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Martin Syber
Martin Syber | |
---|---|
Born | 15th century (?) |
Died | 15th century (?) |
Occupation | Fencing master |
Genres | Fencing manual |
Language | Early New High German |
Notable work(s) | New Zettel |
Manuscript(s) | MS M.I.29 (1491) MS E.1939.65.341 (1508) MS Varia 82 (1570) |
First printed english edition |
Hull, 2008 |
Concordance by | Michael Chidester |
Translations |
Martin Syber (Mertin Siber, Martein Syber) was a 15th century German fencing master. Hardly anything is known of Syber beyond his New Zettel ("New Epitome"). His surname signifies that he came from a family of sieve makers, but gives us no indication of his birthplace. According to Syber's own account, he learned the art from a variety of masters from across Europe, including men from Bohemia, Brabant (or possibly Provence), England, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Prussia, Russia, and Swabia. The inclusion of his epitome in Codex Speyer and the Glasgow Fechtbuch suggests a connection to the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, and his mention of an "earlier epitome" may be a reference to that of Liechtenauer; however, Syber does not appear on the roll of the Society of Liechtenauer recorded by Paulus Kal in ca. 1470,[1] so the extent of his relationship is unclear.
Syber's epitome comes in the form a cryptic poem, perhaps intended to convey the essence of the art to those who already knew it. Unfortunately, no gloss is currently known to exist for Syber's verse, so its meaning is difficult to decipher. Conversely, it is worth noting that the 16th century Freifechter Joachim Meÿer not only possessed a copy of Syber's verse (which he copied into his final manuscript),[2] but also employed much of the master's unique terminology in his own teachings. Meÿer may thus hold the key to interpreting Syber's techniques.
The Salzburg version of Syber's text is followed by an additional page of verse. This poem shares some common terminology with Syber's epitome and has been attributed to Syber by some authors in the past,[3] but its omission from the other two versions of his text call this attribution into question. In addition, another version of the poem was included in one of Hans Talhoffer's manuscripts almost fifty years earlier,[4] which indicates that if Syber were the author, his career was much earlier than currently believed.
Contents
Treatise
Complete Translation
Open for editing |
Salzburg Version (1491) | Glasgow Version (1508) | Rostock Version (1570)
by Anonymous | |
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[1] Hereafter is written a New Epitome on the longsword, and an excerpt from the previous epitome and many other good devices from the hands of many masters which have been assembled by Master Martin Syber. And it is divided into six rounds. | [1r] Item dye hernach geschriebenn nüwe zettell hat gemacht vnd gesetz meinster mertin Siber vnd ist ein zuck auß mangerley meinster gefechtenn vnd ist geteiltt vnd gesetz In sechs geng | [24v] Hernach geschribn ist ain newe zetl des langen schwerts vnd ein außzug aus der voringen zetl / vnd vil ander guetter stuck võ manches maisters handt / die hat zu samen gesetzt maister Martein Syber vnd ist getailt in segs geng / | [39v] Das hernach geschribenn ist ein newe zetel des lannegnn schwerts und ein auszug aus der vorigenn zetelnn, und vil annder guten stuck, von manches meisters handt, die hat zusamen gesetzt meister Merten Siber, unnd ist getailt in sechs geng, | |
[2] And the Ox and the Plow therein named, along with the Parting hew and various other hews, have a different form and explanation than in the earlier epitome, and are also carried out in a different way. | Vnd in der zittell ist der ochß vnd der pflug vnd scheyttell haulb nicht also als in der ersten zettell des puchs Sunder eyñ ander vß legüng | Vnd der ochß vnd der pflueg darin genant mit sambt ettlichen hewen hat ain ander art vnd auslegung da in der voringen zetl vnd gett auch anderst zu / | Unnd der Ochs und Pflug darin genent, mit sämpt etlichen hewenn, hat ein annder artt, unnd auslegung dan in der vogemelten zetelenn unnd gehet auch anders zu. | |
[1] |
[3] Here begins the foreword and lore of the same New Epitome, and thereafter, the six rounds.
Anyone who wants to earn honor |
Nu hebt sich an dy vor rede vnd lere der zettell dar noch die sechß genng ~
Wer ere will erwerbenn |
Hie hebt sich die vorred an der selben newen zetl / Wer ere wil erwerben |
[40r] Hie hebt sich an die vorrede de selbenn neuenn zetelnn,
Wer ehr will erwerben, |
|
[4] The First Round Has Five Devices
Speed the weak to the right |
Der erst gangck
Snell dy swech züm rechten |
Der Erst ganck hat funff Stück
Schnel die schwech zwm rechten / |
Der erst ganng hat funf stuck.
Schnel die schwech zum rechten, |
|
[5] The Other Round Has Six Devices
Crooked into the strong |
Der ander ganck
Krümb in dy sterck |
Der ander gang hat sechs stuck
Krumb in die sterck / |
[40v] Der ander gang hat Sechs Stuck.
Krump in die sterck, |
|
[6] The Third Round Has Seven Devices
Glance at what comes from the Roof |
[2r] Der tritt ganck
Schil wz von tag kümpt |
[25r] Der trit gang hat Syben Stück
Schil was vom tag kumbt / |
Der drit ganzg hat Sieben stuchk.
Schil was vom tak kumbt, |
|
[7] The Fourth Round Has Five Devices
Thrust through the Ox |
Der virdt ganck
Den ochßenn durch stos |
Der viert gang hat fünff Stück
Den ochsen durch stoß / |
Der vierd ganng hat fünf stuck
Den Ochsen durchstos, |
[70] |
[8] The Fifth Round Has Five Devices
Thrust through the long point |
Der funfft ganck
Durch stich den langenn ortt |
Der fünff gangk hat fu~nff stuck
Durch schreich den langen orth / |
Der fünft gang hat fünf stuck.
Durchstreich denn lanngenn ort, |
[80] |
[9] The Sixth Round has Four Devices
From the Roof drive through long |
Der sechst ganck
Vom tag lang durch var |
Das sechs ganck hatt vier stuck
Vom tag lang dürch far / |
Der Sechst gang hat vier stuck.
Vom tag lang durch far, |
[10] Here the New Epitome has an end.
Martin Syber's Epitome with the six rounds which he has put together were used in fencing by many Masters; who knows and understands them well is to be praised as a good Master of the Long Sword, better than many other Masters. |
Finis etc | Finis huig materie | Hie hat die new zetel ein enndt.
Mertenn Sibers zeteln mit denn 6 gengen, Als ers zusamenn gesetzt hat, vonn mancherley meisters, gefecht, wer die wol kann, und verstehet, ist wol zu breysenn für ein gutenn meister des lannngenn schwerts vor vil andern meisternn. |
Additional Resources
- Hull, Jeffrey. "The Longsword Fight Lore of Mertin Siber." Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts. Ed. Jeffrey Hull. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3
References
- ↑ Kal, Paulus. Untitled [manuscript]. Cgm 1507. Munich, Germany: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, 1470.
- ↑ Meÿer, Joachim. Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss [manuscript]. MS Varia 82. Rostock, Germany: Universitätsbibliothek Rostock, 1570.
- ↑ Hull, Jeffrey. "Mertin Siber’s Longsword Fight-Lore of 1491 AD: a thesis on the Fechtlehre from Handschrift M I 29 (Codex Speyer) at the University of Salzburg in Austria". The Association for Renaissance Martial Arts, 2005. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
- ↑ Talhoffer, Hans. Untitled [manuscript]. MS Thott 290.2º. Copenhagen, Denmark: Det Kongelige Bibliotek, 1459.