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Difference between revisions of "Sebastian Heußler"

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| birthname              =  
 
| birthname              =  
 
| birthdate              = 1581
 
| birthdate              = 1581
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| birthplace            = Nuremberg, Germany
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| birthplace            = Nuremberg
 
| deathdate              = after 1645 (?)
 
| deathdate              = after 1645 (?)
 
| deathplace            =  
 
| deathplace            =  
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| occupation            = {{plainlist | [[Fencing master]]{{#set: occupation=Fencing master }} | [[occupation::Mercenary]] | [[occupation::Printer]] (until 1507) }}
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| occupation            = {{plainlist
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| [[Fencing master]]{{#set: occupation=Fencing master }}
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| [[occupation::Mercenary]]
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| [[occupation::Printer]] (until 1607)
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}}
 
| nationality            =  
 
| nationality            =  
 
| ethnicity              =  
 
| ethnicity              =  
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| period                =  
 
| period                =  
 
| movement              = [[Freifechter]]
 
| movement              = [[Freifechter]]
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| influences            = {{plainlist | [[Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli]] | [[Salvator Fabris]] | [[Joachim Meÿer]] }}
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| influences            = {{plainlist
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| influenced            = [[Jean Daniel L'Ange]]
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| [[Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli]]
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| [[Salvator Fabris]]
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| [[Joachim Meÿer]]
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}}
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| influenced            = [[Johann Daniel Lange]]
  
 
| genre                  = [[Fencing manual]]
 
| genre                  = [[Fencing manual]]
 
| language              = [[language::Early New High German]]
 
| language              = [[language::Early New High German]]
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| notableworks          = {{plainlist | ''[[Neu Kunstlich Fechtbuch (Sebastian Heußler)|Neu Kunstlich Fechtbuch]]'' (1615) | ''[[New Kůnstlich Fahnenbůchlein (Sebastian Heußler)|New Kůnstlich Fahnenbůchlein]]'' (1616) }}
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| notableworks          = {{plainlist
 +
| ''[[Neu Kunstlich Fechtbuch (Sebastian Heußler)|Neu Kunstlich Fechtbuch]]'' (1615)
 +
| ''[[New Kůnstlich Fahnenbůchlein (Sebastian Heußler)|New Kůnstlich Fahnenbůchlein]]'' (1616)
 +
}}
 
| archetype              =  
 
| archetype              =  
 
| manuscript(s)          =  
 
| manuscript(s)          =  
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'''Sebastian Heußler''' was a [[century::17th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[Freifechter]]. A native of Nuremberg, Germany, he was the eldest son of printer Leonhard Heußler, and as a youth he was trained in his father's craft. It is unclear if he was apprenticed to Christoph Lochner, but he was working as a type-setter in Lochner's workshop by 1599. He married Sabina Prünsterer in 1601 and purchased a house in Nuremberg in 1603. Heußler probably certified as a master printer during this time, and he was listed in the records of the printing guild from 1601-04 and again in 1607.<ref name="Steiner35">Steiner, Harald. {{Google books|faVlRZHgkbMC|Das Autorenhonorar: seine Entwicklungsgeschichte vom 17. bis 19. Jahrhundert|page=35}}. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998. p35. (Translated by [[Kevin Maurer]])</ref>
 
'''Sebastian Heußler''' was a [[century::17th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[Freifechter]]. A native of Nuremberg, Germany, he was the eldest son of printer Leonhard Heußler, and as a youth he was trained in his father's craft. It is unclear if he was apprenticed to Christoph Lochner, but he was working as a type-setter in Lochner's workshop by 1599. He married Sabina Prünsterer in 1601 and purchased a house in Nuremberg in 1603. Heußler probably certified as a master printer during this time, and he was listed in the records of the printing guild from 1601-04 and again in 1607.<ref name="Steiner35">Steiner, Harald. {{Google books|faVlRZHgkbMC|Das Autorenhonorar: seine Entwicklungsgeschichte vom 17. bis 19. Jahrhundert|page=35}}. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998. p35. (Translated by [[Kevin Maurer]])</ref>
  
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In 1608 at the age of 27, Heußler abandoned his craft and henceforth devoted himself to studying the Chivalric Art of Fencing that had captivated him since childhood (he may also have been studying fencing during his sabbatical from printing in 1505-06).<ref name="Maurer">[[Kevin Maurer|Maurer, Kevin]]. ''[http://freifechter.com/heussler.pdf Sebastian Heussler (1581 - 1645) Buchdrucker, Freifechter and Kreigsmann, from Nürnberg]''. [[Meyer Frei Fechter Guild]], 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2011.</ref> Heußler seems to have originally been a student of [[Hans Wilhelm Schöffer von Dietz]], the fencing master of Marburg, which is also where his education in the style of [[Salvator Fabris]] began.{{cn}} He ultimately left his native Germany, where he said that the arts were less cherished, and traveled through Italy, France, England, and the Netherlands.<ref name="Steiner37">Steiner, Harald. {{Google books|faVlRZHgkbMC|Das Autorenhonorar: seine Entwicklungsgeschichte vom 17. bis 19. Jahrhundert|page=37}}. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998. p37. (Translated by Kevin Maurer)</ref> Heußler is described as both a ''Kriegsmann'' (man-at-arms) and ''monatsreiter'' ("month-rider"), which seems to indicate that like many fencing masters he supported himself as a mercenary.<ref name="Boesch141">Boesch, Hans. "Der Monatsreiter, Fechter und Fahnenschwinger Sebastian Heußler zu Nürnberg". {{Google books|eesAAAAAMAAJ|Mitteilungen aus dem Germanischen Nationalmuseum|page=141}}. Nuremberg: [[Germanisches Nationalmuseum|Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg]], 1904. p137. (Translated by Kevin Maurer)</ref> He likely held the elite position of color guard in his unit,<ref name="Maurer"/> as he would later author a book on the art of flag-waving. It's questionable how much time Heußler spent in Nuremberg after 1508; he moved his wife to a new home in 1615, but in 1617 when the old home was sold, his wife negotiated the deal in his absence.<ref name="Boesch141"/>
+
In 1608 at the age of 27, Heußler abandoned his craft and henceforth devoted himself to studying the Chivalric Art of Fencing that had captivated him since childhood (he may also have been focused on fencing during his sabbatical from printing in 1605-06).<ref name="Maurer">[[Kevin Maurer|Maurer, Kevin]]. ''[http://freifechter.com/heussler.pdf Sebastian Heussler (1581 - 1645) Buchdrucker, Freifechter and Kreigsmann, from Nürnberg]''. [[Meyer Frei Fechter Guild]], 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2011.</ref> Heußler seems to have originally been a student of [[Hans Wilhelm Schöffer von Dietz]], the fencing master of Marburg, which is also where his education in the style of [[Salvator Fabris]] began.{{cn}} He ultimately left his native Germany, where he said that the arts were less cherished, and traveled through Italy, France, England, and the Netherlands.<ref name="Steiner37">Steiner, Harald. {{Google books|faVlRZHgkbMC|Das Autorenhonorar: seine Entwicklungsgeschichte vom 17. bis 19. Jahrhundert|page=37}}. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998. p37. (Translated by Kevin Maurer)</ref> Heußler is described as both a ''Kriegsmann'' (man-at-arms) and ''monatsreiter'' ("month-rider"), which seems to indicate that like many fencing masters he supported himself as a mercenary.<ref name="Boesch141">Boesch, Hans. "Der Monatsreiter, Fechter und Fahnenschwinger Sebastian Heußler zu Nürnberg". {{Google books|eesAAAAAMAAJ|Mitteilungen aus dem Germanischen Nationalmuseum|page=141}}. Nuremberg: [[Germanisches Nationalmuseum|Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg]], 1904. p137. (Translated by Kevin Maurer)</ref> He likely held the elite position of color guard in his unit,<ref name="Maurer"/> as he would later author a book on the art of flag-waving. It's unclear how much time Heußler spent in Nuremberg after 1608; he moved his wife to a new home in 1615, but in 1617 when the old home was sold, his wife negotiated the deal in his absence.<ref name="Boesch141"/>
  
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In 1615, Heußler authored a fencing manual entitled ''[[Neu Kunstlich Fechtbuch (Sebastian Heußler)|Neu Kunstlich Fechtbuch]]'' ("New Illustrated Fencing Manual"), illustrated by noted Nuremberg engraver [[Gabriel Weyer]] and printed by the son of his former master, Ludwig Lochner. The book treats the use of the [[rapier]], a system described as being in the style of the famous Italian masters [[Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli]] and Salvator Fabris.<ref name="Steiner37"/> The following year he co-authored his ''[[New Kůnstlich Fahnenbůchlein (Sebastian Heußler)|New Kůnstlich Fahnenbůchlein]]'' ("New Illustrated Flag-Waving Manual") with [[Johannes Renner]]. Heußler's fencing manual was apparently well-received, and was reprinted at least five times in different forms over the subsequent twenty years.
+
In 1615, Heußler authored a fencing manual entitled ''[[Neu Kunstlich Fechtbuch (Sebastian Heußler)|Neu Kunstlich Fechtbuch]]'' ("New Illustrated Fencing Manual"), illustrated by noted Nuremberg engraver [[Gabriel Weyer]] and printed by the son of his former master, Ludwig Lochner. The book treats the use of the [[rapier]], a system described as being in the style of the famous Italian masters [[Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli]] and Salvator Fabris.<ref name="Steiner37"/> The following year he co-authored his ''[[New Kůnstlich Fahnenbůchlein (Sebastian Heußler)|New Kůnstlich Fahnenbůchlein]]'' ("New Illustrated Flag-Waving Manual") with [[Johannes Renner]]. Heußler's fencing manual was apparently well-received, and was reprinted at least seven times (in whole or in part) over the subsequent fifty years.
  
 
Little is known of Heußler's life after the publication of his books. Some sources assume him dead by 1630, but there is record of a General Sebastian Heußler serving the King of Denmark in 1645;<ref name="Boesch141"/> it cannot be determined at this time whether this is a reference to the fencing master or not.
 
Little is known of Heußler's life after the publication of his books. Some sources assume him dead by 1630, but there is record of a General Sebastian Heußler serving the King of Denmark in 1645;<ref name="Boesch141"/> it cannot be determined at this time whether this is a reference to the fencing master or not.
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
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  | title = Rapier
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  | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
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{| class="wikitable floated master"
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{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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! <p>Images</p>
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! <p>Illustrations</p>
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! <p>{{rating}}</p>
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! <p>{{rating|c}}<br/>by [[Reinier van Noort]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription</p>
 
! <p>Transcription</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <br/>
 
| <br/>
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| [http://www.bruchius.com/docs/Heussler%20Part%202%20-%20Translation%20by%20RvN.pdf Text to copy over]
 
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
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  | title = Rapier and [[Dagger]]
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  | title = Rapier and Dagger
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  | width = 84em;
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  | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
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{| class="wikitable floated master"
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{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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! <p>Images</p>
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! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Kevin Maurer]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Kevin Maurer]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription</p>
 
! <p>Transcription</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| [[File:Heußler 2-Title.jpg|300x300px|center]]
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| [[File:Heußler 2-Title.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| '''New Illustrated Fencing Manual''', remastered from other times/ and with many fine Techniques Revised/ From:
 
| '''New Illustrated Fencing Manual''', remastered from other times/ and with many fine Techniques Revised/ From:
 
'''Sig: Salvator Fabris da Padua, and Sig: Ridolfo Capo Ferro, also how other Italian and''' French Fencers have diligently summarized the best Artful Techniques in Dagger and Rappier, and with beautiful copperplates adorned, the likes of which, have never before in print been done, All Lovers of the praiseworthy Fencing arts are given this laid out in Print Through:
 
'''Sig: Salvator Fabris da Padua, and Sig: Ridolfo Capo Ferro, also how other Italian and''' French Fencers have diligently summarized the best Artful Techniques in Dagger and Rappier, and with beautiful copperplates adorned, the likes of which, have never before in print been done, All Lovers of the praiseworthy Fencing arts are given this laid out in Print Through:
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|-  
 
|-  
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:Heußler 2-1.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:Heußler 2-1.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| '''The main Thrusts are Four, of the Italian Manner: Prima, Secunda, Tertia, Quarta'''
 
| '''The main Thrusts are Four, of the Italian Manner: Prima, Secunda, Tertia, Quarta'''
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
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| [[File:Heußler 2-A.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| [[File:Heußler 2-A.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| When you now have thus positioned yourself, and you think that you will be in the Measure, thus step with the Right foot straight in at him, and stab with the Quart inside at his right breast with a step to of the right foot, how is seen in figure D.
 
| When you now have thus positioned yourself, and you think that you will be in the Measure, thus step with the Right foot straight in at him, and stab with the Quart inside at his right breast with a step to of the right foot, how is seen in figure D.
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| rowspan="3" | [[File:Heußler 2-B.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| rowspan="3" | [[File:Heußler 2-B.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| 2. When the thrust comes, thus step with your right foot again, back, and take your Blade inside in these that you step back with, be over his blade, thus is his blade; Stringiret, how this is shown by the following Figure C.
 
| 2. When the thrust comes, thus step with your right foot again, back, and take your Blade inside in these that you step back with, be over his blade, thus is his blade; Stringiret, how this is shown by the following Figure C.
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
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| [[File:Heußler 2-8.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| [[File:Heußler 2-8.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| '''On another Art'''
 
| '''On another Art'''
 
4. Position yourself again in your Guardia, and with your Blade go at him inwards on his Blade when you thus think that you will be in the Measure, thus stab a stiff thrust inwards at the opponents right breast. As soon as the Thrust occurs, thus step with your right foot back again, and take your Blade inwards over and above his, thus is his Blade once more, Stringiret, and give to him a little opening outside and above your right arm, thus as soon as he will thrust in at you outside and over your right arm with his Tertia, thus parry his thrust away, above his right side, and stab in at his right Breast, with the reverse (rivers) outside above his right arm, with a step to of the right foot. How this image with the Figure marked D is showing.
 
4. Position yourself again in your Guardia, and with your Blade go at him inwards on his Blade when you thus think that you will be in the Measure, thus stab a stiff thrust inwards at the opponents right breast. As soon as the Thrust occurs, thus step with your right foot back again, and take your Blade inwards over and above his, thus is his Blade once more, Stringiret, and give to him a little opening outside and above your right arm, thus as soon as he will thrust in at you outside and over your right arm with his Tertia, thus parry his thrust away, above his right side, and stab in at his right Breast, with the reverse (rivers) outside above his right arm, with a step to of the right foot. How this image with the Figure marked D is showing.
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|-  
 
|-  
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| [[File:Heußler 2-C.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| [[File:Heußler 2-C.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| '''Follow now how you should thrust in Contra Tempo'''
 
| '''Follow now how you should thrust in Contra Tempo'''
 
5. Position yourself in your Guardia, how you are shown in the previous figure 1. as soon as he then stabs in at you, thus parry away his thrust under towards your right side and thrust with the Second Contra Tempo, at the same time as him towards his upper body, how the Image with the Letter B shows, with a step to of the right foot, parry with the Dagger, and thrust, this must always happen in a timing:
 
5. Position yourself in your Guardia, how you are shown in the previous figure 1. as soon as he then stabs in at you, thus parry away his thrust under towards your right side and thrust with the Second Contra Tempo, at the same time as him towards his upper body, how the Image with the Letter B shows, with a step to of the right foot, parry with the Dagger, and thrust, this must always happen in a timing:
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|-  
 
|-  
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| [[File:Heußler 2-D.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| [[File:Heußler 2-D.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| 6. If he then would make a Finda under your dagger, and would thereafter quickly thrust in, outwards over your Dagger, thus pay great attention to his thrusts from over your dagger, and that you turn your upper body, and parry his thrust away with your Dagger above towards your left side, and thrust with the Quarta at the same time as him underneath towards his right breast with a step to of the right foot, how you are shown in this picture with the letter D.
 
| 6. If he then would make a Finda under your dagger, and would thereafter quickly thrust in, outwards over your Dagger, thus pay great attention to his thrusts from over your dagger, and that you turn your upper body, and parry his thrust away with your Dagger above towards your left side, and thrust with the Quarta at the same time as him underneath towards his right breast with a step to of the right foot, how you are shown in this picture with the letter D.
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| [[File:Heußler 2-E.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| [[File:Heußler 2-E.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| '''Follow how one should make the basic Finda'''
 
| '''Follow how one should make the basic Finda'''
 
7. When someone will extend their dagger well towards you, and give you the opening under his dagger, thus go at him with the point of your Rapper forwards against his Dagger, battire then with you right foot, when you think that you will be in the Measure, thus perform a Finda, hard inwards by his Dagger, how in this Figure you see.
 
7. When someone will extend their dagger well towards you, and give you the opening under his dagger, thus go at him with the point of your Rapper forwards against his Dagger, battire then with you right foot, when you think that you will be in the Measure, thus perform a Finda, hard inwards by his Dagger, how in this Figure you see.
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|-  
 
|-  
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| [[File:Heußler 2-F.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| [[File:Heußler 2-F.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| As soon as he will take out the Finda with his Dagger from under towards his left side, Thus cavire close and tight under his Dagger and thrust with the Second outwards above his Dagger how you will see in the following Figure, and with a step to of the right foot, with your dagger Parry away his thrust down towards your right side. B Follows?
 
| As soon as he will take out the Finda with his Dagger from under towards his left side, Thus cavire close and tight under his Dagger and thrust with the Second outwards above his Dagger how you will see in the following Figure, and with a step to of the right foot, with your dagger Parry away his thrust down towards your right side. B Follows?
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| [[File:Heußler 2-G.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| [[File:Heußler 2-G.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| '''Follow how you should perform a Finda outside and above his Dagger'''
 
| '''Follow how you should perform a Finda outside and above his Dagger'''
 
6 If one should give to you the opening outside and above his Dagger, thus go also with your Rappier's point forward and against his Dagger, as soon as you think that you will be in the Measure, thus Battire with the right foot and perform a Finda with the Secunda outside and over his dagger, how you are shown in the following image with the letter B.
 
6 If one should give to you the opening outside and above his Dagger, thus go also with your Rappier's point forward and against his Dagger, as soon as you think that you will be in the Measure, thus Battire with the right foot and perform a Finda with the Secunda outside and over his dagger, how you are shown in the following image with the letter B.
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|-  
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| [[File:Heußler 2-A.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| [[File:Heußler 2-A.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| As soon as he now will try to take you out with his Dagger using the same Finda, above towards his left side, thus cavire wind inwards and under his Dagger, and thrust with the Quarta outside under his left arm, how the preceeding Figure with the number 2 can be seen.
 
| As soon as he now will try to take you out with his Dagger using the same Finda, above towards his left side, thus cavire wind inwards and under his Dagger, and thrust with the Quarta outside under his left arm, how the preceeding Figure with the number 2 can be seen.
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:Heußler 2-C.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:Heußler 2-C.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| 7. When the Thrust occurs, thus fall with your kl: (Klingen?) wind him inwards on his Blade, thus you hinder him in his counter thrust, and stringire in the same his kl: thereby, thus as soon as he goes through under your Blade, or outside over your blade and means to thrust in, thus parry away his thrust with your Dagger, above towards your right side, and thrust with the Riversa outwards above his right Arm, how you can see in the Image with the Letter B.
 
| 7. When the Thrust occurs, thus fall with your kl: (Klingen?) wind him inwards on his Blade, thus you hinder him in his counter thrust, and stringire in the same his kl: thereby, thus as soon as he goes through under your Blade, or outside over your blade and means to thrust in, thus parry away his thrust with your Dagger, above towards your right side, and thrust with the Riversa outwards above his right Arm, how you can see in the Image with the Letter B.
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
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| [[File:Heußler 2-A.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| [[File:Heußler 2-A.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| '''Follow how one should perform the Double Finda'''
 
| '''Follow how one should perform the Double Finda'''
 
8 If someone lies before you with outstretched Dagger, and gives you the opening under his dagger, thus go at him with your Rappiers point forward at his Dagger, when you then think that you will be in the Measure, thus battire with your right Foot and perform on a him a Finda with the Secunda, hard inwards by his dagger, thus when he then will take you out with his dagger, from under towards your left side, then Cavire close and tight under and around his dagger, and perform in on him a Finda with the Secunda outside and over his Dagger, if he would then drive up towards his left side with his dagger, thus stab swiftly the Quarta outside and under his dagger, how you here can see in the Image marked with the Letter D.
 
8 If someone lies before you with outstretched Dagger, and gives you the opening under his dagger, thus go at him with your Rappiers point forward at his Dagger, when you then think that you will be in the Measure, thus battire with your right Foot and perform on a him a Finda with the Secunda, hard inwards by his dagger, thus when he then will take you out with his dagger, from under towards your left side, then Cavire close and tight under and around his dagger, and perform in on him a Finda with the Secunda outside and over his Dagger, if he would then drive up towards his left side with his dagger, thus stab swiftly the Quarta outside and under his dagger, how you here can see in the Image marked with the Letter D.
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|-  
 
|-  
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| [[File:Heußler 2-8.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| [[File:Heußler 2-8.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| '''From another Art'''
 
| '''From another Art'''
 
9. If one gives you his opening outside and over his dagger, thus go at him also with the point against his Dagger, battire then with the right foot, and perform the Finda on him, with the Secunda outwards and above his Dagger, if would do the same to you with his Dagger from above towards his left side and try to take you out, cavire quickly through, from under his Dagger, and perform a Finda on him, outwards under his Dagger, would he do the same with His Dagger, to parry you out, also under towards his left side, thus stab in quickly with the Secunda outwards while over his Dagger, with a step to of the Right foot, and with your Dagger, parry away his Blade under towards your right side, how the Image with the Letter B shows.
 
9. If one gives you his opening outside and over his dagger, thus go at him also with the point against his Dagger, battire then with the right foot, and perform the Finda on him, with the Secunda outwards and above his Dagger, if would do the same to you with his Dagger from above towards his left side and try to take you out, cavire quickly through, from under his Dagger, and perform a Finda on him, outwards under his Dagger, would he do the same with His Dagger, to parry you out, also under towards his left side, thus stab in quickly with the Secunda outwards while over his Dagger, with a step to of the Right foot, and with your Dagger, parry away his Blade under towards your right side, how the Image with the Letter B shows.
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|-  
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| [[File:Heußler 2-H.jpg|300x150px|center]]
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| [[File:Heußler 2-H.jpg|400x400px|center]]
 
| '''Follow now how one should perform the Finda from Below.'''
 
| '''Follow now how one should perform the Finda from Below.'''
 
10. When someone lies before with outstretched Dagger, and gives you the outside opening under his dagger, so face him thusly, allow your rappiers point to sink a little underneath, how you see in the Image with the Letter C: and go in at him a little to his left side.  
 
10. When someone lies before with outstretched Dagger, and gives you the outside opening under his dagger, so face him thusly, allow your rappiers point to sink a little underneath, how you see in the Image with the Letter C: and go in at him a little to his left side.  
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| Then, when you think that you will be in the Measure, thus battire with your right foot, and let your point fly in, from below, and at the same time perform a Finda with it outside of his Dagger, as soon as he would take you out with his dagger, above towards his left side, thus heave your point in over his Dagger, thus would he with his Dagger make the mistake, thrust in with the Quarta between his rappier and dagger, towards his right breast, how in this Image with the Letter D can be seen.
 
| Then, when you think that you will be in the Measure, thus battire with your right foot, and let your point fly in, from below, and at the same time perform a Finda with it outside of his Dagger, as soon as he would take you out with his dagger, above towards his left side, thus heave your point in over his Dagger, thus would he with his Dagger make the mistake, thrust in with the Quarta between his rappier and dagger, towards his right breast, how in this Image with the Letter D can be seen.
 
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| '''How one should from perform a Finda with the Secunda before his Dagger'''
 
| '''How one should from perform a Finda with the Secunda before his Dagger'''
 
12 If he positions himself with his dagger rather far from him, outstretched, thus go at him a little to his left side, when you then think that you will be in the Measure, then battire with your right foot and go at him with a finda with the Secuda under his Dagger, as soon as he would do the same Finda with his dagger towards his right side, and parry you out, thus step in to him deep with your right foot, and thrust in with the Quarta between his rappier and dagger towards his right breast, how it can be seen in the preceding image Number 6 with the letter D.: When the thrust occurs, thus fall quickly again with your Blade inwards on his blade; and stringire bind him on his blade with it.
 
12 If he positions himself with his dagger rather far from him, outstretched, thus go at him a little to his left side, when you then think that you will be in the Measure, then battire with your right foot and go at him with a finda with the Secuda under his Dagger, as soon as he would do the same Finda with his dagger towards his right side, and parry you out, thus step in to him deep with your right foot, and thrust in with the Quarta between his rappier and dagger towards his right breast, how it can be seen in the preceding image Number 6 with the letter D.: When the thrust occurs, thus fall quickly again with your Blade inwards on his blade; and stringire bind him on his blade with it.
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| '''Now follow how you should cut to his right leg'''
 
| '''Now follow how you should cut to his right leg'''
 
13 If he positions himself with his Dagger well to you outstretched, thus perform in to him an outward Finda over his Dagger and remain with your Blade on his dagger, as soon as he would thrust inwards towards you, then parry away his thrust with your dagger, down towards your right side, and allow your blade to run off from your right side, cut then with a step to of the right foot, towards his right leg or ear, how the following Image shows.
 
13 If he positions himself with his Dagger well to you outstretched, thus perform in to him an outward Finda over his Dagger and remain with your Blade on his dagger, as soon as he would thrust inwards towards you, then parry away his thrust with your dagger, down towards your right side, and allow your blade to run off from your right side, cut then with a step to of the right foot, towards his right leg or ear, how the following Image shows.
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| 16. When the thrust occurs, thus step with the right foot again rearwards, and position yourself with your Rappier in the Quarta Guardi, how you will be shown in the following Image.
 
| 16. When the thrust occurs, thus step with the right foot again rearwards, and position yourself with your Rappier in the Quarta Guardi, how you will be shown in the following Image.
 
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| As soon as he then will thrust in from the outside, over your right Arm, thus parry away his thrust with your Dagger above, towards your right side, and thrust in with the Riversa from outside and over his right arm, how it is seen in the preceding image with the Number 8.
 
| As soon as he then will thrust in from the outside, over your right Arm, thus parry away his thrust with your Dagger above, towards your right side, and thrust in with the Riversa from outside and over his right arm, how it is seen in the preceding image with the Number 8.
 
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| 17 When the same thrust also occurs, thus step with your right foot again rearwards, and position yourself in your Guardia, How it is seen in the preceding Image with the Number 1.
 
| 17 When the same thrust also occurs, thus step with your right foot again rearwards, and position yourself in your Guardia, How it is seen in the preceding Image with the Number 1.
 
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| As soon as he will thrust in, after you, thus parry his thrust away with your Dagger, down towards your right side, and thrust with the Secunda Contra tempo along with him, with a step to of the Right foot, how in the preceding image with the number 5 it is recorded:
 
| As soon as he will thrust in, after you, thus parry his thrust away with your Dagger, down towards your right side, and thrust with the Secunda Contra tempo along with him, with a step to of the Right foot, how in the preceding image with the number 5 it is recorded:
 
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| '''How you should perform the Chiamata to someone, under his Dagger'''
 
| '''How you should perform the Chiamata to someone, under his Dagger'''
 
21 If someone lays before you with outstretched Dagger, and give you the opening under his dagger, then, when you think you will be in the measure, thus battire with your right foot and perform a Chiamata under his dagger, quickly then pull your Blade again towards you, nearly in the lower Secunda, and also with your right foot, step a little rearwards, as soon as he then would thrust above to the opening, thus parry away his thrust with your dagger above towards your right side, and thrust in with the Secunda outside under his blade, towards his right Breast, how this Image with the Letter B shows:
 
21 If someone lays before you with outstretched Dagger, and give you the opening under his dagger, then, when you think you will be in the measure, thus battire with your right foot and perform a Chiamata under his dagger, quickly then pull your Blade again towards you, nearly in the lower Secunda, and also with your right foot, step a little rearwards, as soon as he then would thrust above to the opening, thus parry away his thrust with your dagger above towards your right side, and thrust in with the Secunda outside under his blade, towards his right Breast, how this Image with the Letter B shows:
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| 22 When he then thrusts to you above to the opening, and when you have performed the Chiamata, thus you can also parry away his thrust with your Dagger, above towards your right side, and with the riversa outside over his right Arm, thrust in well to his right breast, with a step to of the right foot, how the other Image with the number 6, can be seen as listed.
 
| 22 When he then thrusts to you above to the opening, and when you have performed the Chiamata, thus you can also parry away his thrust with your Dagger, above towards your right side, and with the riversa outside over his right Arm, thrust in well to his right breast, with a step to of the right foot, how the other Image with the number 6, can be seen as listed.
 
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| '''How One can use the Retrahiren'''
 
| '''How One can use the Retrahiren'''
 
24 Retrahire your upper body, and with your blade retrahire also at the same time with it, how you can see in this image; thus you have exposed your outside altogether with it.
 
24 Retrahire your upper body, and with your blade retrahire also at the same time with it, how you can see in this image; thus you have exposed your outside altogether with it.
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| As soon as he would then thrust outside to the opening, then parry away his thrust with your dagger above towards your right side, and thrust in with the Secunda outside and under his Blade towards his upper body, how in the preceding Image numbered 9 can be seen.
 
| As soon as he would then thrust outside to the opening, then parry away his thrust with your dagger above towards your right side, and thrust in with the Secunda outside and under his Blade towards his upper body, how in the preceding Image numbered 9 can be seen.
 
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| '''On another Art'''
 
| '''On another Art'''
 
29 Retrahire once more, thus your Blade, and would he then stringiren outside on your Blade, thus pay strict attention to his stringiret on you, and that you quickly cavirest through under his Blade and thrust in with the Quarta towards his inward turned Body, how you have seen in the preceding Image with the Number 2.
 
29 Retrahire once more, thus your Blade, and would he then stringiren outside on your Blade, thus pay strict attention to his stringiret on you, and that you quickly cavirest through under his Blade and thrust in with the Quarta towards his inward turned Body, how you have seen in the preceding Image with the Number 2.
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| '''On another Art'''
 
| '''On another Art'''
 
31 When one positions himself with his dagger a little back away from you, but with his Blade he is rather long, how it is shown in the preceding image with the Number 1: thus stringere his Blade outside, then once he would caviren through under your Blade, pay careful attention to his going through, and that you thrust in with the Tertia outside and over the half strong of his Blade, towards his upper body.
 
31 When one positions himself with his dagger a little back away from you, but with his Blade he is rather long, how it is shown in the preceding image with the Number 1: thus stringere his Blade outside, then once he would caviren through under your Blade, pay careful attention to his going through, and that you thrust in with the Tertia outside and over the half strong of his Blade, towards his upper body.
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| 32 There he who would lead with his Blade back and above you, when you thrust in on him with the Tertia outside and over the half strong of his Blade, and he performs a Quarta on you, thus parry away his thrust with your Dagger down towards your right side, and thrust with the Secunda Contra tempo towards his upper body, where you will see the Best Opening, how it can be seen in the preceding Image with the Number 9.
 
| 32 There he who would lead with his Blade back and above you, when you thrust in on him with the Tertia outside and over the half strong of his Blade, and he performs a Quarta on you, thus parry away his thrust with your Dagger down towards your right side, and thrust with the Secunda Contra tempo towards his upper body, where you will see the Best Opening, how it can be seen in the preceding Image with the Number 9.
 
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| '''When one would thrust on you, and How you should conduct the Mensur'''
 
| '''When one would thrust on you, and How you should conduct the Mensur'''
 
34 Position yourself in your Guardi, and when he would thrust inside towards your right breast, thus step with the right foot completely back, thus that you come with your left foot forward, and in this back stepping, then parry away his Blade with your dagger above towards your right side, quickly step again into him with your right foot, and thrust in with the Rivers outside and over his right arm, how in this Image it is seen.
 
34 Position yourself in your Guardi, and when he would thrust inside towards your right breast, thus step with the right foot completely back, thus that you come with your left foot forward, and in this back stepping, then parry away his Blade with your dagger above towards your right side, quickly step again into him with your right foot, and thrust in with the Rivers outside and over his right arm, how in this Image it is seen.
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| '''How one should use the Retrahiren'''
 
| '''How one should use the Retrahiren'''
 
35 You can also do very well, when he then thrusts inside and in on you, and you step back with the right foot, parry away his thrust with the dagger up towards your right side, and in this Parrying, thus wind your Blade upwards in the Secunda, step then with your right foot again into him, and thrust with the Secunda Contra Tempo along with him, towards his upper body, how it is seen in this Image.
 
35 You can also do very well, when he then thrusts inside and in on you, and you step back with the right foot, parry away his thrust with the dagger up towards your right side, and in this Parrying, thus wind your Blade upwards in the Secunda, step then with your right foot again into him, and thrust with the Secunda Contra Tempo along with him, towards his upper body, how it is seen in this Image.
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| 44 There he who would against your Tertia outside and over the Half Strong of his blade quickly cavirest through from his left towards his right under your blade, thus work quickly from the Tertia in the Quarta how you can see in this following Image.
 
| 44 There he who would against your Tertia outside and over the Half Strong of his blade quickly cavirest through from his left towards his right under your blade, thus work quickly from the Tertia in the Quarta how you can see in this following Image.
 
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| '''Another Technique'''
 
| '''Another Technique'''
 
46 [47] When one is positioned before you with his dagger well outstretched. And when you then think that you will be in the measure, then battire with the right foot and perform a finda with the Secunda outside on his Dagger, how this Image with the Letter B shows.
 
46 [47] When one is positioned before you with his dagger well outstretched. And when you then think that you will be in the measure, then battire with the right foot and perform a finda with the Secunda outside on his Dagger, how this Image with the Letter B shows.
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| 56 If one thrusts in on your inside, thus pay careful attention to his thrusts, that you with the right side or foot step back behind the left foot, and parry his thrust with the Blade, will he quickly again go through under the Blade, and will thrust in over your blade with the Tertia outside, so step back then with the left foot and parry his thrust with the Blade, will he quickly once again go through towards your inward turned body, thus voltire quickly the Quarta, and thrust with the Quarta towards his inward turned body, how this Image shows.
 
| 56 If one thrusts in on your inside, thus pay careful attention to his thrusts, that you with the right side or foot step back behind the left foot, and parry his thrust with the Blade, will he quickly again go through under the Blade, and will thrust in over your blade with the Tertia outside, so step back then with the left foot and parry his thrust with the Blade, will he quickly once again go through towards your inward turned body, thus voltire quickly the Quarta, and thrust with the Quarta towards his inward turned body, how this Image shows.
 
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| '''On another Art'''
 
| '''On another Art'''
 
57 If one thrusts in on you to the inside, thus step back with the right foot, and parry his thrust with the Blade, will he quickly again go through, and thrust outside, thus step back with the left foot, and parry that then with your Blade, as soon as he will once again go through, and will thrust inside to your inward turned body, thus parry with the dagger down towards the right side, and thrust with the Secunda Contra Tempo towards his upper body, how this Image shows:
 
57 If one thrusts in on you to the inside, thus step back with the right foot, and parry his thrust with the Blade, will he quickly again go through, and thrust outside, thus step back with the left foot, and parry that then with your Blade, as soon as he will once again go through, and will thrust inside to your inward turned body, thus parry with the dagger down towards the right side, and thrust with the Secunda Contra Tempo towards his upper body, how this Image shows:
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| 64 You can also do well when he goes through, and will thrust in to you from outside and over your Blade, takeout his thrust with your blade towards the right side, quickly fall then with your dagger outside and on the weak of his Blade, and thrust in with the Secunda outside and under his blade, how this Image shows:
 
| 64 You can also do well when he goes through, and will thrust in to you from outside and over your Blade, takeout his thrust with your blade towards the right side, quickly fall then with your dagger outside and on the weak of his Blade, and thrust in with the Secunda outside and under his blade, how this Image shows:
 
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| '''On another Art'''
 
| '''On another Art'''
 
76 [67] Stringire him then thusly, and as soon as he will go through and under your Blade, and thrust into you, from your outside, over your Blade, then Voltire quickly the Quarta, and thrust in under his Blade, into his inward turned body.
 
76 [67] Stringire him then thusly, and as soon as he will go through and under your Blade, and thrust into you, from your outside, over your Blade, then Voltire quickly the Quarta, and thrust in under his Blade, into his inward turned body.
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| '''How you should use the Quarta'''
 
| '''How you should use the Quarta'''
 
75 if one thrusts in right low under his dagger, quickly spring back, and expose your outside over the right arm, as soon as he will thrust in to the opening, then Voltire quickly the Quarta and thrust in with the Quarta under his dagger, towards his inward turned body.
 
75 if one thrusts in right low under his dagger, quickly spring back, and expose your outside over the right arm, as soon as he will thrust in to the opening, then Voltire quickly the Quarta and thrust in with the Quarta under his dagger, towards his inward turned body.
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| 78. Position yourself nearly in the high Secunda, and give a little opening of your inward turned body, as soon as he then will thrust inside to the opening, then parry with the blade, and unexpectedly thrust then with the Quarta inside towards his Chest, how this Image it can be seen.
 
| 78. Position yourself nearly in the high Secunda, and give a little opening of your inward turned body, as soon as he then will thrust inside to the opening, then parry with the blade, and unexpectedly thrust then with the Quarta inside towards his Chest, how this Image it can be seen.
 
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| 88 If one is positioned with his dagger outstretched well before you, and thus holds his Blade right under his dagger, how this Image shows:
 
| 88 If one is positioned with his dagger outstretched well before you, and thus holds his Blade right under his dagger, how this Image shows:
 
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| '''How you should position yourself in the Quarta Guardi'''
 
| '''How you should position yourself in the Quarta Guardi'''
 
90 Position yourself with the Quarta Guardi, and you expose your outside, above your right arm with it, how this Image with the Letter D shows. thus pay careful attention, as at once he will thrust to the outside opening, and that you cavirest under and through his thrust with the balde from the left to the right, and thrust with the Quarta inside towards his right Breast, you may also use the false step as you want.
 
90 Position yourself with the Quarta Guardi, and you expose your outside, above your right arm with it, how this Image with the Letter D shows. thus pay careful attention, as at once he will thrust to the outside opening, and that you cavirest under and through his thrust with the balde from the left to the right, and thrust with the Quarta inside towards his right Breast, you may also use the false step as you want.
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| '''Another Technique'''
 
| '''Another Technique'''
 
98 Place yourself with crossed body, and with the blade position yourself in the lower Secunda, and your Cross hold just a little higher than your right knee, and your blade's point leave to be seen straight out before you, thus then you would the inside opening give, and your dagger stretch way out well before you, how this Image shows
 
98 Place yourself with crossed body, and with the blade position yourself in the lower Secunda, and your Cross hold just a little higher than your right knee, and your blade's point leave to be seen straight out before you, thus then you would the inside opening give, and your dagger stretch way out well before you, how this Image shows
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| '''On another Art'''
 
| '''On another Art'''
 
99 Position yourself once again thusly, and he would not thrust in under your dagger, inside towards the right breast, thus parry away with the dagger up towards the right side and thrust quickly thereafter with the Quarta, that is in with the Riversa, from the outside and over his right arm, towards his right breast how this Image reveals.
 
99 Position yourself once again thusly, and he would not thrust in under your dagger, inside towards the right breast, thus parry away with the dagger up towards the right side and thrust quickly thereafter with the Quarta, that is in with the Riversa, from the outside and over his right arm, towards his right breast how this Image reveals.
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| '''Several Nice Lectiones from the Prima Guardi'''
 
| '''Several Nice Lectiones from the Prima Guardi'''
 
104 Postion yourself in the prima, and sink your body further well before, thus that you yourself look somewhat buckled, therewith the body well in the middle will be withdrawn, how these Images show.
 
104 Postion yourself in the prima, and sink your body further well before, thus that you yourself look somewhat buckled, therewith the body well in the middle will be withdrawn, how these Images show.
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| '''How you should perform the double Dinda with the Prima'''
 
| '''How you should perform the double Dinda with the Prima'''
 
108 If your opponent is positioned with his blade long, and somewhat behind, thus perfom on him the Prima firstly a Ligation outwards on his blade who in these Images it is seen,
 
108 If your opponent is positioned with his blade long, and somewhat behind, thus perfom on him the Prima firstly a Ligation outwards on his blade who in these Images it is seen,
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| Therefore one who is an informed reader will attribute, alone it is looked upon, that when the opponents' point winds against your right side, should you oppose outside, and when oppose that you should the lower guards Stringiren, so must it happen with the Weapon in hanging blade, thus well in the third?, than in the fourth, how in these Images can be seen.
 
| Therefore one who is an informed reader will attribute, alone it is looked upon, that when the opponents' point winds against your right side, should you oppose outside, and when oppose that you should the lower guards Stringiren, so must it happen with the Weapon in hanging blade, thus well in the third?, than in the fourth, how in these Images can be seen.
 
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| 2. This following Image shows what is skillful, that one in three different points the enemy can be thrusted, from only one taking out with the dagger, which from the following knowledge should happen, When your opponent his guard inside have bound upon, be in the type of guard that it may, thus inwards it is neatly to stringirest? he can take you out and in two different ways thrust you in the face and chest. The when he has cavirted to wound you, then must you inside with the dagger take out his rappier over your right Arm, and in the first opportunity, you can from high above thrust behind, namely in the face or under the shoulder to the Chest, or thigh, in the other united only in the face or Thigh,. how this Image witnesses.
 
| 2. This following Image shows what is skillful, that one in three different points the enemy can be thrusted, from only one taking out with the dagger, which from the following knowledge should happen, When your opponent his guard inside have bound upon, be in the type of guard that it may, thus inwards it is neatly to stringirest? he can take you out and in two different ways thrust you in the face and chest. The when he has cavirted to wound you, then must you inside with the dagger take out his rappier over your right Arm, and in the first opportunity, you can from high above thrust behind, namely in the face or under the shoulder to the Chest, or thigh, in the other united only in the face or Thigh,. how this Image witnesses.
 
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| When you find yourself in Terita with drawn arm, and the dagger with the Weapon are together, and when you find the enemy in the Quarta or in your same guard, thus cut on inwards to his blade with your Quarta to stirngiren, and leave your dagger against his right side straight in ahead or Obliqua Lines sink down, thus when your enemy goes through to harm your chest with the Quarta, thus parry in the same Tempo with the flat of your dagger from outside to underneath you, and with winding around his point, heave the Crossguard of your Weapon aboveyou, so you harm him outside on the body and oppose in that he his weapon with power must let fall. ??/ How this following Image shows>
+
| When you find yourself in Terita with drawn arm, and the dagger with the Weapon are together, and when you find the enemy in the Quarta or in your same guard, thus cut on inwards to his blade with your Quarta to stirngiren, and leave your dagger against his right side straight in ahead or Obliqua Lines sink down, thus when your enemy goes through to harm your chest with the Quarta, thus parry in the same Tempo with the flat of your dagger from outside to underneath you, and with winding around his point, heave the Crossguard of your Weapon aboveyou, so you harm him outside on the body and oppose in that he his weapon with power must let fall. ??? How this following Image shows.
 
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| When you find yourself in Quarta with your dagger high, and your Opponent in whatever Guard he wants, still with your right foot forward, that one can bind on him inside, thus hew into him inwards, to stringiren with the Quarta and thus when he cavirts you to harm you with his Quarta to the face, then parry inside with your dagger above your right Arm, thus you can harm him with a revrsa to his leg, or with the Quarta under the Arm, how the following Image shows.
 
| When you find yourself in Quarta with your dagger high, and your Opponent in whatever Guard he wants, still with your right foot forward, that one can bind on him inside, thus hew into him inwards, to stringiren with the Quarta and thus when he cavirts you to harm you with his Quarta to the face, then parry inside with your dagger above your right Arm, thus you can harm him with a revrsa to his leg, or with the Quarta under the Arm, how the following Image shows.
 
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  | source link = http://freifechter.com/heussler.pdf
 
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Latest revision as of 18:56, 29 October 2023

Sebastian Heußler
Born 1581
Nuremberg
Died after 1645 (?)
Spouse(s) Sabina Prünsterer
Relative(s) Leonhard Heußler (father)
Occupation
Movement Freifechter
Influences
Influenced Johann Daniel Lange
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Notable work(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
The title of this article contains the character ß. Where it is unavailable or not desired, the name may be represented as Sebastian Heussler.

Sebastian Heußler was a 17th century German Freifechter. A native of Nuremberg, Germany, he was the eldest son of printer Leonhard Heußler, and as a youth he was trained in his father's craft. It is unclear if he was apprenticed to Christoph Lochner, but he was working as a type-setter in Lochner's workshop by 1599. He married Sabina Prünsterer in 1601 and purchased a house in Nuremberg in 1603. Heußler probably certified as a master printer during this time, and he was listed in the records of the printing guild from 1601-04 and again in 1607.[1]

In 1608 at the age of 27, Heußler abandoned his craft and henceforth devoted himself to studying the Chivalric Art of Fencing that had captivated him since childhood (he may also have been focused on fencing during his sabbatical from printing in 1605-06).[2] Heußler seems to have originally been a student of Hans Wilhelm Schöffer von Dietz, the fencing master of Marburg, which is also where his education in the style of Salvator Fabris began.[citation needed] He ultimately left his native Germany, where he said that the arts were less cherished, and traveled through Italy, France, England, and the Netherlands.[3] Heußler is described as both a Kriegsmann (man-at-arms) and monatsreiter ("month-rider"), which seems to indicate that like many fencing masters he supported himself as a mercenary.[4] He likely held the elite position of color guard in his unit,[2] as he would later author a book on the art of flag-waving. It's unclear how much time Heußler spent in Nuremberg after 1608; he moved his wife to a new home in 1615, but in 1617 when the old home was sold, his wife negotiated the deal in his absence.[4]

In 1615, Heußler authored a fencing manual entitled Neu Kunstlich Fechtbuch ("New Illustrated Fencing Manual"), illustrated by noted Nuremberg engraver Gabriel Weyer and printed by the son of his former master, Ludwig Lochner. The book treats the use of the rapier, a system described as being in the style of the famous Italian masters Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli and Salvator Fabris.[3] The following year he co-authored his New Kůnstlich Fahnenbůchlein ("New Illustrated Flag-Waving Manual") with Johannes Renner. Heußler's fencing manual was apparently well-received, and was reprinted at least seven times (in whole or in part) over the subsequent fifty years.

Little is known of Heußler's life after the publication of his books. Some sources assume him dead by 1630, but there is record of a General Sebastian Heußler serving the King of Denmark in 1645;[4] it cannot be determined at this time whether this is a reference to the fencing master or not.

Treatise

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. ↑ Steiner, Harald. Das Autorenhonorar: seine Entwicklungsgeschichte vom 17. bis 19. Jahrhundert. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998. p35. (Translated by Kevin Maurer)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Maurer, Kevin. Sebastian Heussler (1581 - 1645) Buchdrucker, Freifechter and Kreigsmann, from Nürnberg. Meyer Frei Fechter Guild, 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Steiner, Harald. Das Autorenhonorar: seine Entwicklungsgeschichte vom 17. bis 19. Jahrhundert. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998. p37. (Translated by Kevin Maurer)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Boesch, Hans. "Der Monatsreiter, Fechter und Fahnenschwinger Sebastian Heußler zu Nürnberg". Mitteilungen aus dem Germanischen Nationalmuseum. Nuremberg: Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg, 1904. p137. (Translated by Kevin Maurer)
Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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