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Difference between revisions of "Augsburg Group"

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| ''' {{red|The First Lesson of Wrestling}}'''
 
| ''' {{red|The First Lesson of Wrestling}}'''
−
Item, mark that the wrestling will have three sorts, Strength, Measure, and Agility. The Strength thus is that everyone shall necessarily go low in the Balance and shall set himself strongly on the earth. The Measure thus is that you know to correctly position your hands and feet in all stances as that you hereafter will. The Agility thus is that you well forfend all stepping-behind, pulling and striking, arm-breaks, that you therein all things have good thought quickly to turn, and all times hinder, and fall in the balance.
+
Item, mark that the wrestling will have three sorts, Strength, Measure, and Agility. The Strength thus is that everyone shall necessarily go low in the Balance and shall set himself strongly on the earth. The Measure thus is that you know to correctly position your hands and feet in all stances as that you hereafter will. The Agility thus is that you well forefend all stepping-behind, pulling and striking, arm-breaks, that you therein all things have good thought quickly to turn, and all times hinder, and fall in the balance.
 
| '''[15r] {{red|Von ringen dy erst ler}}'''
 
| '''[15r] {{red|Von ringen dy erst ler}}'''
 
Item zu mercken das das Ringen will haben dreyerlay / sterck / masß / vnd phentikait / dy sterck also zwprauchen Das ain yeder nider sol gen in der wag vnd sich starck soll seczen auf dy erden Dy masß also das du dein hent vnd füsß wist recht zw schicken in allen stäntten alstu her nach woll ...en wirst Dy phentikait also dastu woll für sechst all hinter trit zucken vnd stossen armm prüch dastu dar Inn güt gedächtnüsß habst allew ding pald zw wenten vnd alzeit swären vnd In dy wag vallen
 
Item zu mercken das das Ringen will haben dreyerlay / sterck / masß / vnd phentikait / dy sterck also zwprauchen Das ain yeder nider sol gen in der wag vnd sich starck soll seczen auf dy erden Dy masß also das du dein hent vnd füsß wist recht zw schicken in allen stäntten alstu her nach woll ...en wirst Dy phentikait also dastu woll für sechst all hinter trit zucken vnd stossen armm prüch dastu dar Inn güt gedächtnüsß habst allew ding pald zw wenten vnd alzeit swären vnd In dy wag vallen
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| ''' {{red|The Second Lesson of Wrestling}}'''
 
| ''' {{red|The Second Lesson of Wrestling}}'''
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Also you shall know that every Weak one you should wrestle Before as with Strength, and an Equal one should you wrestle With as with Measure, and a Strong one should you wrestle After as with Agility. Thus when you wrestle with a Weak one, then you may not worry before him if you have Measure and Agility and set yourself in a balanced stance. What you then seek, thwart or open, arm-breaks, combat-techniques, mortal-techniques, or other techniques, they may he then not well defend otherwise than fleeing from and evasion.
+
Also you shall know that every Weak one you should wrestle Before as with Strength, and an Equal one should you wrestle With as with Measure, and a Strong one should you wrestle After as with Agility. Thus when you wrestle with a Weak one, then you may not worry before him if you have Measure and Agility and set yourself in a balanced stance. What you then seek, thwart or open, arm-breaks, combat-techniques, mortal-techniques, or other techniques, they may he then not well defend otherwise than fleeing-from and evasion.
 
| {{red|b=1|Dy ander ler von Ringen}}
 
| {{red|b=1|Dy ander ler von Ringen}}
 
Auch so soltu wissen dastu einen yeden krancken vor solt ringen alz mit sterck vnd einen gleichen mitt solt Ringen als mit masß vnd einen starcken nach solt Ringen als mit phentikait Also wen du mit einem krenckeren Ringst so darfstu dich nit vor Im psorgen hastu masß vnd phentikait vnd seczt dich in ein stäte wag wastu dan suchst twirch oder plösß armm prüch kampf stuck mord stuck oder ander stuck dy mug er dir dann nit woll weren anderst dan ausß fliechen vnd ausweichen
 
Auch so soltu wissen dastu einen yeden krancken vor solt ringen alz mit sterck vnd einen gleichen mitt solt Ringen als mit masß vnd einen starcken nach solt Ringen als mit phentikait Also wen du mit einem krenckeren Ringst so darfstu dich nit vor Im psorgen hastu masß vnd phentikait vnd seczt dich in ein stäte wag wastu dan suchst twirch oder plösß armm prüch kampf stuck mord stuck oder ander stuck dy mug er dir dann nit woll weren anderst dan ausß fliechen vnd ausweichen
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| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |  
 
| ''' {{red|The Third Lesson of Wrestling}}'''
 
| ''' {{red|The Third Lesson of Wrestling}}'''
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If you wrestle with a Strong one, then beware yourself thus where he you attacks or falls so see that you set yourself low fast and in his arms with the bear-strikes strike out and with other techniques also break out, and give very much way before him and see if you may mislead him and overcome him with Agility, that you catch his foot or such under-steps that you throw him, as you will then find with more techniques and counters hereafter depicted and written.
+
If you wrestle with a Strong one, then beware yourself thus where he attacks you or falls, so see that you set yourself low fast and in his arms with the bear-strikes strike-out, and with other techniques also break out, and give very much way before him, and see if you may mislead him and overcome him with Agility, that you catch his foot or such under-steps that you throw him, as you will then find with more techniques and counters hereafter depicted and written.
 
| {{red|b=1|dy drit Ler ic}}
 
| {{red|b=1|dy drit Ler ic}}
 
Ringstu mit einem starcken so pewar dich also wo er dich an greift oder velt so sich dastu vast nider seiczt vnd ym sein arm mit dem peren stosß auß stost vnd mit anderen stucken auch auß prechst vnd gar vil vor im weichst vnd stich ob dw in mit phentikait verfüren vnd über eylen mügst dastu im ein füß er wischst oder sünst vnter treczt Dastu in werfst alstu Dann mit mer stucken vnd pruchen her nach inn gemell vnd inn geschrift vinden wirst
 
Ringstu mit einem starcken so pewar dich also wo er dich an greift oder velt so sich dastu vast nider seiczt vnd ym sein arm mit dem peren stosß auß stost vnd mit anderen stucken auch auß prechst vnd gar vil vor im weichst vnd stich ob dw in mit phentikait verfüren vnd über eylen mügst dastu im ein füß er wischst oder sünst vnter treczt Dastu in werfst alstu Dann mit mer stucken vnd pruchen her nach inn gemell vnd inn geschrift vinden wirst

Revision as of 20:06, 13 December 2016

Nuremberg Group
Cod.I.6.4º.2 20v21r.png
Codex Wallerstein, ff 20v - 21r
Author(s)
Compiled by
Illustrated by
Date ca. 1470s
Genre
Language
State of Existence Original hypothetical; several
fragmentary copies exist
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

The Nuremberg Group is a series of 15th and 16th century German manuscripts that describe a common set of techniques and seem to have originated in the area of Nuremberg, Germany. It has been suggested that these treatises define a local martial arts tradition native to that city, which would be a subset of the mainstream German style. The first two sections of the Codex Wallerstein are the oldest entry in the group, and it's possible that the later treatises are dependent on it, particularly that of Albrecht Dürer. However, this issue is complicated by the fact that the first grappling section of the Glasgow Fechtbuch, which is comprised of material not drawn from Wallerstein, contains much of the remainder of Dürer's work.

Despite the existence of several fencing manuals describing these teachings, there are few known masters of this tradition. A master Hartman von Nuremberg is mentioned by Paulus Kal as a member of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer,[1] but no writings of his that might demonstrate a connection to the tradition are known to exist. Despite attempts by a few modern writers to connect Albrecht Dürer to the Marxbrüder fencing guild, there is no evidence suggesting that he was anything but a master painter, and it seems unlikely that he practiced the techniques in his book.[2] In fact, the only known master whose connection to the tradition is certain is Antonius Rast, a former Captain of the Marxbrüder who left a partially-completed fencing manual upon his death in 1549. This manuscript was later acquired and completed by Paulus Hector Mair, and it seems to have influenced his own writings to some extent.

Treatises

The Wrocław Codex 1246 was lost during World War II and cannot presently be integrated into this concordance. Fortunately, Friedrich Dörnhöffer referenced this text extensively in his 1909 edition Albrecht Dürers Fechtbuch. In the transcription, he included notes where the text of the Codex 1246 differs from that of the MS 26-232; those notes have been preserved in this compilation, indicated by footnotes with the abbreviation Br.

While the Berlin Sketchbook contains a wealth of high-quality illustrations, it draws on multiple sources aside from the Nuremberg tradition including Hans Talhoffer's writings and a series of anonymous sword and buckler images. Because of this, images which don't overlap other works in the tradition can't be verified as belonging to it, and are omitted here.

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ Kal, Paulus. Untitled [manuscript]. Cgm 1507. Munich, Germany: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, 1470.
  2. ↑ J. Christoph Amberger. "The Death of History: Historic European fighting arts in the Mis-information Age". Fencers Quarterly Magazine. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  3. ↑ dauchen : drücken, niederdrücken.
  4. ↑ Im Fechten gibt es den Zwerhau, der in dieser Handschrift als Twir bezeichnet wird, in anderen Quellen aber auch Twirch geschrieben wird, von zwerch = schräg, quer. Zum einen würde diese Bedeutung in Verbindung mit dem Ringen hier keinen wirklichen Sinn ergeben, zum anderen wäre die Schreibweise mit „b“, auch wenn dieses stimmlos gesprochen werden kann, äußerst ungewöhnlich. Im Rheinischen Wörterbuch findet sich dagegen der Begriff Pirch = Pferch = Einzäunung. Diese Bedeutung ergibt im Ringen mehr Sinn und könnte hier evtl. mit „Umklammerung“ übersetzt werden.
  5. ↑ der erste Buchstabe (p) ist nicht sauber geschrieben. pern stossen = Bärenstoß?
  6. ↑ es fehlt die „fünfft tbirch“, Dafür hat das Stück zwischen der drit und der vierdt tbirch keine Nummerierung.
  7. ↑ 5. plötzlich, unversehens.
  8. ↑ hier zu lesen als: fringt = ringt.
  9. ↑ The addition is difficult to read on the document, but results from the Table of Contents
  10. ↑ von äbich: abstehend, verkehrt (Deutsches Wörterbuch of the Brothers Grimm)
  11. ↑ The following pictures are marked with numbers underneath. As on the original the numbering is difficult to read, it was omitted in the transcription of the plays.
  12. ↑ possibly pull down or wrench.
  13. ↑ gripping the sword
  14. ↑ das „b“ bei „nymbt“ wurde nachträglich aus vermutlich ursprünglich „y“ verbessert
  15. ↑ das „h“ ist über das vermutete „g“ geschrieben
  16. ↑ possibly past
  17. ↑ Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the previous device, those belong hereafter."
  18. ↑ Text from subsequent image, per the statement "This passage belongs to the other devices before."
  19. ↑ abbrechen: to break off (destroy by breaking); to pluck, pull, tear or snip off
Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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