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Theodori Verolini
Theodori Verolini | |
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Born | 17th century |
Died | after 1679 |
Occupation | Fencing master |
Movement | Freifechter |
Influences | |
Genres | Fencing manual |
Language | New High German |
Notable work(s) | Der Kůnstliche Fechter (1679) |
Theodori Verolini (Theodorus Verolinus) was a 17th century German Freifechter. Little is known about this master's life, but in 1679, he published a fencing manual entitled Der Kůnstliche Fechter ("The Artful Fencer"), a brief overview of the teachings of Joachim Meÿer, possibly via Jakob Sutor von Baden, in addition to the complete grappling teachings of Nicolaes Petter (uncredited in both cases).
Contents
Treatise
Illustrations |
Transcription | |
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The Artful Fencer Or the well-practiced and famous Fencing Master of Old THEODORI VEROLINI. Short though clear description and demonstration of the Free Knightly and Noble Art of Fencing With rappier, dussack and sword From which then along with the attached Art of Grappling Can be learned how in all kinds of occurring situations, with various usual weapons,
the favourable student can be trained to agility, and can encounter his opponent
dexterously. Illustrated in more than 130 displayed Figures and divided into four parts. First part. Würtzburg, by Joann Bencard, Bookseller, 1679. |
[Ttl] Der Kunstilche Fechter: Oder Deß Weyland wohl=geübten und berühmten Fecht=Meisters THEODORI VEROLINI. Kurtze / jedoch klare Beschreibung und Außweisung Der Freyen Ritterlichen und Adelichen Kunst des Fechtens Im Rappier / Dusacken und Schwerd / Wie dann auch mit angehángter Ring=Kunst: Daraus zu lernen / wie sich bey allerhand vorfallenden Gelegenheiten / in allerley gebräuchlichen Wehren / die angenehme Schuler / zur Behendigkeit künstlich mögen abgericht / und ihrem Gegentheil geschicklich begegnen möge. In mehr als CXXX. Abgebildeten Figuren vorge=stellet / und in vier Theil abgetheilt. Ersten Theil: Würtzburg / bey Joann Bencard Buchhändlern / Ⅿ ⅮⅭ ⅬⅩⅩⅨ. | |
Content and clear account of the first part of fencing with the sword and an ordering of the same. I name the beginning the onset, when you set upon the man that you have in front of you. The middle, the working-amongst, or handiwork, when you remain in the bind or longer in your work against the opponent, and harass him with all swiftness. The end, the withdrawal, how a fighter can cut off and away from his opponent without harm. |
[1] Inhalt und klarer Bericht deß ersten Theils Vom Fechten deß Schwerdts, und Ordnung desselben. DEn Anfang nen̄e ich das Zufechten, wann einer gegen dem Man̄, den er vor sich hat, zusicht. Das Mittel die Beyarbeit oder Handarbeit, wan̄ einer im Bund oder lenger in seiner Arbeit wider den Gegenfechter verharret, und ihm mit aller Geschwindigkeit zusetzet. Das Ende den Abzug, wie sich der Fechter von seinem Gegenpart ohne Schaden ab= und weghauen möge. | |
The onset in the beginning happens out of or from the guards with the cuts, which are twofold, namely the main guards and the secondary guards, that arise from the main guards. |
Das Zufechten im Anfang geschicht aus, oder von den Legern mit den Häuwen, welcher zweyerley seynd, nemlich die Hauptleger von den Beyleger, so aus dem hauptleger entspringen. | |
There are four main guards, the Tag or Upper-ward, the Ochs, the Olber, and the Pflug. There are eight secondary guards: Wrath-ward, Break-window, Long-point, Barrier-ward, Unicorn, Key, Iron-gate, Change. But as far as the sword is concerned the cuts are in two sorts, which two are generally named the straight and reverse cuts. The first are called the main or principal cuts, from which all other cuts have their origin, and of these there are four: Upper-, Under-, Middle- and Wrath-cut. The others are called the secondary, or derived cuts, and there are twelve of them, namely Squint-, Crooked-, Shorten-, Glinting-, Bruising-; single and double, Blinding-, Winding-, Crown-, Knuckle-, Plunge-, and Change-cut. From these two are taken the true Master-cuts, which are named so because all masterly and artful devices with the sword are grasped and completed in these, namely Wrath-, Crooked-, Athwart-, Squint-, and Crest-cut. And of all these I will clearly bring to the light how to complete and perform them in their description, when I come to the onset, and speak of the cuts. |
Der Hauptleger seynd viere, der Tag oder Oberhüt, der Ochs, der Olber, und der Pflug. Der Beyleger achte, Zornhüt, Brechfenster, Langort, Schanckhüt, Einhorn, Schlüssel, Eysenport, Wechsel. Der Häuw aber so viel das Schwerdt belangt, sein zweyerley Art, welche beyde in gemein die Gerade und verkehrte Häuw genennt werden. Die erste heissen die Haupt= oder Principal=Häuw, aus welchen alle andere Häuw ihren Ursprung haben, und deren seynd vier, Ober= Under= Mittel= Zornhauw. Die andern werden die bey= oder daraus wachsende Häuw geheissen, deren zwölff seynd, nemlich, Schiel, Krum, Kurtz, Glitz, Brell, Einfach und Dopel, Blend, Wint, Kron, Knichel, Sturtz, Wechselhauw, &c. Auß diesen beyden werden genommen die rechte Meister=Häuw, welche darumb also genennt werden, das alle meisterliche und künstliche Stuck im schwerdt, in solchen begriffen und vollbracht werden, nemlich Zorn, Krum, Zwerch, Schieler, Scheitelhauw, welche alle wie sie vollbracht un̄ gemacht werden sollen, will ich in ihrer Beschreibung, so ich auf das Zufechten komm, und von den Häuwen sag, klärlichen an Tag thun. | |
The handiwork in the middle contains the greatest art, and all swiftness that can occur in fencing. Since this does not only indicate, how you shall bind the sword, wind, change, deceive, travel after, slice, double, let it run off, or in which manner you shall strike around, sling, slide in front, set aside, pull and jerk, block, grapple, run in, throw and press after |
Die bey der Hand=Arbeit im Mittel begreifft die gröste Kunst, und alle Geschwindigkeit die im Fechten kan fürlauffen. Denn ste zeigt nicht allein an, wie man das Schwerdt anbinden, Winden, Wechseln, Verführen, Nachreisen, Schneiden, Doplieren, Ablauffen soll lassen, oder welcher gestalt man umschlagen, Schlaudern, Vorschieben, Absetzen, Zuchen und Rucken, Verstellen, Ringē, Einlauffen, Werffen und nachtringē soll. | |
Of the man and his division. The man is divided into four parts, namely the above and under, and each of these in right and left. How the appearance of someone indicates what parts of him are above and below, and left and right, is explained by the image in Figure A. |
Von dem Manne und desselbigen Theilunge. Der Mann wird abgetheilet in vier Theil, in das Ober und Under, und der jedes in das Recht und Linck, wie der Augenschein solches gibt am Menschen, was an ihme das Oberste und Underste, auch Recht und lincke Theil sey, erklärt das Bild in der Figur A. | |
Of the sword and its division. The blade has two divisions. The first is into the strong and weak. The second into the short and long edge, i.e. front and back. |
Von dem Schwerdt und seiner Außtheilung. Die kling hat zwo Theilungen, der erste ist in der Stärcke und Schwäche, die ander in die kurtze und lange Schneide, das ist forder und hinder. | |
The part from the cross or hilt to the middle of the blade is named the strong of the sword. The weak is from the middle to the end of the same. |
Die Stärck des Schwerdts nennet man den Theil vom Kreutz oder Hefft, biß mitten in die Klinge, die Schwäche von der Mitten biß an das End derselben. | |
In general the sword has four parts as can be seen in Figure A. |
Das Schwerdt in gemein hat vier Theil wie in der Figur A zusehen. | |
The first is named the hilt, and contains the pommel and cross. Expedient for grappling, gripping, and throwing. |
Der erste wird genandt, das hefft begreifft in sich Knopff und Kreutz, zum zum[!] Einlauffen, Ringen, Greiffen, Werffen dienlich. | |
The second, the strong, is useful for slicing, winding, pushing and what is fenced from the strong. |
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The third part is the middle, which is used on every occasion. |
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The fourth is the weak, for changing through, flicking, slinging, for which you will have examples, then. |
Illustrations |
Transcription | |
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Translation | Transcription |
Illustrations |
Transcription | |
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Translation | Transcription |
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
Work | Author(s) | Source | License |
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Illustrations | Herzog August Bibliothek | HROARR: A B C D | |
Translation | |||
Transcription | András Berki | Historical European Martial Arts Coalition |
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