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| ''Fence with the entire body<br/>&emsp;whatever you desire to deploy strongly.''
 
| ''Fence with the entire body<br/>&emsp;whatever you desire to deploy strongly.''
 
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<p>'''Gloss:''' When you come to someone with the onset, then you shall not look to his hew nor wait as he deploys it against you. Because all fencers that watch and wait upon the hew of someone else and will do nothing than parry, they shall enjoy such art less because they often become struck by that. Therefore hew and thrust to the opening.</p>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' When you come to someone with the approach, then you shall not look to his hew nor wait as he deploys it against you. Because all fencers that watch and wait upon the hew of someone else and will do nothing than parry, they shall enjoy such art less because they often become struck by that. Therefore hew and thrust to the opening.</p>
 
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| ''And also severely hindered<br/>&emsp;in the right, if you are left.''
 
| ''And also severely hindered<br/>&emsp;in the right, if you are left.''
 
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<p>'''Gloss:''' This lesson hits upon two people, a lefty and a righty. Understand it thusly: When you come to the onset with someone, if you are a righty and intend to strike-into the opponent, then do not hew the first hew from the left side, because that is weak and cannot, with that, hold against when one binds strongly upon that. Therefore hew from your right side, then you can work strongly upon the sword with art, whatever you wish. Similarly, if you are a lefty, also do not hew from the right side, because that art is quite wild for a lefty to deploy from the right side. Similarly it is also for a righty from the left side.</p>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' This lesson hits upon two people, a lefty and a righty. Understand it thusly: When you come to the approach with someone, if you are a righty and intend to strike-into the opponent, then do not hew the first hew from the left side, because that is weak and cannot, with that, hold against when one binds strongly upon that. Therefore hew from your right side, then you can work strongly upon the sword with art, whatever you wish. Similarly, if you are a lefty, also do not hew from the right side, because that art is quite wild for a lefty to deploy from the right side. Similarly it is also for a righty from the left side.</p>
 
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| <p>Then the other twelve plays begin. The first or sixth in the numbering is called the four guards or positions. The seventh, the parries. The eighth, the racing-after. The ninth, the running-over. The X, the setting-aside. The XI, the changing-through. The XII, the disengaging. The XIII, the running-through. The XIV, the cutting-aside. The XV, the hand pressing. The XVI, the hangings. The XVII, the windings.</p>
+
| <p>Then the other twelve plays begin. The first or sixth in the numbering is called the four guards or positions. The seventh, the parries. The eighth, the racing-after. The ninth, the running-over. The X, the offsetting. The XI, the changing-through. The XII, the disengaging. The XIII, the running-through. The XIV, the cutting-aside. The XV, the hand pressing. The XVI, the hangings. The XVII, the windings.</p>
 
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| ''upon any drive<br/>&emsp;without doubt as he bears.''
 
| ''upon any drive<br/>&emsp;without doubt as he bears.''
 
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<p>'''Gloss:''' You shall here note the four openings upon the opponent that you shall always initiate-fencing. The first opening is the right side, the second the left side; above the girdle of the man. The other two are the right and the left sides below the girdle. Take precise note of the openings in the onset with whichever opening he opens himself against you. Target that cunningly without danger with the shooting-in of the long-point and with racing-after and also with the winding upon the sword and otherwise with all attacks and do not heed as he bears against you, thus if you perceive wisely and strike a strike thereupon, then that is exquisite and allows him to not come into his plays. And always target the opening and not the sword. If (he) will parry you, then work further to the closest opening with the war or otherwise.</p>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' You shall here note the four openings upon the opponent that you shall always initiate-fencing. The first opening is the right side, the second the left side; above the girdle of the man. The other two are the right and the left sides below the girdle. Take precise note of the openings in the approach with whichever opening he opens himself against you. Target that cunningly without danger with the shooting-in of the long-point and with racing-after and also with the winding upon the sword and otherwise with all attacks and do not heed as he bears against you, thus if you perceive wisely and strike a strike thereupon, then that is exquisite and allows him to not come into his plays. And always target the opening and not the sword. If (he) will parry you, then work further to the closest opening with the war or otherwise.</p>
 
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| <p>And if you stand and have your sword to the other side in the crooked setting-on and not with crossed hands, rather with open arms, then the long edge again stands above and with setting-aside as before and thereafter working with warring or otherwise. That is, that you also strike him properly from the setting-aside to his head. Or with that, crooking-in or winding-up strikes or thrusts is also good against the fool or the flats. If he throws you over as above, then strike as above, etc.</p>
+
| <p>And if you stand and have your sword to the other side in the crooked setting-on and not with crossed hands, rather with open arms, then the long edge again stands above and with offsetting as before and thereafter working with warring or otherwise. That is, that you also strike him properly from the offsetting to his head. Or with that, crooking-in or winding-up strikes or thrusts is also good against the fool or the flats. If he throws you over as above, then strike as above, etc.</p>
 
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| ''The thwart-hew takes-away<br/>&emsp;whatever approaches from the roof.''
 
| ''The thwart-hew takes-away<br/>&emsp;whatever approaches from the roof.''
 
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<p>'''Gloss:''' the thwart-hew is nothing other than the middle-hew. It breaks any hew that will either arrive or will be hewn from above downward or from the roof. You shall deploy it thusly: Stand with the left foot forward and hold you sword in behind in the middle-hew at the midsection or waist by the right foot or side such that the long edge is above. And when someone cleaves-in above from the roof into the opening or the head, then step or spring forth against him with the right foot and set aside his hew with the thwart, that is crooked, well to your left, etc. and after the setting-aside, then wind-in with the short edge to his left into his head if you will remain upon his sword. War if it is a necessity. But if he makes a disengaging and will strike you from his left, then come-against swiftly around that with the crooked under cut into his arm, so long as [you] do not drive away too wide in the setting-aside.</p>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' the thwart-hew is nothing other than the middle-hew. It breaks any hew that will either arrive or will be hewn from above downward or from the roof. You shall deploy it thusly: Stand with the left foot forward and hold your sword in the middle-hew in behind at the midsection or waist by the right foot or side such that the long edge is above. And when someone cleaves-in above from the roof into the opening or the head, then step or spring forth against him with the right foot and offset his hew with the thwart, that is crooked, well to your left, etc. And after the offsetting, then wind-in with the short edge to his left into his head if you will remain upon his sword. War if it necessary. But if he makes a disengaging and will strike you from his left, then come-against swiftly around that with the crooked under cut into his arm, so long as [you] do not wander off too widely in the offsetting.</p>
 
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| ''Thwart with the strong.<br/>&emsp;With that, remember your work.''
 
| ''Thwart with the strong.<br/>&emsp;With that, remember your work.''
 
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<p>'''Gloss:''' This is so that you shall strongly break and strongly work every thwart with someone and also especially when he will strike down into you from above as from the roof. So \run-in against his hew strongly with the thwart the same as with the cut, also so that your thumb is underneath, and with that strike him upon his left side or head. Thereafter, if upon that he strengthens much against you, then hang well and strike him from the hanging to his right side and step with the left foot well to his right, etc, viz:<ref>videlicet: namely; to wit</ref> Hew-off<ref>abhauen: to sever</ref> or War, etc.</p>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' This is so that you shall strongly break and work strongly with a variant thwart-strike and also especially when he will initiate a strike down at you from above like from-the-roof. So run-in against his hew strongly with the thwart the same as with the cut thusly, so that your thumb is underneath; and with that, strike him upon his left side or head. Thereafter, if upon that he strengthens greatly against you, then hang well and strike him from the hanging to his right side and tread with the left foot well to his right, etc, viz:<ref>videlicet: namely; to wit</ref> Hew-off<ref>abhauen: to sever or to hew in exit</ref> or War, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>'''A break for the laying-on.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''A break for the laying-on.'''</p>
  
<p>When someone works upon you with the above, laid upon the neck as well, then release your sword from the left hand and shove his sword from the neck with the right and step with the left foot against his left side in front of both of his feet and drive closely with the left arm over both of his arms by his hilt and in front of him into the dance. Or, and better, step behind him in the scales and with the left arm on the neck, ahead or back around and thrown over the foot. Or release your sword from the left hand and strike him with the right through the mouth with the sword over his sword and grasp your sword with the left hand in the middle of the blade and shove him from you with the point, etc. If it is not good, better shove or take his weight from you by the elbow.</p>
+
<p>When someone works upon you with the above, laid upon the neck as well, then release your sword from the left hand and shove his sword from the neck with the right and step with the left foot against his left side in front of both of his feet and drive closely with the left arm over both of his arms by his hilt and in front of him into the dance. Or, and better, step behind him in the scales and with the left arm on the neck, ahead or back around and throwing over the foot. Or release your sword from the left hand and strike him with the right through the mouth with the sword over his sword and grasp your sword with the left hand in the middle of the blade and shove him from you with the point, etc. If it is not good, better shove or take his weight from you by the elbow.</p>
 
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| ''Thwart into the plow; <br/>&emsp;into the ox, join well.''
 
| ''Thwart into the plow; <br/>&emsp;into the ox, join well.''
 
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<p>'''Gloss:''' This is when someone lays before you in his stance in the plow or ox. That is, when he stands with the right foot forward and lies with his sword out forward with the point on the ground. So fall upon over that with the thwart. Thereafter work in, to the opening as it gives itself or war. But if he moves the weapon up to the head in the fool, then you may again set and work upon that with it. War. Also in the same way, if someone sets upon you from the thwart or crooked hew, then remain on his sword and work in the after as in the left<ref>letz: reversed, disrupted, perverted, refuting, incorrect, twisted, unjust, left</ref> stance of the plow with the after.</p>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' This is when someone lays before you in his stance in the plow or ox. That is, when he stands with the right foot forward and lies with his sword out forward with the point on the ground. So fall upon that above<ref>alt: high</ref> with the thwart. Thereafter work in that, into the opening as it gives itself or war. But if he moves the weapon up to the head into the fool, then you may again set-upon that and work. War. Also in the same way, if someone sets upon you from the thwart or crooked hew, then remain on his sword and work in the after as in the last stance of the plow with the after.</p>
 
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| <small>53</small>
 
| <small>53</small>
| ''The failer misleads. <br/>&emsp;It contacts from below according to desire.''
+
| ''The failer misleads. <br/>&emsp;It wounds from below according to desire.''
 
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<p>'''Gloss:''' Note, any fencer that likes to parry will be dazzled and misled and easily struck with the failer. Deploy it thusly: When you stand in the thwart and act as if you will strike him to his left side to the head from the thwart or from over-hews and in the hew divert or snatch away the hew and strike him with the thwart into the lower openings under his sword over to the left side of his hip or wherever it may occur to you and is called the contact below if it is sent under under the sword and not from the under opening under the belt. Thus is he contacted according to desire and struck. War.</p>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' Note, any fencer that likes to parry will be dazzled and misled and easily struck with the failer. Deploy it thusly: When you stand in the thwart and act as if you will strike him to his left side to the head from the thwart or from over-hews and in the hew divert or snatch away the hew and strike him with the thwart into the lower openings under his sword over to the left side of his hip or wherever it may occur to you and is called the wounding below if it is sent under under the sword and not from the under opening under the belt. Thus is he wounded according to desire and struck. War.</p>
 
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| ''Surely take the elbow. <br/>&emsp;Spring to him into the scales.''
 
| ''Surely take the elbow. <br/>&emsp;Spring to him into the scales.''
 
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<p>'''Gloss:''' This is when you have hew with the failer as was taught above. So strike back around him to the left side with the thwart. If he then falls upon your sword, then swiftly hang and in the hanging run through him and take him by the elbows [and] the balance and step in forward with the left foot and shove him thereover. You may also make also make a wrestling in the running through as so: step behind him with the left foot and drive your left arm forward around his neck and throw him backwards over the foot. You may also properly restrain his back around his neck and throw.</p>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' This is when you have hewn with the failer as was taught above. So strike it back around him to the left side with the thwart. If he then falls upon your sword, then swiftly hang and in the hanging, run through and take the scales from him by the elbows and step in forward with the left foot and shove him thereover. You may also make also make a wrestling in the running through as so: step behind him with the left foot and drive your left arm forward around his neck and throw him backwards over the foot. You may also properly restrain his back around his neck and throw.</p>
 
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| <p>Others speak thusly: When you have bound upon with someone, so twist your sword so that your thumb comes below, that is, into the thwart and stab him in the face with the point so you overwhelm him so that he must parry and in the parrying, run in and shove his elbow. It wrestles as above, etc.</p>
+
| <p>Others speak thusly: When you have bound upon with someone, so twist your sword so that your thumb comes below, that is, into the thwart and stab him in the face with the point so you overwhelm him so that he must parry and in the parrying, run in and shove his elbow which wrestles as above, etc.</p>
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>56</small>
 
| <small>56</small>
| ''The failer hits doubly. <br/>&emsp;One makes the old cut with power.''
+
| ''The failer hits one twice. <br/>&emsp;Make the high cut with power.''
 
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<p>According to Hans, [he] says: This is how you have misled with the first failer and struck him to his right side, etc. as above. So strike back around swiftly once more to the other right side. That's called the double, etc. You may withhold trebly as so: Make back around to the opening. If you then come upon his sword, such that he parries, then war or wind with him, etc. If he will then also strike, then go after him in-the-moment with the cut in over his arm and press after.</p>
+
<p>According to Master Hansen, [he] says: This is how you have misled with the first failer and struck him to his right side, etc. as above. So strike it back around swiftly yet once more to the other right side. That's called the double, etc. You can continue trebly thusly making it back around to the opening. If you then come upon his sword, such that he parries, then war or wind with him, etc. If he will then also strike, then go after him in-the-moment with the cut in over his arm and press after.</p>
 
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| <p>Others differ and is also called the double failer. With respect to this, one shall deploy a double misleading in an onset. The first deploys thusly: When you come to him with the onset, so step or spring with the right foot so that your left foot stands in front against him and act as if you will strike to his left side with a thwart and snatch away the strike and spring forwards with the left foot to his right and strike him on the head to the right side if it is arrayed as in the first play, war.</p>
+
| <p>Others differ and is also called the double failer. With respect to this, one shall deploy a double misleading in an approach. The first deploys thusly: When you come to him in one approach, so step or spring with the right foot so that your left foot stands in front against him and act as if you will strike to his left side with a thwart and snatch away the strike and spring forwards with the left foot to his right and strike him on the head to the right side if it is arrayed as in the first play, war.</p>
 
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| ''Double it further, <br/>&emsp;step in left and do not be lazy.''
 
| ''Double it further, <br/>&emsp;step in left and do not be lazy.''
 
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<p>'''Gloss:''' This is the closest play above as Master Hans says, [he] explains with the cut. But others say that when you have struck with the first misleading to the left side to the head, then strike swiftly back around to the right side to the head with the short edge from crossed arms over his arms and spring left, that is to your left side, and cut him through the mouth with the long edge and swiftly extract yourself out.</p>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' This is the closest play above as Master Hans says, [he] explains with the cut. But others say that when you have struck with the first misleading to the left side to the head, then immediately strike back around to the right side to his head and drive over his sword with the short edge from crossed arms and spring in left, that is, to your left side and cut him through the mouth with the long edge and extract<ref>ausheben: lift out</ref> yourself [to the side]<ref>conjecture, possibly: 'neben'</ref>.</p>
 
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| <p>But if you wish to allow him to escape easily, then wind-after him with the war and between his arms as it connects, etc. But if you stand with the left foot forward, then lay your thumb below, so you may again offset his over-hew with the short edge and strike to his left side to the head with the short edge and with the right foot stepping-into. Or, setting-aside over his sword, winding-in to his right side to the head or laying upon the throat, etc, war. But if he wishes to change-through in his hew, then wind-in crooked upon his sword and bring forth your work and lay upon him.</p>
+
| <p>But if you wish to allow him to escape easily, then wind-after him with the war and between his arms as it connects, etc. But if you stand with the left foot forward, then lay your thumb below, so you may again offset his over-hew with the short edge and strike to his left side to the head with the short edge and with the right foot stepping-into. Or, offsetting over his sword, winding-in to his right side to the head or laying upon the throat, etc, war. But if he wishes to change-through in his hew, then wind-in crooked upon his sword and bring forth your work and lay upon him.</p>
 
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| ''Squint-on if he shortens you. <br/>&emsp;Changing-through brings victory.''<ref>ansiegen: to return with victory</ref>
 
| ''Squint-on if he shortens you. <br/>&emsp;Changing-through brings victory.''<ref>ansiegen: to return with victory</ref>
 
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<p>'''Gloss:''' This is a teaching. When you come to him with the onset, you should squint<ref>glance, discern, glean</ref> whether he stands short or straight against you. So, with this, you shall identify when he hews into you, if he then does not stretch his arms out long from himself, then the sword is shortened. If you then lay before him in the squinter or lay before you in the fool by the head<ref>Ochs</ref>, then it is again shortened. For all windings or standings crooked in the sword in front of the opponent are short and shorten the sword. To all that hold themselves thusly, you shall freely change-through them with the long point out of hews and out of stabs into the face. With that you threaten them such that they must parry or allow themselves to be wounded or pierced. War. Master Hans easily<ref>likes to</ref> changes-through if the right foot is before him and stands in the change or squinter and when one is shortened against him, especially standing in the fool<ref>Ochs</ref>.</p>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' This is a teaching. When you come to him with the approach, you should squint<ref>glance, discern, glean</ref> whether he stands short or badly against you. So, with this, you shall identify when he hews into you, if he then does not stretch his arms out long from himself, then the sword is shortened. If you then lay before him in the squinter or lay before you in the fool by the head<ref>Ochs</ref>, then it is again shortened. For all windings or standings crooked in the sword in front of the opponent are short and shorten the sword. To all that hold themselves thusly, you shall freely change-through them with the long point out of hews and out of stabs into the face. With that you threaten them such that they must parry or allow themselves to be wounded or pierced. War. Master Hans easily<ref>likes to</ref> changes-through if the right foot is before him and stands in the change or squinter and when one is shortened against him, especially standing in the fool<ref>Ochs</ref>.</p>
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>62</small>
 
| <small>62</small>
| ''Squint to the top of the forehead <br/>&emsp;if you wish to astonish<ref>Can also mean "to tame or incapacitate".</ref> its side.''<ref>This is a markedly different reading of the verse from the usual: "Squint to the top of the forehead if you wish to incapacitate the hands". Hand can either mean "hand" or "side" and Medel adds "sy" which refers to the head.</ref>
+
| ''Squint to the top of the head <br/>&emsp;if you wish to ruin the hands.''
 
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<p>'''Master Hans' Gloss:''' This is when you stand in the squinter with your left foot forward and he also holds himself with the left foot forward in the squinter or otherwise as he will. So snap with your sword or flat to his right side into the head. If he overlooks this, then he will be quite prodigiously<ref>could also mean 'carelessly'</ref> struck and thereafter pull swiftly and from that make a hew upon his sword to his left side into his head with the short edge. War.</p>
 
<p>'''Master Hans' Gloss:''' This is when you stand in the squinter with your left foot forward and he also holds himself with the left foot forward in the squinter or otherwise as he will. So snap with your sword or flat to his right side into the head. If he overlooks this, then he will be quite prodigiously<ref>could also mean 'carelessly'</ref> struck and thereafter pull swiftly and from that make a hew upon his sword to his left side into his head with the short edge. War.</p>
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| ''With it's turn, <br/>&emsp;the chest is quickly<ref>Alternately: strongly, firmly, steadfastly.</ref> threatened.''
 
| ''With it's turn, <br/>&emsp;the chest is quickly<ref>Alternately: strongly, firmly, steadfastly.</ref> threatened.''
 
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<p>'''Gloss:''' This is when you stand in the squinter with the right foot forward and someone hews-into you with over-hews, etc. So swiftly throw your sword back around into the plunge-hew while he strikes, this is the scalper in the recital and the point opposes him well inside in the scales under his hew or sword into the face or chest. Thereafter, work whatever you wish that is quite threatening to him.</p>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' This is when you stand in the squinter with the right foot forward and someone initiates a hew at you with over-hews, etc. So swiftly throw your sword back around into the plunge-hew while he strikes, this is the scalper in the recital and the point opposes him well inside in the scales under his hew or sword into the face or chest. Thereafter, work whatever you wish that is quite threatening to him.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 30r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
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| ''What comes from him, <br/>&emsp;the crown takes away.''
 
| ''What comes from him, <br/>&emsp;the crown takes away.''
 
|}
 
|}
<p>'''Master Hans' Gloss:''' This is when someone has thrown-in the point at you with the scalper as is first taught. So break the crown against it, because it breaks the scalper thusly: If he also stands as such, then fall into the hew with your hilt over his blade or over the grip between both hands and move aside so he will be struck upon the head, etc. This is called the crown.</p>
+
<p>'''Master Hans' Gloss:''' This is when someone has thrown-in the point at you with the scalper as is first taught. So break the crown against it, because it breaks the scalper thusly: If he also stands as such, then fall into the hew with your hilt over his blade or over the grip between both hands and back off so he will be struck upon the head, etc. This is called the crown.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 30v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 31r.jpg|1|lbl=31r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Therefore whatever you consider the best as such that you may turn and break it with the four hews against the four positions or hews. Thus you disrupt it and hence bring it to the work. Thereafter work with winding-in, warring, or hewing and thrusting as it gives itself. You find that written and taught beforehand in the five hews and stances, and in the setting-aside. Therefore know that there is no parry called for in them,<ref>the leger or hut</ref> because the four hews that break them are called for. Therefore do not parry, and note when he hews, then you hew as well. If he stabs, then you stab as well and guard yourself so that you do not parry too much, if you wish to otherwise not become struck as the catch-fencers<ref>rappen: to gather, to snatch, to seize</ref> do (and they can deploy nothing but parries).</p>
+
| <p>Therefore whatever you consider the best as such that you may turn and break it with the four hews against the four positions or hews. Thus you disrupt it and hence bring it to the work. Thereafter work with winding-in, warring, or hewing and thrusting as it gives itself. You find that written and taught beforehand in the five hews and stances, and in the offsetting. Therefore know that there is no parry called for in them,<ref>the leger or hut</ref> because the four hews that break them are called for. Therefore do not parry, and note when he hews, then you hew as well. If he stabs, then you stab as well and guard yourself so that you do not parry too much, if you wish to otherwise not become struck as the catch-fencers<ref>rappen: to gather, to snatch, to seize</ref> do (and they can deploy nothing but parries).</p>
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Others speak thusly according to the common gloss: How you shall run-over when someone initiates fencing you below, understand that thusly: When you come to him with the onset, if he cleaves-into or thrusts you below, do not parry that, rather note when his under-hew or thrust goes against you, then cleave-in long against him above from his right shoulder and shoot-in the point above long into his face or chest and set-upon him so he may not reach you. If he then drives up from below and parries, then remain strong with the long edge (that's called strengthened) upon his sword and quickly work to the nearest opening or await upon the after with the war and any over-hew and any upward setting-on reaches-over the lower attack, thusly he becomes ashamed above.</p>
+
| <p>Others speak thusly according to the common gloss: How you shall run-over when someone initiates fencing you below, understand that thusly: When you come to him with the approach, if he cleaves-into or thrusts you below, do not parry that, rather note when his under-hew or thrust goes against you, then cleave-in long against him above from his right shoulder and shoot-in the point above long into his face or chest and set-upon him so he may not reach you. If he then drives up from below and parries, then remain strong with the long edge (that's called strengthened) upon his sword and quickly work to the nearest opening or await upon the after with the war and any over-hew and any upward setting-on reaches-over the lower attack, thusly he becomes ashamed above.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 35v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 36r.jpg|1|lbl=36r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''About the setting-aside'''</p>
+
| <p>'''About the offsetting'''</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| ''Hit anytime from both sides <br/>&emsp;if you will step.''
 
| ''Hit anytime from both sides <br/>&emsp;if you will step.''
 
|}
 
|}
<p>'''Master Hans' Gloss:''' This so that you shall learn to offset artfully disrupting hew, thrust also breaking point thusly: If someone hews or thrusts against you, plainly setting-aside and breaking strike and point from all positions and hews or stances and setting-upon from all sides as they encroach you and hitting the point with your point or sword and setting-aside well and from that make a strike-in above with the short edge to the head to whichever side it then gives itself up. Thereafter work in-the-moment with the after and war.</p>
+
<p>'''Master Hans' Gloss:''' This so that you shall learn to offset artfully disrupting hew, thrust also breaking point thusly: If someone hews or thrusts against you, plainly offsetting and breaking strike and point from all positions and hews or stances and setting-upon from all sides as they encroach you and hitting the point with your point or sword and offsetting well and from that make a strike-in above with the short edge to the head to whichever side it then gives itself up. Thereafter work in-the-moment with the after and war.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 36r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 36r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Or<ref>marginalia: 'malz' => bad, weak</ref> else according to the interpretive intent of others as they deploy the setting-aside: When you come to him with the onset, if he then positions himself against you as so in the plow, as they call it (but I call it the ox down by the knee) and acts as if he will thrust into you, the set your left foot forward and stand against him as well in the ox to your right side with crossed arms or hands and give yourself an opening with the left side. If he then thrusts into your opening, then wind against his thrust to you left side with your sword on his sword and step into with the right foot and with that offset such that the point always remains standing against him and in-the-moment stab him in the face or chest. Thus, your point hits and his does not. Or also make a strike and otherwise do whatever you wish if you would like to work with the warring.</p>
+
| <p>Or<ref>marginalia: 'malz' => bad, weak</ref> else according to the interpretive intent of others as they deploy the offsetting: When you come to him with the approach, if he then positions himself against you as so in the plow, as they call it (but I call it the ox down by the knee) and acts as if he will thrust into you, the set your left foot forward and stand against him as well in the ox to your right side with crossed arms or hands and give yourself an opening with the left side. If he then thrusts into your opening, then wind against his thrust to you left side with your sword on his sword and step into with the right foot and with that offset such that the point always remains standing against him and in-the-moment stab him in the face or chest. Thus, your point hits and his does not. Or also make a strike and otherwise do whatever you wish if you would like to work with the warring.</p>
 
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| ''Whoever binds upon you, <br/>&emsp;the changing-through shortly finds him.''
 
| ''Whoever binds upon you, <br/>&emsp;the changing-through shortly finds him.''
 
|}
 
|}
<p>'''Gloss:''' The changings-through are many and varied. You may deploy them from all guards or hews against the fencer that likes to parry and that hew to the sword and not to the openings of the body. You shall learn to deploy it quite well with prudence so that one does not set-on or otherwise come-in while you change-through. Deploy it thusly: When you come to him with the onset, cleave-in strongly above to the head. If he then counter-hews against you into the sword and not to the openings of the body, then let you point slip-through below during the hew before he binds you on the sword and stab him into the other side, etc. If he becomes aware of the stab and shortly drives-after the stab with the sword and will parry, then change-through again to the other side. And always deploy it when he drives to your sword with parrying. Deploy this to both sides, war.</p>
+
<p>'''Gloss:''' The changings-through are many and varied. You may deploy them from all guards or hews against the fencer that likes to parry and that hew to the sword and not to the openings of the body. You shall learn to deploy it quite well with prudence so that one does not set-on or otherwise come-in while you change-through. Deploy it thusly: When you come to him with the approach, cleave-in strongly above to the head. If he then counter-hews against you into the sword and not to the openings of the body, then let you point slip-through below during the hew before he binds you on the sword and stab him into the other side, etc. If he becomes aware of the stab and shortly drives-after the stab with the sword and will parry, then change-through again to the other side. And always deploy it when he drives to your sword with parrying. Deploy this to both sides, war.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 36r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
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| <p>'''Another play.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Another play.'''</p>
  
<p>When come to him with the onset, set your left foot forward and hold the long point against his face. If he then hews to the sword from above or below and will strike it away or bind-on strongly, then let the point sink downward and change-through and stab him against the other side. And deploy this against all hews where someone hews to your sword and not to the openings of the body.</p>
+
<p>When come to him with the approach, set your left foot forward and hold the long point against his face. If he then hews to the sword from above or below and will strike it away or bind-on strongly, then let the point sink downward and change-through and stab him against the other side. And deploy this against all hews where someone hews to your sword and not to the openings of the body.</p>
 
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|-  
 
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| <p>'''The fourth:''' When you stand as before and he will act as if he will make an over-hew and disengages and will strike you to your left side, then swiftly fall into your setting-aside or going-up into the under-cut. War.</p>
+
| <p>'''The fourth:''' When you stand as before and he will act as if he will make an over-hew and disengages and will strike you to your left side, then swiftly fall into your offsetting or going-up into the under-cut. War.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 40v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
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| <p>'''Work from the seventh stance is the plow with the after'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Work from the seventh stance is the plow with the after'''</p>
  
<p>'''The first:''' When you stand in the plow with the right foot forward and he will run upon you with his sword with strike or thrust, then go straight up and set him aside, step into war, etc. It also goes in the same way with the setting-aside when he runs from his right side. War, etc.</p>
+
<p>'''The first:''' When you stand in the plow with the right foot forward and he will run upon you with his sword with strike or thrust, then go straight up and set him aside, step into war, etc. It also goes in the same way with the offsetting when he runs from his right side. War, etc.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.2º.5 42r.jpg|1|lbl=42r}}
  

Revision as of 18:44, 26 April 2017

Hans Medel von Salzburg

A play from Medel's fencing manual
Born 15th century
Died 16th century
Occupation Fencing master
Citizenship Salzburg, Germany
Movement Liechtenauer tradition
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Manuscript(s) Codex I.6.2º.5 (1539)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Magyar fordítás

Hans Medel von Salzburg (Hans Niedel, Hans Mendel) was an early 16th century German fencing master. Salzburg is a city in northern Austria, and he seems to have operated as a burgher and Schirmmeister there from at least 1503.[1] Little else is known about this master, but he seems to have been associated with the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer. He may have traced his lineage through Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt, a member of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer,[2] as Medel's text is the only known source that mentions the earlier master's teachings.

Medel's name is attached to a manuscript treatise on swordsmanship from 1539, including an incomplete gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital and an addendum on fencing based on "the Seven Stances". This gloss is unique in the Liechtenauer tradition in that it not only offers direct commentary on the Recital, but also demonstrates an awareness of the earlier glosses of Sigmund ain Ringeck (from which a great deal of text is lifted) and Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, and even includes occasional criticisms of and corrections to their teachings. In a few places the gloss specifically describes a teaching of Hans Seydenfaden or Hans Medel, but in several more it merely attributes the teaching to "Master Hans" without indicating which one. This manuscript eventually passed into the library of Paulus Hector Mair, who bound it into the current Codex I.6.2º.5 some time after 1566; unfortunately, the extant fragment of the gloss terminates abruptly at the beginning of the section on Zucken, and the remainder of Medel's gloss is currently lost.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde, vol. 40. Salzburg, 1900. p 177.
  2. The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  3. alt: right
  4. alt: side
  5. alt: defense
  6. the artist/professional doing their work
  7. alt: gladly valuing in the arts
  8. alt: gladly valuing with kindness
  9. alt: right
  10. alt: weapon
  11. eindrohen: to imminently threaten
  12. Zeck: a biting insect, ie: a tick.
  13. alt: closer, sooner
  14. this is usually the term for the severing of limbs/extremities, though can mean hewing while exiting
  15. widerschlagen: to strike against, in a reverberating sense
  16. rechnen: compute, take into account, align
  17. towards
  18. In the standard verse it is 'ab', not 'fast'
  19. severely, precisely, ruthlessly, violently
  20. videlicet: namely; to wit
  21. abhauen: to sever or to hew in exit
  22. alt: high
  23. ausheben: lift out
  24. conjecture, possibly: 'neben'
  25. 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.8 25.9 The text here is hidden by a crease in the page.
  26. ansiegen: to return with victory
  27. glance, discern, glean
  28. Ochs
  29. likes to
  30. Ochs
  31. Ochs
  32. could also mean 'carelessly'
  33. Alternately: strongly, firmly, steadfastly.
  34. the leger or hut
  35. rappen: to gather, to snatch, to seize
  36. no apparent verb here. A similar construction appears below with the added phrase: "set-upon upon the four endings to both sides"
  37. alt: flying
  38. alt: exit
  39. mitmachen: join, unite, combine, participate
  40. alternately: old
  41. marginalia: 'malz' => bad, weak
  42. Or possibly "maler"
  43. Here some pages apparently have been lost, unfortunately.
  44. alt: across
  45. alt: it
  46. alt: inside
  47. alt: misleading
  48. alt: across
  49. alt: open