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| archetype            = Currently lost
 
| archetype            = Currently lost
 
| manuscript(s)        = {{plainlist
 
| manuscript(s)        = {{plainlist
  | [[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227a]] (ca. 1400s)
+
  | [[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227<sup>a</sup>]] (ca. 1400s)
 
  | [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (1508)
 
  | [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (1508)
 
}}
 
}}
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| below                =  
 
| below                =  
 
}}
 
}}
'''Andres Juden''' (Andres "the Jew"), '''Jobs von der Nissen''', '''Nicklass Preußen''', and the priest '''Hans Döbringer''' are four [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]s who stood in the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]] in the 14th or [[century::15th century]]. None of these men is mentioned by [[Paulus Kal]] as being a member of the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]] with the possible exception of Andres the Jew (which could be a reference to [[Andre Liegniczer]]). Attributed to these four masters is an addendum to Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on the [[long sword]] which offers advice on fencing and discusses techniques from a position called [[iron gate]] (''Eisen Pforte''). [[Andre Paurñfeyndt]] also treated fencing from this guard in his treatise (sometimes included as an addendum to the gloss of [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]), but there is little technical overlap between the two works.
+
'''Andres Juden''' (Andres "the Jew"), '''Jobs von der Nissen''', '''Nicklass Preußen''', and the priest '''Hans Döbringer''' are four [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]s who stood in the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]] in the 14th or [[century::15th century]]. None of these men is mentioned by [[Paulus Kal]] as being a member of the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]] with the possible exception of Andres the Jew (which could be a reference to [[Andre Lignitzer]]). Attributed to these four masters is an addendum to Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on the [[long sword]] which offers advice on fencing and discusses techniques from a position called [[iron gate]] (''Eisen Pforte''). [[Andre Paurenfeyndt]] also treated fencing from this guard in his treatise (sometimes included as an addendum to the gloss of [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]), but there is little technical overlap between the two works.
  
 
== Treatise ==
 
== Treatise ==
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  | width = 90em
 
  | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated master"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Translation (from the Nuremberg)}}<br/>by [[translator::Thomas Stoeppler]]</p>
+
! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Translation (from the Nuremberg)}}<br/>by [[Thomas Stoeppler]]</p>
! <p>[[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|Nuremberg Transcription]] (ca. 1389){{edit index|Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|Nuremberg Version]] (ca. 1389){{edit index|Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Version]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <poem><small>[1]</small>
+
| <small>[1]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[5]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[10]</small>
 
+
| If he is a bold man / <br/>&emsp;Who also likes to dare<br/>To learn the art of the sword / <br/>&emsp;and also wishes to practice it seriously<br/>Because it is a gentleman´s game / <br/>&emsp;and brings lots of pleasure and fun<br/>And before knights and squires / <br/>&emsp;so that he can fence well<br/>I will give him three pieces of advice / <br/>&emsp;which he should always adhere to
 
 
 
 
<small>[5]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[10]</small></poem>
 
| <poem>If he is a bold man /  
 
:Who also likes to dare
 
To learn the art of the sword /  
 
:and also wishes to practice it seriously
 
Because it is a gentleman´s game /  
 
:and brings lots of pleasure and fun
 
And before knights and squires /  
 
:so that he can fence well
 
I will give him three pieces of advice /  
 
:which he should always adhere to</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|1|lbl=43r}}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|1|lbl=43r}}
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{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <poem>&nbsp;
+
| <br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[15]</small>
 
+
| The first advice is also good / <br/>&emsp;whoever fences easily<br/>wittily and without all wrath / <br/>&emsp;this fencer seldom will lose<br/>If he additionally fences according to the teachings / <br/>&emsp;he will win even more
 
 
 
 
<small>[15]</small></poem>
 
|  
 
<poem>The first advice is also good /  
 
:whoever fences easily
 
wittily and without all wrath /  
 
:this fencer seldom will lose
 
If he additionally fences according to the teachings /  
 
:he will win even more</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <poem>&nbsp;
+
| <br/><br/><br/><small>[20]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[25]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[30]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[35]</small>
 
+
| The second advice is this / <br/>&emsp;and I will tell you now<br/>No man should be too stupid / <br/>&emsp;if the fight is likely to be lost<br/>Trying to defeat four or six / <br/>&emsp;will often bring much damage<br/>Because often he will receive a strike / <br/>&emsp;that he cannot parry<br/>So he will have to take it / <br/>&emsp;and also take the mock and the damage<br/>Because these little fools / <br/>&emsp;often want to be the best<br/>And this is no real bravery / <br/>&emsp;but a great stupidity<br/>Who wants to stand against four or six / <br/>&emsp;will just realize that they will get him<br/>Just like if he had bought it this way / <br/>&emsp;He should rather stay in a bed<br/>And should have run away and lie down / <br/>&emsp;instead of practicing this foolishness
 
 
<small>[20]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[25]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[30]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[35]</small></poem>
 
|  
 
<poem>The second advice is this /  
 
:and I will tell you now
 
No man should be too stupid /  
 
:if the fight is likely to be lost
 
Trying to defeat four or six /  
 
:will often bring much damage
 
Because often he will receive a strike /  
 
:that he cannot parry
 
So he will have to take it /  
 
:and also take the mock and the damage
 
Because these little fools /  
 
:often want to be the best
 
And this is no real bravery /  
 
:but a great stupidity
 
Who wants to stand against four or six /  
 
:will just realize that they will get him
 
Just like if he had bought it this way /  
 
:He should rather stay in a bed
 
And should have run away and lie down /  
 
:instead of practicing this foolishness</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
|  
 
|  
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{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <poem>&nbsp;
+
| <br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[40]</small>
 
+
| It does often happen that a man / <br/>&emsp;has to stand against four or six<br/><br/>It is preferable if he manages to leave <br/>&emsp;by being knightly and wittily<br/>And so he may stand against all men / <br/>&emsp;Rightfully against a brave man
 
 
 
 
<small>[40]</small></poem>
 
|  
 
<poem>It does often happen that a man /  
 
:has to stand against four or six
 
 
 
It is preferable if he manages to leave  
 
:by being knightly and wittily
 
And so he may stand against all men /  
 
:Rightfully against a brave man</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <poem>&nbsp;
+
| <br/><br/><small>[45]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[50]</small>
 
+
| So all hear / <br/>&emsp;everyone without fear<br/>Fridank the wise man / <br/>&emsp;tells this to everyone<br/>He should be called a brave man / <br/>&emsp;who can stand against his equal<br/>I will praise him in all cities / <br/>&emsp;rightfully without rebuke<br/>Free from daringness and overstatement / <br/>&emsp;that he is a real bold man.
<small>[45]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[50]</small></poem>
 
|  
 
<poem>So all hear /  
 
:everyone without fear
 
Fridank the wise man /  
 
:tells this to everyone
 
He should be called a brave man /  
 
:who can stand against his equal
 
I will praise him in all cities /  
 
:rightfully without rebuke
 
Free from daringness and overstatement /  
 
:that he is a real bold man.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <poem>&nbsp;
+
| <br/><br/><small>[55]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[60]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[65]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[70]</small>
 
+
| I will give you the third advice / <br/>&emsp;you should not learn fencing<br/>To overpower someone with your art / <br/>&emsp;for unjust reasons<br/>furthermore you should not / <br/>&emsp;fence with a pious man / <br/>except there is real need.<br/>&emsp;If this happens and <br/>no man attacks for no reason / <br/>&emsp;If you wish to succeed<br/>In all fencing, I advise / <br/>&emsp;really do not rely too much upon your art<br/>And have the highest righteous fencer / in your minds eye <br/>&emsp;So that he may protect you in your art<br/>And practice your art for emergencies / in the right way<br/>&emsp;And not for nothing or out of foolishness<br/>So you may succeed always / <br/>&emsp;because a fencer / is a good and righteous man.
<small>[55]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[60]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[65]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[70]</small></poem>
 
|  
 
<poem>I will give you the third advice /  
 
:you should not learn fencing
 
To overpower someone with your art /  
 
:for unjust reasons
 
furthermore you should not /  
 
:fence with a pious man /  
 
except there is real need.
 
:If this happens and  
 
no man attacks for no reason /  
 
:If you wish to succeed
 
In all fencing, I advise /  
 
:really do not rely too much upon your art
 
And have the highest righteous fencer / in your minds eye  
 
:So that he may protect you in your art
 
And practice your art for emergencies / in the right way
 
:And not for nothing or out of foolishness
 
So you may succeed always /  
 
:because a fencer / is a good and righteous man.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
|  
 
|  
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{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <poem>&nbsp;
+
| <br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[75]</small>
 
+
| Fencing has been invented / <br/>&emsp;to be seriously practiced<br/>And in good real grace / <br/>&emsp;it brings agility wits and smartness<br/>And also it happens often that a man / <br/>&emsp;has to stand for his honor, body and goods.<br/>If he is then victorious with his art in a knightly manner <br/>&emsp;and with god and rightfully I praise.<br/>[End]
 
 
 
 
<small>[75]</small></poem>
 
|  
 
<poem>Fencing has been invented /  
 
:to be seriously practiced
 
And in good real grace /  
 
:because it brings agility wits and smartness
 
And also it happens often that a man /  
 
:has to stand for his honor, body and goods.
 
If he is then victorious with his art in a knightly manner  
 
:and with god and rightfully I praise.
 
[End]</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <poem>&nbsp;
+
| <br/><small>[80]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[85]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[90]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[95]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[100]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[105]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[110]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[115]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[120]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[125]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[130]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[135]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[140]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[145]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[150]</small>
<small>[80]</small>
+
| Here now begins really, <br/>&emsp;the best of all techniques<br/>Of the aforementioned masters <br/>&emsp;and I will tell it to you now<br/>It is called the iron gate <br/>&emsp;and you will instantly understand it in melee<br/>If you are beset with four <br/>&emsp;or six impertinent peasants<br/>Place in front whichever foot you want <br/>&emsp;and with the gate make a barrier<br/>And put the point on the ground / <br/>&emsp;now hear what you should do<br/>See to it that they stay <br/>&emsp;all in front of your face<br/>And no one comes behind you<br/>&emsp;Now hear what you should do<br/>Whatever they strike or thrust <br/>&emsp;against you, weak them with absetzten<br/>Strongly upwards from the ground / <br/>&emsp;so you will put them to shame<br/>And you should move against them with the Pfobenzagel / <br/>&emsp;no no one will stay in front of you<br/>Strike defensively from below with parries / <br/>&emsp;with changing strikes quickly strike them<br/>And with the Krauthacke <br/>&emsp;you can well annoy them<br/>But I warn you especially / <br/>&emsp;do not stand to face them as they come for you <br/>If you don’t intend to be a lost man / <br/>&emsp;never you should stop<br/>If someone reaches you first / <br/>&emsp;he is at the end of the line<br/>And against him you should step / <br/>&emsp;to your left side<br/>And strike him a blow / <br/>&emsp;he can not defend<br/>And if they come again / <br/>&emsp;against you as before<br/>Pick out the one at the end of the line / <br/>&emsp;so you will not fail<br/>You strike down one after another / <br/>&emsp;but do not hurry too much<br/>Strike them in this manner, one after another, <br/>&emsp;and you will succeed without danger<br/>However as you have already heard / <br/>&emsp;as it has appeared in the preface<br/>It is difficult to fight for so long / <br/>&emsp;four or six usually defeat you<br/>That’s why I will advise you / <br/>&emsp;if you also wish to follow my teaching<br/>So that you jump or run <br/>&emsp;straight to the one at the end,<br/>before the others turn <br/>&emsp;against you as before<br/>so you may learn and consider / <br/>&emsp;if you wish to get away from him <br/>without any damage<br/>&emsp;So leap instantly from him as I say<br/>Because it is no shame <br/>&emsp;to flee before four or six or more<br/>Now if you begin / <br/>&emsp;to run and jump from him<br/>Throw your sword across / <br/>&emsp;well behind over your head<br/>And run as fast as you can / <br/>&emsp;Now the one who chases you fastest<br/>And as soon as you think is he is near you / <br/>&emsp;leap sideways out of the way<br/>So he will follow you quickly <br/>&emsp;and will be in great hurry<br/>So he can not hold against you<ref>Does not expect your attack</ref><br/>&emsp;Thus you strike him down as you wish.<br/>[End]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[85]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[90]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[95]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[100]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[105]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[110]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[115]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[120]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[125]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[130]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[135]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[140]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[145]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[150]</small></poem>
 
| <poem>Here now begins really,  
 
:the best of all techniques
 
Of the aforementioned masters  
 
:and I will tell it to you now
 
It is called the iron gate  
 
:and you will instantly understand it in melee
 
If you are beset with four  
 
:or six impertinent peasants
 
Place in front whichever foot you want  
 
:and with the gate make a barrier
 
And put the point on the ground /  
 
:now hear what you should do
 
See to it that they stay  
 
:all in front of your face
 
And no one comes behind you
 
:Now hear what you should do
 
Whatever they strike or thrust  
 
:against you, weak them with absetzten
 
Strongly upwards from the ground /  
 
:so you will put them to shame
 
And you should move against them with the Pfobenzagel /  
 
:no no one will stay in front of you
 
Strike defensively from below with parries /  
 
:with changing strikes quickly strike them
 
And with the Krauthacke  
 
:you can well annoy them
 
But I warn you especially /  
 
:do not stand to face them as they come for you  
 
If you don’t intend to be a lost man /  
 
:never you should stop
 
If someone reaches you first /  
 
:he is at the end of the line
 
And against him you should step /  
 
:to your left side
 
And strike him a blow /  
 
:he can not defend
 
And if they come again /  
 
:against you as before
 
Pick out the one at the end of the line /  
 
:so you will not fail
 
You strike down one after another /  
 
:but do not hurry too much
 
Strike them in this manner, one after another,  
 
:and you will succeed without danger
 
However as you have already heard /  
 
:as it has appeared in the preface
 
It is difficult to fight for so long /  
 
:four or six usually defeat you
 
That’s why I will advise you /  
 
:if you also wish to follow my teaching
 
So that you jump or run  
 
:straight to the one at the end,
 
before the others turn  
 
:against you as before
 
so you may learn and consider /  
 
:if you wish to get away from him  
 
without any damage
 
:So leap instantly from him as I say
 
Because it is no shame  
 
:to flee before four or six or more
 
Now if you begin /  
 
:to run and jump from him
 
Throw your sword across /  
 
:well behind over your head
 
And run as fast as you can /  
 
:Now the one who chases you fastest
 
And as soon as you think is he is near you /  
 
:leap sideways out of the way
 
So he will follow you quickly  
 
:and will be in great hurry
 
So he can not hold against you<ref>Does not expect your attack</ref>
 
:Thus you strike him down as you wish.
 
[End]</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
|  
 
|  
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| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Barrier Guard}}</p>
 
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Barrier Guard}}</p>
  
<p>One technique is called the ''Schrankhut'' (barrier guard) and comes from the point so that you put the point down to the ground to whichever side you want and thus you place yourself to the Absetzen. It may also be don from the gate when someone puts the point down to the ground in front of himself. And now if someone strikes or thrusts you so grab the point of the opponents sword while moving upwards with the Absetzen and strike him low to his feet or above or wherever he may hit him best. And this is also similar to the Krauthacke<ref>* the text says "Pfobenzagel" yet the description is that of the Krauthacke.</ref> if someone strikes permanently up and down and hits wherever he likes.</p>
+
<p>One technique is called the ''Schrankhut'' (barrier guard) and comes from the point so that you put the point down to the ground to whichever side you want and thus you place yourself to the Absetzen. It may also be don from the gate when someone puts the point down to the ground in front of himself. And now if someone strikes or thrusts you so grab the point of the opponents sword while moving upwards with the Absetzen and strike him low to his feet or above or wherever he may hit him best. And this is also similar to the Krauthacke<ref>The text says "Pfobenzagel" yet the description is that of the Krauthacke.</ref> if someone strikes permanently up and down and hits wherever he likes.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[12] And better aim for the high openings than the low, and move in over his hilt and remember the already written teaching. First of all so that you gain the Vorschlag and as soon as you do it so do the Nachschlag with moving in. And do these without delay in between just as if you would do them both at the same time if possible and permanently do one after another quickly and bravely, so that if one misses the other hits, so that your adversary does not come to strikes.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[12] And better aim for the high openings than the low, and move in over his hilt and remember the already written teaching. First of all so that you gain the Vorschlag and as soon as you do it so do the Nachschlag with moving in. And do these without delay in between just as if you would do them both at the same time if possible and permanently do one after another quickly and bravely, so that if one misses the other hits, so that your adversary does not come to strikes.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 52v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS 3227a 52v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
  
 
|}
 
|}
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{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = Translation
 
| work        = Translation
| authors    = [[Thomas Stoeppler]]
+
| authors    = [[translator::Thomas Stoeppler]]
 
| source link =  
 
| source link =  
 
| source title= Private communication
 
| source title= Private communication
Line 557: Line 272:
 
== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
* [[Grzegorz Żabiński|Żabiński, Grzegorz]]. "Unarmored Longsword Combat by Master Liechtenauer via Priest Döbringer." ''Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts''. Ed. [[Jeffrey Hull]]. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3
+
{{bibliography}}
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
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{{Liechtenauer tradition}}
 
{{Liechtenauer tradition}}
 
__FORCETOC__
 
__FORCETOC__
 
+
[[Category:Orphan Treatise]]
[[Category:Nonmaster]]
 
  
 
[[Category:German]]
 
[[Category:German]]
  
 
[[Category:Longsword]]
 
[[Category:Longsword]]
 +
 +
[[Category:New format]]
 +
[[Category:Modular display candidate]]

Latest revision as of 19:19, 26 August 2024

Ettlicher Maistern Gefechte
The Other Fencing Masters
Author(s)
Date late 1300s (?)
Language Early New High German
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Żabiński, 2008
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Andres Juden (Andres "the Jew"), Jobs von der Nissen, Nicklass Preußen, and the priest Hans Döbringer are four German fencing masters who stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer in the 14th or 15th century. None of these men is mentioned by Paulus Kal as being a member of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer with the possible exception of Andres the Jew (which could be a reference to Andre Lignitzer). Attributed to these four masters is an addendum to Liechtenauer's Recital on the long sword which offers advice on fencing and discusses techniques from a position called iron gate (Eisen Pforte). Andre Paurenfeyndt also treated fencing from this guard in his treatise (sometimes included as an addendum to the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck), but there is little technical overlap between the two works.

Treatise

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. Word order reversed, the correct order indicated by markings is used here.
  2. The rest of the line disappears in the binding
  3. Does not expect your attack
  4. The text says "Pfobenzagel" yet the description is that of the Krauthacke.