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| <p>[91] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his right side, etc.</p>
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| <p>[91] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his right side, then shoot in the point long in to the nearest opening of his left side, etc.<ref>The previous segment of the Augsburg is omitted because it is a truncated version of this one, probably a scribal error: "Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his right side, etc."</ref></p>
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| <p>[92] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his right side, then shoot in the point long in to the nearest opening of his left side, etc.</p>
 
 
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| <p>[93] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his left side, then shoot the point long in to the lower opening of his right side, and see the Setting-on therewith always. If he becomes aware of the shooting in and parries, then remain with the sword on his, and work quickly there<ref name="word-s"/> to the nearest opening, etc.</p>
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| <p>[92] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his left side, then shoot the point long in to the lower opening of his right side, and see the Setting-on therewith always. If he becomes aware of the shooting in and parries, then remain with the sword on his, and work quickly there<ref name="word-s"/> to the nearest opening, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[94] Item. You shall also know as soon as you both come together in the onset and as soon as he lifts up his sword and will strike-around, you shall immediately fall into the point and thrust to the nearest opening. But if he will not go with the sword, then you yourself shall go with your sword and as soon as or every time as you end a strike, fall into the point every time, in-the-moment. If you can execute the setting-on correctly, then he must balance or shift himself hard. It must allow you a wound.</p>
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| <p>[93] Item. You shall also know as soon as you both come together in the onset and as soon as he lifts up his sword and will strike-around, you shall immediately fall into the point and thrust to the nearest opening. But if he will not go with the sword, then you yourself shall go with your sword and as soon as or every time as you end a strike, fall into the point every time, in-the-moment. If you can execute the setting-on correctly, then he must balance or shift himself hard. It must allow you a wound.</p>
 
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| <p>[96] '''Item, the first technique from the Traveling-after'''</p>
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| <p>[95] '''Item, the first technique from the Traveling-after'''</p>
  
 
<p>drive that thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot forward and stand in the guard From the Day, and see well even what he fences against you. If he then hews in<ref name="word-s"/> long from his right shoulder, then do not parry him, and wait that he does not reach you with the hew. Then mark while his sword goes below you against the earth, then spring to him<ref>"to him" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> with the right foot, and hew him above in to the opening of his right side before when he comes up again. So he is struck, etc.</p>
 
<p>drive that thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot forward and stand in the guard From the Day, and see well even what he fences against you. If he then hews in<ref name="word-s"/> long from his right shoulder, then do not parry him, and wait that he does not reach you with the hew. Then mark while his sword goes below you against the earth, then spring to him<ref>"to him" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> with the right foot, and hew him above in to the opening of his right side before when he comes up again. So he is struck, etc.</p>
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| <p>[97] '''Item, another technique.'''</p>
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| <p>[96] '''Item, another technique.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When he hews at you and you hew after him, if he then drives quickly up with the sword and parries, then remain strongly with the long edge on his sword. If he then lifts upwards with the sword, then spring with the left foot well behind his right, and strike him with the Thwart or such to the right side of his head, and work quickly around to his left side with the Doubling, or such with other techniques thereafter, if you find he is Soft or Hard on the sword. And that is the Outer Minding, etc.</p>
 
<p>When he hews at you and you hew after him, if he then drives quickly up with the sword and parries, then remain strongly with the long edge on his sword. If he then lifts upwards with the sword, then spring with the left foot well behind his right, and strike him with the Thwart or such to the right side of his head, and work quickly around to his left side with the Doubling, or such with other techniques thereafter, if you find he is Soft or Hard on the sword. And that is the Outer Minding, etc.</p>
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| <p>[98] '''Item, yet another technique.'''</p>
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| <p>[97] '''Item, yet another technique.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When he hews before you and you hew after him, if you then bind on his sword against<ref name="word-s"/> his left side, and he then strikes quickly around with the Thwart<ref>S. ''were'': "weapon".</ref> from the parrying to your right side, then come in Meanwhile with the Thwart ahead before under his sword against his left side on his neck. Or, spring with the left foot on his right side<ref>"on his neck... on his right side" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> and hew after his hew to the right side. Or, drive the slice in over his arm to the head, etc.</p>
 
<p>When he hews before you and you hew after him, if you then bind on his sword against<ref name="word-s"/> his left side, and he then strikes quickly around with the Thwart<ref>S. ''were'': "weapon".</ref> from the parrying to your right side, then come in Meanwhile with the Thwart ahead before under his sword against his left side on his neck. Or, spring with the left foot on his right side<ref>"on his neck... on his right side" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> and hew after his hew to the right side. Or, drive the slice in over his arm to the head, etc.</p>
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| <p>[99] '''Item, yet a Traveling-after.'''</p>
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| <p>[98] '''Item, yet a Traveling-after.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When you fight against him from Under-hewing or from Slashing, or you lie against him in the guard Fool, if he then falls with the sword on yours ere you then come up,<ref>S. "ere when you come up"</ref> then remain thus below on the sword, and lift upwards. If he will then hew you from the parrying or Wind-in on<ref>S. "to"</ref> the sword, then let him not come off from the sword, and follow after him thereon, and work therewith to the nearest opening.</p>
 
<p>When you fight against him from Under-hewing or from Slashing, or you lie against him in the guard Fool, if he then falls with the sword on yours ere you then come up,<ref>S. "ere when you come up"</ref> then remain thus below on the sword, and lift upwards. If he will then hew you from the parrying or Wind-in on<ref>S. "to"</ref> the sword, then let him not come off from the sword, and follow after him thereon, and work therewith to the nearest opening.</p>
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| <p>[100] {{red|b=1|Another}}</p>
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<p>Item, mark, you shall Travel-after him from all guards and from all hews as quickly as you can, when he hews before you or opens himself with the sword.</p>
 
<p>Item, mark, you shall Travel-after him from all guards and from all hews as quickly as you can, when he hews before you or opens himself with the sword.</p>
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| <p>[102] Mark<ref>S. "work".</ref> the Feeling thus: When you come with him to the pre-fencing, and one binds the other on the sword, then Meanwhile, as the sword clash together, you shall Feel with the hand if he has bound on Soft or Hard. And as quickly as you Feel<ref>S. ''entphindest'': "perceive".</ref> Soft or Hard, then think on the word Meanwhile, that is, that you shall work quickly with the sword in the Feeling, so he becomes struck ere<ref>S. "ere when".</ref> you are.</p>
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| <p>[101] Mark<ref>S. "work".</ref> the Feeling thus: When you come with him to the pre-fencing, and one binds the other on the sword, then Meanwhile, as the sword clash together, you shall Feel with the hand if he has bound on Soft or Hard. And as quickly as you Feel<ref>S. ''entphindest'': "perceive".</ref> Soft or Hard, then think on the word Meanwhile, that is, that you shall work quickly with the sword in the Feeling, so he becomes struck ere<ref>S. "ere when".</ref> you are.</p>
 
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| <p>[103] Item, now you shall know that Feeling and the word Meanwhile may not be one without the other, and undertake that thus. When you bind on his sword, then you must Feel Soft or Hard with the word Meanwhile. And when you Feel, then you must yet work Meanwhile. Thus are they always by one another, since the word Meanwhile is in all techniques. </p>
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| <p>[102] Item, now you shall know that Feeling and the word Meanwhile may not be one without the other, and undertake that thus. When you bind on his sword, then you must Feel Soft or Hard with the word Meanwhile. And when you Feel, then you must yet work Meanwhile. Thus are they always by one another, since the word Meanwhile is in all techniques. </p>
 
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| <p>[104] Mark that thus; Meanwhile Doubles, Meanwhile Mutates, Meanwhile Changes-through, Meanwhile Runs-through, Meanwhile takes the Slice, Meanwhile wrestles with, Meanwhile<ref>Word doubled in the Salzburg.</ref> takes the sword.<ref>S. "word".</ref> Meanwhile does what your heart desires. Meanwhile is a sharp word by which all masters become sliced, and they do not know or understand the word Meanwhile from previously, etc.</p>
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| <p>[103] Mark that thus; Meanwhile Doubles, Meanwhile Mutates, Meanwhile Changes-through, Meanwhile Runs-through, Meanwhile takes the Slice, Meanwhile wrestles with, Meanwhile<ref>Word doubled in the Salzburg.</ref> takes the sword.<ref>S. "word".</ref> Meanwhile does what your heart desires. Meanwhile is a sharp word by which all masters become sliced, and they do not know or understand the word Meanwhile from previously, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[107] Item, mark when you have bound<ref>S. ''bindest gebünde~''.</ref> him strongly on his sword, if he then strikes from the parrying around you to the other side, then bind him yet with the long edge strongly on his sword, above to the head, and work to the openings as before. Drive that to both sides, etc.</p>
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| <p>[106] Item, mark when you have bound<ref>S. ''bindest gebünde~''.</ref> him strongly on his sword, if he then strikes from the parrying around you to the other side, then bind him yet with the long edge strongly on his sword, above to the head, and work to the openings as before. Drive that to both sides, etc.</p>
 
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Revision as of 14:43, 13 July 2016

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

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This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 14:43, 13 July 2016 (UTC). (Update)

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.

Treatises

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, but do appear in Ringeck (and constitute almost 10% of that gloss); this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome,[2] while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, consisting solely of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B) which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version (included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work, though Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this copy is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents much more closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were originally presented in a single concordance on the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig page, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved here to Jud Lew's page, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the page of Pseudo-Danzig. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it has been omitted for the present.

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. ↑ Zabinski, pp 82-83
  3. ↑ "thereby the hew" omitted from the Salzburg.
  4. ↑ Salzburg: "right-side foot".
  5. ↑ sic : nahent
  6. ↑ sic : rechten
  7. ↑ sic : lonen
  8. ↑ S. "peasant hew".
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 9.20 9.21 9.22 9.23 9.24 9.25 9.26 9.27 9.28 9.29 9.30 9.31 9.32 9.33 9.34 9.35 9.36 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  10. ↑ Could be read as “schlichter”.
  11. ↑ Sentence up to this point omitted from the Augsburg.
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  13. ↑ "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  15. ↑ "To you truthfully" omitted from the Augsburg.
  16. ↑ "of the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  17. ↑ Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  18. ↑ "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  19. ↑ "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  20. ↑ Here Salzburg segues into Sigmund ain Ringeck's gloss of the same verse describing hot the Crooked hew is used as a counter-cut: "This is how you shall cut crooked to the hands, and execute the play thusly: When he cuts from your[sic: his] right side with the over- or under-cut, spring away from the cut with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him with outstretched arms with the [point] upon his hands."
  21. ↑ S. "the man"
  22. ↑ "with the short edge" omitted from the Salzburg.
  23. ↑ S. "sword hews".
  24. ↑ S. "the man".
  25. ↑ sic : schwerts
  26. ↑ Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.
  27. ↑ Augsburg just has "protect".
  28. ↑ A. "your"
  29. ↑ Salzburg doubles "schlag".
  30. ↑ "and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.
  31. ↑ A. treffen, S. griffen.
  32. ↑ S. "the man"
  33. ↑ "and every" omitted from the Salzburg.
  34. ↑ S. "or"
  35. ↑ A. "on"
  36. ↑ A. "to the"
  37. ↑ A. "to the"
  38. ↑ "and slice" omitted from the Salzburg.
  39. ↑ "if that is what you wish" omitted from the Salzburg.
  40. ↑ sic : deinem
  41. ↑ S. "his"
  42. ↑ A. aber: "yet".
  43. ↑ "and all Winding... are all short" omitted from the Salzburg.
  44. ↑ A. anwind: "wind on".
  45. ↑ S. "the man"
  46. ↑ S. "your"
  47. ↑ Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  48. ↑ After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.
  49. ↑ S. "thrusts your point up".
  50. ↑ Clause omitted from the Augsburg.
  51. ↑ Augsburg doubles the phrase "and hold your sword on your right side with the hilt in front". This is probably a scribal error.
  52. ↑ This verse is glossed together with 70 in the Augsburg, but the Salzburg separates it out.
  53. ↑ The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and are therefore omitted here.
  54. ↑ Mittels Einfügezeichen korrigiert aus »siten rechten«
  55. ↑ The previous segment of the Augsburg is omitted because it is a truncated version of this one, probably a scribal error: "Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his right side, etc."
  56. ↑ "that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.
  57. ↑ "do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.
  58. ↑ "to him" omitted from the Salzburg.
  59. ↑ S. were: "weapon".
  60. ↑ "on his neck... on his right side" omitted from the Salzburg.
  61. ↑ S. "ere when you come up"
  62. ↑ S. "to"
  63. ↑ A. "in"
  64. ↑ Salzburg doubles "the feeling".
  65. ↑ "Feel and cannot undertake" omitted from the Salzburg. This is probably a scribal error, jumping from one instance of nicht to the next.
  66. ↑ S. "work".
  67. ↑ S. entphindest: "perceive".
  68. ↑ S. "ere when".
  69. ↑ Word doubled in the Salzburg.
  70. ↑ S. "word".
  71. ↑ S. "right or left side".
  72. ↑ S. bindest gebünde~.
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Disappears into the binding.
  74. ↑ S. "after".
  75. ↑ Corrected from 'mit'.
  76. ↑ S. "wind".
  77. ↑ S. "Technique".
  78. ↑ A. "Item".
  79. ↑ Word doubled in the Augsburg.
  80. ↑ "down a little" omitted from the Salzburg.
  81. ↑ "before you" omitted from the Salzburg.
  82. ↑ S. dring.
  83. ↑ "at the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  84. ↑ "and thrust... the right" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of siner rechte~.
  85. ↑ sic : sein rechten bis repetita
  86. ↑ S. "Another wrestling".
  87. ↑ A. "him".
  88. ↑ A. "his".
  89. ↑ S. "weapon".
  90. ↑ S. "your".
  91. ↑ A. "with".
  92. ↑ S. "his".
  93. ↑ "and from each single Winding" omitted from the Salzburg.
  94. ↑ S. "be it an Over-/Under-hew".
  95. ↑ ”einwindẽ durchwindẽ“ written in another hand above the line.
  96. ↑ Illegible word from another hand written above the line.
  97. ↑ A. "noblest"
  98. ↑ Rest der Zeile verschwindet im Bund
  99. ↑ S. "the man".
  100. ↑ S. "against".
  101. ↑ S. "your".
  102. ↑ S. "your".
  103. ↑ "in the techniques" omitted from the Salzburg.
  104. ↑ korrigiert aus »schnudt«


Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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