Hans Czynner

Hans Czynner
Born	date of birth unknown
Died	date of death unknown
Occupation	Fencing master (?)
Citizenship	Passau, Germany (?)
Movement	Liechtenauer tradition
Influences	Martin Huntsfeld Johannes Liechtenauer Andre Lignitzer Andre Paurenfeyndt
Genres	Fencing manual Wrestling manual
Language	Early New High German
Notable work(s)	Über die Fechtkunst und den Ringkampf
Archetype(s)	MS 963 (1538)
Signature

Hans Czynner was a 16th century German fencing master, possibly from the city of Passau.^{[citation needed]} Little is known about this master, but he seems to have been an initiate of, or at least familiar with, the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer. He authored a manuscript in 1538 entitled Über die Fechtkunst und den Ringkampf ("On the Art of Fencing and Wrestling"), which contained both his own teachings and several treatises by 15th century masters from the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.

Treatise

Armored Fencing

Illustrations	Draft Translation by Kristopher Micozzi	Archetype (1538)  Open for editing
	[1] This is the shortened-sword and how it is used in combat. The first element: Take the sword in your hand and grasp with your left hand about the middle of the blade. Set your weight in the barrier guard, and when you go to close, thrust toward the face. From here, if your strike is displaced, tear off and go with raised arms, thrusting toward the face again. If your thrust is displaced again, then step with your right foot behind his left, and place the pommel of your sword about his neck. Thus you can toss him on his back over your leg as it is illustrated below.
	[2] This is a break against that: If he is behind you, with the pommel about your neck, and will try to toss you, so be nimble and go with your left arm and grasp his right hand with your left bicep, and turn toward your right side such that he is hoist on your back, and toss him like it is illustrated below.
	[3] This is how to counter that previous technique: So you find yourself caught between his arms, and he aims to toss you on his right side, then here is what to do: be nimble and go with your left hand in between his leg, and hook with your left hand over yourself from around below, and shove with your right from above towards yourself. Thus you come to this from bottom to top, and toss him onto his head like it is illustrated below.
	[4] This is a counter against that break: When you find yourself here with his right leg near, and grasped with his left hand between your leg about your inside and with the right around the neck and will be tossed onto the head, so be fast, letting your sword fall, and grip him with your both hands by his right foot beneath at the knee bend; heave quickly, his foot first over yourself, thus you toss him upon his back as it is illustrated below.
	[5] Another break: When you find yourself about to be tossed with the pommel about your neck, so settle and step with your left leg behind his right leg, and with your left arm under his right arm, and with your elbow on the breast. Thus you toss him over your left leg as it is illustrated below.
	[6] A counter against that break: When you find yourself with his elbow on your breast, about to be tossed over his left leg, so be quick and grasp his left arm by the hand with your left hand; and with your right arm and whole body, let yourself upon his left bicep, so you take in the weight and toss him down from you, as it is illustrated below.
	[7] Another break against the first technique: When you find yourself on the inside, with his pommel about your neck, so be quick and press yourself below; and fall in with your both hands under and about his right foot; and yank toward yourself, heaving quickly over yourself, so you toss him on his back as it is shown below.
	[8] Another break against the first one: When you are about to be tossed with the pommel about your neck, so be quick with your left hand going in and catch the pommel of his sword, so you cast away his sword and thrust him in the face, as it is shown below.
	[9] A counter against that break: When you find that your pommel has been caught like before, so wind his over your sword’s pommel from below and over his left hand; and tear toward yourself and in that action you take the death-strike to his head, as it is illustrated below.
	[10] The first tearing: Take your sword in both hands and wind going in and thrust in toward his face. If your strike is displaced from here, so wind with your sword’s pommel from below in between both his arms and above his left hand; and tear toward yourself such that he must loosen his grasp from his blade, and from there you thrust to his body. Grasp his sword’s blade with your left hand and thrust toward your face, such that you make a cross out your left hand over your left arm and catch in his sword’s blade in your hand, thus from here both swords are caught, as it is illustrated below.
	[11] A break against that: So toss in your sword with your pommel below his sword on his right side; and shove him on the left bicep with your right hand, such that you come toward his right; so be quick and grasp about him with both your arms around his body under the nipples, and heave over; and when you find that he will not be lifted from the earth, so shove with your right knee inside his right knee from behind, thus you toss him on the right side, as its is illustrated below.
	[12] A break against that: When your left bicep is shoved, such that you come on the back, so set yourself going down with your body; and with your right hand grasp firmly inside yourself after his leg, and heave him over himself, such that you toss him on his back, as it is illustrated below.
	[13] A counter against that break: When your are at the back of his body, and you hold him firmly below the nipples, and sink yourself down with his body, and you cannot raise him, thus he goes to grab after your leg, so be quick and grasp about his neck with your right arm and let the entirety of your weight sink downwards, as it is illustrated below.
	[14] Another tearing: When both swords are captured as before, so toss both swords on his right side and go with your right hand inside on his left leg, and tear toward yourself; and shove with your left hand from beneath and over yourself from there, thus you toss him on his back, as it is illustrated below.
	[15] A break against that: If you find that he has grasped you at the face from below, So quickly strike from above and downwards, with both hands, over his left hand as you clamp it toward yourself and sink down, like it is illustrated below.
	[16] A counter against that break: When you find that he has struck your hand with both his arms as before, then go quickly and shove in with your right hand from below onto his left bicep shoving it away from yourself upon his right side, so you take his balance, like it is illustrated below.
	[17] The third tearing: When you find that both swords have been grasped like the tearing before, so cast your sword beneath his sword in his right side; and step with your right foot inside his left, and with your right elbow on his breast, toss him over your right leg, as it is illustrated below.
	[18] A break against that: f you find that he has put his elbow on your breast as before, so stay close and hold your left elbow forth; and grip with your right hand about his right hand and shove with your left hand from inside on his right bicep, thus you take his balance, as it is illustrated below.
	[19] Another break against: When you find that your balance is endangered, so quickly grasp with your left hand beneath in his left kneecap and heave over himself, so you toss him on his back as it is illustrated below.
	[20] Another break against that: When you find that your balance will be taken after he has grasped your leg, so be quick and rake your left foot between both his feet, so you break him, from here your foot cannot be taken and the balance gets strengthened/trapped(?), as it is illustrated below.
	[21] The fourth tearing: When you in outer rising and both swords gasped his, so cast away your sword as before; and go with your right hand from below upon his left elbow and shove it away from yourself, thus you take his balance, as it is illustrated below.
	[22] A break against that: If you find that your balance is endangered, so be quick and go through with your inside upon his left side; and grasp with your right hand after his right leg and heave it over him, so you let yourself free and toss him upon his back, as it is illustrated below.
	[23] A break against that: If you find that your leg has been grasped through here as before, so be fast and grasp about his neck with your right hand; and let yourself sink down with your whole body, so you bring on him down, as it is illustrated below.
	[24] The fifth tearing: When you out tear both swords and have grasped his, go quickly through the sword(s) on your other side, so you make a shear, from here his sword hand must loosen; so stab to the body and thrust over his sword atop his right hand; and force the sword over the other, thus you take in his sword, from here the bind of the hands must loosen; and you hold his sword by the point, so be quick and cast the point over; then from here lift(?), and instantly strike in with a death-strike, as it is illustrated below.
	[25] A counter against that break: So you find that you will go through the swords as before, so be quick and shove both swords over his head; and grasp inside with both hands and arms around his body under his nipples and heave him a little over yourself; and shove in with your right knee in his right knee bend, thus you toss him on his right side, as it is illustrated below; and this counter you may also use in the first tearing.
	[26] The sixth tearing: When you have grasped both swords, so take your sword and cast it over his sword with your pommel going toward his right side; and go with your right hand on his right knee bend and tear toward yourself and with the left hand above his left bicep and shove from there, so you toss him on the right side, as it is illustrated below.
	[27] A break against that: So you find yourself by the left bicep as before, so be quick and grip him about his left arm inside his left hand; and shove with your right hand from below onto his left elbow, thus you take his balance, as it is illustrated below.
	[28] Another element: Wind going in and thrust him toward the face; if that strike is displaced, go in the over-guard and act as you want to thrust in turning, and go instantly through and thrust out toward the face; if that is displaced, so go with the pommel of your sword to his left knee bend and tear toward yourself and with the left elbow on his left side; and shove from there, thus you toss him on his right side, as it is illustrated below.
	[29] A break against that: So you find that the pommel on the knee-bend has failed (to work on you?), so be quick and clamp with your pommel about his knee-bend, thus he is weakened here while you have the advantage, and so you toss him over his right side, as it is illustrated below.
	[30] Another break against that element: Form here the pommel on the knee fails, so go in with your left arm, about his neck and come with your right hand on the right to support; and press nimbly toward yourself and do not let the head escape your clinch and jerk on the right, thus you will come all the way up, as it is illustrated below.
	[31] A break against that element: When you find yourself here with the sword’s pommel on the left side and will be heaved, so be quick and go with your sword’s pommel between his arms from above and over his right hand; and tear toward yourself, thus you take his sword with force, as it is illustrated below.
	[32] Another element: When you find yourself with another thrust through as before and in turning outwards searching for the face, if you are displaced, so go with your shortened-sword in below his left shoulder and shove over yourself, thus you toss him upon his right side, as it is illustrated below.
	[33] A break against that: When you find yourself with the technique under the shoulder as before and will be tossed, ssh go with your shortened-sword upon his shortened-sword; and turn with your sword from below in between both his arms and over his left hand, and tear toward yourself; and in that tearing toward yourself, (press the sword) onto his face(?), as it is illustrated below.
	[34] Another break: Against that element: when you find yourself with the technique under your shoulder as before, so go with your shortened-sword onto his shortened-sword; and turn with your sword’s pommel from below and over his right hand; and tear toward yourself, thus you take his sword, as it is illustrated below.
	[35] Another element: Thrust him toward his face and grasp his sword’s blow and strike him after the head; if the death-strike is set aside, so thrust to the face with the point; but if your point is displaced from here, so act as if you will strike in after his head; and let the sword over his head fail and fall with your both arms about his knee-bends; heaving him toward yourself, thus you toss him over yourself, as it is illustrated below.
	[36] A break against that: When you find yourself as before by the knees and will be tossed, so be quick and grasp with your left hand about his neck; and come around with the right and lock them together; and when he is inside wand will toss you, so must he go over you, as it is illustrated below, thus you are above him.
	[37] Another element: From here with the work high about the face; so go with your sword from below between both his arms; and let your left hand from the blade and grasp over his left arm with your blade against; and cast your sword away over his head and come below by his knee-bends; tearing and shoving your head from there, thus you toss him on his back, as it is illustrated below.
	[38] A break against: When here with the work high about the face, so be nimble and go with your sword’s pommel from below between both his arms and over his right hand; and tear toward yourself, thus you take his sword, as it is illustrated below.
	[39] Another element: When here with the work down by the skirt, so go with your sword from above and down between both his arms; and turn with your pommel from below and under his left about his body; and step with your right leg inside his left; and tear toward yourself, thus you toss him over the right leg, as it is illustrated below.
	[40] A break against that: rom here he has wound his sword and stepped inside you, so be cautious and nimble; and step leading with your left foot and with your left arm shove in on his breast or on his neck, thus you toss him, as it is illustrated below.
	[41] Another break against that element: From here between your both arms a thrust as before, so be nimble; and go with your sword’s pommel from below between both his arms and with your sword’s pommel above over his right hand; tear toward yourself, thus you take his sword, as it is illustrated below.
	[42] Another element: Thrust him to the face; if he displaces that, so do, another to the face while striking; and make it a death-strike and act as you would strike to the head; and let the strike behind his left knee-bend; and tear toward yourself and with your left hand shove him on the breast from there, thus you toss him onto his back, as it is illustrated below.
	[43] A break against: From the throw at the breast, grasp nimbly with your left hand his left and turn about; and with your right take the balance , as it is illustrated below.
	[44] Another element: When you do a thrust, and find that both swords have been captured, so cast your sword about his right side below his sword; and go with your right hand upon his left and come with the left to support/clamp(?); and turn yourself and break his shoulder over your arm, as it is illustrated below.
	[45] A break against that: When you find yourself with his right hand on your left turning such that your arm will be broken, so hold your left hand firmly on yourself and ensure that you do not move; and give(?) in after and step with your right leg near his right leg; and shove with your right hand from beneath onto his right elbow; thus you take his balance over his right shoulder, as it is illustrated below.
	[46] A sword taking: When you find yourself thrust, so grasp in; clasp his sword to your sword’s blade with your left hand; and turn with your sword’s pommel from beneath and over his right hand and tear toward yourself, as it is illustrated below.
	[47] Another sword taking: When you find yourself outside(?) a thrust to the face, so set that thrust away, and drive here through outside, so strike his other thrust away, so drive here with his sword’s pommel on yourself, so be forceful; when he also here drives, so go with your sword from beneath between his both arms over under his right hand and tear toward yourself, as it is illustrated below, thus you take his sword.
	[48] Another break has the struggle (over the sword): When you find yourself here with your sword taken, so fall in with your left hand between both his hands in his blade and with your right hand inside his left above in his blade, thus wrestle both swords about that, as it is illustrated below.
	[49] Another element about the struggle: When you and he go falling on his sword and will quarrel for it, so spring with the right leg inside about his right side and step with the right leg under his left and toss him over your right hip, as it is illustrated below.
	[50] A break against: When you find yourself in the same position as before and will be tossed over his hip, thus set yourself downward and shove him with your left elbow onto his breast, thus you toss him over your left leg, as it is illustrated below.
	[51] An element about the struggle over the sword: When you and him go falling to struggle over his sword, so swing yourself with the arm about his left side; and step with your left leg toward his right and toss him over your right hip, as it is illustrated below.
	[52] A break against: When you find yourself as before with his left leg after the spring and will be tossed over his hip, so set yourself going downward; shove him with your right elbow on his breast, thus you toss him over your right leg, as it is illustrated below.
	[53] A sword taking from the struggle: When you are struggling for the sword, so grasp with your left hand beneath his right pinning it and with the right hand his sword under your right shoulder; and tear with your left hand toward yourself, thus you take the sword, as it is illustrated below.
	[54] Another break against the fourth death-strike: When he strikes you to the ankle, so toss your pommel to the left side to the earth and step in to him; in that same moment shove him on his right bicep, thus you get him to jerk back; and above go speedily after his foot so fall in with both hands thereabout his ankle and tear toward yourself, thus you toss him, as it is illustrated below.
	[55] The first pressing: When you take your sword over in the onset with your point and find yourself equal to both sides pressing down, as it is illustrated below.
	[56] The other death-strike: The other death-strike strikes in to his left bicep, as it is illustrated below.
	[57] A break against: Catch the sword between both hands and turn away over his hilt; and tear toward yourself and with the point thrust him to the face, as it is illustrated below.
	[58] The third death-strike: The third death-strike you do to his left knee, as it is illustrated below.
	[59] A break against: Catch the death-strike in your shortened-sword, stay the pommel toward the earth; and turn from below about above over his hilt and tear toward yourself, as it is illustrated below.
	[60] The fourth death-strike: The fourth death-strike strikes to his left ankle, as it is illustrated below.
	[61] A break against: When you find that your ankle will be struck by the technique before, so let your sword’s pommel drop to the earth near your left foot; and step in and break him with the first tearing, as it is illustrated below.
	[62] A counter against that break: You find the break in the first tearing, as it is illustrated below.
	[63] A break against: The break against that you find in the first tearing, as it is illustrated below.
	[64] The first death-strike: When he turns, strike the first death-strike to his head, as it is illustrated below.
	[65] A break against that: Catch the strike between your hands in the blade and turn with your sword’s pommel above over his hilt; and tear toward yourself about your right side, as it is illustrated below.
	[66] A break, when both are in the pressing down: You will free your point from his, thus press your sword’s pommel, so that it comes onto your breast, thus you make yourself free from his sword; and in that catch his sword by the blade with your left hand, as it is illustrated below.
	[67] The break ended: When your point from his harness-clinch has been made free and with your left hand has grasped his sword, so carry with your left arm placed above; and in that same moment go in with your sword’s pommel between both his arms over above his right hand; and tear toward yourself, thus you take in the sword, as it is illustrated below.
	[68] The other pressing and the break against it: When he also presses, grasp his sword as before and be nimble and thrust inside in his left hand; feel when you do this, so wait, thus you make a pin to his hand, so press firmly, making a press away and over the barrier. I am Hans Zynner B.
	[69] The third pressing and the break against it: Make his point free as before, grasp his point as before; grasp his point and with your sword wrench away around his left foot and inside between both his legs; and tear toward yourself and with your left hand shove him on his breast, thus you toss him over your sword onto the back, as it is illustrated below.
	[70] The fourth pressing and break: Make yourself free as before and grasp his sword and with your sword thrust him about his foot; and you meet his foot, so shove him with the left hand on his chin, thus you toss him on his back, as it is illustrated below.

Dagger

Illustrations	Draft Translation by Kristopher Micozzi	Archetype (1538)  Open for editing
	[1] The first element with the dagger: Take your dagger in your fist and thrust to his head; and as you thrust boldly, if he does the same thrust to your head, go toward the inside and catch the thrust with the outer left hand and in over his right hand, thus you take his dagger, as it is illustrated below.
	[2] A break against the first element: When you find yourself in the thrust as before, so catch the thrust with your outer right hand, so you have the dagger; and with your left hand shove him from below onto him, thus you take his balance, as it is illustrated below.
	[3] A break against: When you find that your balance will be taken but it is not complete, so get yourself through to his left side and grip yourself inside after your leg; and as you both are brought up, so be nimble and grasp about his neck with your left arm and let yourself around with your whole body, thus you bring him into you and go drop downwards, as it is illustrated below.
	[4] The first tearing: When he thrusts to your head from above and down, so make a cross out with your both hands and catch the thrust in your cross; and in that same moment catch your dagger’s blade with your left hand and close it as you bring yourself down, so you break the arm, as it is illustrated below.
	[5] A break against: When you find yourself closed as before, so grip in that same moment with your left hand in his right hand by the disk and turn about, thus you make yourself free, as it is illustrated below.
	[6] The break ended: When you find yourself with your left hand in his right in the turn to make free, so come with your right to the left to support; and step with your right leg toward him and turn in his right arm about, thus you toss him on his right side, as it is illustrated below.
	[7] The other tearing: When he thrusts toward your heart, so grab your dagger and strike after the thrust from inside his right hand upon his arm; and in that same moment go with your left hand over his right hand and grip your dagger’s blade and shove over yourself against his face, as it is illustrated below.
	[8] A break against: When you find yourself as before with his right-hand thrust outside(?) and with his hand gripped over to clamp, so be nimble and shove from below to his dagger point by his left hand, thus you make yourself free; and in that same moment nimbly searching for his right hand with your right, so hold him firm and shove in with the left hand beneath his elbow, thus you take his balance, as it is illustrated below.
	[9] The third tearing: When he will thrust you with the fisted dagger, so catch the thrust with your flattened hand; and with your right hand take hold of the strike in the dagger around his neck to his right side; and with your left hand forth under your right hand up and over upon his left shoulder by his neck, thus you grasp your dagger’s blade with your left hand, so close and tear toward yourself, so you toss him from yourself downwards, as it is illustrated below.
	[10] A break against: When you find yourself closed and will be torn down, so be nimble and go with your left hand upon his left hand; and with your right shove from below on his left elbow, thus you take the balance, as it is illustrated below.
	[11] The fourth tearing: When you find yourself about to be thrust with the fisted dagger, so strike the thrust away with your left hand; and strike in with your fisted dagger between his leg beneath his calve about his left foot and with your left hand below your right arm at the blade and close that and tear toward yourself, thus you toss him, as it is illustrated below.
	[12] A break against: When he goes after your leg, so be nimble, go in with your left arm about the neck and come with the right to support and close it; press firm and fall willingly on the back, so must he go over you and you come onto him, as it is illustrated below.
	[13] Another element: When you find that he has thrust toward your body, so go with your left hand onto his right; and with your right shove from over and down onto his blade, thus you break the dagger out of his hand, as it is illustrated below.
	[14] Another element: When you find that he has thrust toward your body, so go with your left hand on his right, in that same moment grip his blade and turn with your left hand over his right wrist upon his right side, thus you take his dagger, as it is illustrated below.
	[15] Another element: When he will thrust toward your body, so strike with your left hand from above and down on his dagger’s blade by the disk and with your right hand from below on his fist and give a strike with both, thus you have struck the dagger out the hand, as it is illustrated below.
	[16] Another element: When he thrusts from above with fisted dagger and your dagger’s blade is had in the fist, so catch the thrust in your right flattened hand and step with your left leg before his right; and with your left arm and whole body let yourself on his right bicep, thus you toss him from yourself down, as it is illustrated below.
	[17] A break against: When he has his left foot in front of yourself and aims to toss you, so be nimble with your left hand and grasp inside between his leg to his skirt and heave over yourself, thus you toss him on the head, as it is illustrated below. They go—herein together.
	[18] A counter against that break: When he has grasped inside between your leg and will heave you, so set yourself going down, thus he comes onto your hip, so you toss him over your inside over, as it is illustrated below.
	[19] Another element: When he goes to thrust with the fisted dagger and you do not have a dagger, so make a cross out your both hands; and with with your right grip over his right hand and make an attempt to take his balance; thus if you cannot, so step in that same moment with your left foot inside and with your left flattened hand shove at his face, so you toss him, as it is illustrated below.
	[20] A break against that: When he has his left hand upon your face and aims to toss you, so be nimble and grip with your left flattened hand on his left flattened hand on the inside after his finger and tear around; and in the tearing, so draw your right hand strongly toward yourself, with that you bring your right hand about his left arm, thus you take the balance and toss him from yourself downward, as it is illustrated below.
	[21] Another element: When he thrusts with the grasped-dagger, so make another cross out of both hands; and in that same moment grip around his right arm with your left hand next to his hand; and with the right shove him on his face, thus you toss him, as it is illustrated below.
	[22] A break against: When he will shove you on your face, so be nimble and shove with your left hand from below on his right bicep, thus you toss him upon his left side, as it is illustrated below.
	[23] Another element: When he thrusts with the fisted dagger, so make a cross out both your hands; and grip about with your right hand his right arm firmly by the hand; and step with your left leg in him and in that step yank with your right hand his right hand around your neck and with your left arm and whole body from above over his right bicep, thus you toss him from yourself downwards, as it is illustrated below.
	[24] Another element: When he goes to thrust, how it is, so catch in his right arm next to his hand and go with the right hand to the other to support; and hold his arm firm with both hands and draw toward yourself and from yourself go through to his left side; in that same moment yank his right arm onto your left shoulder, thus you break the arm, as it is illustrated below.
	[25] A break against: When you find that he aims to break your arm over his left shoulder, so stable your arm and stay adhered; and when he turns and will yank your arm onto his shoulder, so let in the arm upon his shoulder be over the hand and not further; and in that same moment shove him with your left hand from below firmly around his right side, as it is illustrated below.
	[26] Another element: When he aims to thrust below to your body, so catch the thrust with a cross from the left hand and make another with the right hand; and go in that same moment in a drive with your right hand from under around below his dagger, around this his dagger in the cross will come; and shove from above in that same moment with your left hand onto his right, thus you turn it around his fist and thrust him with his dagger to his body, as it is illustrated below.

Grappling

Illustrations	Draft Translation by Anthony Giljum	Archetype (1538)  Open for editing
	A good wrestling for the fight If he runs towards you, let him run and remember to stand in your guard and nimbly lay your free left hand on his throat and your right hand on his throat jacket and lift up from behind and press down from the front and turn yourself, thus you will throw him down in front of you.	[52r] Eynn guth ryngen tzum kampf Wen er gegen dyr alle so laufft so las in lauffen und gedenck, das du schtest in deyner warnung und lege im behende deyn ebychte linke hant an seyn hals und mith deyner rechten hant an seyn hals Joppen und hebe hynten auff und trugk vor nyder und drahe dych umb, so wyrfstu in vor dyr nyder
	Another wrestling If he wrestles you me from the arms and you two are bound in your arms, then reach with your right arm over his x left x arm from under and watch his right arm in the front at his hand and pull his arm over itself and move it to him and step with your left foot behind his left foot, thus you throw him.	[52v] Aber eynn rynngen Wen er mer dyr aus den armen rynckt und es also gefast in den armen stet so greyff mit deynem rechten arm von unten uber seyn x lincken x arm und vach seyn rechten arm vorne bey seyner hant und trag im seyn arm uber sych und schreck ims und schreyt myth deynem lynken fus hynter seyn lyncken fues so wyrfstu in
	Another wrestling If he has bound with you, remember to put your left hand between his and yours and with your left arm around his neck and with your right hand take his left hand to your left hand, grab his left leg and lift above yourself, thus you throw him.	[53r] Aber eynn rynngenn Wen her mith dyr gefast hat, so gedenck, das du deyn lyncke hanth zwyschen deyn und seyn anbryngest und mith deynem lincken arm umb seyn hals unt mit deyner rechten hant nim im seyn lincke dzu deyner lincken hant, pegreyff in seyn linckes peyn und heb uber sych so wyr[f]stu in
	Another wrestling If you two are wrestling from the arms then be dexterous and grab his right hand with your right hand and drive around and step with your left foot next to his left foot, thus he comes on your back, so enclose his right foot with your right arm.	[53v] Aber eynn rynngen Wen es aber aus den armen ringt so pys pehent das du in mith deyner rechten hanth seyn rechte begreyfst und reyt umb und schreyth und mit deynem lyncken fues neben seyn lincken fues so kumpt her dyr auff deyn rucken so um schleys im seyn rechten fues mit deynem rechten arm
	Another wrestling If you two are wrestling from the arms then be dexterous and grab his right arm near his hand with your right hand over his left arm and come with your left hand to the right to help with this and truly drive yourself around and step with your right leg in front of his right leg, thus you throw him.	[54r] Aber eynn rinngenn Wen es aber aus den armen ryngkt so pys pehent und greyff myt deynner rechten hant über seyn lyncken arm nach seynem rechten arm zu nachste bei seyner hanth und kum mit deynner lyncken hant der rechten zu hylfif und reyd erlich um und schreyt mit deynem rechten peyn vor seyn rechtes so wyrfstu in
	Another wrestling If you two have bound with your bodies, then step with your left leg in front of his left and lift him on your hip, thus you throw him over your hip.	[54v] Aber eynn ryngen Wen es also myth dem leyb gefasth habt so schreyth mith deynem lyncken peyn vuer seyn lynckes und heb in auff deyn huff so wyrfstu in uber deyn hueff
	Another wrestling A counter to the previous. When he steps with his left leg and wants to throw you over his hip, then squat down and shove his neck with your right hand, thus you throw him over his right leg.	[55r] Aber eynn rynngen Eyn prych dorwyder Wen her dyr mith seynem lincken peyn vuer schreyth und dych uber seyn huff wyl werffen so setz dych wol mith deynem leyb und mith deyner rechten hanth schtos in an seyn hals so wyrfstu in uber seyn rechtes peyn
	Another wrestling If he you two have bound with your bodies, then step with your right foot in front of his left and load him onto your hip, thus you throw him in front of your right leg.	[55v] Aber eyn rygen[!] Wenn her es aber mit dem leyb also gefast habt so schreyth mith deynem rechten fues vuer seyn lincken und fas in auff deyn huff so wyrfstu in vor deyn rechtes peyn
	A counter to the previous If he steps forward with his right leg, then be dexterous and squat down firmly and shove his neck with your left elbow. Thus you throw him over your left leg.	[56r] Eynn pruch dorwyder Wen her dyr mith seynem rechten peyn vuer schreyt so pys pehende und sez dych wol mith deynem leyb und schtos in mith deynem lyncken elbogen an seyn hals so wyrfstu in uber deyn linckes peyn
	Another wrestling If he is standing before you, and you before him, and you want to win an advantage against him, then be dexterous and lay your left hand on his neck and with your right hand, grab his hair by his right ear. Thus you throw him.	[56v] Aber eyn ryngen Wen er deyn schtet und du vor im und wylstu im eyn vorteyl abe gewynen so pys pehent und legk im deyn lyncke hanth an seyn hals und mith deyner rechten pegreyff im seyn har mith pey seynem rechten or so wyrfstu in
	Another wrestling If you two are wrestling only from the arms, then be dexterous and grab his left hand with your left hand and turn yourself around. Thus you take away his balance.	[57r] Aber eynn ryngen Wen es alles aus den armen ryngt so pys pehent und greyff myth deyner lyncken hanth ym noch seyner lyncken hant und reis um so nymstu im dye wag
	Another wrestling If you want to wrestle with him by running at him, then run at him and lower yourself and with your head in his belly and with both of your hands against his kneecap, strike with your head and with your hands raise him onto yourself. Thus you throw him.	[57v] Aber eyn ryngen Wen du zulauaffung mith im ryngen wylth so lauff in ym und mach dych nyder und mith deynem kop in seyn pauch und mith deynen paden henden in seyne knipug und schtos myth deynem kop von dyr un mith deynen henden reys an dych so wyrfstu in
	Another wrestling If you have bound with him, then remember to grasp his left leg with your right hand, and if you want to get it, then truly raise him onto yourself and shove his chest away from you with your left hand.	[58r] Aber eynn rynngenn Wen du mith im gefast hast so gedenck als du mith deyner rechten hant seyn lynckes peyn er- greyffest und wen du das bekumen magesth so reys erllich an dych und schtos mith deynner lynncken hant an dych von dyr an seyn brust
	Another wrestling If he has taken your foot and you have taken his, then regardless which of his feet is taken (??), the strong man will place his left foot between both of the opponents feet, thus he throws him.	[58v] Aber eynn ryngen Wen er dyr alzo den fues genumen hat und du auch den seynen und welcher in dem noch nemen ist der reck seyn lyncken vues zwyschen seyner paden fues so wyrffet er in
	Another wrestling If you two have bound with each other and you have taken his foot, then lay your free hand on his neck and push away from yourself, thus you throw him.	[59r] Aber eyn ryngen Wen es alzo mith eyn ander gefast habt und du in seyn fues genumen hast so lege dy im deyn lincke ebicht hanth in seyn hals und schtos von dyr so wyrfstu in
	Another wrestling If you have bound your arms against his body, then take it as truth that you should bring your left arm around his neck and turn into him with your butt, thus he comes to you on his back.	[59v] Aber eynn ryngen Wen du mith im also gefast hast aus deynen armen aber aus dem leyb so nym war das du deyn lyncken arm um seyn hals pryngest und myth deynem hyntern gar in im so kumpt her dyr auff den rucken
	A counter to the previous If he has placed his left arm around h[is] your neck and turned into you with his butt, then be dextrous and step with your right leg in front of his right leg and lift your right arm out over his left, thus you take away his balance.	[60r] Eynn pruch dorwyder Wen her dyr seyn lyncken arm um s deyn hals legt unt mit seynem hyntern sych zu dyr kerth so pys behennth und schreyth mit deynem rechten peyn vuer seyn rechtes und mith deynem rechten arm oben uber seyn lyncke maus so nymstu im dy wag
	Another wrestling If you have bound with his body or from the arms, then remember to grasp his left hand with your right and lift your left arm up over his right and turn yourself to your right side, thus you throw him. ~∞~	[60v] Aber ein ringen Wen du mith im in dem leyb gefast hast oder aus den armen so gedenck das du im mith deyner rechten hant seyn lynncke pegreyffest und mith deynem lyncken arm oben uber seyn rechte maus und wenth dych auff deyn rechte seyten so wyrffstu in ~∞~

Summary

Illustrations	No Translation	Archetype (1538)  Open for editing

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work	Author(s)	Source	License
Illustrations	Universitätsbibliothek Graz	Universitätsbibliothek Graz
Translation (sword, dagger)	Kristopher Micozzi	Private communication
Translation (wrestling)	Anthony Giljum	Private communication
Transcription		Index:Über die Fechtkunst und den Ringkampf (MS 963)

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

• Bergner, Ute; Johannes Gießauf (2006). Würgegriff und Mordschlag. Die Fecht- und Ringlehre des Hans Czynner (1538). Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt. ISBN 978-3-201-01855-5.