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Difference between revisions of "Angelo Viggiani dal Montone"

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| class="noline" | <p>RODOMONTE:</p>
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| class="noline" | <p>ROD:</p>
  
 
<p>Since we want to exercise ourselves for half an hour, ''Signor Conte'', </p>
 
<p>Since we want to exercise ourselves for half an hour, ''Signor Conte'', </p>
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| <p>CON: I prefer that argument of yours, according to which the ''fendenti'' naturally form another major and distinct type. </p>
 
| <p>CON: I prefer that argument of yours, according to which the ''fendenti'' naturally form another major and distinct type. </p>
 
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<p>ROD: Returning to that argument, either there would be three types or six; because if you would consider only the three dimensions, there would be three: ''dritto, fendente'', and ''punta''; but if you consider the six ends of the three dimensions of space, there would be six: ''mandritto'' and ''rovescio, fendente descendente'' and ''fendente ascendente'', and thrusting the ''punta'' and withdrawing it. </p>
 
<p>ROD: Returning to that argument, either there would be three types or six; because if you would consider only the three dimensions, there would be three: ''dritto, fendente'', and ''punta''; but if you consider the six ends of the three dimensions of space, there would be six: ''mandritto'' and ''rovescio, fendente descendente'' and ''fendente ascendente'', and thrusting the ''punta'' and withdrawing it. </p>
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| rowspan="3" | <p>CON: No, no, let us follow the common way: you know what I want from you, Rodomonte: that you make me something like a tree of all these general and particular blows, and make of them an orderly division.</p>
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/136|6|lbl=56r.6|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/137|1|lbl=56v.1|p=1}}
  
 
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| style="text-align: center" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 57v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
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| rowspan="4" style="text-align: center" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 57v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
  
 
<p>'''Tree of Principal Blows'''</p>
 
<p>'''Tree of Principal Blows'''</p>
| <p><small>''Division of the family of strikes into types according to their differences.''</small></p>
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| class="noline" | <p><small>''Division of the family of strikes into types according to their differences.''</small></p>
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<p>I am happy to do this welcome thing for you; accordingly I tell you that the first family will be the strike. The strike can be of two sorts, either the cut or the thrust. The cut is either with the true edge of the sword or with the false edge. </p>
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| class="noline" | <p><br/></p>
  
<p>CON: No, no, let us follow the common way: you know what I want from you, Rodomonte: that you make me something like a tree of all these general and particular blows, and make of them an orderly division. I am happy to do this welcome thing for you; accordingly I tell you that the first family will be the strike. The strike can be of two sorts, either the cut or the thrust. The cut is either with the true edge of the sword or with the false edge. The blows with the true edge are of two types, ''mandritto'' and ''rovescio''; the ''mandritto'' can be ''tondo, fendente'', and ''sgualembrato'', depending on how the edge falls; if simply from high to low, it will be called “''fendente discendente dritto''”; if it rises from low to high, it will be called “''fendente ascendente dritto''”; if the true edge cut goes from the right to the left side, it will be called “''mandritto tondo''”; if it should go ''sgualembro'', that is, that it begins high and ends low, and simultaneously from the right to the left side, they will call it “''mandritto sgualembrato''”; if, on the other hand, it goes from low to high, it will be a “''sgualembrato ascendente''”, which, however, is composed of the ''tondo'' and of the ''fendente''.</p>
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<p><small>''There are as many types of strikes with the true edge as there are with the false.''</small></p>
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<p>The blows with the true edge are of two types, ''mandritto'' and ''rovescio''; the ''mandritto'' can be ''tondo, fendente'', and ''sgualembrato'', depending on how the edge falls; if simply from high to low, it will be called “''fendente discendente dritto''”; if it rises from low to high, it will be called “''fendente ascendente dritto''”; if the true edge cut goes from the right to the left side, it will be called “''mandritto tondo''”; if it should go ''sgualembro'', that is, that it begins high and ends low, and simultaneously from the right to the left side, they will call it “''mandritto sgualembrato''”; if, on the other hand, it goes from low to high, it will be a “''sgualembrato ascendente''”, which, however, is composed of the ''tondo'' and of the ''fendente''.</p>
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| class="noline" | <p><small>''There are as many types of strikes with the true edge as there are with the false.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>These are the types of the ''mandritto''. The ''rovescio'' has as many other types, and not more; and if one would strike with the false edge, there are born therefrom as many kinds of strikes as with the true edge, except that you need to add the designation of “''falso''” to all the particular names, saying “''falso mandritto''”, “''falso rovescio''”, “''falso mandritto tondo''”, “''falso mandritto sgualembrato''”, “''falso fendente''”, and thus with all the others from side to side, adding to each this designation of “''falso''”. </p>
 
<p>These are the types of the ''mandritto''. The ''rovescio'' has as many other types, and not more; and if one would strike with the false edge, there are born therefrom as many kinds of strikes as with the true edge, except that you need to add the designation of “''falso''” to all the particular names, saying “''falso mandritto''”, “''falso rovescio''”, “''falso mandritto tondo''”, “''falso mandritto sgualembrato''”, “''falso fendente''”, and thus with all the others from side to side, adding to each this designation of “''falso''”. </p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.10723 86r.jpg|2|lbl=86r.2}}
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<p><small>''Types of strikes with the point.''</small></p>
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| <p><small>''Types of strikes with the point.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>If one would strike with the point, either it will begin from the right side, and will be called “''punta diritta''”, or from the left side, and will be called “''punta rovescia''”;<ref>Here the correct definition (contrary to the preceding endnote) is given: “''Se si ferirà con la punta, o nascerà dalle parti diritte, & chiamerassi punta ''diritta'', o dalle parti stanche, & chiamerassi punta rovescia…''”</ref> the ''punta diritta'' either drops from high to low, and will be called “''punta diritta discendente''”, or goes from low to high, and will be called “''punta diritta ascendente''”, or alternately “stoccata”, terminating then on either the right side or the left; or it will go straight ahead, and is called “''punta ferma diritta''”; of the ''punta rovescia'', there are as many others that can be spoken of. However, if you mix together these types, there are born thereof other imperfect blows, made up of these, such as ''mezi mandritti, tramazzoni'', false feints, jabs, and plenty of other blows, reducible nonetheless to this Tree, which I now present to you for your gratification. </p>
 
<p>If one would strike with the point, either it will begin from the right side, and will be called “''punta diritta''”, or from the left side, and will be called “''punta rovescia''”;<ref>Here the correct definition (contrary to the preceding endnote) is given: “''Se si ferirà con la punta, o nascerà dalle parti diritte, & chiamerassi punta ''diritta'', o dalle parti stanche, & chiamerassi punta rovescia…''”</ref> the ''punta diritta'' either drops from high to low, and will be called “''punta diritta discendente''”, or goes from low to high, and will be called “''punta diritta ascendente''”, or alternately “stoccata”, terminating then on either the right side or the left; or it will go straight ahead, and is called “''punta ferma diritta''”; of the ''punta rovescia'', there are as many others that can be spoken of. However, if you mix together these types, there are born thereof other imperfect blows, made up of these, such as ''mezi mandritti, tramazzoni'', false feints, jabs, and plenty of other blows, reducible nonetheless to this Tree, which I now present to you for your gratification. </p>
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Revision as of 21:18, 21 November 2023

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone
Died 1552
Bologna (?)
Relative(s) Battista Viggiani (brother)
Occupation Fencing master
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Lo Schermo (1575)
Manuscript(s) Cod. 10723 (1567)
Translations Traduction française

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone (Viziani, Angelus Viggianus; d. 1552) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life, but he was Bolognese by birth and might also have been connected to the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[1]

In 1551, Viggiani completed a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, but died shortly thereafter. His brother Battista preserved the treatise and recorded in his introduction that Viggiani had asked him not to release it for at least fifteen years.[1] Accordingly, a presentation manuscript of the treatise was completed in 1567 as a gift for Maximilian II (1527-1576), Holy Roman Emperor. It was ultimately published in 1575 under the title Lo Schermo d'Angelo Viggiani.

Treatise

Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III. It can be purchased at the following link in softcover.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Unspecified service to Charles is mentioned in his brother's dedication on page 3.
  2. Literally, “Braggart”.
  3. Literally, “Iron Mouth”.
  4. It is conspicuous that in every other instance in the present text, (at least, in the sections translated here) Viggiani uses the term “da giuoco” (of play/practice) to refer to practice arms. Sydney Anglo (The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe p.324, footnote 102) refers to evidence showing that in late 16th century Spain the spada da marra was considered to be an Italian equivalent of the spada negra, a blunted weapon with a button, and discusses the significance of the different terms. “Marra” in modern Italian is “hoe, fluke of an anchor”, and is given by Florio (A Worlde of Wordes, 1598) to mean “a mattock, a spade, a shovell, a rake to mingle sand and lome together, a pickaxe, or such rusticke instrument.” Thus “spade da marra” may simply mean “swords of blunt metal”, and represent a standard type of practice weapon. Of possible relevance, “smarra” is used to refer to the practice rapier by Marcelli (Regole della scherma, 1686) and others, presumably as a linguistic descendent of “spade da marra” (Gaugler, The History of Fencing, 1998, p. 92); turning again to Florio, “smarrare” is given as “to pare or shave down” and so “smarra” may simply derive from the meaning of “a sword whose point has been pared down”, rather than a contraction of “spada da marra”. It is intriguing to speculate that the term was originally pejorative, suggesting something akin to “swords like shovels”.
  5. Psalm 45:3.
  6. The word for which I substitute the phrase “dull edge” is, in the original, “costa”; the relevant meaning given in Florio is “the back of a knife”. Viggiani uses it to refer, first, to a dull false edge (as in a backsword); and second, to a dull portion of either the false, or, more likely, both edges (as an extended ricasso). I am unaware of a discrete word in English that could stand in adequate stead.
  7. Psalm 149:6-7.
  8. This is almost certainly an error in the original. The text reads “se nascerà la punta dalle parti dritte, chiamerassi punta rovescia”. This is, of course, the complete opposite of what is meant by “punta rovescia”, and Viggiani immediately contradicts this statement on pg. 56V, endnote immediately following.
  9. Here the correct definition (contrary to the preceding endnote) is given: “Se si ferirà con la punta, o nascerà dalle parti diritte, & chiamerassi punta diritta, o dalle parti stanche, & chiamerassi punta rovescia…
  10. Interpreting this maneuver is problematic. It may refer to the practice of arresting a fendente by meeting it at the agent’s hand, hilt, or at worst, forte; yet no mention is made of the patient closing distance to do so, creating the impression of simply putting a hand or forearm in harm’s way rather than take the blow in the head. The relevant passage in the original is “…il suo braccio stanco tien cura, & custodia della testa in pigliare il colpo con la mano, o in ritener co’l braccio la forza sua…
  11. A braccio is a unit of length of approximately 60 centimeters. The specified distance is therefore about 30 cm, or one foot.
  12. This is, of course, in full, “guardia larga, offensiva, imperfetta”.