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Difference between revisions of "Other Masters (14th Century)"
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| dedicated to = | | dedicated to = | ||
| audience = | | audience = | ||
− | | language = [[language:: | + | | language = [[language::Early New High German]] |
| date = late 1300s (?) | | date = late 1300s (?) | ||
| date of issue = | | date of issue = | ||
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| archetype = Currently lost | | archetype = Currently lost | ||
| manuscript(s) = {{plainlist | | manuscript(s) = {{plainlist | ||
− | | [[ | + | | [[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227<sup>a</sup>]] (ca. 1400s) |
| [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (1508) | | [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|MS E.1939.65.341]] (1508) | ||
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− | '''Andres Juden''' (Andres "the Jew"), '''Jobs von der Nissen''', '''Nicklass Preußen''', and the priest '''Hans Döbringer''' are four [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]s who stood in the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]] in the 14th or [[century::15th century]]. None of these men is mentioned by [[Paulus Kal]] as being a member of the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]] with the possible exception of Andres the Jew (which could be a reference to [[Andre | + | '''Andres Juden''' (Andres "the Jew"), '''Jobs von der Nissen''', '''Nicklass Preußen''', and the priest '''Hans Döbringer''' are four [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]s who stood in the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]] in the 14th or [[century::15th century]]. None of these men is mentioned by [[Paulus Kal]] as being a member of the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]] with the possible exception of Andres the Jew (which could be a reference to [[Andre Lignitzer]]). Attributed to these four masters is an addendum to Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on the [[long sword]] which offers advice on fencing and discusses techniques from a position called [[iron gate]] (''Eisen Pforte''). [[Andre Paurenfeyndt]] also treated fencing from this guard in his treatise (sometimes included as an addendum to the gloss of [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]), but there is little technical overlap between the two works. |
== Treatise == | == Treatise == | ||
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{{master begin | {{master begin | ||
| title = Long Sword | | title = Long Sword | ||
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}} | }} | ||
− | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" |
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− | + | ! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Translation (from the Nuremberg)}}<br/>by [[Thomas Stoeppler]]</p> | |
− | ! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Translation (from the Nuremberg)}}<br/>by [[ | + | ! <p>[[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|Nuremberg Version]] (ca. 1389){{edit index|Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
− | ! <p>[[ | + | ! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Version]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
− | ! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow | ||
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| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begin the fencing techniques of the other masters: Hanko priest of Doebringen, Andre the Jew, Josts from the neice, Niclas of prussia.}}</p> | | <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begin the fencing techniques of the other masters: Hanko priest of Doebringen, Andre the Jew, Josts from the neice, Niclas of prussia.}}</p> | ||
− | + | {| class="zettel" | |
− | < | + | |- |
− | + | | <small>[1]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[5]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[10]</small> | |
− | To learn the art of the sword / | + | | If he is a bold man / <br/> Who also likes to dare<br/>To learn the art of the sword / <br/> and also wishes to practice it seriously<br/>Because it is a gentleman´s game / <br/> and brings lots of pleasure and fun<br/>And before knights and squires / <br/> so that he can fence well<br/>I will give him three pieces of advice / <br/> which he should always adhere to |
− | + | |} | |
− | Because it is a gentleman´s game / | ||
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− | And before knights and squires / | ||
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− | I will give him three pieces of advice / | ||
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| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|1|lbl=43r}} | | {{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|1|lbl=43r}} | ||
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|1|lbl=27r}} | | {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|1|lbl=27r}} | ||
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− | wittily and without all wrath / | + | | <br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[15]</small> |
− | + | | The first advice is also good / <br/> whoever fences easily<br/>wittily and without all wrath / <br/> this fencer seldom will lose<br/>If he additionally fences according to the teachings / <br/> he will win even more | |
− | If he additionally fences according to the teachings / | + | |} |
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| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|2|lbl=-}} | | {{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|2|lbl=-}} | ||
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|2|lbl=-}} | | {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|2|lbl=-}} | ||
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− | No man should be too stupid / | + | | <br/><br/><br/><small>[20]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[25]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[30]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[35]</small> |
− | + | | The second advice is this / <br/> and I will tell you now<br/>No man should be too stupid / <br/> if the fight is likely to be lost<br/>Trying to defeat four or six / <br/> will often bring much damage<br/>Because often he will receive a strike / <br/> that he cannot parry<br/>So he will have to take it / <br/> and also take the mock and the damage<br/>Because these little fools / <br/> often want to be the best<br/>And this is no real bravery / <br/> but a great stupidity<br/>Who wants to stand against four or six / <br/> will just realize that they will get him<br/>Just like if he had bought it this way / <br/> He should rather stay in a bed<br/>And should have run away and lie down / <br/> instead of practicing this foolishness | |
− | Trying to defeat four or six / | + | |} |
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− | Because often he will receive a strike / | ||
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− | So he will have to take it / | ||
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− | Because these little fools / | ||
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− | And this is no real bravery / | ||
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− | Who wants to stand against four or six / | ||
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− | Just like if he had bought it this way / | ||
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− | And should have run away and lie down / | ||
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{{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|1|lbl=43v|p=1}} | {{section|page:MS 3227a 43r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|1|lbl=43v|p=1}} | ||
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− | + | | <br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[40]</small> | |
− | It is preferable if he manages to leave | + | | It does often happen that a man / <br/> has to stand against four or six<br/><br/>It is preferable if he manages to leave <br/> by being knightly and wittily<br/>And so he may stand against all men / <br/> Rightfully against a brave man |
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− | And so he may stand against all men / | ||
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| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|2|lbl=-}} | | {{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|2|lbl=-}} | ||
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|4|lbl=-}} | | {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|4|lbl=-}} | ||
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− | Fridank the wise man / | + | | <br/><br/><small>[45]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[50]</small> |
− | + | | So all hear / <br/> everyone without fear<br/>Fridank the wise man / <br/> tells this to everyone<br/>He should be called a brave man / <br/> who can stand against his equal<br/>I will praise him in all cities / <br/> rightfully without rebuke<br/>Free from daringness and overstatement / <br/> that he is a real bold man. | |
− | He should be called a brave man / | + | |} |
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− | I will praise him in all cities / | ||
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− | Free from daringness and overstatement / | ||
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| {{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|3|lbl=-}} | | {{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|3|lbl=-}} | ||
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|5|lbl=-}} | | {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027r.jpg|5|lbl=-}} | ||
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− | To overpower someone with your art / | + | | <br/><br/><small>[55]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[60]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[65]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[70]</small> |
− | + | | I will give you the third advice / <br/> you should not learn fencing<br/>To overpower someone with your art / <br/> for unjust reasons<br/>furthermore you should not / <br/> fence with a pious man / <br/>except there is real need.<br/> If this happens and <br/>no man attacks for no reason / <br/> If you wish to succeed<br/>In all fencing, I advise / <br/> really do not rely too much upon your art<br/>And have the highest righteous fencer / in your minds eye <br/> So that he may protect you in your art<br/>And practice your art for emergencies / in the right way<br/> And not for nothing or out of foolishness<br/>So you may succeed always / <br/> because a fencer / is a good and righteous man. | |
− | furthermore you should not / | + | |} |
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− | except there is real need. | ||
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− | no man attacks for no reason / | ||
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− | In all fencing, I advise / | ||
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− | And have the highest righteous fencer / in your minds eye | ||
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− | And practice your art for emergencies / in the right way | ||
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− | So you may succeed always / | ||
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{{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|1|lbl=44r|p=1}} | {{section|page:MS 3227a 43v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|1|lbl=44r|p=1}} | ||
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− | And in good real grace / | + | | <br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[75]</small> |
− | + | | Fencing has been invented / <br/> to be seriously practiced<br/>And in good real grace / <br/> it brings agility wits and smartness<br/>And also it happens often that a man / <br/> has to stand for his honor, body and goods.<br/>If he is then victorious with his art in a knightly manner <br/> and with god and rightfully I praise.<br/>[End] | |
− | And also it happens often that a man / | + | |} |
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− | If he is then victorious with his art in a knightly manner | ||
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− | [End] | ||
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|2|lbl=-}} | | {{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|2|lbl=-}} | ||
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027v.jpg|2|lbl=-}} | | {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 027v.jpg|2|lbl=-}} | ||
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| <p>[2] Here learn and know, that I will not mention many of these master fencing techniques because you can find them before and completely in Liechtenauer's art and fencing, according to real art. However for the sake of practice and school fencing I will briefly and simply describe some techniques and methods of their fencing.</p> | | <p>[2] Here learn and know, that I will not mention many of these master fencing techniques because you can find them before and completely in Liechtenauer's art and fencing, according to real art. However for the sake of practice and school fencing I will briefly and simply describe some techniques and methods of their fencing.</p> | ||
| {{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|3|lbl=-}} | | {{section|page:MS 3227a 44r.jpg|3|lbl=-}} | ||
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| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|This is regarding the Iron Gate}}</p> | | <p>[3] {{red|b=1|This is regarding the Iron Gate}}</p> | ||
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− | + | | <br/><small>[80]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[85]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[90]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[95]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[100]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[105]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[110]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[115]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[120]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[125]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[130]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[135]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[140]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[145]</small><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><small>[150]</small> | |
− | Of the aforementioned masters | + | | Here now begins really, <br/> the best of all techniques<br/>Of the aforementioned masters <br/> and I will tell it to you now<br/>It is called the iron gate <br/> and you will instantly understand it in melee<br/>If you are beset with four <br/> or six impertinent peasants<br/>Place in front whichever foot you want <br/> and with the gate make a barrier<br/>And put the point on the ground / <br/> now hear what you should do<br/>See to it that they stay <br/> all in front of your face<br/>And no one comes behind you<br/> Now hear what you should do<br/>Whatever they strike or thrust <br/> against you, weak them with absetzten<br/>Strongly upwards from the ground / <br/> so you will put them to shame<br/>And you should move against them with the Pfobenzagel / <br/> no no one will stay in front of you<br/>Strike defensively from below with parries / <br/> with changing strikes quickly strike them<br/>And with the Krauthacke <br/> you can well annoy them<br/>But I warn you especially / <br/> do not stand to face them as they come for you <br/>If you don’t intend to be a lost man / <br/> never you should stop<br/>If someone reaches you first / <br/> he is at the end of the line<br/>And against him you should step / <br/> to your left side<br/>And strike him a blow / <br/> he can not defend<br/>And if they come again / <br/> against you as before<br/>Pick out the one at the end of the line / <br/> so you will not fail<br/>You strike down one after another / <br/> but do not hurry too much<br/>Strike them in this manner, one after another, <br/> and you will succeed without danger<br/>However as you have already heard / <br/> as it has appeared in the preface<br/>It is difficult to fight for so long / <br/> four or six usually defeat you<br/>That’s why I will advise you / <br/> if you also wish to follow my teaching<br/>So that you jump or run <br/> straight to the one at the end,<br/>before the others turn <br/> against you as before<br/>so you may learn and consider / <br/> if you wish to get away from him <br/>without any damage<br/> So leap instantly from him as I say<br/>Because it is no shame <br/> to flee before four or six or more<br/>Now if you begin / <br/> to run and jump from him<br/>Throw your sword across / <br/> well behind over your head<br/>And run as fast as you can / <br/> Now the one who chases you fastest<br/>And as soon as you think is he is near you / <br/> leap sideways out of the way<br/>So he will follow you quickly <br/> and will be in great hurry<br/>So he can not hold against you<ref>Does not expect your attack</ref><br/> Thus you strike him down as you wish.<br/>[End] |
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− | It is called the iron gate | ||
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− | If you are beset with four | ||
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− | Place in front whichever foot you want | ||
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− | And put the point on the ground / | ||
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− | See to it that they stay | ||
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− | And no one comes behind you | ||
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− | Whatever they strike or thrust | ||
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− | Strongly upwards from the ground / | ||
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− | And you should move against them with the Pfobenzagel / | ||
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− | Strike defensively from below with parries / | ||
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− | And with the Krauthacke | ||
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− | But I warn you especially / | ||
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− | If you don’t intend to be a lost man / | ||
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− | If someone reaches you first / | ||
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− | And against him you should step / | ||
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− | And strike him a blow / | ||
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− | And if they come again / | ||
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− | Pick out the one at the end of the line / | ||
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− | You strike down one after another / | ||
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− | Strike them in this manner, one after another, | ||
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− | However as you have already heard / | ||
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− | It is difficult to fight for so long / | ||
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− | That’s why I will advise you / | ||
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− | So that you jump or run | ||
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− | before the others turn | ||
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− | so you may learn and consider / | ||
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− | without any damage | ||
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− | Because it is no shame | ||
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− | Now if you begin / | ||
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− | Throw your sword across / | ||
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− | And run as fast as you can / | ||
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− | And as soon as you think is he is near you / | ||
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− | So he will follow you quickly | ||
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− | So he can not hold against you<ref>Does not expect your attack</ref> | ||
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− | [End] | ||
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{{paget|page:MS 3227a|44v|jpg|p=1}}<br/>{{paget|page:MS 3227a|45r|jpg|p=1}}<br/>{{paget|page:MS 3227a|45v|jpg|p=1}} | {{paget|page:MS 3227a|44v|jpg|p=1}}<br/>{{paget|page:MS 3227a|45r|jpg|p=1}}<br/>{{paget|page:MS 3227a|45v|jpg|p=1}} | ||
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| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|The Asp's Tongue or "From the Point"}}</p> | | <p>[4] {{red|b=1|The Asp's Tongue or "From the Point"}}</p> | ||
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| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|The Herb Hoe}}</p> | | <p>[5] {{red|b=1|The Herb Hoe}}</p> | ||
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| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|The Master Builder}}</p> | | <p>[6] {{red|b=1|The Master Builder}}</p> | ||
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| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|The Peacock Tail}}</p> | | <p>[7] {{red|b=1|The Peacock Tail}}</p> | ||
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| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|Another Good Technique}}</p> | | <p>[8] {{red|b=1|Another Good Technique}}</p> | ||
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| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|The Three Strikes}}</p> | | <p>[9] {{red|b=1|The Three Strikes}}</p> | ||
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| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Barrier Guard}}</p> | | <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Barrier Guard}}</p> | ||
− | <p>One technique is called the ''Schrankhut'' (barrier guard) and comes from the point so that you put the point down to the ground to whichever side you want and thus you place yourself to the Absetzen. It may also be don from the gate when someone puts the point down to the ground in front of himself. And now if someone strikes or thrusts you so grab the point of the opponents sword while moving upwards with the Absetzen and strike him low to his feet or above or wherever he may hit him best. And this is also similar to the Krauthacke<ref> | + | <p>One technique is called the ''Schrankhut'' (barrier guard) and comes from the point so that you put the point down to the ground to whichever side you want and thus you place yourself to the Absetzen. It may also be don from the gate when someone puts the point down to the ground in front of himself. And now if someone strikes or thrusts you so grab the point of the opponents sword while moving upwards with the Absetzen and strike him low to his feet or above or wherever he may hit him best. And this is also similar to the Krauthacke<ref>The text says "Pfobenzagel" yet the description is that of the Krauthacke.</ref> if someone strikes permanently up and down and hits wherever he likes.</p> |
| <p><br/></p> | | <p><br/></p> | ||
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| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|If you wish to stride towards your opponent in a elegant manner in school fencing or just for fun, and intend to show off grace,}}</p> | | <p>[11] {{red|b=1|If you wish to stride towards your opponent in a elegant manner in school fencing or just for fun, and intend to show off grace,}}</p> | ||
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− | | | + | | class="noline" | <p>[12] And better aim for the high openings than the low, and move in over his hilt and remember the already written teaching. First of all so that you gain the Vorschlag and as soon as you do it so do the Nachschlag with moving in. And do these without delay in between just as if you would do them both at the same time if possible and permanently do one after another quickly and bravely, so that if one misses the other hits, so that your adversary does not come to strikes.</p> |
− | | <p>[12] And better aim for the high openings than the low, and move in over his hilt and remember the already written teaching. First of all so that you gain the Vorschlag and as soon as you do it so do the Nachschlag with moving in. And do these without delay in between just as if you would do them both at the same time if possible and permanently do one after another quickly and bravely, so that if one misses the other hits, so that your adversary does not come to strikes.</p> | + | | class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS 3227a 52v.jpg|2|lbl=-}} |
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{{sourcebox | {{sourcebox | ||
| work = Translation | | work = Translation | ||
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| source title= Private communication | | source title= Private communication | ||
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{{sourcebox | {{sourcebox | ||
− | | work = [[ | + | | work = [[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|Nuremberg Transcription]] |
| authors = [[Dierk Hagedorn]] | | authors = [[Dierk Hagedorn]] | ||
| source link = | | source link = | ||
− | | source title= [[Index: | + | | source title= [[Index:Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)]] |
| license = copyrighted | | license = copyrighted | ||
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== Additional Resources == | == Additional Resources == | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
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{{Liechtenauer tradition}} | {{Liechtenauer tradition}} | ||
__FORCETOC__ | __FORCETOC__ | ||
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[[Category:German]] | [[Category:German]] | ||
[[Category:Longsword]] | [[Category:Longsword]] | ||
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+ | [[Category:New format]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Modular display candidate]] |
Latest revision as of 19:19, 26 August 2024
Ettlicher Maistern Gefechte | |
---|---|
The Other Fencing Masters | |
Author(s) | |
Date | late 1300s (?) |
Language | Early New High German |
Manuscript(s) |
|
First Printed English Edition |
Żabiński, 2008 |
Concordance by | Michael Chidester |
Translations |
Andres Juden (Andres "the Jew"), Jobs von der Nissen, Nicklass Preußen, and the priest Hans Döbringer are four German fencing masters who stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer in the 14th or 15th century. None of these men is mentioned by Paulus Kal as being a member of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer with the possible exception of Andres the Jew (which could be a reference to Andre Lignitzer). Attributed to these four masters is an addendum to Liechtenauer's Recital on the long sword which offers advice on fencing and discusses techniques from a position called iron gate (Eisen Pforte). Andre Paurenfeyndt also treated fencing from this guard in his treatise (sometimes included as an addendum to the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck), but there is little technical overlap between the two works.
Contents
Treatise
Completed Translation (from the Nuremberg) |
Nuremberg Version (ca. 1389) |
Glasgow Version (1508) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
[1] Here begin the fencing techniques of the other masters: Hanko priest of Doebringen, Andre the Jew, Josts from the neice, Niclas of prussia.
|
[43r] Hie hebt sich an · der ander meist° gefechte / .+..+. Hanko pfaffen döbringers ·:~ Andres Juden · Josts von der nyssen · Niclas prewßen / etc Ist hie yndert eyn degen |
[27r] Hie hebt sich an ettlicher maistern gefechte Andres Juden Jobs von der Nyssen Nicklass prewsñ Hans pfaffen Döbringers Ist hie yndert ein degen | ||
|
·Der erste rat ist auch gut |
Der erst rat ist auch gu~et | ||
|
·Der ander rat ist das |
Der ander rat ist das | ||
|
¶ Is ku~pt ofte das eyn man |
Es kumbt offt das ein man | ||
|
¶ Doch horet alle / offenbar |
Doch horet alle offenwar | ||
|
¶ Den dritten rat wil ich dir gebñ |
[27v] Den drittñ rat will ich dir gebñ | ||
|
we~ dorvm ist derdocht fechten |
Wan daru~b ist er doch fechtñ | ||
[2] Here learn and know, that I will not mention many of these master fencing techniques because you can find them before and completely in Liechtenauer's art and fencing, according to real art. However for the sake of practice and school fencing I will briefly and simply describe some techniques and methods of their fencing. |
¶ Hie merke vnd wisse / das ich vil deser meist°/gefechte vnderwege~ lasse / dorvm~e daz man sie gar / vnd auch gerecht / yn lichtnaw°s kunst vnd fechten / vor hat / noch worhaftiger ku~st / Doch durch vebunge vnd schulfechtens wille / wil ich etzliche stöcke vnd gesetze ihres gefechte~s / mit slechter vnd korczer rede schriben etc / |
Hie merck vnd wisse / das ich diesser maisterñ fechtñ vndter[?] lasse / daru~b das man sÿ gar vnd auch gerecht in liechñawffers kunst vnd fechtñ vor hat nach warhafftiger ku~nst / Doch durch vbunge vnd schu~lfchtens willñ Wil ich etzliche Stück vnd gsetze irs fechtns mit schlechter vnd kurtzer rede schreibñ | ||
[3] This is regarding the Iron Gate
|
[44v] Das ist von der eyserynen pforten ¶ Hie get nü an mit rechte |
[28r] Das ist von der Eysnen pforttn Hie gett nun an mit rechte | ||
[4] The Asp's Tongue or "From the Point" One technique is called the Natterzunge (asp´s tongue) and comes from the changing-through (or from the point). It done so that one stands in the point (Langort) and works like just as if he intends to change through by threatening to thrust with the point to both sides above the hilt so that he always and constantly aims and threats with the point. And thus you confuse him so that he does not know where you want to hit. And as soon he sees where he can hit his adversary best there he moves in with the point with a perfect thrust; and this has to be done fast so one does not defend against it. |
[47r] ¶ Eyn gefechte heisset dy noterczunge vnd kumpt aus dem durchwechsel / ader aus dem orte / Das eyner/yn dem orte stet / vnd tut sam / her wolle durchwechseln / als vert her im mit dem orte czu beiden seite~ / ober deme gehilcze yn / mit drew stiche~ / also das her ieme vm~erm° drewt mit dem orte vnd iene~ als irre macht das her nicht weis wo im deser czu wil / wen deñe deser siet / wo her in am gewisten gehabñ mag / do vert her im yn / mt dem orte / mt eyne volkome~ stiche / vnd das mus gar risch dar gehen / das is ien° nicht weret / |
Die naterzu~ngen od~ auß dem ortt Ein gefechte haisset die naterzungen / vnd kumb auß dem du~rchwechsl / das ainer in dem ortt stet / vnd thue sam~e er welle durchwechsl / also fert er im mit baidñ õrtñ zu~ paidñ seyttñ / vber dã gehu~ltz ein / mit drewen stichen / also das er im im~er trew°dt mit dem ortt / vnd ine also ire macht / das er nicht weiß wo er im zu wil / wen dan diesser sicht / wo er in am gewisten gehaben mag / do fert er im ein / mit dem ort / mit aine~ volku~mlichen stich / vnd das mu~ß gar frisch dar geen das ers ÿnnert nicht weret / | ||
[5] The Herb Hoe One technique is called the Krauthacke (herb hoe) and comes from the iron gate and is practiced by striking upwards from the ground directly to the man and down again. And it is a strong method for those who can do it correctly, with steps directly forward and with one upstrike with each step. |
¶ Eyn gefechte heisset / dy krawthacke / vnd ku~pt aus der eiseryne~ pforte~ / mit dem orte von der erden gleich of / czu~ mañe vnd weder neder / vnd ist gar stark / wer is recht treibet / mit schrete~ gleich vorne czu / mt itzliche~ of varn eyne~ schret getan / |
Die krawthacke / Ein gefechte haisset die krawthacke / vnd kumb auß der eysnen pfortñ / mit dem orte von der erdñ gleich auff zum manne / vnd wider nyder / vnd ist gar starck / wer es recht [29r] treibt mit schreittñ gleich vorñ zu~ mit yetzlichem auff farñ ain schrit gethon | ||
[6] The Master Builder One technique is called the Werkemeister (master builder) and comes from the low hanging from the left side, and it is the threatening with the point after the Absetzen. It may be well done from the gate, if the point turns against the adversary. |
[47v] ¶ Eyn gefechte heisset der weckemeister / vnd ku~pt aus dem vnderhe~ge~ / czu der linken seiten / mit ort drewen noch dem abesetczen / · Vnd is mag auch wol aus der pforte~ genant werden / also es sich mit deme orte key~ eyme stellet / |
Der weckemaister Ein gefechte haisset der weckemaister / vnd kum auß dem vndtern hengen / zu der lincken seÿttn mit ort droen noch dem absetzen / vnd es mag auch wol auß der pfortñ genandt wordñ / also als es sich mit dem orte gen aine~ stellet / | ||
[7] The Peacock Tail One technique is called the Pfobenzagel (peacock tail) and comes from the point. The point moves around the adversaries sword and seen from his eyes, it looks like a circle or a wheel. And thus it turns until he can see, where he may get his adversary. |
¶ Eyn gefechte heisset der pfobenczagel / vnd ku~pt aus dem orte / vnd get mit de~ orte vm eyns sw°t / aber süst eyme vor den oge~ zam ey~ rat / ader czirkel / gleich vm / So lange bis das her siet wo h°n gehabñ mag / |
Der pfabenzagel Ein gefechte haisset der pfabenzagel vnd ku~mb auß dem orte / vnd geet mit dem orte vmb ains schwerte / oder sunst ainem vor den augen sam ein rad oder zirckl gleich vmb / So lang piß er sicht wo hin er hawen sol oder mag | ||
[8] Another Good Technique One technique is called ____________ and also comes from the changing-through. He threatens with a strike from above from his right and changes through to the left with a good step outwards and with this he strikes the second strike from above which goes directly against the man and hits from the front at the vertex or with the Zwerch against the face. Alternatively you may do the Sturzhau (overthrown strike). Pretend that you strike from your right and then do a Strurzhau to the same side and move through under his sword to the left side with a good step in the same direction. |
[48r] ¶ Eyn gefechte heisset · [blank space] vnd ku~pt auch aus deme durchwechsel / das eyner drewt mit eyme öbernhawe võ der rechte~ seiten / vnd durchwechselt czu der linke~ seite~ / mit eym gute~ ausschrete vnd brengt do mete ey~ and°n öberhau der do gleich czu~ mañe czu get / vnd vorne treffe / czu d° scheitel / ader / dy twer vor daz gesichte · Ader tu zam het ey~ oberhaw wolle tue~ von der rechte~ seite~ / vnd tu ey~ störczhaw czu der selben seite~ / vnd kom czu der linke~ seite~ vnd° seyme sw°t hervem / mit eyme ausschrete czu d° selbe~ seite~ |
Ain ander gu~et Stu~ck Ain stuck / kumb auch auß dem durch wechsl / das ainer drot mit ainem obernhaw° von der rechtñ seÿtñ / vnd durchwechslt ztu der lincken seÿtn / mit aine~ guettñ außschrit / vnd pring damit ain andern obeñhaw / der da gleich zu dem man zu gee / vnd vorñ treff zu der schaitl / oder die wer vor dem gesichte / oder thu~e sam Er ein oberhaw welle thain von der rechtñ seyttñ / vnd thue ein stu~rtzhaw zu der selbeñ seyttñ / vnd ku~m zu der linckñ seyttn vndter seinem schwert hervmb / mit aine~ auß schrit zu der selben seÿttñ | ||
[9] The Three Strikes One technique is called the three strikes and it is an Underhau from the right and then an Underhau from the left strongly against his sword with the Absetzen and the third strike directly to his vertex and this one will hit. |
¶ Eyn gefechte heißet / dy drey hewe / Vnd daz ist eyn venderhaw von der rechte~ seite~ / vnd deñe eyn vnd°haw võ d° linke~ seite~ stark of an iens sw°t / mit abesetze~ / den dritte~ haw deñe gleich czu der scheitel neder · d° do treffe ~ |
Die drey hewe Ein gefechte haisset die drew hew° / vnd das ist ain vndterhaw° von der rechtñ seÿttn / vnd ain vndterhaw von der linckñ seÿttñ starck auff an an sein schwert / mit absetzen / den drittñ haw° dan gleich zu der schaittl nider / der do treffe / | ||
[10] The Barrier Guard One technique is called the Schrankhut (barrier guard) and comes from the point so that you put the point down to the ground to whichever side you want and thus you place yourself to the Absetzen. It may also be don from the gate when someone puts the point down to the ground in front of himself. And now if someone strikes or thrusts you so grab the point of the opponents sword while moving upwards with the Absetzen and strike him low to his feet or above or wherever he may hit him best. And this is also similar to the Krauthacke[4] if someone strikes permanently up and down and hits wherever he likes. |
[48v] ¶ Eyn gefechte heisset dy schrankhute / das ku~pt / aus dem orte / alzo das du den ort legst of dy erde / czu weler seite~ du wilt vnd stellest dich do mete czu~ abesetzen / Ader is mag auch genãt werdñ aus der pforte~ / wen eyn° den ort gleich von sich neder stellet of dy erdñ / vnd von wañe deñe eyner of in hewt ader sticht / zo vasse her ieme syne~ ort des sw°tes / mt dem als her key~ im of vert / mt dem abesetcze~ / vnd sla / im vnde~ czu~ füssen ader aben gleich czu wo her in al am neheste~ derreiche~ mag / vnd das ist auch etwas dem pfobe~czagel gleich / wen eyner vm~erm° alzo of vert vnd weder ned° slet vnden ader obñ / wo h° nur mag ~ |
[29v] Die schranckhu~et Ein gefechte haist die schranckhu~et / das kumb auß dem orte / also das du dein ort legst auff die erdñ zu welcher seytñ du wild / vnd stellest dich domit zu absetzen / Oder es mag auch genandt werdñ auß der pfortñ / wan ainer gleich das ortt fu~r sich nÿder stellt auff die erdñ / vnd von wan dan ainer auff dich hawt oder sticht / So laß er im~e sein ort des swerts mit dem als er gen im auff fert mit dem absetzñ / vnd schalg [!] in vndtñ zu den fuessen / oder oben gleich zu / wo er in am nãchstn dreffen mag / vnd das ist auch ettwaß dem zaglpfabñ gleich wen ainer von ferñ also auff fert / vnd wider nider schlag vndtñ oder obñ / wo er nu~ treffen mag / | ||
[11] If you wish to stride towards your opponent in a elegant manner in school fencing or just for fun, and intend to show off grace, so at first shake your sword bravely and fall sideways into the Schrankhut to both sides and transition from guard to guard in wide motions, from one side upwards to the other with steps. After that set yourself in the lower hanging from both sides with steps and then come to the upper hangings from both sides with steps. Then come into the crossing strikes to both sides with steps. So that whenever you move through one of the techniques described before to one side you also have to take a step. If you execute it to your left so place the right foot in front and vice versa. And do this if you are coming to him and then do something appropriate what is useful for sport and so on. |
[52v] ¶ Wiltu weydenlich / czu eyme gehen / in schulvechte~ / zo du schimpf / vnd höscheit gerest treiben · So schöte czu~ erste~ dyn sw°t mutticleich · Vnd valle czu hant in dy schrankhute / czu beyde~ seite~ / vnd süche dy leger weydlich / von eyn° seite~ of / dy ander / mit schreten · Dornoch kom in dy venderhenge~ / auch czu beide~ seite~ / mit schrete~ · Dornoch kom / in dy öberhenge~ czu beyden seite~ / mit schrete~ · Dornoch kom in dy twer hewe / czu beiden seiten / mit schrete~ / alzo / we~ du der egnanten gefechte eyns fürest / czu eyner seite~ / das du do mete schreitest / fürest du is czu der linke~ seiten / zo secze de~ rechte~ fus vor / et eqt~ / vnd das volbre~ge als / e du czu ieme komest / als vnd°wege / wen du den czu ieme ku~pst / zo treib deñe etzwas redlichs / was do czu schimpfe tawg etc |
[29v] Wildu~ waidenlich zu ainem geen im schu~lfechtñ So du schimpf vnd hubschait treiben wilts So schu~t zu dem erstñ dein schwert mu~tigklich / vnd fall zu hant in die schranckhu~et / tzu baidñ seÿttñ / vnd suech die leger waidenlich / von ainer slÿtñ [!] zu der anderñ mit schreitñ / Darnach ku~mb in die vndterhengen / auch zu baidñ seytñ mit schreÿtñ / darnach kumb in die oberhengeñ zu paidñ seytñ mit schreitñ / Darnach kumb in die twerhãw zu baidñ seytñ mit schreitñ / also wan du der egenantñ fechtñ ains fu~rest zu~ ainer seÿtñ / das du damit schreitest / fu~rest du es zu der linckñ slÿtñ [!] so setz den rechtñ fueß vor / et eg~. Vnd das volpring als e du zu im ku~mbst / als vndterwegñ / Wen du dan zu ime kumbst So treib dan ettwaß das zu dem schimpf tau~glich ist | ||
[12] And better aim for the high openings than the low, and move in over his hilt and remember the already written teaching. First of all so that you gain the Vorschlag and as soon as you do it so do the Nachschlag with moving in. And do these without delay in between just as if you would do them both at the same time if possible and permanently do one after another quickly and bravely, so that if one misses the other hits, so that your adversary does not come to strikes. |
| Vnd reme io liber / der ob°n / bloßen den / der vndern / vnd var im als ober dem gehilcze yn / vnd gedenke der vorgeschreben lere / vor allen sache~ / alzo das du de~ vorslag gewyñest / vnd als bald du de~ tust / zo tu czu hant de~ nochslag dornach an vnderlos vnd an zümenüss / recht zam du sy mit ey~nãder wollest tue~ / ab is mögelich were vnd treibe vm~erm° eyns noch dem and°n rischlich vnd künlich / ab eyns vele / das das and° treffe / vnd vorgank habe / vnd das io ien° mit nichte czu slage kome / |
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
Work | Author(s) | Source | License |
---|---|---|---|
Translation | Thomas Stoeppler | Private communication | |
Nuremberg Transcription | Dierk Hagedorn | Index:Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a) | |
Glasgow Transcription | Dierk Hagedorn | Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341) |
Additional Resources
The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.
- Acutt, Jay (2016). "Aristotelian Science behind a Medieval European Martial Art." Bulletin of the International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education 71: 10-27.
- Alderson, Keith (2010). "On the Art of Reading: An Introduction to Using the Medieval German 'Fightbooks'." In the Service of Mars: Proceedings from the Western Martial Arts Workshop, 1999-2009: 251-286. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press. ISBN 978-0-9825911-5-4.
- Alderson, Keith (2014). "Arts and Crafts of War: die Kunst des Schwerts in its Manuscript Context." Can These Bones Come to Life? Insights from Reconstruction, Reenactment, and Re-creation 1: 24-29. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press. ISBN 978-1-937439-13-2.
- Burkart, Eric (2016). "The Autograph of an Erudite Martial Artist: A Close Reading of Nuremberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Hs. 3227a." Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books. Transmission and Tradition of Martial Arts in Europe: 451-480. Ed. by Daniel Jaquet; Karin Verelst and Timothy Dawson. Leiden and Boston: Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004324725_017. ISBN 978-90-04-31241-8.
- Burkart, Eric (2020). "Informationsverarbeitung durch autographe Notizen: Die ältesten Aufzeichnungen zur Kampfkunst des Johannes Liechtenauer als Spuren einer Aneignung praktischen Wissens." Mittelalter. Interdisziplinäre Forschung und Rezeptionsgeschichte S2: 117-158. doi:10.26012/mittelalter-25866.
- Hammer, Maciej (2015). Tłumaczenie traktatu szermierczego zawartego w rękopisie Nürnberger Handschrift 3227a z wyszczególnieniem trudności zaistniałych podczas przekładu [unpublished thesis]. Uniwersytet Jagielloński Wydział Filologiczny.
- Leng, Rainer (2000). "Andreas der Jude, Jost von der Neißen und Niclas Preuß: Drei verhinderte 'Verfasser' eines Fechtbuches." Würzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen 19: 209-220.
- Talaga, Maciej (2022). "'Have the Highest Righteous Fencer in Your Mind's Eye': Medieval Martial Ethic as a Conceptual Repository for Just War Theory." Martial Arts Studies 12: 8-18. doi:10.18573/mas.154.
- Vodička, Ondřej (2019). "Origin of the oldest German Fencing Manual Compilation (GNM Hs. 3227a)." Waffen- und Kostümkunde 61(1): 87-108.
- Wallhausen, James (2010). Knightly Martial Arts: An Introduction to Medieval Combat Systems. Self-published. ISBN 978-1-4457-3736-2.
- Żabiński, Grzegorz (2008). "Unarmored Longsword Combat by Master Liechtenauer via Priest Döbringer." Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts: 59-116. Ed. by John Clements. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3.