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{{Infobox medieval text
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{{infobox medieval text
<!-- --------Name---------->
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<!-----------Name---------->
 
| name                  = [[name::Ettlicher Maistern Gefechte]]
 
| name                  = [[name::Ettlicher Maistern Gefechte]]
| alternative title(s)  = The Other Master Swordsmen
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| alternative title(s)  = The Other Fencing Masters
 
<!----------Image---------->
 
<!----------Image---------->
 
| image                =  
 
| image                =  
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| dedicated to          =  
 
| dedicated to          =  
 
| audience              =  
 
| audience              =  
| language              = [[language::Middle High German]]
+
| language              = [[language::Early New High German]]
| date                  = late 1300s
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| date                  = late 1300s (?)
 
| date of issue        =  
 
| date of issue        =  
 
| provenance            =  
 
| provenance            =  
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| archetype            = Currently lost
 
| archetype            = Currently lost
 
| manuscript(s)        = {{plainlist
 
| manuscript(s)        = {{plainlist
  | [[Codex Döbringer (MS 3227a)|MS 3227a]] (ca. 1389)
+
  | [[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227<sup>a</sup>]] (ca. 1400s)
 
  | [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (1508)
 
  | [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (1508)
 
}}
 
}}
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| below                =  
 
| below                =  
 
}}
 
}}
'''Andres Juden''' (Andres "the Jew"), the priest '''Hans Döbringer''', '''Jobs von der Nissen''', and '''Nicklass Preußen''' are four [[century::14th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]s in the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]. None of these men is mentioned by [[Paulus Kal]] as being a member of the [[Society of Liechtenauer]] with the possible exception of Andres the Jew (which could be a reference to [[Andre Liegniczer]]).
+
'''Andres Juden''' (Andres "the Jew"), '''Jobs von der Nissen''', '''Nicklass Preußen''', and the priest '''Hans Döbringer''' are four [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]s who stood in the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]] in the 14th or [[century::15th century]]. None of these men is mentioned by [[Paulus Kal]] as being a member of the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]] with the possible exception of Andres the Jew (which could be a reference to [[Andre Lignitzer]]). Attributed to these four masters is an addendum to Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on the [[long sword]] which offers advice on fencing and discusses techniques from a position called [[iron gate]] (''Eisen Pforte''). [[Andre Paurenfeyndt]] also treated fencing from this guard in his treatise (sometimes included as an addendum to the gloss of [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]), but there is little technical overlap between the two works.
 
 
Attributed to these four masters is an addendum to Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] which primarily discusses fencing from the guard ''[[Eisen Pforte]]'' ("the iron gate"), a variant on ''[[Alber]]''. [[Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck]] also treated fencing from this guard in his addendum to Liechtenauer's teachings, but there is little technical overlap between the two teachings.
 
  
 
== Treatise ==
 
== Treatise ==
  
 
{{master begin
 
{{master begin
  | title = [[Long sword]]
+
  | title = Long Sword
  | width = 87em
+
  | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="wikitable floated master"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! style="width:3em;" |
 
 
! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Translation (from the Nuremberg)}}<br/>by [[Thomas Stoeppler]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Translation (from the Nuremberg)}}<br/>by [[Thomas Stoeppler]]</p>
! <p>[[Codex Döbringer (MS 3227a)|Nuremberg Transcription]] (ca. 1389){{edit index|Codex Döbringer (MS 3227a)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|Nuremberg Version]] (ca. 1389){{edit index|Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Version]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p><br/><br/><br/></p>
 
<poem><small>[1]</small>
 
 
 
 
<small>[5]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[10]</small></poem>
 
 
| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begin the fencing techniques of the other masters: Hanko priest of Doebringen, Andre the Jew, Josts from the neice, Niclas of prussia.}}</p>
 
| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begin the fencing techniques of the other masters: Hanko priest of Doebringen, Andre the Jew, Josts from the neice, Niclas of prussia.}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<poem>If he is a bold man /  
+
|-
:Who also likes to dare
+
| <small>[1]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[5]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[10]</small>
To learn the art of the sword /  
+
| If he is a bold man / <br/>&emsp;Who also likes to dare<br/>To learn the art of the sword / <br/>&emsp;and also wishes to practice it seriously<br/>Because it is a gentleman´s game / <br/>&emsp;and brings lots of pleasure and fun<br/>And before knights and squires / <br/>&emsp;so that he can fence well<br/>I will give him three pieces of advice / <br/>&emsp;which he should always adhere to
:and also wishes to practice it seriously
+
|}
Because it is a gentleman´s game /  
 
:and brings lots of pleasure and fun
 
And before knights and squires /  
 
:so that he can fence well
 
I will give him three pieces of advice /  
 
:which he should always adhere to</poem>
 
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|1|lbl=43r}}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|1|lbl=43r}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|1|lbl=27r}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|1|lbl=27r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <poem>&nbsp;
 
 
 
 
<small>[15]</small></poem>
 
 
|  
 
|  
<poem>[2] The first advice is also good /  
+
{| class="zettel"
:whoever fences easily
+
|-
wittily and without all wrath /  
+
| <br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[15]</small>
:this fencer seldom will loose
+
| The first advice is also good / <br/>&emsp;whoever fences easily<br/>wittily and without all wrath / <br/>&emsp;this fencer seldom will lose<br/>If he additionally fences according to the teachings / <br/>&emsp;he will win even more
If he additionally fences according to the teachings /  
+
|}
:he will win even more</poem>
 
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <poem>&nbsp;
 
 
 
<small>[20]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[25]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[30]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[35]</small></poem>
 
 
|  
 
|  
<poem>[3] The second advice is this /  
+
{| class="zettel"
:and I will tell you now
+
|-
No man should be too stupid /  
+
| <br/><br/><br/><small>[20]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[25]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[30]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[35]</small>
:if the fight is likely to be lost
+
| The second advice is this / <br/>&emsp;and I will tell you now<br/>No man should be too stupid / <br/>&emsp;if the fight is likely to be lost<br/>Trying to defeat four or six / <br/>&emsp;will often bring much damage<br/>Because often he will receive a strike / <br/>&emsp;that he cannot parry<br/>So he will have to take it / <br/>&emsp;and also take the mock and the damage<br/>Because these little fools / <br/>&emsp;often want to be the best<br/>And this is no real bravery / <br/>&emsp;but a great stupidity<br/>Who wants to stand against four or six / <br/>&emsp;will just realize that they will get him<br/>Just like if he had bought it this way / <br/>&emsp;He should rather stay in a bed<br/>And should have run away and lie down / <br/>&emsp;instead of practicing this foolishness
Trying to defeat four or six /  
+
|}
:will often bring much damage
 
Because often he will receive a strike /  
 
:that he cannot parry
 
So he will have to take it /  
 
:and also take the mock and the damage
 
Because these little fools /  
 
:often want to be the best
 
And this is no real bravery /  
 
:but a great stupidity
 
Who wants to stand against four or six /  
 
:will just realize that they will get him
 
Just like if he had bought it this way /  
 
:He should rather stay in a bed
 
And should have run away and lie down /  
 
:instead of practicing this foolishness</poem>
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|1|lbl=43v|p=1}}
 
{{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|1|lbl=43v|p=1}}
Line 163: Line 103:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <poem>&nbsp;
 
 
 
 
<small>[40]</small></poem>
 
 
|  
 
|  
<poem>[4] It does often happen that a man /  
+
{| class="zettel"
:has to stand against four or six
+
|-
 
+
| <br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[40]</small>
It is preferable if he manages to leave  
+
| It does often happen that a man / <br/>&emsp;has to stand against four or six<br/><br/>It is preferable if he manages to leave <br/>&emsp;by being knightly and wittily<br/>And so he may stand against all men / <br/>&emsp;Rightfully against a brave man
:by being knightly and wittily
+
|}
And so he may stand against all men /  
 
:Rightfully against a brave man</poem>
 
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <poem>&nbsp;
 
 
<small>[45]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[50]</small></poem>
 
 
|  
 
|  
<poem>[5] So all hear /  
+
{| class="zettel"
:everyone without fear
+
|-
Fridank the wise man /  
+
| <br/><br/><small>[45]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[50]</small>
:tells this to everyone
+
| So all hear / <br/>&emsp;everyone without fear<br/>Fridank the wise man / <br/>&emsp;tells this to everyone<br/>He should be called a brave man / <br/>&emsp;who can stand against his equal<br/>I will praise him in all cities / <br/>&emsp;rightfully without rebuke<br/>Free from daringness and overstatement / <br/>&emsp;that he is a real bold man.
He should be called a brave man /  
+
|}
:who can stand against his equal
 
I will praise him in all cities /  
 
:rightfully without rebuke
 
Free from daringness and overstatement /  
 
:that he is a real bold man.</poem>
 
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <poem>&nbsp;
 
 
<small>[55]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[60]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[65]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[70]</small></poem>
 
 
|  
 
|  
<poem>[6] I will give you the third advice /  
+
{| class="zettel"
:you should not learn fencing
+
|-
To overpower someone with your art /  
+
| <br/><br/><small>[55]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[60]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[65]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[70]</small>
:for unjust reasons
+
| I will give you the third advice / <br/>&emsp;you should not learn fencing<br/>To overpower someone with your art / <br/>&emsp;for unjust reasons<br/>furthermore you should not / <br/>&emsp;fence with a pious man / <br/>except there is real need.<br/>&emsp;If this happens and <br/>no man attacks for no reason / <br/>&emsp;If you wish to succeed<br/>In all fencing, I advise / <br/>&emsp;really do not rely too much upon your art<br/>And have the highest righteous fencer / in your minds eye <br/>&emsp;So that he may protect you in your art<br/>And practice your art for emergencies / in the right way<br/>&emsp;And not for nothing or out of foolishness<br/>So you may succeed always / <br/>&emsp;because a fencer / is a good and righteous man.
furthermore you should not /  
+
|}
:fence with a pious man /  
 
except there is real need.
 
:If this happens and  
 
no man attacks for no reason /  
 
:If you wish to succeed
 
In all fencing, I advise /  
 
:really do not rely too much upon your art
 
And have the highest righteous fencer / in your minds eye  
 
:So that he may protect you in your art
 
And practice your art for emergencies / in the right way
 
:And not for nothing or out of foolishness
 
So you may succeed always /  
 
:because a fencer / is a good and righteous man.</poem>
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|1|lbl=44r|p=1}}
 
{{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|1|lbl=44r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <poem>&nbsp;
 
 
 
 
<small>[75]</small></poem>
 
 
|  
 
|  
<poem>[7] Fencing has been invented /  
+
{| class="zettel"
:to be seriously practiced
+
|-
And in good real grace /  
+
| <br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[75]</small>
:because it brings agility wits and smartness
+
| Fencing has been invented / <br/>&emsp;to be seriously practiced<br/>And in good real grace / <br/>&emsp;it brings agility wits and smartness<br/>And also it happens often that a man / <br/>&emsp;has to stand for his honor, body and goods.<br/>If he is then victorious with his art in a knightly manner <br/>&emsp;and with god and rightfully I praise.<br/>[End]
And also it happens often that a man /  
+
|}
:has to stand for his honor, body and goods.
 
If he is then victorious with his art in a knightly manner  
 
:and with god and rightfully I praise.
 
[End]</poem>
 
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[2] Here learn and know, that I will not mention many of these master fencing techniques because you can find them before and completely in Liechtenauer's art and fencing, according to real art. However for the sake of practice and school fencing I will briefly and simply describe some techniques and methods of their fencing.</p>
| [8] Here learn and know, that I will not mention many of these master fencing techniques because you can find them before and completely in Liechtenauers art and fencing, according to real art. However for the sake of practice and school fencing I will briefly and simply describe some techniques and methods of their fencing.
 
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p><br/></p>
+
| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|This is regarding the Iron Gate}}</p>
<poem>&nbsp;
+
{| class="zettel"
<small>[80]</small>
+
|-
 +
| <br/><small>[80]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[85]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[90]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[95]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[100]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[105]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[110]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[115]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[120]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[125]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[130]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[135]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[140]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[145]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[150]</small>
 +
| Here now begins really, <br/>&emsp;the best of all techniques<br/>Of the aforementioned masters <br/>&emsp;and I will tell it to you now<br/>It is called the iron gate <br/>&emsp;and you will instantly understand it in melee<br/>If you are beset with four <br/>&emsp;or six impertinent peasants<br/>Place in front whichever foot you want <br/>&emsp;and with the gate make a barrier<br/>And put the point on the ground / <br/>&emsp;now hear what you should do<br/>See to it that they stay <br/>&emsp;all in front of your face<br/>And no one comes behind you<br/>&emsp;Now hear what you should do<br/>Whatever they strike or thrust <br/>&emsp;against you, weak them with absetzten<br/>Strongly upwards from the ground / <br/>&emsp;so you will put them to shame<br/>And you should move against them with the Pfobenzagel / <br/>&emsp;no no one will stay in front of you<br/>Strike defensively from below with parries / <br/>&emsp;with changing strikes quickly strike them<br/>And with the Krauthacke <br/>&emsp;you can well annoy them<br/>But I warn you especially / <br/>&emsp;do not stand to face them as they come for you <br/>If you don’t intend to be a lost man / <br/>&emsp;never you should stop<br/>If someone reaches you first / <br/>&emsp;he is at the end of the line<br/>And against him you should step / <br/>&emsp;to your left side<br/>And strike him a blow / <br/>&emsp;he can not defend<br/>And if they come again / <br/>&emsp;against you as before<br/>Pick out the one at the end of the line / <br/>&emsp;so you will not fail<br/>You strike down one after another / <br/>&emsp;but do not hurry too much<br/>Strike them in this manner, one after another, <br/>&emsp;and you will succeed without danger<br/>However as you have already heard / <br/>&emsp;as it has appeared in the preface<br/>It is difficult to fight for so long / <br/>&emsp;four or six usually defeat you<br/>That’s why I will advise you / <br/>&emsp;if you also wish to follow my teaching<br/>So that you jump or run <br/>&emsp;straight to the one at the end,<br/>before the others turn <br/>&emsp;against you as before<br/>so you may learn and consider / <br/>&emsp;if you wish to get away from him <br/>without any damage<br/>&emsp;So leap instantly from him as I say<br/>Because it is no shame <br/>&emsp;to flee before four or six or more<br/>Now if you begin / <br/>&emsp;to run and jump from him<br/>Throw your sword across / <br/>&emsp;well behind over your head<br/>And run as fast as you can / <br/>&emsp;Now the one who chases you fastest<br/>And as soon as you think is he is near you / <br/>&emsp;leap sideways out of the way<br/>So he will follow you quickly <br/>&emsp;and will be in great hurry<br/>So he can not hold against you<ref>Does not expect your attack</ref><br/>&emsp;Thus you strike him down as you wish.<br/>[End]
 +
|}
 +
|
 +
{{paget|page:MS 3227a|44v|jpg|p=1}}<br/>{{paget|page:MS 3227a|45r|jpg|p=1}}<br/>{{paget|page:MS 3227a|45v|jpg|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 028r.jpg|1|lbl=28r|p=1}}<br/>{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 028v.jpg|1|lbl=28v|p=1}}
  
 +
|-
 +
| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|The Asp's Tongue or "From the Point"}}</p>
  
 +
<p>One technique is called the ''Natterzunge'' (asp´s tongue) and comes from the changing-through (or from the point). It done so that one stands in the point (''Langort'') and works like just as if he intends to change through by threatening to thrust with the point to both sides above the hilt so that he always and constantly aims and threats with the point. And thus you confuse him so that he does not know where you want to hit. And as soon he sees where he can hit his adversary best there he moves in with the point with a perfect thrust; and this has to be done fast so one does not defend against it.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
  
 +
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 47r.jpg|1|lbl=47r}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 028v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
<small>[85]</small>
+
|-
 +
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|The Herb Hoe}}</p>
  
 +
<p>One technique is called the ''Krauthacke'' (herb hoe) and comes from the iron gate and is practiced by striking upwards from the ground directly to the man and down again. And it is a strong method for those who can do it correctly, with steps directly forward and with one upstrike with each step.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
  
 +
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 47r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 028v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 029r.jpg|1|lbl=29r|p=1}}
  
 +
|-
 +
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|The Master Builder}}</p>
  
<small>[90]</small>
+
<p>One technique is called the ''Werkemeister'' (master builder) and comes from the low hanging from the left side, and it is the threatening with the point after the Absetzen. It may be well done from the gate, if the point turns against the adversary.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
  
 +
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 47v.jpg|1|lbl=47v}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 029r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 +
|-
 +
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|The Peacock Tail}}</p>
  
 +
<p>One technique is called the ''Pfobenzagel'' (peacock tail) and comes from the point. The point moves around the adversaries sword and seen from his eyes, it looks like a circle or a wheel. And thus it turns until he can see, where he may get his adversary.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
  
<small>[95]</small>
+
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 47v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 029r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[100]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[105]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[110]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[115]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[120]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[125]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[130]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[135]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[140]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[145]</small>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<small>[150]</small></poem>
 
| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|This is regarding the Iron Gate}}</p>
 
 
 
<poem>Here now begins really,
 
:the best of all techniques
 
Of the aforementioned masters
 
:and I will tell it to you now
 
It is called the iron gate
 
:and you will instantly understand it in melee
 
If you are beset with four
 
:or six impertinent peasants
 
Place in front whichever foot you want
 
:and with the gate make a barrier
 
And put the point on the ground /
 
:now hear what you should do
 
See to it that they stay
 
:all in front of your face
 
And no one comes behind you
 
:Now hear what you should do
 
Whatever they strike or thrust
 
:against you, weak them with absetzten
 
Strongly upwards from the ground /
 
:so you will put them to shame
 
And you should move against them with the Pfobenzagel /
 
:no no one will stay in front of you
 
Strike defensively from below with parries /
 
:with changing strikes quickly strike them
 
And with the Krauthacke
 
:you can well annoy them
 
But I warn you especially /
 
:do not stand to face them as they come for you
 
If you don’t intend to be a lost man /
 
:never you should stop
 
If someone reaches you first /
 
:he is at the end of the line
 
And against him you should step /
 
:to your left side
 
And strike him a blow /
 
:he can not defend
 
And if they come again /
 
:against you as before
 
Pick out the one at the end of the line /
 
:so you will not fail
 
You strike down one after another /
 
:but do not hurry too much
 
Strike them in this manner, one after another,
 
:and you will succeed without danger
 
However as you have already heard /
 
:as it has appeared in the preface
 
It is difficult to fight for so long /
 
:four or six usually defeat you
 
That’s why I will advise you /
 
:if you also wish to follow my teaching
 
So that you jump or run
 
:straight to the one at the end,
 
before the others turn
 
:against you as before
 
so you may learn and consider /
 
:if you wish to get away from him
 
without any damage
 
:So leap instantly from him as I say
 
Because it is no shame
 
:to flee before four or six or more
 
Now if you begin /
 
:to run and jump from him
 
Throw your sword across /
 
:well behind over your head
 
And run as fast as you can /
 
:Now the one who chases you fastest
 
And as soon as you think is he is near you /
 
:leap sideways out of the way
 
So he will follow you quickly
 
:and will be in great hurry
 
So he can not hold against you<ref>Does not expect your attack</ref>
 
:Thus you strike him down as you wish.
 
[End]</poem>
 
|  
 
{{paget|page:MS 3227a|44v|jpg|p=1}}<br/>{{paget|page:MS 3227a|45r|jpg|p=1}}<br/>{{paget|page:MS 3227a|45v|jpg|p=1}}
 
|  
 
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 028r.jpg|1|lbl=28r|p=1}}<br/>{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 028v.jpg|1|lbl=28v|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
+
| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|Another Good Technique}}</p>
| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|The Asp's Tongue or "From the Point"}}</p>
 
  
One technique is called the ''Natterzunge'' (asp´s tongue) or "from the point" and comes from the changing-through. It done so that one stands in the point (''Langort'') and works like just as if he intends to change through by threatening to thrust with the point to both sides above the hilt so that he always and constantly aims and threats with the point. And thus you confuse him so that he does not know where you want to hit. And as soon he sees where he can hit his adversary best there he moves in with the point with a perfect thrust; and this has to be done fast so one does not defend against it.
+
<p>One technique is called ____________ and also comes from the changing-through. He threatens with a strike from above from his right and changes through to the left with a good step outwards and with this he strikes the second strike from above which goes directly against the man and hits from the front at the vertex or with the ''Zwerch'' against the face. Alternatively you may do the ''Sturzhau'' (overthrown strike). Pretend that you strike from your right and then do a ''Strurzhau'' to the same side and move through under his sword to the left side with a good step in the same direction.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 47r.jpg|1|lbl=47r}}
+
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 48r.jpg|1|lbl=48r}}
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 028v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 029r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|The Three Strikes}}</p>
| '''[5]'''
 
One technique is called the ''Krauthacke'' (herb hoe) and comes from the iron gate and is practiced by striking upwards from the ground directly to the man and down again. And it is a strong method for those who can do it correctly, with steps directly forward and with one upstrike with each step.
 
| <br/>
 
Eyn gefechte heisset / dy krawthacke / vnd ku~pt aus der eiseryne~ pforte~ / mit dem orte von der erden gleich of / czu~ mañe vnd weder neder / vnd ist gar stark / wer is recht treibet / mit schrete~ gleich vorne czu / m<sup>t</sup> t itzliche~ of varn eyne~ schret getan /
 
| <strong style="color:#A40000">Die krawthacke /</strong>
 
Ein gefechte haisset die krawthacke / vnd kumb auß der eysnen pfortñ / mit dem orte von der erdñ gleich auff zum manne / vnd wider nyder / vnd ist gar starck / wer es recht '''[29r]''' treibt mit schreittñ gleich vorñ zu~ mit yetzlichem auff farñ ain schrit gethon
 
  
|-
+
<p>One technique is called the three strikes and it is an Underhau from the right and then an Underhau from the left strongly against his sword with the Absetzen and the third strike directly to his vertex and this one will hit.</p>
|
+
| <p><br/></p>
| '''[6]'''
 
One technique is called the ''Werkemeister'' (master builder) and comes from the low hanging from the left side, and it is the threatening with the point after the Absetzen. It may be well done from the gate, if the point turns against the adversary.
 
| <br/>
 
'''[47v]''' Eyn gefechte heisset der weckemeister / vnd ku~pt aus dem vnderhe~ge~ / czu der linken seiten / mit ort drewen noch dem abesetczen / Vnd is mag auch wol aus der pforte~ genant werden / also es sich mit deme orte key~ eyme stellet /
 
| <strong style="color:#A40000">Der weckemaister</strong>
 
Ein gefechte haisset der weckemaister / vnd kum auß dem vndtern hengen / zu der lincken seÿttn mit ort droen noch dem absetzen / vnd es mag auch wol auß der pfortñ genandt wordñ / also als es sich mit dem orte gen aine~ stellet /
 
  
|-  
+
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 48r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 029r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
| '''[7]'''
 
One technique is called the ''Pfobenzagel'' (peacock tail) and comes from the point. The point moves around the adversaries sword and seen from his eyes, it looks like a circle or a wheel. And thus it turns until he can see, where he may get his adversary.
 
| <br/>
 
Eyn gefechte heisset der pfobenczagel / vnd ku~pt aus dem orte / vnd get mit de~ orte vm eyns sw°t / aber süst eyme vor den oge~ zam ey~ rat / ader czirkel / gleich vm / So lange bis das her siet wo h°n gehabñ mag /
 
| <strong style="color:#A40000">Der pfabenzagel</strong>
 
Ein gefechte haisset der pfabenzagel vnd ku~mb auß dem orte / vnd geet mit dem orte vmb ains schwerte / oder sunst ainem vor den augen sam ein rad oder zirckl gleich vmb / So lang piß er sicht wo hin er hawen sol oder mag
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Barrier Guard}}</p>
| '''[8]'''
 
One technique is called the ''Wechselhau'' (changing strike) and also comes from the changing-through. He threatens with a strike from above from his right and changes through to the left with a good step outwards and with this he strikes the second strike from above which goes directly against the man and hits from the front at the vertex or with the ''Zwerch'' against the face.
 
  
Alternatively you may do the ''Sturzhau'' (overthrown strike). Pretend that you strike from your right and then do a ''Strurzhau'' to the same side and move through under his sword to the left side with a good step in the same direction.
+
<p>One technique is called the ''Schrankhut'' (barrier guard) and comes from the point so that you put the point down to the ground to whichever side you want and thus you place yourself to the Absetzen. It may also be don from the gate when someone puts the point down to the ground in front of himself. And now if someone strikes or thrusts you so grab the point of the opponents sword while moving upwards with the Absetzen and strike him low to his feet or above or wherever he may hit him best. And this is also similar to the Krauthacke<ref>The text says "Pfobenzagel" yet the description is that of the Krauthacke.</ref> if someone strikes permanently up and down and hits wherever he likes.</p>
| <br/>
+
| <p><br/></p>
'''[48r]''' Eyn gefechte heisset vnd ku~pt auch aus deme durchwechsel / das eyner drewt mit eyme öbernhawe võ der rechte~ seiten / vnd durchwechselt czu der linke~ seite~ / mit eym gute~ ausschrete vnd brengt do mete ey~ and°n öberhau der do gleich czu~ mañe czu get / vnd vorne treffe/ czu d° scheitel / ader / dy twer vor daz gesichte / Ader tu zam het ey~ oberhaw wolle tue~ von der rechte~ seite~ / vnd tu ey~ störczhaw czu der selben seite~ / vnd kom czu der linke~ seite~ vnd° seyme sw°t herv<sup>e</sup>m / mit eyme ausschrete czu d° selbe~ seite~
 
| <strong style="color:#A40000">Ain ander gu~et Stu~ck</strong>
 
Ain stuck / kumb auch auß dem durch wechsl / das ainer drot mit ainem obernhaw° von der rechtñ seÿtñ / vnd durchwechslt ztu der lincken seÿtn / mit aine~ guettñ außschrit / vnd pring damit ain andern obeñhaw / der da gleich zu dem man zu gee / vnd vorñ treff zu der schaitl / oder die wer vor dem gesichte / oder thu~e<sup> sam </sup>Er ein oberhaw welle thain von der rechtñ seyttñ / vnd thue ein stu~rtzhaw zu der selbeñ seyttñ / vnd ku~m zu der linckñ seyttn vndter seinem schwert hervmb / mit aine~ auß schrit zu der selben seÿttñ
 
  
|-
+
{{section|Page:MS 3227a 48v.jpg|1|lbl=48v}}
|  
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 029v.jpg|1|lbl=29v}}
| '''[9]'''
 
One technique is called the three strikes and it is an Underhau from the right <del>and an Unterhau from the right</del><ref>I removed “and an Unterhau from the right” , since it is obviously a mistake.</ref> and then an Underhau from the
 
left strongly against his sword with the Absetzen and the third strike directly to his vertex and this one will hit.
 
| <br/>
 
Eyn gefechte heißet / dy drey hewe / Vnd daz ist eyn v<sup>e</sup>nderhaw von der rechte~ seite~ / vnd deñe eyn vnd°haw võ d° linke~ seite~ stark of an iens sw°t / mit abesetze~ / den dritte~ haw deñe gleich czu der scheitel neder / d° do treffe
 
| <strong style="color:#A40000">Die drey hewe</strong>
 
Ein gefechte haisset die drew hew° / vnd das ist ain vndterhaw° von der rechtñ seÿttn / vnd ain vndterhaw von der linckñ seÿttñ starck auff an an sein schwert / mit absetzen / den drittñ haw° dan gleich zu der schaittl nider / der do treffe /
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|If you wish to stride towards your opponent in a elegant manner in school fencing or just for fun, and intend to show off grace,}}</p>
| '''[10]'''
 
One technique is called the ''Schrankhut'' (barrier guard) and comes from the point so that you put the point down to the ground to whichever side you want and thus you place yourself to the Absetzen. It may also be don from the gate when someone puts the point down to the ground in front of himself. And now if someone strikes or thrusts you so grab the point of the opponents sword while moving upwards with the Absetzen and strike him low to his feet or above or wherever he may hit him best. And this is also similar to the Krauthacke<ref>* the text says "Pfobenzagel" yet the description is that of the Krauthacke.</ref> if someone strikes permanently up and down and hits wherever he likes.
 
| <br/>
 
'''[48v]''' Eyn gefechte heisset dy schrankhute / das ku~pt / aus dem orte / alzo das du den ort legst of dy erde / czu weler seite~ du wilt vnd stellest dich do mete czu~ abesetzen / Ader is mag auch genãt werdñ aus der pforte~ / wen eyn° den ort gleich von sich neder stellet of dy erdñ / vnd von wañe deñe eyner of in hewt ader sticht / zo vasse her ieme syne~ ort des sw°tes / mt dem als her key~ im of vert / m<sup>t</sup> dem abesetcze~ / vnd sla / im vnde~ czu~ füssen ader aben gleich czu wo her in <del>al</del> am neheste~ derreiche~ mag / vnd das ist auch etwas dem pfobe~czagel gleich / wen eyner vm~erm° alzo of vert vnd weder ned° slet vnden ader obñ / wo h° nur mag ~
 
| '''[29v] <span style="color:#A40000">Die schranckhu~et</span>'''
 
Ein gefechte haist die schranckhu~et / das kumb auß dem orte / also das du dein ort legst auff die erdñ zu welcher seytñ du wild / vnd stellest dich domit zu absetzen / Oder es mag auch genandt werdñ auß der pfortñ / wan ainer gleich das ortt fu~r sich nÿder stellt auff die erdñ / vnd von wan dan ainer auff dich hawt oder sticht / So laß er im~e sein ort des swerts mit dem als er gen im auff fert mit dem absetzñ / vnd schalg [!] in vndtñ zu den fuessen / oder oben gleich zu / wo er in am nãchstn dreffen mag / vnd das ist auch ettwaß dem zaglpfabñ gleich wen ainer von ferñ also auff fert / vnd wider nider schlag vndtñ oder obñ / wo er nu~ treffen mag /
 
  
|-
+
<p>so at first shake your sword bravely and fall sideways into the Schrankhut to both sides and transition from guard to guard in wide motions, from one side upwards to the other with steps. After that set yourself in the lower hanging from both sides with steps and then come to the upper hangings from both sides with steps. Then come into the crossing strikes to both sides with steps. So that whenever you move through one of the techniques described before to one side you also have to take a step. If you execute it to your left so place the right foot in front and vice versa. And do this if you are coming to him and then do something appropriate what is useful for sport and so on.</p>
|
+
| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 52v.jpg|1|lbl=52v}}
| '''[11] If you wish to stride towards your opponent in a elegant manner in school fencing or just for fun, and intend to show off grace,'''
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 029v.jpg|2|lbl=29v}}
so at first shake your sword bravely and fall sideways into the Schrankhut to both sides and transition from guard to guard in wide motions, from one side upwards to the other with steps. After that set yourself in the lower hanging from both sides with steps and then come to the upper hangings from both sides with steps. Then come into the crossing strikes to both sides with steps. So that whenever you move through one of the techniques described before to one side you also have to take a step. If you execute it to your left so place the right foot in front and vice versa. And do this if you are coming to him and then do something appropriate what is useful for sport and so on.
 
| '''Wiltu weydenlich / czu eyme gehen / in schulvechte~ / zo du schimpf / vnd höscheit gerest treiben /'''
 
<br/>'''[52v]''' So schöte czu~ erste~ dyn sw°t mutticleich / Vnd valle czu hant in dy schrankhute / czu beyde~ seite~ / vnd süche dy leger weydlich / von eyn° seite~ of / dy ander / mit schreten / Dornoch kom in dy v<sup>e</sup>nderhenge~ / auch czu beide~ seite~ / mit schrete~ / Dornoch kom / in dy öberhenge~ czu beyden seite~ / mit schrete~ / Dornoch kom in dy twer hewe / czu beiden seiten / mit schrete~ / alzo / we~ du der egnanten gefechte eyns fürest / czu eyner seite~ / das du do mete schreitest / fürest du is czu der linke~ seiten / zo secze de~ rechte~ fus vor / et eqt~ / vnd das volbre~ge als / e du czu ieme komest / als vnd°wege / wen du den czu ieme ku~pst / zo treib deñe etzwas redlichs / was do czu schimpfe tawg etc
 
| <strong style="color:#A40000">Wildu~ waidenlich zu ainem geen im schu~lfechtñ So<sup> du </sup>schimpf vnd hubschait treiben wilts</strong>
 
<br/>So schu~t zu dem erstñ dein schwert mu~tigklich / vnd fall zu hant in die schranckhu~et / tzu baidñ seÿttñ / vnd suech die leger waidenlich / von ainer slÿtñ [!] zu der anderñ mit schreitñ / Darnach ku~mb in die vndterhengen / auch zu baidñ seytñ mit schreÿtñ / darnach kumb in die oberhengeñ zu paidñ seytñ mit schreitñ / Darnach kumb in die twerhãw zu baidñ seytñ mit schreitñ / also wan du der egenantñ fechtñ ains fu~rest zu~ ainer seÿtñ / das du damit schreitest / fu~rest du es zu der linckñ slÿtñ [!] so setz den rechtñ fueß vor / et eg~. Vnd das volpring als e du zu im ku~mbst / als vndterwegñ / Wen du dan zu ime kumbst So treib dan ettwaß das zu dem schimpf tau~glich ist
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| class="noline" | <p>[12] And better aim for the high openings than the low, and move in over his hilt and remember the already written teaching. First of all so that you gain the Vorschlag and as soon as you do it so do the Nachschlag with moving in. And do these without delay in between just as if you would do them both at the same time if possible and permanently do one after another quickly and bravely, so that if one misses the other hits, so that your adversary does not come to strikes.</p>
| '''[12]''' And better aim for the high openings than the low, and move in over his hilt and remember the already written teaching. First of all so that you gain the Vorschlag and as soon as you do it so do the Nachschlag with moving in. And do these without delay in between just as if you would do them both at the same time if possible and permanently do one after another quickly and bravely, so that if one misses the other hits, so that your adversary does not come to strikes.
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS 3227a 52v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| Vnd reme io liber / der ob°n / bloßen den / der vndern / vnd var im als ober dem gehilcze yn / vnd gedenke der vorgeschreben lere / vor allen sache~ / alzo das du de~ vorslag gewyñest / vnd als bald du de~ tust / zo tu czu hant de~ nochslag dornach an vnderlos vnd an zümenüss / recht zam du sy mit ey~nãder wollest tue~ / ab is mögelich were vnd treibe vm~erm° eyns noch dem and°n rischlich vnd künlich / ab eyns vele / das das and° treffe / vnd vorgank habe / vnd das io ien° mit nichte czu slage kome /
+
| class="noline" |  
|  
 
  
 
|}
 
|}
Line 517: Line 248:
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
| work        = Translation
 
| work        = Translation
| authors    = [[Thomas Stoeppler]]
+
| authors    = [[translator::Thomas Stoeppler]]
 
| source link =  
 
| source link =  
 
| source title= Private communication
 
| source title= Private communication
Line 523: Line 254:
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
| work        = [[Codex Döbringer (MS 3227a)|Nuremberg Transcription]]
+
| work        = [[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|Nuremberg Transcription]]
 
| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 
| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
| source link = http://www.hammaborg.de/en/transkriptionen/3227a/03_andere_meister.php
+
| source link =  
| source title= Hammaborg Historischer Schwertkampf
+
| source title= [[Index:Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)]]
 
| license    = copyrighted
 
| license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
}}
Line 532: Line 263:
 
| work        = [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]]
 
| work        = [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]]
 
| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
 
| authors    = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
| source link = http://www.hammaborg.de/en/transkriptionen/emring_glasgow/05_gefechte.php
+
| source link =  
| source title= Hammaborg Historischer Schwertkampf
+
| source title= [[Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)]]
 
| license    = copyrighted
 
| license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
}}
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== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
* [[Grzegorz Żabiński|Żabiński, Grzegorz]]. "Unarmored Longsword Combat by Master Liechtenauer via Priest Döbringer." ''Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts''. Ed. [[Jeffrey Hull]]. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3
+
{{bibliography}}
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
Line 549: Line 280:
 
{{Liechtenauer tradition}}
 
{{Liechtenauer tradition}}
 
__FORCETOC__
 
__FORCETOC__
 
+
[[Category:Orphan Treatise]]
[[Category:Nonmaster]]
 
  
 
[[Category:German]]
 
[[Category:German]]
  
 
[[Category:Longsword]]
 
[[Category:Longsword]]
 +
 +
[[Category:New format]]
 +
[[Category:Modular display candidate]]

Latest revision as of 19:19, 26 August 2024

Ettlicher Maistern Gefechte
The Other Fencing Masters
Author(s)
Date late 1300s (?)
Language Early New High German
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Żabiński, 2008
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Andres Juden (Andres "the Jew"), Jobs von der Nissen, Nicklass Preußen, and the priest Hans Döbringer are four German fencing masters who stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer in the 14th or 15th century. None of these men is mentioned by Paulus Kal as being a member of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer with the possible exception of Andres the Jew (which could be a reference to Andre Lignitzer). Attributed to these four masters is an addendum to Liechtenauer's Recital on the long sword which offers advice on fencing and discusses techniques from a position called iron gate (Eisen Pforte). Andre Paurenfeyndt also treated fencing from this guard in his treatise (sometimes included as an addendum to the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck), but there is little technical overlap between the two works.

Treatise

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. Word order reversed, the correct order indicated by markings is used here.
  2. The rest of the line disappears in the binding
  3. Does not expect your attack
  4. The text says "Pfobenzagel" yet the description is that of the Krauthacke.