You are not currently logged in. Are you accessing the unsecure (http) portal? Click here to switch to the secure portal.
Wiktenauer logo.png

Difference between revisions of "Paulus Kal"

From Wiktenauer
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 67: Line 67:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! Images
 
! Images
−
from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]]
+
from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich]] and [[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn]] Versions
 
! {{rating|C}}
 
! {{rating|C}}
 
Open for editing
 
Open for editing
 
! [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470)
 
! [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470)
 
by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 
by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
−
! Images
+
! [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1458-1467)
−
from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1458-1467)
+
[[Carsten Lorbeer]], [[Julia Lorbeer]], [[Andreas Meier]], [[Marita Wiedner]]
−
! Images
+
! [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s)
−
from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s)
 
−
! Images
 
−
from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503)
 
−
! Images
 
−
from the [[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514)
 
  
−
|-
+
! [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503)
−
| [[File:Cgm 1507 Ir.jpg|250x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001840/image_3]]
 
−
|  
 
−
| '''[Ir]''' [Bonded manuscript description from the year 1958:]
 
−
<u>Fechtbuch von Paul Kal, Cgm 1507</u>
 
  
−
Handschrift auf Pergament, 95 Bll. (Format ca. 28,5 x 29 cm). Ledereinband (braun) auf Holzdeckeln; Blindpressung in gotischen Formen. Ehedem Eck- und Mittelbeschläge und eine Schliesse.
+
! [[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514)
  
−
Provenienz: Bibliotheca Palatina in Mannheim.
 
  
−
Auf Bl. 3v - 93r befinden sich 174 Bilder (Federzeichnungen mit Lasur- und Deckfarben), die durch ganz spärlichen Text erläutert sind. Nach mittelalterlichem Gebrauch kein eigentliches Titelblatt, aber auf Bl. 2r ein als Vorwort anzusprechender Text.
+
|-  
−
 
+
| [[File:Cgm 1507 Ir.jpg|250x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001840/image_3]]
−
Die Jährzahl 1462, die Sie angeben, konnte in der Hs. nicht festgestellt werden; vermutlich geht diese Datierung auf eine Angabe in Jähns, Geschichte der Kriegswissenschaft, I, 368 zurück, wonach unsere Hs. "gleichzeitigen Ursprungs wie die Vatikanische Hs. (Nr.1449)" aei, von der es a.a.0. heißt, daß sie "von 1462 datiert" sei. Der Gewand- und Harnischstil der Bilder weist allerdings eindeutig auf die 2.Hälfte des 15.Jh.s hin.
 
−
 
 
−
Eine Faksimile-Ausgabe von Kals Fechtbuch ist hier nicht bekannt, ebenso wenig etwas Näheres über die Person von Paul Kal, über den a.a.0. und bei M.Ginsburger: Les juifs et l'art militaire au moyen-age (Revue des etudes juives, 88 (1929), 163) nur gesagt ist, daß er das Fechtbuch für die Herzöge Ludwig und Georg von Niederbayern gemacht habe.
 
−
 
 
−
(Transcribed by [[Michael Chidester]])
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|Ir|jpg}}
−
|  
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[File:Cgm 1507 01r.jpg|250x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001840/image_5]]
 
−
| Cod. bav.<br/>1507
 
−
[Stamp in the middle of the upper third of the page:]<br/>BIBLIOTHECA<br/>REGIA<br/>MONACENSIS
 
−
| '''[1r]''' Cod. bav.<br/>1507
 
−
<br/>BIBLIOTHECA<br/>REGIA<br/>MONACENSIS
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 117: Line 93:
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 01v.jpg|250x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001840/image_6]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 01v.jpg|250x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001840/image_6]]
 
|  
 
|  
−
| '''[1v]''' Methodus & Exercitia varia, lanceis, gladiis, ensibus, clavis, Securibus, clypeis et pugionibus, ac denique Sine armis, solo tantum corporis robore, tam ex equis, quam in terra colluctantium, quos inter praestantiores Sunt veterum Equestres Ludi. / Tournier Spiel. Totum opus in hanc formam redactum est a Paulo Kal, hujusce artis peritissimo Magistro, et quidem regnante Duce Ludovico, comite Palatino ad Rhenum &c &c Quod explicationi rerum deest, e picturis, earumque gesticulationibus, usuque armorum quodammodo colligendum.
+
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|01v|jpg}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 125: Line 101:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 02r.jpg|250x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001840/image_7]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 02r.jpg|250x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001840/image_7]]
−
| With the help of God and of the highborn lord Duke Ludwig, Count Palatine of the Rhine in Lower and Upper Bavaria, I, Master Paulus Kal, an exponent of art, have made this book, which deals with all knightly weapons in brief succession.
+
|  
 +
With the help of God and of the highborn lord Duke Ludwig, Count Palatine of the Rhine in Lower and Upper Bavaria, I, Master Paulus Kal, an exponent of art, have made this book, which deals with all knightly weapons in brief succession.
 +
 
 +
 
 
Here begins the art that Liechtenauer has created with his society and applied with all knightly weapons. May God have mercy on him.
 
Here begins the art that Liechtenauer has created with his society and applied with all knightly weapons. May God have mercy on him.
  
Line 147: Line 126:
  
 
The noble and zealous Hans Stettner von Mörnsheim, which is most of all the master of all pupils—and I, Master Paulus Kal, was his student—may God have mercy on him above all of them.
 
The noble and zealous Hans Stettner von Mörnsheim, which is most of all the master of all pupils—and I, Master Paulus Kal, was his student—may God have mercy on him above all of them.
−
| '''[2r]''' Mithilf gottes und des hochgeporn hern herczog lüdwigs pfalczgrawe peÿ rein herczog in nÿdern und obern baÿren. Hab ich maister pauls kal ain merer der kunst das püech geordenirt in aller Ritterlicher wer auf das kurczt und auf das nachst.
+
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|02r|jpg}}
−
Hÿe hebt sich an die kunst die liechtenawer mit seiner gesellschafft gemacht und gepraücht hat in aller ritterlicher wer das im got genädig seÿ.
 
−
 
 
−
Maist’ hanns liechtenawer,<br/>
 
−
Maist’ peter wildigans von glacz,<br/>
 
−
Maist’ peter von tanczk,<br/>
 
−
Maist’ hanns spindler vo~ cznaÿm,<br/>
 
−
Maister lamprecht von prag,<br/>
 
−
Maist’ hanns seyden faden vo~ erfürt,<br/>
 
−
Maister andre liegniczer,<br/>
 
−
Maister iacob liegniczer, gepried’,<br/>
 
−
Maister sigmund amring,<br/>
 
−
Maister hartman von nurñberg,<br/>
 
−
Maister martein hunczfeld,<br/>
 
−
Maister hanns pägnüczer,<br/>
 
−
Maister phÿlips perger,<br/>
 
−
Maister virgilÿ von kracå,
 
−
 
 
−
Maister dietherich degen vechter von brawnschweig,<br/>
 
−
Maister ott iud der der herñ von österreicher ringer gewessen ist,
 
−
 
 
−
Der edel und fest stettner der am maistñ der maister aller schüller gewessen ist und ich maister pauls kal pin sein schuler gewessen dat im got genädig seÿ vor in allen.
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 176: Line 134:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 04r.jpg|250x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001840/image_11]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 04r.jpg|250x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001840/image_11]]
−
| My Lord, I vow to serve you. My God and his dear mother to be our help.
+
| <p>My Lord, I vow to serve you. My God and his dear mother to be our help.</p>
−
| '''[4r]''' Genediger herr ich gelob euch den dienst mein got und sein liebew muter sullen unser helf’ sein
+
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|04r|jpg}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 185: Line 143:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 05r.jpg|250x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001840/image_13]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 05r.jpg|250x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001840/image_13]]
−
| Take the sword, my lord, you will be protected by the Mother of God and the chivalrous knight, St. George.
+
| <p>Take the sword, my lord, you will be protected by the Mother of God and the chivalrous knight, St. George.</p>
−
| '''[5r]''' Nemt hin genediger Herr das schwert ir wert von der muter gots und riter sand iorgñ aller riterschafft gewert
+
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|05r|jpg}}
−
| [[File:MS 1825 5v.jpg|250x300px|center]]
+
|
 +
|
 +
| {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B 1021|1v|jpg}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:MS 1825 05v.jpg|250x300px|center]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| {{paget|Page:MS 1825|05v|jpg}}
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
−
| [[File:MS Chart.B 1021 1v.jpg|250x300px|center]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 06r.jpg|250x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001840/image_15]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 06r.jpg|250x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001840/image_15]]
−
| I have eyes like a hawk, so you do not deceive me.  
+
|  
 +
I have eyes like a hawk, so you do not deceive me.  
 
:I have a heart like a lion, so I strive forward.  
 
:I have a heart like a lion, so I strive forward.  
 
::I have feet like a deer, so I can jump forward and backward.  
 
::I have feet like a deer, so I can jump forward and backward.  
−
| '''[6r]''' Ich hab augñ als ein falk das man mich nit beschalk
+
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|06r|jpg}}
−
:Ich hab hercz als ein leb das ich hin czü streb
+
| {{paget|Page:MS 1825|06r|jpg}}
−
::Ich hab fües als ein hind das ich hin czü und dar von spring
+
| {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|10r|jpg}}
−
| [[File:MS 1825 6r.jpg|250x300px|center]]
+
| {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B 1021|2r|jpg}}
−
| [[File:MS KK5126 10r.jpg|300x300px|center]]
 
−
| [[File:MS Chart.B 1021 2r.jpg|250x300px|center]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
  

Revision as of 00:43, 6 April 2014

Paulus Kal
Born ca.1420s
Dingolfing, Germany
Died after 1485
Occupation
Patron
  • Ludwig IV "the Gentle"
  • Ludwig IX "the Rich"
  • Sigismund of Austria
Movement Society of Liechtenauer
Influences
Influenced Peter Falkner (?)
Genres
Language
Archetype(s)
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition		 Tobler, 2006
Concordance by Michael Chidester, Carsten Lorbeer,
Julia Lorbeer, Andreas Meier,
Marita Wiedner
Translations
Edition.jpg

Paulus Kal was a 15th century German fencing master. He wrote that he studied martial arts under Hans Stettner von Mörnsheim, and was an initiate of the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer. He was also attached as Schirrmeister to three different courts in his career, serving in various military capacities including commanding men in at least three campaigns.[1] Perhaps his most significant legacy is an honor role of deceased masters[2] included in the Munich version of his fencing manual, which he styled the Society of Liechtenauer (Geselschaft Liechtenauers). While several of these masters remain unknown, the majority wrote treatises of their own and Kal's list stands as an independent confirmation of their connection to the grand master. Kal's treatise is interesting in that it represents the first attempt to illustrate Liechtenauer's Record (Zettel).

Little is known of Kal's early life, but from 1440 to ca. 1449 he served Ludwig IV "the Gentle" of the House of Wittelsbach, Count Palatine of the Rhine. In 1448, while in the count's service he participated in the defense Nuremberg, commanding a unit of wheel cannons below the gates.[3] The Nuremberg Council notes from 17 March 1449 mention that he had broken the peace of the city at that time by drawing his weapons.[4]

Kal entered the service of Ludwig IX "the Rich" of the House of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, on 29 September 1450.[1] In 1461, he is mentioned commanding a unit of 12 marksmen.[citation needed] From 1465 to 1475, he seems to have also maintained a secondary occupation as a toll collector in Dingolfing.[5] In November 1468, he participated in military actions on the castle Saldenburg, which was successfully taken on 4 December.[6] Shortley thereafter, in ca. 1470, Paulus Kal created a second, expanded version of his fencing manual for Ludwig IX, the current Cgm 1507 (as well, possibly, as the MS 1825). Kal is listed as a guest at the wedding of Ludwig's son George,[7] and continued in the duke's service until his death on 18 January 1479.

On 12 February 1480, Paulus Kal entered the service of Sigismund of the House of Habsburg, Archduke of Austria and Tyrol.[1] Kal acted as one of the archduke's witnesses at a number of interrogations held on 17 October 1485 in Innsbruck, related to the witch trials being conducted by Heinrich Kramer at that time.[8] This is the final time that Kal's name appears in the histories. Several copies of Kal's treatise were created during the 1480s and 90s, including the extensive MS KK5126, but it is unknown if he directly commissioned any of them.

In total, Paulus Kal's teachings are preserved in at least six manuscripts written between 1440 and 1514. The probable archetype, Cgm 1507, includes brief explanations in German for most devices (many extracted from Liechtenauer's record). There are four other text-less versions, and these were probably copied from the 1470 version. A sixth version was sold at auction in Italy during the 20th century as individual leaves; this copy contains single-word captions in Latin or Italian and was likely based on one of the four without text. In addition, Paulus Hector Mair based content in several sections of the Munich version of his Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica on Kal's treatise. It appears that the copy he used for this was textless, and so he added his own extensive commentary on the images. The precise set of images Mair drew upon do not appear in any of the six extant manuscripts, which may signify that there was once a seventh copy of Kal's work which has since been lost.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rainer Welle. "… und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen. Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. Und 16. Jahrhundert. Eine sozialhistorische und bewegungsbiographische Interpretation aufgrund der handschriften und gedruckten Ringlehren des Spätmittelalters." Forum für Sozialgeschichte 4. Pfaffenweiler, 1993. pp 243-253.
  2. ↑ Christian Henry Tobler. In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. p7
  3. ↑ Quellen und Erörterungen zur bayerischen und deutschen Geschichte, vol. 8. G. Franz, 1860.
  4. ↑ Die Nürnberger Ratsverlässe, vol 1. Irene Stahl. Degener, 1983.
  5. ↑ Geschichte der stadt Dingolfing und ihrer umgebung Von Joseph Wolfgang Eberl. F. Datterer, 1856.
  6. ↑ Baierische Landtags-Handlungen in den Jahren 1429 bis 1513, vol. 7. Bavaria: Landtag, Franz von Krenner, F.S. Hübschmann, 1804.
  7. ↑ Beyträge zur vaterländischen Historie, Geographie, Staatistik, etc, vol. 2. Lindauer: Lorenz von Westenrieder, 1789.
  8. ↑ Zeitschrift des Ferdinandeums für Tirol und Vorarlberg. Herausgegeben von dem verwaltungs-ausschusse desselben. Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, 1890.
Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
Retrieved from "https://wiktenauer.com/index.php?title=Paulus_Kal&oldid=64242"