Wiktenauer logo.png

Difference between revisions of "Nicolaüs"

From Wiktenauer
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 680: Line 680:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[33] </p>
+
| <p>[33] '''Here begins the cross cut with its plays'''</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>49</small>
 +
| The cross seizes<br/>Whatever arrives from the roof
 +
|}
 +
<p>Gloss: Note the cross cut breaks the roof guard and any cut that is cut from above to low. Execute the cross cut like this, when you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, if they then stand facing you and hold their sword upwards with outstretched arms, high over their head in guard and threatens to cut in from above and come before yours,<ref>Augsburg II omits: "threatens to cut in from above and come before yours" and replaces it with: "and waits upon you" as per the Lew</ref> then advance your left foot and hold your sword with the flat at your right shoulder and dart well to your right side with your right foot and wind your sword in front of your face by the hilt while darting such that your thumb goes underneath and strike them on the left side of their head with your short edge.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>But if they go forwards with their cut before you do, then dart away from the cut well to your right side with your right foot using the same afore written parrying movement such that you catch their cut in their hilt and then strike in with the cross cut in the afore named place.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS KK5126 108r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|1|lbl=108v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS KK5126 108r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|1|lbl=108v|p=1}}
Line 692: Line 700:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[34] <ref>Here the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna version]] is similar to [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]], whereas the [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsberg version]] resembles [[Jud Lew]].</ref></p>
+
| <p>[34]<ref>Here the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna version]] is similar to [[Pseudo-Peter von Danzig]], whereas the [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsberg version]] resembles [[Jud Lew]].</ref> </p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>50</small>
 +
| Cross with the strong<br/>Note your work with it.
 +
|}
 +
<p>This is: when you strike via the cross cut, you should strike with the entire strength of your body, because you pressure the opponent with strength and win their opening with it and understand it like this. When you initiate a strike or cut from the right side via the cross cut, if the opponent parries and binds strong against your sword with it, then either execute doubling or from your cross cut drive their sword away with your hilt and strike them on the other side of their head.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you initiate a cut via the cross cut and the opponent parries and binds soft against the sword, then execute mutating into their lower opening or drive your sword to the other side against their neck and dart behind their left foot with your right an drag them over it with your sword.<ref>Augsburg II: "Gloss: This is When you initiate a cut via the cross cut, do it with strength. Then if they parry, rise up to the weak of their sword with the strong of your sword. If you then seize the weak of their sword, work over their sword to either the lower opening or high against their neck by mutating. But if they are too strong mit their act of parrying, then shove their sword away and strike on their other side via the cross cut. Or if they will rush in, then take the slice under their arms or await the wrestling.</ref></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}}
Line 704: Line 720:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[35] </p>
 
| <p>[35] </p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>51</small>
 +
| Cross to the plow<br/>Yoke hard to the ox
 +
|-
 +
| <small>51</small>
 +
| Whoever crosses themselves well<br/>Endangers the head with darting
 +
|}
 +
<p>Note you have heard before that the ox and the plow are two guards or two positions, but here they designate the four openings. The ox: these are the two openings on the left and right side of the head. Similarly, the plow is also the left and right side of the lower half of someone's waist. You shall put all four openings to the test in one sortie with the cross strikes.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 005v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 005v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 713: Line 738:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[36] </p>
+
| <p>[36] '''Here note the cross strikes to the four openings.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, advance your left foot and dart well to your right side with your right foot facing them and strike them with your complete power at the ox opening of their left side with a cross cut from above. If they then parry your strike, immediately strike down to the plow opening on their right side, further driving the cross strike swiftly over and over, one to the ox opening and the other to the plow, from one side to the other crosswise, to the head and to the body. You must always keep in mind that you shall always dart out to one side with each and every cross strike so that you can fully hit the opponent's head and also take care that you are well covered above all the while by your hilt.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 005v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 005v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 725: Line 752:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[37] </p>
+
| <p>[37] '''This is the text of the play that here is called the failer'''</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>52</small>
 +
| The failer misleads the believer<br/>Wounding from below according to desire
 +
|}
 +
<p>Note the failer is a play with which the fencers that like to parry and that strike at the sword and not to the openings of the body become confused and wounded according to desire.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 006r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 006r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 735: Line 768:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[38] </p>
+
| <p>[38] '''Execute the failer like this'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, then make a rising cut from both sides. If you subsequently come against the opponent with the rising cut from your right side, then shoot your point long into their chest with it, so that they must parry. Then immediately dart to their right side with your left foot and act as if you will strike them on that side with the cross cut and abort the cut and strike immediately back around to the left side. Or if you come against them with your rising cut from the left side, then shoot in the point long and high and conduct the failer as before on the right side.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 006r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 006r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 745: Line 780:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[39] </p>
+
| <p>[39] '''This is the text of the play which here is called the inverter.'''</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
 
+
| <small>53</small>
<p>Gloss The inverter. This is the half-hew. You shall deliver it suspiciously with the onset when you want to overwhelm the opponent so that you may run-through him and correctly clasp him with wrestling.</p>
+
| The inverter compels<br/>Slipping through and also wrestles with it.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>54</small>
 +
| Take the elbow surely<br/>Dart into their stance
 +
|}
 +
<p>Gloss The inverter. This is the half cut. You shall deliver it covertly with the initiation of fencing when you want to overwhelm the opponent so that you slip through him and hold them correctly with wrestling.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 760: Line 800:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[40] </p>
+
| <p>[40] '''Execute the inverter like this'''</p>
  
<p>When you have gone halfway to him with the onset, then take the second half further on to him, over and over with the left foot forwards and hew an under-hew after each tread in accordance with the left foot. and with the hew, turn always turn the long edge upwards on the sword and hew after with the long edge back downwards and as soon as you bind on his sword, then hang in the point high and stab him in the face. If he displaces the stab and drives high with the arms then run-through.</p>
+
<p>When you have gone halfway with the initiation of fencing, carry out the other half of the pass forward to the opponent over and over with the left foot and make a free rising cut to the right side after every advance in accordance with the left foot and with each the cut invert and turn the long edge of the sword upwards and as soon as you bind up against their sword with that, Indes, angle your point in from above and stab them in the face. If they parry your thrust and rise up high with their arms, then slip through them. But if they stay low with their hands during the parry, then seize their right elbow with your left hand and dart in front of their right foot with your left and shove them over it like this. Or if you won't shove them over your foot, then pass your left arm back around their body and throw them over your hip.</p>
 
 
...
 
 
 
<p>Or if you do not wish to shove him over the foot, then drive him with the left arm behind his body and throw him over your left hip.</p>
 
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 108v.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
  
Line 778: Line 814:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[41] You shall find how you shall run-through written hereafter in the play that says it like this: "Run through, let hang; with the pommel grab if you wish to wrangle"</p>
+
| <p>[41] Likewise. And how you shall slip through, you shall find that written hereafter in the part which says: "Slip through, let the pommel hang if you wish to grapple".</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 109r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 109r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 006v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 006v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 788: Line 824:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[42] </p>
+
| <p>[42] '''The text'''</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>55</small>
 +
| Double the failer<br/>If one hits then make the slice with [it]
 +
|-
 +
| <small>56</small>
 +
| Double further<br/>Stride in left and be not lax
 +
|}
 +
<p>Note this is called the double failer. Conduct it like this: When you come to the opponent with the initiation of fencing, then advance your left foot and hold your sword at your right<ref>Vienna: left</ref> shoulder and when it is right for you, dart well out to your right side with your left foot counter to them and act as if you will make a free cross cut to the left side of their head, abort the cut and dart all the way around to their right side with your left foot and strike them in the head with the cross strike. If they then parry and you hit their sword, then step on past close to them, on the same side and slice from behind their sword's edge into their mouth by doubling with the short edge or fall across their arms with your sword and slice.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 109r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 109r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 799: Line 844:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[43] </p>
+
| <p>[43] You can also just as well execute the failer from descending cuts as you would from the cross strikes.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 109r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS KK5126 109r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 007r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 007r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 856: Line 901:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 050r.jpg|5|lbl=50r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 050r.jpg|5|lbl=50r}}
 +
 +
<p><br/><br/></p>
  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 050v.jpg|1|lbl=50v}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.Guelf.38.21 Aug.2º 050v.jpg|1|lbl=50v}}

Revision as of 21:57, 22 February 2020

Nicolaüs Augsburger
Died after 1489
Occupation Fencing master
Citizenship Augsburg, Germany
Movement Augsburg tradition
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer
Influenced Jörg Wilhalm Hutter
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Currently lost
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester

Nicolaüs was a 15th century German fencing master, presumably from Augsburg.[1] Nothing is known about this master outside of his treatise, but he seems to have been an initiate of the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer (his treatise always appears coupled with a repetition of the grand master's Record). On or around 2 July 1489,[2] he seems to have completed some version of a gloss on fencing with the long sword, apparently based on a the anonymous pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into at least three branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered a fourth branch).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more plays overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Branch A is sometimes called the Jud Lew gloss, based on a potential attribution at the end of the mounted gloss in a few copies. Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[3] and also incorporates twelve paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and nineteen paragraphs from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer plays overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1535-40) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[4] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling plays from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

Branch C is first attested in the Vienna version (1480s). It is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique plays of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A (though not identical). The other substantial copy of Branch C is the Augsburg version II (1553), which was created by Paulus Hector Mair based on the writings of Antonius Rast, and which segues into the text of Ringeck's gloss for the final eighteen paragraphs. A substantial fragment of Branch C is present in five additional 16th century manuscripts alongside the illustrated treatise of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter; one of these, Glasgow II (1533) assigns the text a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489. This branch has received the least attention and is currently the least understood.

Treatise

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in the pseudo-Peter von Danzig article, the differences between them are extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, Branch B has been retained on the main pseudo-Danzig page, and branch C is presented here.

To allow easier comparison between the two complete versions, Augsburg II is presented in the column next to Vienna, before the earlier fragmentary versions.

Additional Resources

References

  1. His work is only associated with treatises by Aurgsubrg residents.
  2. The date of the Visitation of Mary, the feast day mentioned in the Glasgow version of his treatise.
  3. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  4. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  5. 5.0 5.1 In Hutter, there is no demarcation between the verse and the gloss, and these two paragraphs appear to belong to the verse.
  6. Vienna: cleave closely behind
  7. Vienna: completely wrong
  8. Written "with before" in the text, which marks indicating that the words should be reversed.
  9. Augsburg: "Gloss: When you arrive at the opponent, then whatever you wish to fence, drive that with your entire strength. Strike them to the head and to the body from close proximity and remain with your point in front of their face or chest, so that they cannot change through in front of your point. And then if they bind strongly against your sword and rise up high with their sword, then strike below to their body or give them a flesh wound upon their arm before they come to their senses and immediately dart back from that."
  10. Könnte auch als »thun« gelesen werden.
  11. Augsburg terminates here.
  12. Vienna: threats
  13. Augsburg II: You will learn about this hereafter
  14. Augsburg II: "Gloss: Note here the correct chief components of the recital of the long sword have been named and is seventeen side by side."
  15. Vienna: "those will be clarified.
  16. Augsburg II: descending cut
  17. sic. The next line reads: "then you cut from above from your right side as well" It is from their right side. The Augsburg II conserves this mistake
  18. Augsburg II: when the opponent strikes for your head from your right side from above
  19. Line is omitted from the Vienna
  20. Augsburg II: displace. (Matches the Lew)
  21. Augsburg II omits: or cut
  22. Vienna omits "not"
  23. Vienna omits "with all cuts and thrusts"
  24. The verse matching this is slightly different further down: "Learn to remain upon them if you wish to finish", but this phrasing does somewhat exist in the version of the zettel without the gloss in the Vienna, on folio 105r.
  25. Vienna omits with
  26. Augsburg II omits with
  27. Augsburg II omits: with the short edge
  28. Vienna omits: and with that, drop back down with your arms
  29. Vienna: pommel
  30. Augsburg II omits holding
  31. Abridged from pPvD
  32. Augsburg II omits: "threatens to cut in from above and come before yours" and replaces it with: "and waits upon you" as per the Lew
  33. Here the Vienna version is similar to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, whereas the Augsberg version resembles Jud Lew.
  34. Augsburg II: "Gloss: This is When you initiate a cut via the cross cut, do it with strength. Then if they parry, rise up to the weak of their sword with the strong of your sword. If you then seize the weak of their sword, work over their sword to either the lower opening or high against their neck by mutating. But if they are too strong mit their act of parrying, then shove their sword away and strike on their other side via the cross cut. Or if they will rush in, then take the slice under their arms or await the wrestling.
  35. Vienna: left
  36. leer, scowl, make a secret or subtle glance.
  37. Leer at
  38. Leer
  39. Obviously the writer left out a part here because it starts with the right Plfug and ends with the left.
  40. Versetzen. To parry, transpose.
  41. Ansetzen. to plant or position something in a specific place.
  42. Here the Vienna version is similar to Jud Lew, whereas the Augsberg version resembles Pseudo-Peter von Danzig.
  43. kainer
  44. Korrigiert aus »das«.
  45. closing-in
  46. shifting
  47. curved, hollow, empty, concave, bowed, arched