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| rowspan="2" | [[file:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii Title (alt).png|400x400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[file:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii Title (alt).png|400x400px|center]]
| <p>'''Rules of many knightly<ref name="Cavagliereschi">''Cavagliereschi'' is Corsican for chivalrous. While the Italian is knightly.</ref> armies,'''</p>
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| <p>'''Rules of many knightly<ref name="Cavagliereschi">''Cavagliereschi'' is Corsican for "chivalrous", while the Italian is "knightly".</ref> armies,'''</p>
  
 
<p>''Collected by Captain Frederico Ghisliero, in service to the Most Illustrious Lord Antonio Pio Bonello.''</p>
 
<p>''Collected by Captain Frederico Ghisliero, in service to the Most Illustrious Lord Antonio Pio Bonello.''</p>
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| <p>'''To the Most Illustrious Lord Antonio Pio Bonello,''' son of the most excellent Lord Girolamo Bonello, Marquis of Cassano.<br/><br/></p>
 
| <p>'''To the Most Illustrious Lord Antonio Pio Bonello,''' son of the most excellent Lord Girolamo Bonello, Marquis of Cassano.<br/><br/></p>
  
<p>For two reasons, my Most Illustrious Sir, it has pleased me to direct to Your Most Illustriousness the present book of mine, which I have written here and now, and with good reason, on the use of arms. The first, so that with this new birth of mine I may wish you well, having intercepted with infinite pleasure the marriage which followed between you and the Most Illustrious Lady Octavia Bagliona: with which your Most Illustrious House may hope for a most happy succession: just as I desire that my birth, under the protection of your name, may live for a long time in safety. The other, so that by reading in this book, Your Illustriousness will be able to recognise in it those precepts, which perhaps up to now have been shown to you by a good Master in the handling of arms, your own virtue, which you have wished to adorn with many others in this most tender anchorage of yours. Therefore, let this effort of mine not be discouraging to you: for if it could be weak in itself, nevertheless, by reading it, Your Illustriousness will understand that you will be able to see much more than your own strength and merit would allow. I would like to thank Your Illustriousness for this letter. I kiss your hands.</p>
+
<p>'''F'''or ''two reasons, my Most Illustrious Sir, it has pleased me to direct to Your Most Illustriousness the present book of mine, which I have written here and now, and with good reason, on the use of arms. The first, so that with this new birth of mine I may wish you well, having intercepted with infinite pleasure the marriage which followed between you and the Most Illustrious Lady Octavia Bagliona: with which your Most Illustrious House may hope for a most happy succession: just as I desire that my birth, under the protection of your name, may live for a long time in safety. The other, so that by reading in this book, Your Illustriousness will be able to recognise in it those precepts, which perhaps up to now have been shown to you by a good Master in the handling of arms, your own virtue, which you have wished to adorn with many others in this most tender anchorage of yours. Therefore, let this effort of mine not be discouraging to you: for if it could be weak in itself, nevertheless, by reading it, Your Illustriousness will understand that you will be able to see much more than your own strength and merit would allow. I would like to thank Your Illustriousness for this letter. I kiss your hands.''</p>
 
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{{paget|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii|I (alt)|png|lbl=+ⅱ|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii II (alt).png|1|lbl=+ⅱv.1|p=1}}
 
{{paget|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii|I (alt)|png|lbl=+ⅱ|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii II (alt).png|1|lbl=+ⅱv.1|p=1}}
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| <p>From Parma on April 22. 1587</p>
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| <p>''From Parma on April 22. 1587.''</p>
  
 
<p>&emsp;Affectionate Servant</p>
 
<p>&emsp;Affectionate Servant</p>
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| <p>'''To the Most Serene Lord Ranuccio Farnese Prince of Parma, Piacenza, etc.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''M'''''ost Gacious<ref>''La gratia'' is Catalan for "grace".</ref> and Serene Lord; when Your Highness reminded me of my service to you in the play of arms, that having worked with you only a little on one occasion; that I owed it to you to gather, almost in compendium, all about Theory and Practice. That I by showing in words, and by working with you struggled to obey you and to explain them. And I did that, not to believe that I will be perfectly aware of the profession of the use of arms (which is not really my profession, but is instead that of the military),<ref>Ghisliero is telling his reader that he is a soldier not a civilian swordsman, so it will have a different perspective to others, hence his later comments on siege craft. [note from Henry Fox]</ref> but by this means to show my gratitude to you. Because while I am deficient in many ways, if I may venture to be very brave, and rejoice very much, I have been noticed by the most illustrious Lord Silvio Piccolomini, for whom, and I hope always to show, that I owe the greatest gratitude to His Highness. How could I ever repay the receipt of this notice from? Even if I did, would I have put enough effort into the following work to warrant further regard from you?''</p>
 
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{{pagetb|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf|9|lbl=+ⅱ|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/10|1|lbl=+ⅱv.1|p=1}}
 
{{pagetb|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf|9|lbl=+ⅱ|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/10|1|lbl=+ⅱv.1|p=1}}
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| <p>''I wish to provide you a sign of my loving inclination to you and that I will forever serve you in my life through this work.''</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/10|2|lbl=+ⅱv.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/10|2|lbl=+ⅱv.2}}
  
 
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| <p>''I add to this an ardent desire, which I too have together with your other faithful servants. Who is in this first flower of his age to want to provide to you the opportunity, which likewise from me can give you occasion, with this way shown by me, to become accustomed to the exercise: to your profit, and in a way that always protects your life and reassures those who worry about you.''<ref>This and the previous paragraph are commending the work to the patron, justifying the work’s existence and its purpose, common in treatises of the period. [note from Henry Fox]</ref></p>
 
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{{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/10|3|lbl=+ⅱv.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/11|1|lbl=+ⅲ.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/10|3|lbl=+ⅱv.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/11|1|lbl=+ⅲ.1|p=1}}
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| <p>''This can be seen in the old Gymnasium, and other places of the ancient emperors of Rome, (which we read about and know about their clothes) copied across many parts of Rome and the world, so that they and their people would take advantage of such exercise not just of the body but the soul. Such exercise makes it easier to be skilled in peace and war.''<ref>It was common to refer to “ancients” in the justification of the art of swordsmanship. [note from Henry Fox]</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/11|2|lbl=+ⅲ.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/11|2|lbl=+ⅲ.2}}
  
 
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| <p>''And while we can make this art<ref>When ‘this art’ or ‘the art’ is referenced it means the art of fencing. [More expansively the arts militari (military arts) or for the more classical, the Arts of Mars, of which swordsmanship falls within.] [note from Henry Fox]</ref> profit on a thousand other occasions, if only it delivers the following two benefits at the same time it could be considered worthy, and we can do it very well through practicing this art: firstly vigour and robustness of the soul and body; the other which should not be taken lightly, and is the principle reason for this study to be pursued, is being able to defend against any insult against your person.''<ref>Further justification by demonstration of the benefits to those who practice the art in question, also common, especially referring to defense of the person and the realm. [note from Henry Fox]</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/11|3|lbl=+ⅲ.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/11|3|lbl=+ⅲ.3}}
  
 
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| <p>''Therefore, Your Highness, in response to your kindness, what is most dear to me, and for your own good, this effort of mine to deliver to you the dearest of desires which can be achieved; the preservation of life, and the recreation of the mind.''</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/11|4|lbl=+ⅲ.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/12|1|lbl=+ⅲv.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/11|4|lbl=+ⅲ.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/12|1|lbl=+ⅲv.1|p=1}}
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| <p>''And the more willing you are to accept this gift of mine accompanied by very loyal advice (with which you may not always agree) that I do so with the example of the most serene Lord Duke A''<small>LESSANDRO</small>'', your father, which at the same age as Your Highness had spent time on this honourable pursuit and whose great name is well known. While his quality and greatness of name is not yet known to Flanders, all of Italy and almost all of the world is amazed at its incomparable value.''</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/12|2|lbl=+ⅲv.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/12|2|lbl=+ⅲv.2}}
  
 
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| <p>''The principles of such greatness in Your Highness will no doubt be reflected in your and everyone hopes to see you walk in his footsteps to be just as great as him.''</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/12|3|lbl=+ⅲv.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/12|3|lbl=+ⅲv.3}}
  
 
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| <p>''I am grateful to be abundantly committed to the serenity of your person and willing to help you through to this end. I kiss your hands with humble reverence.''</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/12|4|lbl=+ⅲv.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/13|1|lbl=+ⅳ.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/12|4|lbl=+ⅲv.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/13|1|lbl=+ⅳ.1|p=1}}
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| <p>''The Palace of Your Most Serene Highness in Parma, 22 April 1587.''</p>
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<p>&emsp;The most humble and devoted servant</p>
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<p>&emsp;&emsp;Of Your Most Serene Highness,</p>
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 +
<p>&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;Frederico Ghisliero.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/13|2|lbl=+ⅳ.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/13|2|lbl=+ⅳ.2}}
  
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
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{{master subsection begin
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| title = Chapter 1
 
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{| class="master"
 
{| class="master"
 
 
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| rowspan=2 | [[file:Ghisliero_Title.jpg|400x400px|center]]
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| <p>'''Rules of Many''' Knightly Armies</p>
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<p>''Collected by Captain Federico Ghisliero, for the service of the Most Serene Lord R''<small>ANUCCIO</small>'' Farnese, Prince of Parma, & Piacenza, etc.''<ref>The version dedicated to Antonino instead reads "...for the instruction of the Most Illustrious Lord Antonio Pio Bonello".</ref></p>
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<p>'''I''' have been considering several exercises of arms, which while different, contribute to the subtlety and nobility of the Cavalier;<ref>Cavalier – ''cavaliere'' – knights – so indicating the noble nature of the art which he is presenting. [note from Henry Fox]</ref> for whom understanding how to use the sword, more than any other instrument, will be important to defend his honour, both in sudden assaults, as well as in close combat, so as to be the one who is victorious, and achieves honour through feats of arms. To avoid confusion, as many have done in writing about this art, we will begin with as the principle of all our exercises, by considering the nature of man when altered by the power of the soul and his passions, and how that hinders his reason.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/15|1|lbl=1}}
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{{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/15|2|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/15|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/16|1|lbl=2.1|p=1}}
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| <p>'''T'''he body of a man is composed of four simple elements.<ref>The Humours.</ref> The shape of the man’s body does not change the nature of these four elements, but the qualities and virtues of these natural elements change the man. These natures are:</p>
 +
* earth, which is cold, dry and makes a man melancholy;<ref>Means sad.</ref>
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* water, which is wet, moist and phlegmatic;<ref>Means calm.</ref>
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* air, which is warm, moist and sanguine;<ref>Means optimistic.</ref> and
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* finally, fire, which is warm, dry and choleric.<ref>Means bad-tempered.</ref>
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| {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/16|2|lbl=2.2}}
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| <p>And if the man, according to the common nature of his species, has a temperate character not given to any extreme, then this is in contrast to brutish animals, whose natures are greatly inclined to extremes according to the common nature of each species and what we understand of their particular passions. So we see that all hares are timid, all lions are bold, all dog are irascible [hot-tempered]; but man alone has natures common to all species, being timid, bold, irascible, and much subjected to passions.</p>
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{{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/16|3|lbl=2.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/17|1|lbl=3.1|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/17|4|lbl=3.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/18|1|lbl=4.1|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/18|4|lbl=4.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/19|1|lbl=5.1|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/19|4|lbl=5.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf/18|1|lbl=4.1|p=1}}
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{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = Images
 
  | work        = Images
  | authors    =  
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  | authors    = [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]
  | source link =  
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  | source link = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1518476n
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  | source title= Bibliothèque nationale de France
 
  | license    = public domain
 
  | license    = public domain
 
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  | work        = Translation
 
  | work        = Translation
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  | authors    = [[Nicole Boyd]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
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  | source title= [[:file:Rules of many knightly armies (Nicole Boyd).pdf|Society for Creative Anachronism]]
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  | license    = noncommercial
 
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  | work        = Transcription
 
  | work        = Transcription
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  | authors    = [[Nicole Boyd]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source title= [[Index:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf|Index:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero)]]
 
  | source title= [[Index:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero) 1587.pdf|Index:Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero)]]
  | license    =  
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Revision as of 20:06, 19 March 2024

Federico Ghisliero
Died 1619
Turin, Italy
Occupation
  • Soldier
Nationality Italian
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (1587)

Federico Ghisliero was a Bolognese soldier and fencer. Little is know about his early life, but he studied fencing under the famous Silvio Piccolomini.

In 1587, he published a fencing treatise called Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii, dedicated to Ranuccio Farnese, who was 18 years old at the time of publication and would become Duke of Parma, Piacenza, and Castro. Ghisliero's manual is notable for his use of geometry in relation to fencing, and the incredibly detailed illustrations, using concentric circles centered on where the fencer has placed most of their weight (often, but not always, the back foot), and illustrating multiple versions of each figure in a plate, showing the progression of the movements he describes.

Treatise

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

  • Anglo, Sydney (1994). "Sixteenth-century Italian drawings in Federico Ghisliero's Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii." Apollo 140(393): 29-36.
  • Gotti, Roberto (2023). "The Dynamic Sphere: Thesis on the Third State of the Vitruvian Man." Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: 93-147. Ed. by Daniel Jaquet; Hing Chao and Loretta Kim. Springer.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Cavagliereschi is Corsican for "chivalrous", while the Italian is "knightly".
  2. La gratia is Catalan for "grace".
  3. Ghisliero is telling his reader that he is a soldier not a civilian swordsman, so it will have a different perspective to others, hence his later comments on siege craft. [note from Henry Fox]
  4. This and the previous paragraph are commending the work to the patron, justifying the work’s existence and its purpose, common in treatises of the period. [note from Henry Fox]
  5. It was common to refer to “ancients” in the justification of the art of swordsmanship. [note from Henry Fox]
  6. When ‘this art’ or ‘the art’ is referenced it means the art of fencing. [More expansively the arts militari (military arts) or for the more classical, the Arts of Mars, of which swordsmanship falls within.] [note from Henry Fox]
  7. Further justification by demonstration of the benefits to those who practice the art in question, also common, especially referring to defense of the person and the realm. [note from Henry Fox]
  8. The version dedicated to Antonino instead reads "...for the instruction of the Most Illustrious Lord Antonio Pio Bonello".
  9. Cavalier – cavaliere – knights – so indicating the noble nature of the art which he is presenting. [note from Henry Fox]
  10. The Humours.
  11. Means sad.
  12. Means calm.
  13. Means optimistic.
  14. Means bad-tempered.