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Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Hans Döbringer"

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(Removed redirect to Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a))
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<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Here note and know that the winds are the right art and fixed foundation of all fencing of the sword. From them, all other applications and plays come. And one might tediously be a good fencer without the winds, although numerous illegitimate masters, they dismiss and say whatever comes from the winds is quite weak and name it "from the shortened sword", for they are simple and approach naively and meaning that they are fought from the long sword whatever arrives with extended arms and with extended sword and whatever arrives quite fiendishly and strong from the entire power of the body will barely flourish to the end and that is terrible to behold when someone extends themselves like this just as if they will run-down a hare. And that is all against the winding and against Liechtenauer's art when there is no strength against. Because if whoever's art differs on this, you should prefer the strong every time.</p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Here note and know that the winds are the right art and fixed foundation of all fencing of the sword. From them, all other applications and plays come. And one might tediously be a good fencer without the winds, although numerous illegitimate masters, they dismiss and say whatever comes from the winds is quite weak and name it "from the shortened sword", for they are simple and approach naively and meaning that they are fought from the long sword whatever arrives with extended arms and with extended sword and whatever arrives quite fiendishly and strong from the entire power of the body will barely flourish to the end and that is terrible to behold when someone extends themselves like this just as if they will run-down a hare. And that is all against the winding and against Liechtenauer's art when there is no strength against. Because if whoever's art differs on this, you should prefer the strong every time.</p>
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS 3227a 39v.jpg|1|lbl=39v}}
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 39v.jpg|1|lbl=39v}}
  
 
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 40r.jpg|1|lbl=40r}}
 
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 40r.jpg|1|lbl=40r}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|b=1|H}}ere the plays and the prescriptions of the unarmored fencing of Master Liechtenauer are recapped and elaborated differently with shorter and simpler speech so as to grant greater and better understanding and comprehension than as it was written before in the rhymes and glosses, unclearly and incomprehensibly. Thus with this short conversation, that will be overcome.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 64r.jpg|1|lbl=64r}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>First note and know that Liechtenauer's fencing lays entirely upon the five words: {{red|Before}}, {{red|After}}, {{red|Weak}}, {{red|Strong}}, {{red|Within}}. These are the foundation, the core and fundamentals of all fencing. And however much one is able to fence, if he doesn't know about the fundamentals, he will often be shamed by his art. And these same words were often explained before. At that moment, they were just getting at someone being in constant motion and to not celebrate nor idle so that the opponent cannot come to blows. Because {{red|before}} and {{red|after}} signify 'forestrike' and 'afterstrike' as was often written before.</p>
 +
 +
<p>And this gets to that which is called 'start and finish', 'beginning and end'. Because a good, earnest fencer fences with someone such that he will slay them with his art and not become struck and this cannot be done without 'beginning and end'. If he will subsequently begin well, then he will ensure that he always has and wins the forestrike and not the opponent. Because the one who strikes at their opponent, they are always surer and better prepared by reason that the opponent must take heed of and watch out for your strike.</p>
 +
 +
<p>When he subsequently executes and wins the forestrike, whether he hits or misses, he shall then immediately and without pause in that same rush, execute the afterstrike. That is, the second, the third, the fourth or fifth strikes, be it hew or stab in such a way that he is always in motion and executes one after another without pause so that he does not allow them to ever come to blows.</p>
 +
 +
<p>Liechtenauer says about this: {{red|I say to you truthfully, no one defends themselves without danger (and without harm).<ref>latin: dampno => damno => harm</ref> If you have understood this, he can hardly come to blows}}. Just do as was often written before and be in motion.</p>
 +
 +
<p>The word {{red|Within}} gets at the words {{red|before}}, {{red|after}} because when one executes the forestrike and the opponent wards it, 'within' and during the moment that opponent wards it and defends themselves, they can come to the afterstrike well.</p>
 +
 +
<p>It also gets at the words 'weak', 'strong'. These here signify 'the feeling' because when one is on the sword with their opponent, and feels whether they are strong or weak. Thereafter they then execute according to the often written lessons.</p>
 +
 +
<p>And the fundamentals will have these principles in all confrontations: Speed, audacity, prudence, astuteness and ingenuity, etc. And also measure in all things.</p>
 +
 +
<p>Now if he wins the forestrike, then he shall not do it so entirely forceful so that he cannot recover himself for the good of the afterstrike and shall also not step too wide so that he can recover himself for the good of another step forwards or backwards, if it bears itself.</p>
 +
 +
<p>As Liechtenauer spoke: {{red|Thereupon you hold, all things have length and measure}}. Therefore one shall not be hasty and shall think through ahead for themselves what they will execute and then shall bravely execute and driving that swiftly to the head or to the body and never to the sword.</p>
 +
 +
<p>Because if one quite wisely hews that at the head or at the body, that is, to the four openings; they nevertheless often comes to the sword without permission. If the opponent defends themselves such that he defends themselves with the sword, then in this way it comes to the sword.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 64r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 3227a 64v.jpg|1|lbl=64v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 3227a 65r.jpg|1|lbl=65r|p=1}}
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|-
 +
| class="noline" | <p>Liechtenauer says about this:</p>
 +
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>xvi</small>
 +
| Do not hew to the sword,<br/>&emsp;Rather, stand watch for the openings
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|-
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| <small>xvii</small>
 +
| In the head, in the body<br/>&emsp;If you wish to remain without harm
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|-
 +
| <small>xviii</small>
 +
| You hit or miss<br/>&emsp;Aspiring thus so that you target the openings
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|-
 +
| <small>xix</small>
 +
| In every lesson,<br/>&emsp;Turn the point against the openings.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>xx</small>
 +
| Whoever hews around widely,<br/>&emsp;They will often be shamed severely.
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|-
 +
| <small>xxi</small>
 +
| At the closest of all,<br/>&emsp;Deliver sudden hews, stabs wisely.
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|-
 +
| <small></small>
 +
| And always restrain yourself<br/>&emsp;So that the opponent does not come before you
 +
|-
 +
| <small></small>
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| Then you can stand up well<br/>&emsp;Right before a good man.
 +
|}
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS 3227a 65r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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 +
|}
 +
{{master end}}
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 +
{{master begin
 +
| title = Sword and Shield/Buckler
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| width = 60em
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}}
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{| class="master"
 +
|-
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! <p>{{rating|A}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
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! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Nuremberg Hausbuch (MS 3227a)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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|-
 +
| class="noline" | <p>{{red|b=1|The fencing with the shield begins here, etc.}}</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|W}}hoever wants to learn to fence with the shield or with the buckler must first know…<ref>Text cuts off here, and the rest of the page is blank.</ref></p>
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| class="noline" | {{paget|page:MS 3227a|74r|jpg}}
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|}
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{{master end}}
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{{master begin
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| title = Staff
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| width = 60em
 +
}}
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{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Betsy Winslow]]</p>
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! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Nuremberg Hausbuch (MS 3227a)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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|-
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| class="noline" | <p>{{red|b=1|Here begins the fighting with the staff}}</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|W}}ho will learn to fight with the staff he shall first before all know and mark that a staff shall rightly be twelve spans long, and that the fighting with the staff is taken from the sword, and as one fights with the sword so he fights also with the staff; and the principles that there pertain to the sword such as, Before, After, Braveness, Quickness, Cunning, Prudence ect… They pertain also to the staff.</p>
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| class="noline" | {{paget|page:MS 3227a|78r|jpg}}
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|}
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{{master end}}
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 +
{{master begin
 +
| title = Messer
 +
| width = 60em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Thomas Stoeppler]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Nuremberg Hausbuch (MS 3227a)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>{{red|b=1|Here begins the fencing with the langen Messer}}</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|B}}ecause the sword was designed based on the knife, anyone who wants to learn fencing with the long knife should know that the foundation and principles that belong to the sword also belong to the knife.</p>
 +
| {{paget|Page:MS 3227a|82r|jpg}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>A man has only two hands, and from the hand he has two strikes from above and also from below. From these come thrusts and cuts with the winding, just as it does with the sword.</p>
 +
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<p>And each man has four steps, one forward and one backward and one to each side.</p>
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<p>All elements of this are based on this writing, which here explain the foundation and the principles.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 82v.jpg|1|lbl=82v}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Also know that no part of the knife has been invented and constructed for no reason and you should use and handle everything correctly, as the art demands.</p>
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<p>Also, there should be no part or limb of the man be idle and passive when it happens that the art demands to be used.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 82v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Also know that the right hand should be the enemy of the left and left be the enemy of the right. And one hand should displace and lead off and the other should do damage.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 82v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" | <p>Also know that there are two shield steps, which are useful for many fencing techniques:</p>
 +
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<p>One step backward and one forward and these steps are done by crossing one leg over the other in a slinging or slanting motion.</p>
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS 3227a 82v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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 +
|}
 +
{{master end}}
 +
 +
{{master begin
 +
| title = Dagger
 +
| width = 60em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Thomas Stoeppler]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Nuremberg Hausbuch (MS 3227a)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>{{red|b=1|Here begins the fencing with the dagger}}</p>
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<p>{{red|W}}hoever wants to learn fencing with the dagger he should note, that the blade should be sharp at the point as it is seen in Alexandria:<ref>Latin passage follows; very difficult.</ref></p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 84r.jpg|1|lbl=84r}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>If the dagger, or the short knife that is used in duelling, is turned against you, wind it from your opponent with an inverse grip of your left hand. So that you grab his arm with your left hand and that his knife comes down over your arm ; then turn his arm and knife around and he will loose it.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 84r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Also one may defend this winding with four different methods.<ref>Please note that there are only three methods described against the turning-out.</ref></p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 84r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
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|-
 +
| <p>The first is, when someone tries to grab the knife with the left hand, he should turn the point upwards so that he turns around the knife with an inverse grip with the tip pointing upwards, so one winding is defeated. And then you can do what you want.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 84r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The second is, when someone again goes for the knife as above, as soon as he notices this, so pull the knife quickly and strongly back towards himself or push it against him again and cut through his arm, hand or thumb whatever he can get with the pulling and instantly he will be free to thrust again.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 84r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 3227a 84v.jpg|1|lbl=84v|p=1}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>If someone wants to defend and then break the second method, so he should follow the hand of the so he may get behind the opponent. However, if he does not follow but holds against with strength, he will sustain damage and the other one will win.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 84v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Also, when he managed to grab and hold the arm or hand with his left hand, so he drive his right hand quickly between his left holding hand and the dagger. And with an inverted grip, so that the thumb faces downwards and the small finger upwards, grab the dagger and turn it out of his hand.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 84v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" | <p>Now if the adversary is slow with the defending and winding, and as soon as he holds the arm tightly, the he should threaten with the dagger, turn the point against his face and press upon him, just as he would intend to thrust him with brute strength.</p>
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<p>Now the adversary will want to defend this quickly; and Indes he should wind or squeeze out the dagger outwards from the adversaries arm or inwards and then quickly go for him again with his dagger to the nearest target. This is possible because when he presses in with his dagger using threatening strength, the adversary will not think about the possible winding out and will not expect it - So he will be fooled.</p>
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<p>And this is based on the words Vor and Nach, and it means that someone threatens with one technique just as he would really intend to do it, so the one who wants to defend will be fooled if he is not prepared for the second technique. And then, as soon as the adversary does not expect it, he should rush in with the method he already wanted to do. And with this principle you can deceive many people.</p>
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| class="noline" |
 +
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 84v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}}{{section|Page:MS 3227a 85r.jpg|1|lbl=85r|p=1}}
 +
 +
|}
 +
{{master end}}
 +
 +
{{master begin
 +
| title = Grappling
 +
| width = 60em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p><includeonly><span style="font-weight:normal; font-size:85%;">&#91;{{edit|Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)/86r - 89r|edit}}&#93;</span> &nbsp; </includeonly>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Thomas Stoeppler]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Nuremberg Hausbuch (MS 3227a)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 +
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|-
 +
| <p>{{red|b=1|This is about wrestling}}</p>
 +
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<p>{{red|b=1|W}}hoever wants to learn wrestling, he should note at first that the principles Vor, Nach, speed, courage deceit and wits etc also belong to wrestling. And know that all grace and skill comes from wrestling and all fencing comes basically from the wrestling. At first the fencing with the long knife and from that the fencing with the long swords comes and so on.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 86r.jpg|1|lbl=86r}}
 +
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|-
 +
| <p>Know that Master Liechtenauers wrestling with its different running-ins and other techniques is difficult and hard to understand because it was his intention that not everyone who reads it can understand it.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 87r.jpg|1|lbl=87r}}
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|-
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| <p>The first technique is good for finding an opportunity how he can be trapped or thrown. Listen what I teach: When he comes running at you so see to it that you bump him off from you to both sides. And practice stepping, bumping and winding so you will find many openings.</p>
 +
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<p>And learn the second: Learn to put both legs in front and how to break hands whoever he may grab you: Wind your hands around his so his must slide off, high and low, everywhere.</p>
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<p>With this you throw him: When he grabs your shoulders hard, you should do nothing else but put your hands crosswise up from below and grab his and press your hands over his. And as you press pull his hands apart and push them away.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 87r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>This is the set-up for six felling techniques by putting one leg in front or not. And if your hands are quick or slow, do it as you wish, it is all the same.</p>
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 +
<p>1st follow-up from the break of the grab: The first note, that you may grab around, one hand pressing against his heart and putting one leg in front you will throw him down using your whole body.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 87r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The second is done after the set-up by grabbing the elbow, putting one leg in front and throwing over one leg.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 87r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The third is done after the setup when he has pushed the adversary’s hands high, he should keep pressing, and step in front with one leg, and press forward will all strength while jerking his hands upwards and then pushing them away.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 87r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The fourth is after the grab is broken. Then drive your hand against his face from the front against his nose or chin and drive the other hand behind his back. And then by putting one leg in front you throw him over it.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 87r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 3227a 87v.jpg|1|lbl=87v|p=1}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The fifth is, that you may push him at the chest with one hands and grab his head with the other, and by putting one leg in front you throw him on the head.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 87v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The sixth is, that you may grab him by the elbow and by putting one leg forwards throw him on the side, and press with your hand his to the ground. </p>
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<p>Remember that these techniques described above can be done with one leg forward or without, as you wish.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 87v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The seventh is, that you may reach into his arm with your hand and with the other grab his hand and with your feet kick his foot on the other side where you are holding him and so he falls on his face.</p>
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 +
<p>Alternatively, you may place your leg behind him so you can throw him on his back and break his arm.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 87v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The eighth is similar to the last one, but he will turn his elbow outward and press it towards the other hand which is in front. And with this shove him to the side.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 87v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 +
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|-
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| <p>[The next sentence /och me was../ does not make any sense.]</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 87v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Also note that in all techniques you should put the leg in front on the side from which you want to throw him or with which hand you intend wish to throw him. And in all Techniques, if someone traps you by placing his one of his own legs forward, you should kick it away quickly with your other leg and push quickly upwards with your hands and over his back, so he will fall in all trappings.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 87v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Sometimes the most direct method is that you grab him by one hand and leave his other, and by placing one leg in front and turning around with his hand you lean or break him over the leg and so he will fall very hard.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 87v.jpg|8|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS 3227a 88r.jpg|1|lbl=88r|p=1}}
 +
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|-
 +
| <p>The other set up is also that you push away hands high, and here are nine techniques for this.</p>
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<p>It is done this way, when he holds you at your shoulders so put your elbow in his hand on the inside and push his hand away. And do the same with the other hand. After that you may use the nine techniques that have been described before in breaking the arms.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 88r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
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|-
 +
| <p>Now learn how you should break low holds, and there are also two methods.</p>
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<p>Learn, If he holds you, so push with your hand against his joint from both sides and upwards. From this break there are also nine techniques.</p>
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<p>The second low breaking is when you push hard up into his elbows with your hands and from there you can also use nine techniques as it is written before.</p>
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<p>This are now four [breakings].</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 88r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
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|-
 +
| <p>Now learn another four, so that you may break the arms.</p>
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<p>If he holds you at the shoulders so you should push your hands away downwards with your elbows and so his hands will come at your head. And pull him towards your side, and take care that you grab his arm joint and that you hold his hand back strongly with your head, and with the other hand push away against his chest so you break his arm.<ref>Alternate description follows, it hopefully should make the method clearer:
 +
:If he holds you by the shoulders, and you grab his shoulders from the outside. Then you sling your right arm with the elbow over his left and below his right, and push downwards, so his right arm moves up. Take this arm over your head and secure the grip with your left hand behind your head; and then push against his chest with your right again. This will lead to a painful breaking lock.</ref></p>
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<p>If you then place your leg behind him, he will fall very hard.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 88r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The other technique is similar to the last one, except that you strike upwards your hands to wind his away; and so his hand will come under your arm and so you can let him run around you, or you put a foot under him and so he will fall.</p>
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<p>The same methods you may use from the other side, so these are also four. Now this would be eight.<ref>This is a partner exercise, similar to one I know in chinese shuai chiao</ref></p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 88r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 +
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|-
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| <p>Now learn if you hold close to his body pressing your head hard against his chest and when he then grabs against his chin with one hand and against the head with his other, so push him away. Then push his hands away by placing one leg forward. Now he might kick away your leg with his foot and your body with his hands. And against this you can defend with your wrestling and with your strength.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 88r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>Now there are eight breaks described, and from each break nine Techniques. Now learn another four and from these can be done nine as before.</p>
 +
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<p>When he grabs you frontally at your chest, so push his hands in yours downwards against your chest as it is written before and from there you also have nine, and this is the first.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 88r.jpg|7|lbl=-|p=1}}  {{section|Page:MS 3227a 88v.jpg|1|lbl=88v|p=1}}
 +
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|-
 +
| <p>The second is, as before, pushing with your elbow downwards, winding around his hands so you have nine again.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 88v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>The third is pushing upwards against the chest and so you have nine again,</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 88v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
|-
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| <p>And the fourth is pushing upwards with your bone (Elbow/forearm strike) so you have nine.</p>
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<p>So you have twelve breaks with nine techniques each.</p>
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| <p>Note, with this lock or pressing you may move someone away from you. Wherever he tries to hold you, at the sleeve, at the hand, at the sleeve at your elbow joint, or with one hand at the chest or anywhere else – you may drive him away with he same strike and winding around. And after that you may push him as you wish so that he may neither get to you nor that he may lay hand upon you anywhere on your body.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 88v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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| <p>Learn another running in, when he leaps towards you, and you have placed a leg into his path, he may avoid you with another leap, grabbing your leg with one hand and pushing against your chest with the other so you are going to fall onto your head – and this is another technique – As soon as he goes for your leg, pull it quickly backwards and pull him with it so he falls onto his face.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 88v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
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| <p>Learn another principle. If he leaps at you, so he may grab you around the body under your arms and by stepping further with his leg he will throw you on your back fairly hard. And this counters it: As soon as he reaches around you, quickly fall to your side, and this is the fast (buesse) for wrestling.</p>
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|-
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| class="noline" | <p>Learn the third principle if he leaps or steps at you so that may reach you with his both hands frontally at the chest, and then falls down, pulling you over himself by jumping with his feet against you so that you get thrown away very hard, this is the counter: As soon as he grabs you, let yourself drop on him quickly and follow him, so he may not do anything against you.</p>
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Revision as of 03:41, 1 March 2022

Here begins Master Liechtenauer's art of fencing
Hie hebt sich an meister lichtenawers kunst des fechtens
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Hans Döbringer
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1495
Genre
Language Early New High German
Principal
Manuscript(s) 		MS 3227a
First Printed
English Edition 		Żabiński, 2008
Translations

"Pseudo-Hans Döbringer" is the name given to an anonymous 15th century German fencing master.[1] At some point in the 15th century, he dictated a collection of commentary on and expansion of the teachings of Johannes Liechtenauer, including the only biographical details of the master yet discovered, and it is even speculated that he was still alive at the time of the writing.[2] These comments were written into MS 3227a, a commonplace book, by an equally unknown scribe.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Hans Döbringer. It has been argued that this name is inappropriate because the treatise attributed to pseudo-Döbringer (and also pseudo-Peter von Danzig) are not true pseudepigrapha—they are internally anonymous. However, many Ancient and Medieval pseudepigraphic texts were originally anonymous and were assigned their false attributions by later readers, and this is also the case with these two glosses in our fledgling tradition.
  2. ↑ The manuscript uniformly lacks the traditional prayer for the dead when mentioning his name.
  3. ↑ The silver "soon" was added later above the line
  4. ↑ lit: entirely finished sword
  5. ↑ lit: verses
  6. ↑ latin
  7. ↑ Text is blacked out.
  8. ↑ alt: behold, peer-into, witness, probe, observe, perceive, inspect, investigate, realize, comprehend. alt: show, present, embody, illuminate
  9. ↑ latin
  10. ↑ lit: tread-full. completing a step or completing the course of a thing.
  11. ↑ alt: giving-way, stepping-off. to give something up. to let something go.
  12. ↑ alt: safe, sure
  13. ↑ alt: has success
  14. ↑ ume züst => umsonst
  15. ↑ In front of the words “denne” and “her” there are oblique insertion marks, which indicate a reverse order – as shown here.
  16. ↑ schlage, not schlag
  17. ↑ Here the writing is cut off by manuscript trimming.
  18. ↑ aufwinden: 1) to entangle, wind into a ball 2) to turn or twist upwards.
  19. ↑ hindringen: to break or force through. overcome
  20. ↑ "Wisely" inferred from the summary
  21. ↑ alt: straight
  22. ↑ darfahren: unversehens dazu kommen
  23. ↑ Supplemented according to fol. 29v.
  24. ↑ wegen preposition
  25. ↑ wegen verb
  26. ↑ ienen
  27. ↑ The two words “hewe” and “ander” are interchanged in the manuscript, as indicated by corresponding insertion characters.
  28. ↑ At this point there is an ink stain which might hide an original “g” (which can only be seen indistinctly).
  29. ↑ dargehen: the approach something in a hostile manner. Literally: to go-there.
  30. ↑ The page is clipped. only 'hew' remains. This manuscript spells 'haupte' as 'hewpte'
  31. ↑ twer: noun: something that gets in the way, something that cuts across something else, something that crosses. verb: to twist, to twirl, to turn obliquely in relation to something
  32. ↑ "Hew" is inserted in the margin.
  33. ↑ alt: directly, immediately
  34. ↑ The comment ends here and remains unfinished.
  35. ↑ Unlike other places where there are definitely passages originally forgotten and inserted with a caret, such is missing here. Thus, it can be conjectured that this is a later addition or comment.
  36. ↑ überhangen: to hang over, to lean over, to incline
  37. ↑ Grimm: setzen C.2)a)
  38. ↑ unterhangen: hang down, like the branches of a tree
  39. ↑ Illegible deleted character.
  40. ↑ rauschen: like a strong wind rustling quickly through the trees
  41. ↑ unterhangen: hang down, like the branches of a tree
  42. ↑ überhangen: to hang over, to lean over, to incline
  43. ↑ menen: treiben, fuhren, leiten
  44. ↑ latin: dampno => damno => harm
  45. ↑ The word »Nicht«, which cannot be clearly assigned, is added on the side of the page.
  46. ↑ Text cuts off here, and the rest of the page is blank.
  47. ↑ Latin passage follows; very difficult.
  48. ↑ Grzegorz Żabiński offers: ++ rape radices viole et mitte contare tibi hinssis debtem urgre et quocumque tetigeris suas operis
  49. ↑ Please note that there are only three methods described against the turning-out.
  50. ↑ Korrigiert aus »sin«.
  51. ↑ Alternate description follows, it hopefully should make the method clearer:
    If he holds you by the shoulders, and you grab his shoulders from the outside. Then you sling your right arm with the elbow over his left and below his right, and push downwards, so his right arm moves up. Take this arm over your head and secure the grip with your left hand behind your head; and then push against his chest with your right again. This will lead to a painful breaking lock.
  52. ↑ This is a partner exercise, similar to one I know in chinese shuai chiao
  53. ↑ Oder »slosse«? Unleserlich.
Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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