r-f] [No text]	[93r] [No text]
[58] Yet a quite good wrestle for when you have just gotten hold with anyone: thus strike in your head at his shoulder, yet boldly from one shoulder to the other, so he is yours. You then have right side low, such that you lay in at him with your head at his left shoulder and during this positioning, thus seize him out-around [his arm] with your arm over around his neck between your head and his head. And hold the head under your left armpit to squeeze tightly. And you block low with the feet gathered to throw him, so he falls. Yet if he doesn’t and he pulls your head, if you thereby grip thus to step towards him during the pull, and seize with your right arm low, under his armpit going behind, over his left shoulder and place in the arm at his neck, and during this placement, then seize down winding out-around in front of yourself with your left arm going in behind his knee-bend. And lift his leg up and pluck him down with the aforementioned arm over at this neck, and throw him.	[37v-a] Aber gar ein gut Ringen wen dw mit aim geleich gefast hast So schlag Im dein hawbt doch dreyst[?]dt auf sein achssell ye von ainer achssel zu der andren so wirt er ir / hastw dan dein Rechten vnter so leg Im zu dem [?] dein hawbt auf sein lincke achssell vnd In dem legen so greiff Im euchwentiss mit deym obern lincken arm zwischenn deim koppf vnd seim kopff vmb sein hals vnd fass Im den kopff vnter dein lincks vchssen vnd truck vast zw / vnd sper dich vnten mit den fussen fast her dan so felt er get dir das aber nit vnd zuckt er dir den kopff wen dw darnach greifst so trit zu in dem Zucken / vnd greiff mit deim vntren rechten arm vnt[er] sein vchssen auf hinten vber sein lincke achssell vnd setz Im den arm an den hals vnd In dem setzen so greiff vor dir nider euchwentiss mit deinem obern lincken arm hinten in sein lincke kniepüeg vnd heb Im das pain auf vnd prich In mit dem vorgenant[e]n arm oben bey dem hals nider vnd wurff In	[195r-a] [No text]	[94r] [No text]
[59] [No text]			[138r] [No text]
[60] [No text]		[195r-d] [No text]	[139r] [No text]
[61] [No text]		[195r-e] [No text]	[140r] [No text]
[62] If you want to take someone down with force on both sides, therefore you must exchange the feet, if he lies on your right side. Thus take your right foot and work with him so you keep between his legs. When you thereby come between, then strike your right leg around his left leg, and pull it towards yourself with your foot and shove him over away from you with the hands at the right side. Thus he lands on his back, and you on top of him. You may not want the right leg with your right, so take your left leg and seize him high over, in between his legs and pull his left leg towards you and with the hands, throw him over yourself on your left side. Thus you come effortlessly on to his back.	[38v-ab] WIltu vnter ainem auf steen mit gewalt auf baid seiten darzw mustw die fus verwechsseln ligt er dir auf der Rechten seiten So nym dein rechten füss / vnd erbait mit Im bistvw Im kimbst zwischen seine pain / wen dw dar zwischen kumbst / so schlah dein rechts pain vmb sein lincks pain / vnd zuck das zw dir mit deinem fuss vnd schewb In oben von dir mit den henden auf die rechten seiten so kumbt er an den Rucken / vnd dw auf In. Mag dir das recht pain nit werden mit deinem rechten So nym dein lincks pain vnd greiff oben vber In ein zwischen seine pain vnd zeuch sein lincks pain zu dir vnd mit den henden wurff In oben vber dich auf dein lincke seiten So kumbst dw gar leicht an sein [ruck] auf in	[196r-a] [No text]	[127r] [No text] [128r] [No text]
[63] A controlling wrestle, you may well speak to someone if you want, and offer your leg to his hands, and he thereby cannot throw you because he must similarly fall. Do it thus: lift your leg up and let him seize you by the bend of the knee, and during the hold, as he seizes you, then seize him with your right arm around his neck so that you keep his head under your armpit, and press the hold into you. And with the left hand seize him up over the [transcription reads ‘your’?] back by the belt, and if he still has you by the leg, then have yourself a hold with the left hand by the belt and with the right arm press the armpit tight towards you. Thus you press him by his neck so that he doesn’t know how to escape and will fall onto his stomach.	[42r-a] EIn dagalt Ringen. dw magst woll sprechen zu einem dw wolst Im dein pain in die handt geben / vnd er kin dich darnach nicht werffen / vnd muss selber fallen / Das thue also heb dein rechts pain auff / vnd hais dich In vassen / bey der kniepueg vnd In dem vassen / als er dich vast / So greiff Im mit deim rechten arm vmb sein hals / das dir sein kopff vnter dein vchssen kim / vnd truck den vast zw / vnd mit der lincken handt fas In oben auf dein rucken / bey der gurtl / vnd wen er dich auf will haben bey dem pain So hab dich fast mit der lincken handt bey der gurtll vnd mit dem rechten arm truck das vchssen fast zw So truckts dw In bey seim hals das er vnwissen wirt vnd auf den pauch fellt	[195r-c] [No text]	[117r] [No text]
[64] Yet a similar controlling wrestle, you do well to speak at the arms. I want to turn your back to me and this will allow me to lift you up and you will thereby be thrown, so that you do thus: when you turn someone’s back and you wish to hold him round the middle, and lift him up. Then drop him with your hands in his hand, and weigh yourself down quickly and drive with your back and feet through his right armpit and with the right leg behind his right leg, and block [sper, sperren] him with your right leg and hold him down in front of you with your hands. And lift his right leg up and throw him onto his back.^[31]	[42r-b] Aber ein solich dagalt ringen dw machst wol sprech[e]n zw armen / ich will dir den Rucken keren vnd will mich aufheben lassen vnd will dich dannach werffen / das dw also / wen dw aim den rucken kerst vnd er dich bey der mit nymbt / vnd will dich auf heben So fall Im mit dein henden in sein hendt vnd schwer dich resch nider / vnd far im mit deym rucken / vnd fussen / durch sein rechts vchssen vnd mit dem rechten pain hinter sein rechts pain vnd sper im das mit deim rechten pain vnd greiff dan vor dir vnd Im nyder mit dein henden vnd heb im sein rechts pain pain (sic) auf vnd wurff in an den Rucken	[195r-b] [No text]	[118r] [No text]
[65] But one control for when you wish to throw two people down, and you have let them grab you so that they stand close to each other, and so lay your arms symmetrically at the back and push in your arms through and seize them at the collar, and hold them also truly, that they cannot take your arm and cradle in their arms with your arms up and press them to the ground or throw them over both your legs.^[32]	[42r-c] Aber ein dagalt wiltw zwen nider werffen die dich aber fassen lassen so heiss sy neben einander steen vnd peug vnd leg Iglichen arm auf den Ruck vnd stos In den dein arm dadurch vnd greiff in In die goller vnd fass sy also recht / das sy dir die arm nicht neme[n] vnd wig In ir arm mit dein arm auf vnd truck sy zw der erden oder wurff sy vber dein baide pain	[196r-d] [No text]	[119r] [No text]
[66] Yet another control for when you want to throw two people down such that you let them seize, then position yourself close to each other and stand behind them and give one of their hands to your free hand under their leg and hold them from behind by their hands and lift them both up with each other, so then their heads move down and the feet come up and so they fall on their faces.	[42r-d] Aber ein dagalt wiltw zwen nider werffen / die sich fassen lassen / so stell sy neben einander / vnd stee hinter sy vnd heis die Iglichen geben / ein handt in dein hendt vnten durch ir pain / vnd fas sy den hintterwerttling bey iren henden / vnd heb sy den paid mit einander auf So gen In die kopff nyder vnd die fuss auff vnd fall[e]n auf die meule[r]	[196r-c] [No text]	[120r] [No text]
[67] If you want to hold so that he’s beneath you and cannot get up, then consider that you grasp his arm between your legs and under the stomach; and then grip the other arm with both hands by the hand and by the elbow and then then twist the hand underneath his head and press the elbow down so that he cannot stand up, also lay yourself crosswise on top of him.	[42v-a] WIltv ain halten das er vnter dir nicht aufste / so gedenck das dw Im ein arm ergreifst zwischen deine pain vnd vnter den pauch vnd den andern arm ergreiff im mit paiden henden bey der handt vnd bey dem ellenpogen vnd die handt windt Im vnter den kopff vnd den ellenpogen druck In nider So mag er nicht aufsten / auch leg dich auf In kreutzweis	[195r-f] [No text]	[121r] [No text]
[68] A good hold so that someone cannot get up from you on both sides, place yourself crosswise on the [his] right side and seize him with the left arm through underneath his neck—and seize him by the chest and with the right free [available] arm. Thus attend to him, and on whichever side he shall try to swing, grip him there so that he cannot escape.	[42v-b] EIn gut halten / das ainer vnter dir nicht aufste auf baid seiten / leg dich kreutzweiss / auf die rechten seiten / vnf greiff mit deim lincken arm vnten durch sein hals / vnd vass In bey der Prust vnd mit dem Rechten ledigen arm / so wart auf In / vnd auf welhe seiten / er sich keren will / da greif zw / so mag er Nyndert kemen	[196r-b] [No text]	[122r] [No text]
[69] A controlling hold for when you want to hold two people: if they lie under you and cannot get up from letting themselves be seized: then lay them on their stomach and bend, and place each arm around his back and push each arm through each of his arms and grasp him by the collar. And if they squirm to escape, then lift their arms up from behind so that they must lie down, or else have their arms broken.	[42v-d] EIn dagalt halten wiltw zwen halten / das sy vnter dir [nicht] aufsten / die sich vassen lassen / So leg sy auf den pauch vnd peug vnd leg Iglichen ein arm auf den ruck vnd stoss iglichen ein arm durch sein arm / vnd greiff in [?] die goller / vnd wen sy sich ruren das sy geen auf [?] So wig In die arm hinten auff / so mussen sy liegen oder die arm zuprechen		[123r] [No text]

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No Translation	Erlangen Version (1500) [edit] Transcribed by Barbara Kappelmayr and Andreas Meier	Vienna Version II (1623) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester
[1]	[43v] ⁺⁺HIe hebt sich an ein Puch nutzlich vnnd Maisterlich zw vechten vor des Reichs hoffgericht do vicht man Ploss In groen rocken mit schilt vnd mit kolben / bis zw der dritten stanngen [ee] gewint der hat gewonnen dess gleichen vicht man auch In dem lanndt zw Payrn an der herren hoff aber nur zw einer stangen wer dem andern ain vor gicht / der hat verloren / Nun solt dw am ersten wissen wie starck ainer ist / vnd wie woll er Im selber draut / das dann ach vill sorg / vnd dauor sich ainer huten soll darauff ist / vnd darzu gehert / zv dem ersten ist ain nott / das Im das Im das recht mit gleichen feinnen lewten besetzt sey / vnd das dw deiner herren freundt vnd gesellen vill bey dir hast / die wartten / das dir dester mynder vngeleich in allen dingen wesche / Darnach las dir vor mit Recht aus tragen wes dw notturftig seist / vnd alles das das darzu gehort / aus deim vortail vnd dein pests Nun soltw wissen das man den Ring macht mit stro / der ist nit zu weit / daruor soltw dich huten / das dw daruber nit tretest tristw daruber dw hast verlorn / dw solt dich gantz fleissen der mit In dem Ring / das dw dich daraus nit pringen last / dan mit deinem vortail zu vechten / vnd der krais soll sein in der mit von aim pfall / zu messen xxxvi schuch auf all ort / das machet nach der leng vnd weit lxxii schuch / Auch hut dich gar fleissiglich ob einer dir ein stangen gibt / vnd schreit ich gar der stangen / das dw darube[r] klain slag oder stich tust testw das nit / vnd beschedigist in daruber wie klain das ist / So hastw dye selben stangen verloren vnd er gewinnen / Beschedigist dw In aber zu hart das er nymer vechten mag so hastw den kampff gantz verloren / darumbb habe albeg dein synn In hut als pald dir ainer gicht einer stangen / vnd nur den mundt auf thut / das dw Im nit mer tust / vnd also bleibest biss euch das recht entschaidet wie er euch furbas halten solt
[2]	Item der Rock soll groe sein an futer von dickem duch vnd aller geuech vnd auch die hossen mit Riem / dw magst auch darauff ein praits krewtz machen / von dem dicksten hirssen^[33] leder das dw vinst vnd das krewtz magstw in der mit ain zwerche handt brait machen / vnd oben an der prust ainer spannen brait / vnd den hut magstw machen zwifach oder drifach / von gutem filtz vnd auch von dickem hirssen leder kreutz darumb vnd darauff / vnd ein gericht hat lenger kolben den das ander/ vnd der schilt soll von holtz sein / vnd die zincken daran von zehem hertten hegnem holtz / vnd woll geedert mit leim tuch vnd leder / vnd schneid klaine krewtzlein oben in den hut / vnd auff den oren / vnd dw magst woll ein hubschait an den schilt machen / von aim horn an die spitz zu ainer dro / die man abziehen oder reyben macht / den zincken an schaden vnd vor sorgen vor ainem wurff kolben / dw magst woll machen ein kolben der ab pricht oder aus laufft / vnd klein bleibt zwischen die pain / durch die [?] zu ringen / Auch mach den Rock Jm rucken gelenck / vnd die hossen hinden vnd schneid die hossen ain wenig auff dem knie auff vnd pint sy vnter dem knie / vnd vermach die nyren zu dem pauch gar woll / das man dich darbey nit begreiffen noch gefassen mug vnd schneid dein har ab vnd schneid auch die hantschuch vorn ab / vnd in der hent aus / vnd verpint Jm das gelenck vnd las den ermel daruber geen / Wer vor des reichs gericht vechten soll / dem wirt mit [recht] ertailt ain grieswart vnd ain lusner vnd ain warner / vnd wirt ertailt / das meniglich [?] soll on alle hilff vnd rett bey laib vnd gut den der griswart / der mag wol vngeret zaigen vnd teuten / vnd prinnen alles des seim man nott ist / er soll aber nit rechen es wer den das seim man vnrecht geschech von wem das wer / das mocht er woll melden / vnd er dregt ein stangen So tregt der lusner ein kolben / der soll gar eben auf mercken / vnd nahent bey Im sein / wen er des * kolben bedarff oder das er selber sicht das er Im nutz sey so sol er Im den resch in sein handt stecken * vnd ist recht / das er den kolben von Im mag geben eins halben arm langk / streckt er aber den arm [?] vnd pas man sicht den noch nicht vnd mags woll thun auch heist er ein lusner das er gar eben auff lussen soll auff alle notturfft / das den sein vnd ob man den sein ein stangen geb das er das zu stund meld vnd den sein daruber nymer schlahen lass / so sol er auch gar eben mercken in dem vechten / ob sein widertail yemant stewret oder leret mit worten oder mit wercken anders dan des [ge]rechts recht wer / das mag er woll melden ob In des lust / Desgleichen soll der warner auch * thun / vnd soll gar eben auff sehen vnd mercken / alles das das dem sein nutz vnd notturfftig ist vnd soll auch gar eben sehen was der sein zuschaden mocht komen / darfur soll er In warnen / mit [dewtten] [44r] vnd zaigen vnd prinnen vngerecht / vnd besundert ob man ob man im ein stangen geb / das er deut das der sein nit mer daruber schlag / vnd soll im zaigen mitten in den krais / das er vber das stro nit tret / vnd vber schilt vnd kolben nit fall / ob es darzwkem / vnd gleich auff all notturfft warten als der grieswertl vnd der lusner gar weislichen vnd sunglichen
[3]	Das ist aber ain hut wen dw solt vechten vor hofgericht / oder sunst das dir das recht vecht[e]n ertailt / so besicht man dich vnd beschawt dich von gar eben / wen man den vicht anders sicht nach vndt den gleich als den des selben rechtens vnd vechtens recht ist / So spricht das recht / es sey ain be[?] da merck auff / so macht einer wol sprechen zu dem Richter vnd den schopffen vnd mit dem rechten aus tragen / ob er sich den also wel wern mocht mit der wer die er bey im hett / sprech dan das recht sy sehen nit anders dan gleiche wer er mocht sich wol damit wern nach seiner notturfft / so han ich woll erfaren / dan man aim ain stull oder ein sessel in den Ring her tragen da er auf gesessen / die weill er sich hat beschauen lassen vnd die frag mit recht hat aus lassen tragen Nu ist in den sessel gemacht worden verporgen besundre ☉ wer ein sessell mit knoppfen wen man den knopff oben aus dem stollen hat zogen / So ist aus eissen als ein alater pfenn [?] [?] ein arm daraus gangen / damit hat er sich dan gewert / So hat den Jener das recht ein grossen vortail vber sehen / wan was das recht vor vrtailt hat / Das sol es nymer wider sprechen / darumb merck wen dw vechten solst vor gericht / das dw ainem alles das durch suchen vnd schauen last / was er In den Ringk bring / was was das recht vberseht / vnd das man spricht es sey gleich vnd mag dan einer darnach ein vortail gehaben so mayn ich er sey nyemant nichts darumb schuldig / darumb auch wiss, das man die haimlich wer nicht allein in die stul oder sessel macht man macht sy wol in alle ding / die ainer mit Im in die schrencken tregt / da wiss dich alleweg vor zuhutt[e]n vnd besunder in ein schilt ist sy gut zw machen vnd lass dir albeg fragen mit dem Rechten / das kain ander wer nit gelten soll haimlich oder offenlich den gleich wer als des gerichts recht den ist / wen dir das ertailt So mag dir nit vnrecht gescheen
[4]	ITem so hebt sich an wie erlich Maister gelernt haben aus dem schilt zw vechten / Das est als einer gen dir get mit seynem schilt / vnd sticht oder schlecht gen dir / so trit Im daraus / vnd gee wider nach ein oder zw Im hab dein schilt an dich / das er den nit rur / bis das er vor kumb / so ge mit ein mit deinem schilt / doch gehort der selb abzwg zu mein en / wen der linck fuss vor stett / vnd kumbt er mit seinem schilt / von vnten / so gee nach oder pindt im auf sein schilt / vnd kumbt er gen dir so gee gen im mit / hohen schilt oder mit dem zwerch schilt / vnd mach in vnten gen dir in dem selben vmb wenten val Im auf sein ort vnd ruck den an dich mit dem kreutz / vnd stich also / verfelst dw aber aus dem hohem schilt mit beden orten / verfelstw Im mit dem vnteren / So ruckt er hinter sich so gee nach / verligt er aber / so halt darauff mit der lincken hant / vnd trit zw Im / vnd schla in auf sein arm mit dem kolben oder stich in / vnd ruckt er dan hinttersich sein schilt / so puss als der innenstain bis das da dein schilt wider recht hast / vnd ligt er aber mit seinem ort nit gar nyder / So nym im sein ort mit der [G]abel / vnd went vmb / und mit dem vmb rucken / so gee mit dem oberen ort vnd stich / [D]urch den zwerch schilt / aber den vnten / so get man spiss weiss gegen dem zwerch schilt oder gen dem obren schilt / der ain hewt / darvber / vnd der hoch schilt verwirfft dw dich mit dem schilt so ge oben aus / vnd vnten wider ein oder kumb wider in den hohen schilt vnd kumbt ainer zu dir / vnd will mit dir Ringen / so wint Im den schilt neben dich an sein pain vnd stet ainer Im ort nit woll bedeckt So schlah in an schilt vnd stich in darnach
[5]	Item wie Nun ainer ainer (sic) haben soll den er dernider wirfft / vnd wie sich ainer herwid[er] vmb haben soll der vnter aim leit / das vinstv hernach geschriben In mancherlay stucken / wirfft ainer ain darnider / vnd ligt vnter Im so sol der vnter pald erweren ee dan man In recht er vast / vnd greiff Im oben nach dem hut Ringen / oder stoss In an sein arm / ob dw In von dir mugst gestossen laufft er nach dem stoss wider auff dich / so fach Im sein hawbt vnter dem vchssen vnd greiff im zwischen seine pain / vnd scheub in vber sein haubt aus / Oder stoss in auff an sein arm oder an sein prust nach dem gewicht / Aber als dw vnder kumbst / so thue dein paid arm zusammen / vnd als er auf dich velt / so went dich vnter im auf ein seiten / oder auf die knie / vnd went dich damit schnel wider auff / vnd stoss In mit dem ellenpoden (sic) In dem wenden von dir oder ab
[6]	[44v] Dw sein hawbt magst ergreiffen vnter die[ne]m arm das ist das wenden gen seinem wenden / ligst dw aber an dem rucken vnter Im / so went dich von im / vnd ker den rucken gen Im / vnd went dich aber pald wider umb / vnd stoss oder greiff nach dem hawbt als vor / vnd aber als dw an dem Rucken vnter aim ligst / so greiff Im an sein paid arm oder vnter sein vchssen in sein rock / vnd went In auf baid seitten vnd so er wider strebt so hilfft Im rucken mit der streb / vnd stee auf vnter Im / Auch wor ainer zu ser winnt vnter aim so ruck bis er ein handt auf hebt zuschlahen oder zustossen so stos In dan wid[er] von dir / an sein ellenpogen / oder greiff Im nach seinem vinger zuprechen / damit gewinstw Im an vnd vergiss nit / das arm wenten / oder ergreiff im ein handt in dein paid hendt / vnd went vmb als dw woll waist / Nun stet geschriben / wie dw In halten solt / wen dw auf In kimbst leg dich zwerchs kreutz weis mit deiner prust auf sein prust vnd mit ainem arm vnten vmb sein hals / vnd vas In bey seiner prust den rock oder bey seim hut vnd heb in vast vnd tring dein haubt oben an das sein vnd hilff dir auch mit deiner obren handt / bis dw in recht gevast so zeug dich den ein vnd [pring] dein antlitz auf dem andren / vnd peiss in ee er dich beis / vnd greifft er dir vnter die augen so peiss in die vinger / vnd truck vast zw vntz bis er dir ain stangen gibt oder stich in mit den tauben in die augen vnd schlah Im sandt oder kott vnter sein antlitz vnd hut dich das er dein vinger In sein mundt nicht* ergreiff / Item als er vnter dir hin vnd her ruck mit dem arss vmb get so ge auf Im auch vmb das er dich nicht erreich mit seim pain vnd auf stee / oder das er dir nicht dein hawbt ergreiff / vnd heb dein arm auff Im nicht hoch / ob dw in wilt stossen oder schlahen In das antzlitz / das er dich nicht von Im stoss / stost er dich aber so stoss im sein arm als offt wider nider / vnd lass dein ellenpogen auf Im ligen / vnd stos mit deym kolben oder mit der faust / oder mit flacher handt auf die nasen / das s[?]euss vnd pluten werdt hart not In vnd leg dich vber in nicht stee / das er dich icht hinuber werff /
[7]	Item wiltw ain halten als der innenstain / das er vnter dir icht auf stee / so leg dich auf In vnd vass sein vntern arm zwischen deine paide pain / vnd peug vnd brich Im sein obren arm vnter sein kopff vnd hals / vnd halt Im die selben handt vast / vnd truck In mit deiner obern handt / den selben ellenpogen Ie auf die erden / vnd wo er dich [?] / so greiff mit deiner obren handt zu vnd went wen dw den wilt so stoss in ye mit dem daumen zu sein augen / oder schlah in mit der faust In sein antlitz oder In sein magen oder auf das gemecht / das swecht vnd krenckt In ser / oder [?] Im nach dem vinger prechen damit macht dw In vmb wenden den arm / vnd damit halten
[8]	Item kimbt ainer vnter dir auff auf ein knie / so vach In Resch sein hawbt vnter dein vchssen / vnd heb vast vmb sein hals mit paiden armen / vnd truck dein hawbt oben auf das sein bis er mat wird so / stich [oder] schlah in den mit dem kolben / Aber ein anders wen er auf seinem pauch leicht / so went Im [sein] arm mit dem vinger bruch / vnd drit Im mit deinem fuss auf sein arm gen der schuldern / Item stundt er von dir auff wie das also kem / so greiff In hinder bas zw dem hut oder auf dem [Ruck] In der mit / oder bey aynem pain / hastw In aber vor bey dem hut ringen vnter dir / vnd stet er [dan] auf so stee auch mit Im auf vnd ge vmb vnd halt vest so mus er vallen / oder vass sein [halss] In dein knikel vnd halt vest
[9]	[045r] ITem nu hastw vill gehort vor wem dw dich hutten solt nun ist das / das erst stuck / das man ain lern soll vber den stroen krais nit zu tretten vnd sich In dem fechten alweg darmit fleissen sol / vnd sich huten soll vor dem wurff mit dem kolben / vnd besunder sein pain vnd ploss wol bedecken soll / Mit dem Schillt [et]licher Maister lernt / wen dw In aim dritzt / das dw dein schilt / fur dich nemen solt / vnd die mitern vntern spitz an deim schilt / zwischen dein grosse zehen setzen scholt deins lincken fuss / vnd drit gen ainem / vnd dro Im zu werffen / Mit dem kolben / So furcht er den wurff / vnd wurff selber erschreckenlich[e]n / vnd In dem als er wurfft / So setz dein rechts pain hinter dein lincks pain / so felt er deiner pain / vnd mag dich vor den zencken hart treffen / vnd wurff In auch starck / zu seinem pain oder plossen wo dw wilt / So leren erlicher Maister man sol gar eben auf den wurff sehen / vnd sol den In den schilt vahen / oder darauss treten der dw aus wollest dir gefelt	[253r] [No text]
[10]	[045v] DAs ander lern stuck aus dem schilt / dw sollt dich mit dem schilt allweg wolbedecken oben vnd vnten / die Ploss fichstw mit aim / so gee alweg mit gelertten dritten von im vnd zw Im / vnd hab dein schilt starck vnd woll in hut / das er dir mit seim schilt mit den zucken nit darunder oder neben darein kum / vnd dich [?] oder dir dein schilt auf ein seitten aus weiss / vnd mit dir zuringen kumb / will er dich dan oben [anstechen] Zw dein handt / So heb dein schilt auf vnd fur / vnd fah den stich darein / will er dich aber vnten anstechen / so [fah] den stich vnten auf dem schilt / desgleichen die hew mit den zwerch hacken an dem schilt / die versetz auch also [mit] deim schilt / vnd gib Im albeg nach Iglichem stoss stich ain hinwnder zw sein plossen / Auch lernt [erlicher] auff baid hendt vnd seitten zufechten / vnd kert sein schilt vmb / das die oberst spitz sich gen die erden ker vnd drit mit dem rechten fuss vnd arm vnter dein schilt für / das lern auch / vnd wan er sein schillt vmb ker / so kere den dein schilt auch vmb / vnd deck dein ploss auff baid seitten alweg gar woll	[254r] [No text]
[11]	[046r] EIn gar gut Reschs stuck mit dem schilt / get aus der eissen Pfortten / drit gen einem / vnd deck dich gar woll mit deim schilt fur werffen / vnd thue gleich sam dw mit Im welst fechten aus dem schilt / vnd wen er dir den oben ist So fall in die eissen pfortten / mit deim schilt / vnd nym In auf das lengst mit deiner lincken handt / Inwendiss bey der handt hab / vnd mit deiner Rechten handt Nym In hinten bey dem spitz / den kolben vn den spitz zw einander / vnd stee also auf das lengst ploss gen Im / vnd zaig Im dein scherpffen ort / so vberlengst dw In / das er dir mit Seinem schilt nit geschaden mag vnd er der schrick gar hart / wan er wais nit / wie dw das mainst / vnd drit den also aus der eissen pfortten auf das lengst mit stichen in In / vnd stich Im die plos vnten vnd oben / vnd wen es dir oben ist So ergreiff Im sein schilt Inwendiss voren bey dem ort vnd den zencken mit deim schilt dein ort / vnd zencken / vnd trit zu mit voller vnd weis Im also sein schilt aus auf auf sein rechte seiten / vnd auf dein lincke / vnd in dem trit / vnd ausweisen / so las dein schilt / mit dem sein starck vmb gen / das Im dein hinter ort an deim schilt gen seim pauch stee / also kumbstw Im vnter sein schilt / vnd enwerst In seines schilts / das er den vallen mus lassen / vnd In dem dringen vnd enwern / vnd fallen / so las dein schilt vallen / vnd trit zw Im Resch / vnd far Im mit deiner rechten handt vnd kolben / durch sein baide pain / In die gabel / vnd heb in mit deim kolben starck auf / vnd mit deiner lincken handt prich in oben bey seinem hals starck nider an sein Rucken / vnd thue das als reschlich mit macht / so gelingt dir freilichen / vnd ist der aller besten stuck ains auss dem schillt	[255r] [No text]
[12]	[046v] EIn gut stuck aus dem schilt fichstw mit aim aus dem schilt / vnd sichst in Plos bey seim kopff oder bey seiner lincken achssell / So tw in dem vechten / sam thu In mit dem schilt / vnd den zwerch hacken oben anschlahen wolt / so hebt er sein schilt auf / vnd fur so lug Im den schlag / vnd zuck dein schilt oben wider zu dir / vnd stich Im mit deim vntern ort / vnter sein schilt / In sein pauch / oder pain / wo dw In dan treffen mugst / vnd In dem stich gar Resch trit wider zuruck / vnd deck dich nach einer yeden rur gar woll wider / mit dem schilt / vnd ficht den hinwider / wastw kanst vnd dich gelust	[256r] [No text]
[13]	[047r] EIn gut stuck aus dem schilt / Pinstw mit aim an mit der Prait / an Paiden schilten / also das die schilt baid die ruck an einander keren / vnd vber zwerch zwischen euch paiden steen / so stoss mit voller macht mit deim schilt sein schilt vbersich aus / das die schilt baid vber dem kopf hinter deim Rucken an die erden vallen / vnd In dem stoss vnd vallen das ains mit dem anderen In gee / ee er sich besint / so var vor dir nider mit dein paiden armen vnd henden / vnd ergreiff Im sein forgesetzts pain / vnd zuck Im das starck zu dir vnd vbersich auf vnd wurff In an den Rucken	[257r] [No text]
[14]	[047v] Aber ein sollich stuck aus dem schilt / wen dw gleich an hast gepunden mit deim schilt / das sich die schilt aber zwischen euch paiden zwerchen / so dring mit ainem / vnd sper dich vast mit dringen hinter dein schilt / vnd In dem sperren / vnd dringen / so stos die schilt / vbersich / vnd in dem stossen / so greiff vnter den paiden schilten zw mit deiner lincken handt / vnd ergreiff in bey seinem lincken arm bey der meuss / oder bey der selben achssel vnd zuck / vnd prich in aus der wag / auf sein rechte seiten / vnd in dem greiffen zucken vnd prechen / so var vor dir nider mit deim rechten armen / vnd ergreiff Im sein lincks pain / hinten in der kniepueg / vnd heb Im das starck auf / vnd prich in oben bey der achssel starck von dier nider / vnd wurf In also aus der wag auf die erd[e]n	[258r] [No text]
[15]	[048r] EIn ander gut stuck aus dem schilt / stichstw mit ainem / so pint mit deine[m] schilt / vnd stich vorn ainem an in sein spitz / vnd zencken mit deinem fordern ort auch spitz vnd zencken / vnd In dem stich vnd an pint[e]n so drag Im sein schilt vnd ort mit deim schilt vnd ort mit voller macht aus auf sein Rechte seiten / vnd dein lincken vnd In dem aus tragen / so wint dein hintern ort vor dir vmb gen Im vnd stich in den also mit deim hintern ort vnter seim schilt / an die Plos / hastw aber zwerch hacken zu hauen oder zu reissen an deim schilt / so schlah Im die In sein linck achssell / vnd reiss In mit dem schilt starck zu dir / das der riss durch gee oder das der hack prech vnd in dem reissen so ist er Ploss / vnd ee er sich des wider erholt vnd besindt / so gib Im mit voller macht ain starcken stich mit deim ort vnter sein schilt / wo dw den die Plos ersichst oder ergreiffen magst	[259r] [No text]
[16]	[048v] ITem ein gut Ringen aus dem schilt / weistw vnd tregst aim sein schilt aus mit deim schilt mit deim ort bey seim ort Im mas das dw zw Im mainst zu kumen mit Ringen gefelt vnd kumbt dir den das [?] ringen so er greiff ein mit deim lincken arm bey seim hut vnd hals / vnter dem lincks vchssen / vnd truck vast zw / vnd sper dein fuß vnd pain hinten woll von Im vnd druck an also nyder / oder stoss In mit deim kolben In sein Ruck oder schlah In neben an sein lincks knie biß er felt [?]ber Im dich albeg in dem hut ringen / deiner nyren / das die wol In dir In verunacht / vnd verpunden sein / das er dich darbey nit ergreiffen mug / wan er macht dich darbey warten vnd hut auch alleweg In allen Ringen / vnd auf aim / vnd vnter aim / zu lugen deiner weren vor truck[e]n vnd deiner vinger besunder [?] daumben vor Prechen / vnd der andern vinger vor peissen	[260r] [No text]

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work	Author(s)	Source
Vienna I Images	Österreichische Nationalbibliothek	WikiMedia Commons
Erlangen Images	Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg	Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg
Vienna II Images	Österreichische Nationalbibliothek	Österreichische Nationalbibliothek
Translation	Jay Acutt	Wiktenauer
Vienna I Transcription	Michael Chidester	Index:Die Blume des Kampfes (Cod.5278)
Erlangen Transcription	Barbara Kappelmayr, Andreas Meier	Index:Eyb Kriegsbuch (MS B.26)
Vienna II Transcription	Michael Chidester	Index:Bũech von fechter Vnnd Ringstückhen zũ Ross vnnd Fuoß (Cod.10799)

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

Welle, Rainer (1993). '…und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen'. Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert. Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft. ISBN 3-89085-755-8.

References

↑ This group has passed unnoticed until very recently, and has not been identified in any previous work on fencing manuals; indeed, most bibliographies of German fencing manuals do not even contain all of the relevant manuscripts. Wierschin (1965) includes only the 10799, and does not appear to have examined it. Hils (1985) includes only the B.26, and characteristically attributes its content to Hans Talhoffer. Anglo (2001) mentions only the 10799, which he describes in a brief footnote as derived from the Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod. I.6.4º.2). Bodemer (2008) likewise only briefly mentions the B.26. Finally, Leng (2008) includes both 5278 and B.26, but without the 10799 to make their connection clear he dismisses both as redactions of the work of Fiore de'i Liberi. All four bibliographies include the Cod. guelf. 78.2 Aug. 2º, but do not attempt any explanation for the illustrations connected with this group. None of the treatments of Fiore de'i Liberi's tradition to date have attempted to address these manuscripts either.
↑ The library catalog dates it to ca. 1420/25. Notes were being added as late as 1428; see Jens P. Kleinau. "1428 The earthquake and the duel in the Codex 5278". Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau. 30 November 2011.
↑ The dedication on folio Ar includes the date 1500.
↑ The dedication on folio 1r states that it was begun in 1623.
↑ According to the library catalog entry.
↑ Presently, a term more commonly associated with firearms evidently originated with throwing of javelins. Schiessen means ‘shooting’, but it is also indicative of ‘throwing’, ‘launching’, ‘discharging’ etc.
↑ A similar method of holding the weapons together is found in Talhoffer.
↑ Lexer equates “Torlich” with temerarius: accidental, rash, thoughtless. I have used the term ‘spontaneous’ in order to avoid an undesirable connotation in English.
↑ Lit: “run under”, “pass under”, “undermine”
↑ This is evidently Talhoffer’s second position for throwing (MS XIX.17-3, 6r; MS 78.A.15, 10r; MS KK5342, 6r)
↑ Gewappent can mean “armed” whilst verwant can mean “relatively”.
↑ Ebers, Vol.5 (1799, 354-355) “Stecken, signifies also, to pitch, to drive or thrust in, to stick”. Pfahle stecken “to set Pales, to drive or thurst them into the ground” also referring to “auf einen Pfahl stekcen, spießen: to impale”. It also follows the implication to Plant, i.e. trees into the ground. Also consider the meanings of “einer Sache das Ziel stecken: to stop the Course of a Thing”, “ein Ziel stecken: to set an Aim or a Mark to aim at”, “sich in Noth stecken: to engage, embark or intangle in a dulle Piece of Trouble”. “Ich weiß wo es steckt: I know the Difficulty of it”. The term stëchen means to Stab, but with a driving action. Such a meaning caused it to be used variously as a synonym for tournament jousting (das turnieren), particularly in poetic works (http://woerterbuchnetz.de/Lexer/?lemid=LS07141 : WIG. SUCH. LIEHT. 71,26. VIRG. 75,5. 546,8. REINFR. B. 27113. ANTEL. 185. 87. FASN. 646,25. CHR. 4. 323,15; 9. 859,2; 10. 375,17). Talhoffer makes use of the term appealing to such chivalric epics in his exordium to Liutold von Koenigsegg. Here we see the logic for why a the sword and spear are to be taken together, as per the preliminary instructions.
↑ wîʒen stv. II. (BMZ III. 781b) beachten, bemerken s. die partic. adj. gewiʒʒen, ungewiʒʒen; mit dat. u. acc. (oder präp. umbe DIEM. BÜCHL. WALTH. WIG.) jemand einen vorwurf woraus od. weshalb machen, ihm es schuld geben, verweisen, allgem. z. b. waʒ wîʒest dû mir? RUL. 50,1. waʒ wîʒet ir mir Hildebrant? BIT. 7655. 980.waʒ wîʒet ir disem wîbe? GLAUB. 2174. daʒ ne darf man ire nicht w. GR.RUD. 21,15. vgl. noch GEN. D. 62,15. ER.6303. BÜCHL. 2,15. MSF. 40,35. 113,17. NEIDH. XXXVII, 4. XXXIX, 12. LIEHT. 48,9. TROJ. 45829 (lies im statt in). AMIS L.1937. CRAON 1720. MART. 148,79. ALBR. 1,318. 24,9. HEINR. 4041. SSP. prol. 14. mit abh. s. der vater weiʒ in, daʒ GEN.65,12; bestrafen KCHR. D. 153,29. REINH. 307,445. ENGELH. 1670. mit ent-, ge-, ver-. gt. veitan nhd. sehen (in gt. in-, fraveitan) zu skr. vid, lat. videre, gr. ἰδεῖν GSP. 321. Z. 154. CURT.3 227. FICK2 189. vgl. wiʒʒen.
↑ The Bohemian Pavise, a form of shield as shown in the illustration named after the city of Pavia, Italy. It became the quintessential duelling weapon, being featured heavily in the Weisskunig. Here it takes the German form of the noun, Pavessen. Because of its size (up to a yard wide, and four or more feet tall) it often became grouped to form a shield-wall known as a Pavisade. It also tended to be used heavily by archers in the English wars with France (Fosbroke 1843, 880)
↑ The implication seems to be that the body stands evenly, and using ponderation, the body-weight is transferred forward to take the opponent by surprise.
↑ starck aus d[er] wag, lit: “strong from the balance”, or in other words, with strength from your stance, or derived from the legs. A good example of kinetic linkage perhaps?
↑ This is evidently the Gerader Versatzung (Meyer, Rapier: 2.74r; Forgeng 2006, 195), or Kron/Crown (Hutter CGM 3711, 41r-42r; Sollinger MS 38.21.Aug.2°, 46r-47r ).
↑ This play has a resemblance to Kal, BSB Cgm 1507, 22v, this seems to be Hundsfeldts fourth guard.
↑ Lit: “grip around”
↑ Lit: “the balance on both sides”
↑ Lit: “run-in”
↑ Lit: “set upon”
↑ Lit: “get-around”
↑ ewich = entwicht, entkommt
↑ Typo! The writer meant "Anclitz".
↑ The word “fall” in some narratives is known to have been used as euphemism for dying.
↑ This same term appears in Lecküchner, Cgm 582, 130v; Cod.Pal.Germ. 430, 66r; http://www.hammaborg.de/pdf/transkriptionen/leckuechner_cgm582/zabinski_mitchell_fritz_leckuchner.pdf, p378.
↑ lind = 1. mild, lieblich ; 2. geschmeidig, weich
↑ This paragraph is identical in wording (though not spelling) to folio 35r-a.
↑ This paragraph is identical in wording (though not spelling) to folio 35r-b.
↑ This one reads in the first person, much akin to de’i Liberi, and is different in tone to the other instructions.
↑ This technique appears to be the logical set-up for 42v-d.
↑ Leather from deer

[1] This group has passed unnoticed until very recently, and has not been identified in any previous work on fencing manuals; indeed, most bibliographies of German fencing manuals do not even contain all of the relevant manuscripts. Wierschin (1965) includes only the 10799, and does not appear to have examined it. Hils (1985) includes only the B.26, and characteristically attributes its content to Hans Talhoffer. Anglo (2001) mentions only the 10799, which he describes in a brief footnote as derived from the Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod. I.6.4º.2). Bodemer (2008) likewise only briefly mentions the B.26. Finally, Leng (2008) includes both 5278 and B.26, but without the 10799 to make their connection clear he dismisses both as redactions of the work of Fiore de'i Liberi. All four bibliographies include the Cod. guelf. 78.2 Aug. 2º, but do not attempt any explanation for the illustrations connected with this group. None of the treatments of Fiore de'i Liberi's tradition to date have attempted to address these manuscripts either.

[2] The library catalog dates it to ca. 1420/25. Notes were being added as late as 1428; see Jens P. Kleinau. "1428 The earthquake and the duel in the Codex 5278". Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau. 30 November 2011.

[3] The dedication on folio Ar includes the date 1500.

[4] The dedication on folio 1r states that it was begun in 1623.

[5] According to the library catalog entry.

[6] Presently, a term more commonly associated with firearms evidently originated with throwing of javelins. Schiessen means ‘shooting’, but it is also indicative of ‘throwing’, ‘launching’, ‘discharging’ etc.

[7] A similar method of holding the weapons together is found in Talhoffer.

[8] Lexer equates “Torlich” with temerarius: accidental, rash, thoughtless. I have used the term ‘spontaneous’ in order to avoid an undesirable connotation in English.

[9] Lit: “run under”, “pass under”, “undermine”

[10] This is evidently Talhoffer’s second position for throwing (MS XIX.17-3, 6r; MS 78.A.15, 10r; MS KK5342, 6r)

[11] Gewappent can mean “armed” whilst verwant can mean “relatively”.

[12] Ebers, Vol.5 (1799, 354-355) “Stecken, signifies also, to pitch, to drive or thrust in, to stick”. Pfahle stecken “to set Pales, to drive or thurst them into the ground” also referring to “auf einen Pfahl stekcen, spießen: to impale”. It also follows the implication to Plant, i.e. trees into the ground. Also consider the meanings of “einer Sache das Ziel stecken: to stop the Course of a Thing”, “ein Ziel stecken: to set an Aim or a Mark to aim at”, “sich in Noth stecken: to engage, embark or intangle in a dulle Piece of Trouble”. “Ich weiß wo es steckt: I know the Difficulty of it”. The term stëchen means to Stab, but with a driving action. Such a meaning caused it to be used variously as a synonym for tournament jousting (das turnieren), particularly in poetic works (http://woerterbuchnetz.de/Lexer/?lemid=LS07141 : WIG. SUCH. LIEHT. 71,26. VIRG. 75,5. 546,8. REINFR. B. 27113. ANTEL. 185. 87. FASN. 646,25. CHR. 4. 323,15; 9. 859,2; 10. 375,17). Talhoffer makes use of the term appealing to such chivalric epics in his exordium to Liutold von Koenigsegg. Here we see the logic for why a the sword and spear are to be taken together, as per the preliminary instructions.

[13] wîʒen stv. II. (BMZ III. 781b) beachten, bemerken s. die partic. adj. gewiʒʒen, ungewiʒʒen; mit dat. u. acc. (oder präp. umbe DIEM. BÜCHL. WALTH. WIG.) jemand einen vorwurf woraus od. weshalb machen, ihm es schuld geben, verweisen, allgem. z. b. waʒ wîʒest dû mir? RUL. 50,1. waʒ wîʒet ir mir Hildebrant? BIT. 7655. 980.waʒ wîʒet ir disem wîbe? GLAUB. 2174. daʒ ne darf man ire nicht w. GR.RUD. 21,15. vgl. noch GEN. D. 62,15. ER.6303. BÜCHL. 2,15. MSF. 40,35. 113,17. NEIDH. XXXVII, 4. XXXIX, 12. LIEHT. 48,9. TROJ. 45829 (lies im statt in). AMIS L.1937. CRAON 1720. MART. 148,79. ALBR. 1,318. 24,9. HEINR. 4041. SSP. prol. 14. mit abh. s. der vater weiʒ in, daʒ GEN.65,12; bestrafen KCHR. D. 153,29. REINH. 307,445. ENGELH. 1670. mit ent-, ge-, ver-. gt. veitan nhd. sehen (in gt. in-, fraveitan) zu skr. vid, lat. videre, gr. ἰδεῖν GSP. 321. Z. 154. CURT.3 227. FICK2 189. vgl. wiʒʒen.

[14] The Bohemian Pavise, a form of shield as shown in the illustration named after the city of Pavia, Italy. It became the quintessential duelling weapon, being featured heavily in the Weisskunig. Here it takes the German form of the noun, Pavessen. Because of its size (up to a yard wide, and four or more feet tall) it often became grouped to form a shield-wall known as a Pavisade. It also tended to be used heavily by archers in the English wars with France (Fosbroke 1843, 880)

[15] The implication seems to be that the body stands evenly, and using ponderation, the body-weight is transferred forward to take the opponent by surprise.

[16] starck aus d[er] wag, lit: “strong from the balance”, or in other words, with strength from your stance, or derived from the legs. A good example of kinetic linkage perhaps?

[17] This is evidently the Gerader Versatzung (Meyer, Rapier: 2.74r; Forgeng 2006, 195), or Kron/Crown (Hutter CGM 3711, 41r-42r; Sollinger MS 38.21.Aug.2°, 46r-47r ).

[18] This play has a resemblance to Kal, BSB Cgm 1507, 22v, this seems to be Hundsfeldts fourth guard.

[19] Lit: “grip around”

[20] Lit: “the balance on both sides”

[21] Lit: “run-in”

[22] Lit: “set upon”

[23] Lit: “get-around”

[24] wich = entwicht, entkommt

[25] Typo! The writer meant "Anclitz".

[26] The word “fall” in some narratives is known to have been used as euphemism for dying.

[27] This same term appears in Lecküchner, Cgm 582, 130v; Cod.Pal.Germ. 430, 66r; http://www.hammaborg.de/pdf/transkriptionen/leckuechner_cgm582/zabinski_mitchell_fritz_leckuchner.pdf, p378.

[28] = 1. mild, lieblich ; 2. geschmeidig, weich

[29] This paragraph is identical in wording (though not spelling) to folio 35r-a.

[30] This paragraph is identical in wording (though not spelling) to folio 35r-b.

[31] This one reads in the first person, much akin to de’i Liberi, and is different in tone to the other instructions.

[32] This technique appears to be the logical set-up for 42v-d.

[33] Leather from deer

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[32]

[33]

“Die Blume des Kampfes”



Author(s)	Ludwig VI von Eyb Unknown
Illustrated by	Unknown
Date	1420s or earlier
Genre	Fencing manual Wrestling manual
Language	Early New High German
State of Existence	Original hypothetical; multiple incomplete copies exist
Manuscript(s)	Cod. 5278 (1420s) MS B.26 (1500) Cod. 10799 (1623) Cod. guelf. 78.2 aug.2º (?) (1465-80)
Concordance by	Michael Chidester

Die Blume des Kampfes

Contents

Manuscripts

Treatise

Mounted Fencing

Horse vs. Foot

Spear

Polearms

Spear, Sword, and Shield in Armor

Sword in Armor

Dagger

Grappling

Sword

Dagger vs. Sword

Longshield

Copyright and License Summary

Additional Resources

References

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