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| [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|MS KK5126]] (ca. 1480) | | [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|MS KK5126]] (ca. 1480) | ||
| [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|MS Chart.B 1021]] (1473-1503) | | [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|MS Chart.B 1021]] (1473-1503) | ||
| − | | [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | | [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|M.A.M. Kal MS]] (late 1400s) |
| [[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Codex S.554]] (1506-1514) | | [[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Codex S.554]] (1506-1514) | ||
}} | }} | ||
| principal manuscript(s)= | | principal manuscript(s)= | ||
| first printed edition= [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler]], 2006 | | first printed edition= [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler]], 2006 | ||
| − | | wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester | + | | wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]] |
| signature = | | signature = | ||
| Line 63: | Line 63: | ||
| {{Hungarian translation|http://www.middleages.hu/magyar/harcmuveszet/vivokonyvek/paulus_kal.php|1}} | | {{Hungarian translation|http://www.middleages.hu/magyar/harcmuveszet/vivokonyvek/paulus_kal.php|1}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | | below = [[File: | + | | below = [[File:Paulus Kal Heraldry.png|200px|center|thumb|''Paulus Kal's heraldry'']] |
}} | }} | ||
'''Paulus Kal''' was a [[century::15th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]. He wrote that he studied martial arts under [[Hans Stettner von Mörnsheim]], and was an initiate of the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]. He was also attached as ''Schirrmeister'' to three different courts in his career, serving in various military capacities including commanding men in at least three campaigns.<ref name="Welle">[[Rainer Welle]]. "…und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen. Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. Und 16. Jahrhundert. Eine sozialhistorische und bewegungsbiographische Interpretation aufgrund der handschriften und gedruckten Ringlehren des Spätmittelalters." ''Forum für Sozialgeschichte 4''. Pfaffenweiler, 1993. pp 243-253.</ref> Perhaps his most significant legacy is an honor role of masters which he styled the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]] (''Geselschaft Liechtenauers''). While many of these masters remain unknown, the several wrote treatises of their own and Kal's list stands as an independent confirmation of their connection to the grand master. Kal's treatise is also of interest in that it represents the oldest attempt to illustrate portions of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] (''Zettel''). | '''Paulus Kal''' was a [[century::15th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]. He wrote that he studied martial arts under [[Hans Stettner von Mörnsheim]], and was an initiate of the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]. He was also attached as ''Schirrmeister'' to three different courts in his career, serving in various military capacities including commanding men in at least three campaigns.<ref name="Welle">[[Rainer Welle]]. "…und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen. Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. Und 16. Jahrhundert. Eine sozialhistorische und bewegungsbiographische Interpretation aufgrund der handschriften und gedruckten Ringlehren des Spätmittelalters." ''Forum für Sozialgeschichte 4''. Pfaffenweiler, 1993. pp 243-253.</ref> Perhaps his most significant legacy is an honor role of masters which he styled the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]] (''Geselschaft Liechtenauers''). While many of these masters remain unknown, the several wrote treatises of their own and Kal's list stands as an independent confirmation of their connection to the grand master. Kal's treatise is also of interest in that it represents the oldest attempt to illustrate portions of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] (''Zettel''). | ||
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Little is known of Kal's early life, but from 1440 to ca. 1449 he served Ludwig IV "the Gentle" of Wittelsbach, Count Palatine of the Rhine. In 1448, while in the Elector's service he participated in the defense Nuremberg, commanding a unit of wheel cannons below the gates.<ref name="JPK">Jens P. Kleinau. [https://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/07/03/paulus-kal-a-schirrmeister/ Paulus Kal, a Schirrmeister]. ''Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau'', 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2015.</ref> The Nuremberg Council notes from 17 March 1449 mention that he had broken the peace of the city at that time by drawing his weapons.<ref name="JPK"/> | Little is known of Kal's early life, but from 1440 to ca. 1449 he served Ludwig IV "the Gentle" of Wittelsbach, Count Palatine of the Rhine. In 1448, while in the Elector's service he participated in the defense Nuremberg, commanding a unit of wheel cannons below the gates.<ref name="JPK">Jens P. Kleinau. [https://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/07/03/paulus-kal-a-schirrmeister/ Paulus Kal, a Schirrmeister]. ''Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau'', 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2015.</ref> The Nuremberg Council notes from 17 March 1449 mention that he had broken the peace of the city at that time by drawing his weapons.<ref name="JPK"/> | ||
| − | Kal entered the service of Ludwig IX "the Rich" of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, on 29 September 1450.<ref name="Welle"/> In 1461, he is mentioned commanding a unit of 12 marksmen.<ref name="JPK"/> From 1465 to 1475, he seems to have also maintained a secondary occupation as a toll collector in Dingolfing.<ref name="JPK"/> In November 1468, he participated in military actions on the castle Saldenburg, which was successfully taken on 4 December.<ref name="JPK"/> Kal is listed as a guest at the wedding of Ludwig's son Georg,<ref name="JPK"/> and continued in the duke's service until his death on 18 January 1479. Paulus Kal created two manuscripts of his treatise while in the service of Ludwig IX, | + | Kal entered the service of Ludwig IX "the Rich" of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, on 29 September 1450.<ref name="Welle"/> In 1461, he is mentioned commanding a unit of 12 marksmen.<ref name="JPK"/> From 1465 to 1475, he seems to have also maintained a secondary occupation as a toll collector in Dingolfing.<ref name="JPK"/> In November 1468, he participated in military actions on the castle Saldenburg, which was successfully taken on 4 December.<ref name="JPK"/> Kal is listed as a guest at the wedding of Ludwig's son Georg,<ref name="JPK"/> and continued in the duke's service until his death on 18 January 1479. Paulus Kal created two manuscripts of his treatise while in the service of Ludwig IX, a very small [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|uncaptioned version]] as well as a more elaborate [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|presentation copy]] including brief explanations in German for most pieces (including fragments of Liechtenauer's Recital). |
On 12 February 1480, Paulus Kal entered the service of Sigismund of the House of Hapsburg, Archduke of Austria and Tyrol.<ref name="Welle"/> Kal acted as one of the archduke's witnesses at a number of interrogations held on 17 October 1485 in Innsbruck, related to the witch trials being conducted by Heinrich Kramer at that time.<ref name="JPK"/> This is the final time that Kal's name has been located in historical records. Several copies of Kal's treatise were created during the 1480s and 90s, but the only one which shows any probability of Kal's personal involvement is the extensive [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|MS KK5126]]. | On 12 February 1480, Paulus Kal entered the service of Sigismund of the House of Hapsburg, Archduke of Austria and Tyrol.<ref name="Welle"/> Kal acted as one of the archduke's witnesses at a number of interrogations held on 17 October 1485 in Innsbruck, related to the witch trials being conducted by Heinrich Kramer at that time.<ref name="JPK"/> This is the final time that Kal's name has been located in historical records. Several copies of Kal's treatise were created during the 1480s and 90s, but the only one which shows any probability of Kal's personal involvement is the extensive [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|MS KK5126]]. | ||
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== Treatise == | == Treatise == | ||
| − | In total, Paulus Kal's teachings are preserved in at least | + | In total, Paulus Kal's teachings are preserved in at least seven manuscripts written between 1460 and 1514. Aside from the three already mentioned, two other extensive, text-less copies also exist (the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha version]], copied from the Bologna, and the [[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn version]], copied from an unknown source). A [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|sixth version]] was sold at auction in Italy during the 20th century as individual leaves; this copy contains unintelligible single-word captions<ref>Possibly abbreviated phrases from Latin or Italian.</ref> and was likely based on either the Bologna or Vienna; another single leaf, roughly coeval with Solothurn, appeared at a rare book dealer in 2019, but the whereabouts of the rest of the manuscript are unknown. The five substantial versions are listed in the concordance below, though only the Munich accompanies its illustrations with text. This concordance also includes the separate, unillustrated [[poleaxe]] and [[longshield]] advice from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna version]], which largely matched the illustrations (though it's unknown whether it was intended for that purpose). |
| − | [[Paulus Hector Mair]] included content based on Kal's work in several sections of the [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich]] and [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna]] versions of his ''Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica''. Rather than using Kal's descriptions (if the copy he used had them), Mair wrote his own extensive commentary on the illustrations. The precise set of | + | [[Paulus Hector Mair]] included content based on Kal's work in several sections of the [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich]] and [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna]] versions of his ''Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica''. Rather than using Kal's descriptions (if the copy he used had them), Mair wrote his own extensive commentary on the illustrations. The precise set of illustrations Mair drew upon do not appear in any of the extant manuscripts, which may signify that he used yet another copy of Kal's work which has since been lost. Because Mair's version represents substantial original work, it is listed on his page rather than being incorporated into the concordance here. |
{{master begin | {{master begin | ||
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| width = 240em | | width = 240em | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" style="clear:both;" |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! <p> | + | ! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich]] and [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna]] Versions</p> |
| − | ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>Open for editing</p> | + | ! <p>{{rating|C}} (2011)<br/>Open for editing</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1460-1480){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn | + | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514){{edit index|Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|Botticino Version]]{{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)}}</p> |
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | <p>Master Johannes Liechtenauer.<br/>Master Peter Wildigans von Glatz.<br/>Master Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.<br/>Master Hans Spindler von Znaim.<br/>Master Lamprecht von Prague.<br/>Master Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt.<br/>Master Andres Lignitzer.<br/>Master Jacob Lignitzer (his brother).<br/>Master Sigmund ain Ringeck.<br/>Master Hartman von Nuremberg.<br/>Master Martin | + | | <p>Master Johannes Liechtenauer.<br/>Master Peter Wildigans von Glatz.<br/>Master Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.<br/>Master Hans Spindler von Znaim.<br/>Master Lamprecht von Prague.<br/>Master Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt.<br/>Master Andres Lignitzer.<br/>Master Jacob Lignitzer (his brother).<br/>Master Sigmund ain Ringeck.<br/>Master Hartman von Nuremberg.<br/>Master Martin Huntsfeld.<br/>Master Hans Pegnitzer.<br/>Master Philipp Perger.<br/>Master Virgil von Kraków.<br/>Master Dietrich Degenfechter von Braunschweig.<br/>Master Ott, a Jew, who was the wrestler to the Lords of Austria.</p> |
| {{section|Page:Cgm 1507 02r.jpg|3|lbl=-}} | | {{section|Page:Cgm 1507 02r.jpg|3|lbl=-}} | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | <p>The noble and zealous Hans Stettner | + | | <p>The noble and zealous Hans Stettner, which is most of all the master of all pupils—and I, Master Paulus Kal, was his student—may God have mercy on him above all of them.</p> |
| {{section|Page:Cgm 1507 02r.jpg|4|lbl=-}} | | {{section|Page:Cgm 1507 02r.jpg|4|lbl=-}} | ||
| {{section|Page:MS 1825 04r.jpg|2|lbl=-}} | | {{section|Page:MS 1825 04r.jpg|2|lbl=-}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File:Cgm 1507 06r.jpg|400px|center]] | + | | class="noline" | [[File:Cgm 1507 06r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| − | | <p>I have eyes like a hawk, so you do not deceive me.</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>I have eyes like a hawk, so you do not deceive me.</p> |
:I have a heart like a lion, so I strive forward. | :I have a heart like a lion, so I strive forward. | ||
| − | ::I have feet like a | + | ::I have feet like a hind, so I can spring to and fro. |
| − | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|06r|jpg}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|06r|jpg}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS 1825|06r|jpg}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS 1825|06r|jpg}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|10r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|10r|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|02r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|02r|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
|} | |} | ||
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| width = 240em | | width = 240em | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" style="clear:both;" |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! <p> | + | ! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>Open for editing</p> | + | ! <p>{{rating|C}} (2011)<br/>Open for editing</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1460-1480){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn | + | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514){{edit index|Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|Botticino Version]]{{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)}}</p> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | {{double page| | + | | {{double page|Cgm 1507 06v.jpg|Cgm 1507 07r.jpg|x210px|x210px}} |
| <p>Your spear extends very far.</p> | | <p>Your spear extends very far.</p> | ||
: Change through and set upon. | : Change through and set upon. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 14r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The inner sword taking.</p> | | <p>The inner sword taking.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|14r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|14r|jpg}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 16r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The sheep grip fights what's under the face.</p> | | <p>The sheep grip fights what's under the face.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|16r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|16r|jpg}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Cgm 1507 18v.jpg|400px|center]] | | [[File:Cgm 1507 18v.jpg|400px|center]] | ||
| − | | <p>Embark | + | | <p>Embark against the man on horseback thus.</p> |
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|18v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|18v|jpg}} | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File:Cgm 1507 19r.jpg|400px|center]] | + | | class="noline" | [[File:Cgm 1507 19r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| − | | <p>Embark | + | | class="noline" | <p>Embark to throw a man on horseback thus.</p> |
| − | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|19r|jpg}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|19r|jpg}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|23r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|23r|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 429: | Line 429: | ||
| width = 240em | | width = 240em | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" style="clear:both;" |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! <p> | + | ! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich]], [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha]], and [[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn]] Versions</p> |
| − | ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>Open for editing</p> | + | ! <p>{{rating|C}} (2011)<br/>Open for editing</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1460-1480){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn | + | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514){{edit index|Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|Botticino Version]]{{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)}}</p> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 19v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>Embark so to set aside a throw.</p> | | <p>Embark so to set aside a throw.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|19v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|19v|jpg}} | ||
| | | | ||
| {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|23v|jpg|blk=1}} | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|23v|jpg|blk=1}} | ||
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|17v|jpg|blk=1}}{{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|18r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|17v|jpg|blk=1}} |
| + | |||
| + | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|18r|jpg|blk=1}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 481: | Line 483: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 21v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The bottom guard in the short sword.</p> | | <p>The bottom guard in the short sword.</p> | ||
: The second guard in the short sword. | : The second guard in the short sword. | ||
| Line 487: | Line 489: | ||
| | | | ||
| {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|25v|jpg|blk=1}} | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|25v|jpg|blk=1}} | ||
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|19v|jpg|blk=1}}{{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|20r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|19v|jpg|blk=1}} |
| + | |||
| + | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|20r|jpg|blk=1}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 22r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The third guard under the arm.</p> | | <p>The third guard under the arm.</p> | ||
:The fourth guard is good for throwing and murder strikes. | :The fourth guard is good for throwing and murder strikes. | ||
| Line 498: | Line 502: | ||
| | | | ||
| {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|26r|jpg|blk=1}} | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|26r|jpg|blk=1}} | ||
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|20v|jpg|blk=1}}{{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|21r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|20v|jpg|blk=1}} |
| + | |||
| + | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|21r|jpg|blk=1}} | ||
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| | | | ||
| Line 713: | Line 719: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 32v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>Defeat a beaten man with power.</p> | | <p>Defeat a beaten man with power.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|32v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|32v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 723: | Line 729: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 33r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>Pass under his eyes near the knee, bend and tear with the pommel.</p> | | <p>Pass under his eyes near the knee, bend and tear with the pommel.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|33r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|33r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 753: | Line 759: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 34v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| | | | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|34v|jpg|blk=1}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|34v|jpg|blk=1}} | ||
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| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 35v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>How to keep someone on his back on the ground.</p> | | <p>How to keep someone on his back on the ground.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|35v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|35v|jpg}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 36r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>How to hold someone on his nose on the ground.</p> | | <p>How to hold someone on his nose on the ground.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|36r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|36r|jpg}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File:Cgm 1507 36v.jpg|400px|center]] | + | | class="noline" | [[File:Cgm 1507 36v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| − | | <p>Praised be Mary and her child and all who live with them.</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>Praised be Mary and her child and all who live with them.</p> |
| − | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|36v|jpg}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|36v|jpg}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|40v|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|40v|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|29r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|29r|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
|} | |} | ||
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| width = 240em | | width = 240em | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" style="clear:both;" |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! <p> | + | ! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Harrison Ridgeway]]</p> | + | ! <p>{{rating|C}} (2017)<br/>by [[Harrison Ridgeway]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1460-1480){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn | + | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514){{edit index|Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|Botticino Version]]{{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)}}</p> |
|- | |- | ||
| Line 918: | Line 924: | ||
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| | | | ||
| − | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|44v|jpg|blk=1|p=1}} | + | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|44v|jpg|blk=1|p=1}}<br/><br/> |
{{section|Page:MS KK5126 127r.jpg|8|lbl=127r}} | {{section|Page:MS KK5126 127r.jpg|8|lbl=127r}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File:Cgm 1507 42v.jpg|400px|center]] | + | | class="noline" | [[File:Cgm 1507 42v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| − | | <p>Blessed be Maria and Child, and all who are with them.</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>Blessed be Maria and Child, and all who are with them.</p> |
| − | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|42v|jpg}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|42v|jpg}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|46v|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|46v|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 986: | Line 992: | ||
{{master begin | {{master begin | ||
| − | | title = | + | | title = Questions for dueling |
| width = 240em | | width = 240em | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" style="clear:both;" |
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]]</p> | ||
| + | ! <p>{{rating|C}} (2015)<br/>by [[Jens P. Kleinau]]</p> | ||
| + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ||
| + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1460-1480){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ||
| + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ||
| + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)}}</p> | ||
| + | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514){{edit index|Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)}}</p> | ||
| + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|Botticino Version]]{{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)}}</p> | ||
| + | |||
|- | |- | ||
| − | + | | | |
| − | + | | <p>First he should inquire before the assembly about all things and rights which a fighter should have according to the law, may it be an advisor, a listener and a grid-warden, and what a fighter should have (possess or be equipped with). </p> | |
| − | + | | | |
| − | + | | | |
| − | + | | {{section|Page:MS KK5126 128v.jpg|1|lbl=128v}} | |
| − | + | | | |
| − | + | | | |
| − | + | | | |
|- | |- | ||
| Line 1,027: | Line 1,043: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | <p> | + | | <p>When his advisor is named, he should ask how he should advise, so that he does it lawfully and not unlawfully. </p> |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | {{section|Page:MS KK5126 128v.jpg| | + | | {{section|Page:MS KK5126 128v.jpg|2|lbl=-}} |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,037: | Line 1,053: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | + | | <p>He should also ask if he and the advisor may go to the fighter while he is seated at his rest-place and speak to him (negotiate) about their claims.</p> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | | <p>He should also ask if he and the advisor may go to the fighter while he is seated at his rest-place and speak to him (negotiate) about their claims.</p> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,276: | Line 1,282: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | <p>If a crowd gathers behind the circle, what are the precautions, that this will not bring any problems to the fighter.</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>If a crowd gathers behind the circle, what are the precautions, that this will not bring any problems to the fighter.</p> |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | {{section|Page:MS KK5126 129r.jpg|8|lbl=-}} | + | | class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS KK5126 129r.jpg|8|lbl=-}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 1,292: | Line 1,298: | ||
| width = 240em | | width = 240em | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" style="clear:both;" |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! <p> | + | ! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Henry Tobler]]</p> | + | ! <p>{{rating|B}} (2011)<br/>by [[Christian Henry Tobler]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1460-1480){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn | + | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514){{edit index|Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|Botticino Version]]{{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)}}</p> |
|- | |- | ||
| Line 1,412: | Line 1,418: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File:Cgm 1507 48v.jpg|400px|center]] | + | | class="noline" | [[File:Cgm 1507 48v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| − | | <p>Praised be Mary and her child and all who live with them.</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>Praised be Mary and her child and all who live with them.</p> |
| − | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|48v|jpg}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|48v|jpg}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|52v|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|52v|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 1,428: | Line 1,434: | ||
| width = 240em | | width = 240em | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" style="clear:both;" |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! <p> | + | ! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>Open for editing</p> | + | ! <p>{{rating|C}} (2011)<br/>Open for editing</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1460-1480){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn | + | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514){{edit index|Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|Botticino Version]]{{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)}}</p> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Cgm 1507 49v.jpg|400px|center]] | | [[File:Cgm 1507 49v.jpg|400px|center]] | ||
| − | | <p> | + | | <p>Thus is the man in the pit against the woman: he is buried to the waist and can walk around a little in it. One hand is tied to him by the elbow to the side, but he can move well.<br/><br/></p> |
| − | + | :The woman should face him thus with a sleeve of her shirt that extends an Ell in front of the hand like a bag. In there she has a stone that weighs three pounds. She has nothing on except the shirt, which is tied between the legs with a cord. | |
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|49v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|49v|jpg}} | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,461: | Line 1,467: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 50v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| | | | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|50v|jpg|blk=1}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|50v|jpg|blk=1}} | ||
| Line 1,481: | Line 1,487: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File:Cgm 1507 51v.jpg|400px|center]] | + | | class="noline" | [[File:Cgm 1507 51v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| − | | <p>Praise be to Mary and her child and all of those with them in Paradise.</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>Praise be to Mary and her child and all of those with them in Paradise.</p> |
| − | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|51v|jpg}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|51v|jpg}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|55v|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|55v|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 1,497: | Line 1,503: | ||
| width = 240em | | width = 240em | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" style="clear:both;" |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! <p> | + | ! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>[[Cory Winslow]]</p> | + | ! <p>{{rating|C}} (2014)<br/>[[Cory Winslow]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1460-1480){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn | + | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514){{edit index|Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|Botticino Version]]{{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)}}</p> |
|- | |- | ||
| Line 1,599: | Line 1,605: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File:Cgm 1507 57r.jpg|400px|center]] | + | | class="noline" | [[File:Cgm 1507 57r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| − | | <p>Thus he is thrown from the previously described technique.</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>Thus he is thrown from the previously described technique.</p> |
| − | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|57r|jpg}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|57r|jpg}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS 1825|17r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS 1825|17r|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|61r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|61r|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | {{paget|Page: | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:M.A.M. Kal MS|1|jpg}} |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 1,616: | Line 1,622: | ||
}} | }} | ||
<section begin="credits8"/> | <section begin="credits8"/> | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" style="clear:both;" |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! <p> | + | ! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich]] and [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna]] Versions</p> |
| − | ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>[[Cory Winslow]]</p> | + | ! <p>{{rating|C}} (2014)<br/>[[Cory Winslow]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1460-1480){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn | + | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514){{edit index|Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|Botticino Version]]{{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)}}</p> |
| − | <section end="credits8"/> | + | <section end="credits8"/><section begin="Leger"/> |
| − | <section begin="Leger"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 58r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The first guard is called the Ox.</p> | | <p>The first guard is called the Ox.</p> | ||
:The second guard is called the Plow. | :The second guard is called the Plow. | ||
| Line 1,640: | Line 1,645: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 58v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The third guard is called the Fool.</p> | | <p>The third guard is called the Fool.</p> | ||
:The fourth is called From the Roof. | :The fourth is called From the Roof. | ||
| Line 1,648: | Line 1,653: | ||
| {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|30v|jpg|blk=1}}{{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|31r|jpg|blk=1}} | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|30v|jpg|blk=1}}{{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|31r|jpg|blk=1}} | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cod.S.554|075|jpg|blk=1}}{{paget|Page:Cod.S.554|076|jpg|blk=1}} | | {{paget|Page:Cod.S.554|075|jpg|blk=1}}{{paget|Page:Cod.S.554|076|jpg|blk=1}} | ||
| − | | {{paget|Page: | + | | {{paget|Page:M.A.M. Kal MS|2|jpg}} |
<section end="Leger"/><section begin="Zornhaw"/> | <section end="Leger"/><section begin="Zornhaw"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 59r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The Wrath-hew Point threatens him.</p> | | <p>The Wrath-hew Point threatens him.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|59r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|59r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 1,668: | Line 1,673: | ||
| {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|31v|jpg|blk=1}} | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|31v|jpg|blk=1}} | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | {{paget|Page: | + | | {{paget|Page:M.A.M. Kal MS|4|jpg}} |
|- | |- | ||
| Line 1,698: | Line 1,703: | ||
| {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|33v|jpg|blk=1}} | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|33v|jpg|blk=1}} | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | {{paget|Page: | + | | {{paget|Page:M.A.M. Kal MS|5|jpg}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 61v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>Mutate below.</p> | | <p>Mutate below.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|61v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|61v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 1,708: | Line 1,713: | ||
| | | | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cod.S.554|082|jpg|blk=1}} | | {{paget|Page:Cod.S.554|082|jpg|blk=1}} | ||
| − | | {{paget|Page: | + | | {{paget|Page:M.A.M. Kal MS|3|jpg}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 62r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>Know to aim at Four Openings.</p> | | <p>Know to aim at Four Openings.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|62r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|62r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 1,721: | Line 1,726: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 62v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>So you strike wisely without danger.</p> | | <p>So you strike wisely without danger.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|62v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|62v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 1,731: | Line 1,736: | ||
<section end="Blossen"/> | <section end="Blossen"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 63r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>Learn to work above.</p> | | <p>Learn to work above.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|63r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|63r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 1,761: | Line 1,766: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 63v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The first hip wrestling with the sword.</p> | | <p>The first hip wrestling with the sword.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|63v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|63v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 1,771: | Line 1,776: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 64r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The second hip wrestling with the sword.</p> | | <p>The second hip wrestling with the sword.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|64r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|64r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 1,781: | Line 1,786: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 64v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The third hip wrestling with the sword.</p> | | <p>The third hip wrestling with the sword.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|64v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|64v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 1,801: | Line 1,806: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 65v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>Travel-after twofold.</p> | | <p>Travel-after twofold.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|65v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|65v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 1,811: | Line 1,816: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 66r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>Changing-through learn from both sides.</p> | | <p>Changing-through learn from both sides.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|66r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|66r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 1,821: | Line 1,826: | ||
<section begin="Krumphaw"/> | <section begin="Krumphaw"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 66v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>Crooked on nimbly, throw the point on the hands.</p> | | <p>Crooked on nimbly, throw the point on the hands.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|66v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|66v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 1,831: | Line 1,836: | ||
<section end="Krumphaw"/><section begin="Fehler"/> | <section end="Krumphaw"/><section begin="Fehler"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 67r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>Take the elbow in the balance. Step in the day, be not too slow.</p> | | <p>Take the elbow in the balance. Step in the day, be not too slow.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|67r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|67r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 1,841: | Line 1,846: | ||
<section end="Fehler"/> | <section end="Fehler"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 67v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>Grab-over on the grip and tear.</p> | | <p>Grab-over on the grip and tear.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|67v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|67v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 1,901: | Line 1,906: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | [[File:Cgm 1507 70v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| − | | <p>Speaking-Window make. Stand freely, see his business. The conclusion of the entire Epitome.</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>Speaking-Window make. Stand freely, see his business. The conclusion of the entire Epitome.</p> |
| − | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|70v|jpg}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|70v|jpg}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|75v|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|75v|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|45v|jpg|blk=1}}{{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|46r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|45v|jpg|blk=1}}{{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|46r|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:Cod.S.554|100|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Cod.S.554|100|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 1,917: | Line 1,922: | ||
| width = 240em | | width = 240em | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" style="clear:both;" |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! <p> | + | ! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich]] and [[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn]] Versions</p> |
| − | ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>[[Cory Winslow]]</p> | + | ! <p>{{rating|C}} (2014)<br/>[[Cory Winslow]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1460-1480){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn | + | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514){{edit index|Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|Botticino Version]]{{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)}}</p> |
|- | |- | ||
| Line 1,989: | Line 1,994: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File:Cgm 1507 74v.jpg|400px|center]] | + | | class="noline" | [[File:Cgm 1507 74v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| − | | <p>This is the break to the previous technique. Grip over his elbow to your messer, and wind that under his throat and slice.</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>This is the break to the previous technique. Grip over his elbow to your messer, and wind that under his throat and slice.</p> |
| − | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|74v|jpg}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|74v|jpg}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS 1825|26v|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS 1825|26v|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|79v|png|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|79v|png|blk=1}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|48v|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|48v|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 2,005: | Line 2,010: | ||
| width = 240em | | width = 240em | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" style="clear:both;" |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! <p> | + | ! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich]] and [[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn]] Versions</p> |
| − | ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>[[Cory Winslow]]</p> | + | ! <p>{{rating|C}} (2014)<br/>[[Cory Winslow]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1460-1480){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn | + | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514){{edit index|Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|Botticino Version]]{{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)}}</p> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 75v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>This is the Over-slice with the dagger.</p> | | <p>This is the Over-slice with the dagger.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|75v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|75v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,027: | Line 2,032: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 76r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>This is the Under-slice with the dagger.</p> | | <p>This is the Under-slice with the dagger.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|76r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|76r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,037: | Line 2,042: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 76v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The setting-off.</p> | | <p>The setting-off.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|76v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|76v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,047: | Line 2,052: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 77r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The limb moving-over and set-off.</p> | | <p>The limb moving-over and set-off.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|77r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|77r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,057: | Line 2,062: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 77v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The one-fold lock with the dagger.</p> | | <p>The one-fold lock with the dagger.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|77v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|77v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,067: | Line 2,072: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 78r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The two-fold lock with the dagger.</p> | | <p>The two-fold lock with the dagger.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|78r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|78r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,077: | Line 2,082: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 78v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>How to break the lock with the dagger.</p> | | <p>How to break the lock with the dagger.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|78v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|78v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,107: | Line 2,112: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File:Cgm 1507 80r.jpg|400px|center]] | + | | class="noline" | [[File:Cgm 1507 80r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| − | | <p>The unnamed turn with the dagger.</p> | + | | class="noline" | <p>The unnamed turn with the dagger.</p> |
| − | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|80r|jpg}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|80r|jpg}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS 1825|30r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS 1825|30r|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|85r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|85r|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|54v|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Chart.B.1021|54v|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 2,123: | Line 2,128: | ||
| width = 240em | | width = 240em | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {| class=" | + | {| class="master" style="clear:both;" |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! <p> | + | ! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich]] and [[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn]] Versions</p> |
| − | ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>Open for editing</p> | + | ! <p>{{rating|C}} (2011)<br/>Open for editing</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Munich Version]] (ca. 1470){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|Bologna Version]] (1460-1480){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|Vienna Version]] (ca. 1480s){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)|Gotha Version]] (ca. 1473-1503){{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS Chart.B.1021)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn | + | ! <p>[[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Solothurn Version]] (ca. 1506-1514){{edit index|Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)}}</p> |
| − | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | ! <p>[[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|Botticino Version]]{{edit index|Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)}}</p> |
|- | |- | ||
| Line 2,185: | Line 2,190: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 83v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The second hip wrestling over the shoulder.</p> | | <p>The second hip wrestling over the shoulder.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|83v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|83v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,195: | Line 2,200: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 84r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The counter over that.</p> | | <p>The counter over that.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|84r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|84r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,205: | Line 2,210: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 84v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The third hip wrestling over the elbow and the arm locked.</p> | | <p>The third hip wrestling over the elbow and the arm locked.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|84v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|84v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,215: | Line 2,220: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 85r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The counter over that.</p> | | <p>The counter over that.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|85r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|85r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,225: | Line 2,230: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 85v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The fourth hip wrestling after the thigh.</p> | | <p>The fourth hip wrestling after the thigh.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|85v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|85v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,235: | Line 2,240: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 86r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The counter over that.</p> | | <p>The counter over that.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|86r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|86r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,245: | Line 2,250: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 86v.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The slipping-through wrestling on both sides.</p> | | <p>The slipping-through wrestling on both sides.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|86v|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|86v|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,255: | Line 2,260: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File: | + | | [[File:Cgm 1507 87r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| <p>The counter against all slipping through.</p> | | <p>The counter against all slipping through.</p> | ||
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|87r|jpg}} | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|87r|jpg}} | ||
| Line 2,415: | Line 2,420: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[File:Cgm 1507 95r.jpg|400px|center]] | + | | class="noline" | [[File:Cgm 1507 95r.jpg|400px|center]] |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|95r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|95r|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS 1825|44r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS 1825|44r|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|100r|jpg|blk=1}} | + | | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS KK5126|100r|jpg|blk=1}} |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
| − | | | + | | class="noline" | |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 2,435: | Line 2,440: | ||
<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}} | <section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}} | ||
{{sourcebox | {{sourcebox | ||
| − | | work = [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Cgm 1507]] | + | | work = [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Cgm 1507]] Illustrations |
| authors = [[Bayerische Staatsbibliothek]] | | authors = [[Bayerische Staatsbibliothek]] | ||
| source link = http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00001840/images/index.html | | source link = http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00001840/images/index.html | ||
| source title= Bayerische Staatsbibliothek | | source title= Bayerische Staatsbibliothek | ||
| − | | license = | + | | license = public domain |
}} | }} | ||
{{sourcebox | {{sourcebox | ||
| − | | work = [[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Cod.S.554]] | + | | work = [[Solothurner Fechtbuch (Cod.S.554)|Cod.S.554]] Illustrations |
| authors = [[Zentralbibliothek Solothurn]] | | authors = [[Zentralbibliothek Solothurn]] | ||
| source link = http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Solothurner_Fechtbuch | | source link = http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Solothurner_Fechtbuch | ||
| Line 2,450: | Line 2,455: | ||
{{sourcebox | {{sourcebox | ||
| work = Translation | | work = Translation | ||
| − | | authors = | + | | authors = [[translator::Michael Chidester]] |
| source link = | | source link = | ||
| source title= Wiktenauer | | source title= Wiktenauer | ||
| license = noncommercial | | license = noncommercial | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | {{sourcebox | ||
| + | | work = Translation (Poleaxe) | ||
| + | | authors = [[translator::Harrison Ridgeway]] | ||
| + | | source link = | ||
| + | | source title= Private communication | ||
| + | | license = copyrighted | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | {{sourcebox | ||
| + | | work = Translation (Questions) | ||
| + | | authors = [[translator::Jens P. Kleinau]] | ||
| + | | source link = https://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2015/04/16/what-to-do-if-you-are-for-the-judicial-duel-with-mace-and-shield/ | ||
| + | | source title= Hans Talhoffer: A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau | ||
| + | | license = linkware | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | {{sourcebox | ||
| + | | work = Translation (Longshield) | ||
| + | | authors = [[translator::Christian Henry Tobler]] | ||
| + | | source link = https://www.freelanceacademypress.com/duelingshield.aspx | ||
| + | | source title= Freelance Academy Press | ||
| + | | license = copyrighted | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{sourcebox | {{sourcebox | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{sourcebox | {{sourcebox | ||
| − | | work = [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | | work = [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)|Botticino Transcription]] |
| authors = | | authors = | ||
| source link = | | source link = | ||
| − | | source title= [[Index:Paulus Kal Fechtbuch ( | + | | source title= [[Index:Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (M.A.M. Kal MS)]] |
| license = | | license = | ||
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== Additional Resources == | == Additional Resources == | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
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[[Category:Longshield]] | [[Category:Longshield]] | ||
[[Category:Longsword]] | [[Category:Longsword]] | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Man vs. Woman]] |
[[Category:Messer]] | [[Category:Messer]] | ||
[[Category:Mounted Fencing]] | [[Category:Mounted Fencing]] | ||
[[Category:Pole Weapons]] | [[Category:Pole Weapons]] | ||
[[Category:Sword and Buckler]] | [[Category:Sword and Buckler]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:New format]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Modular display candidate]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:43, 10 November 2024
| Paulus Kal | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | ca.1420s Dingolfing, Germany |
| Died | after 1485 |
| Occupation |
|
| Patron |
|
| Movement | Fellowship of Liechtenauer |
| Influences | |
| Influenced | Peter Falkner (?) |
| Genres | |
| Language | Early New High German |
| Archetype(s) | |
| Manuscript(s) |
|
| First printed english edition |
Tobler, 2006 |
| Concordance by | Michael Chidester |
| Translations | |
Paulus Kal was a 15th century German fencing master. He wrote that he studied martial arts under Hans Stettner von Mörnsheim, and was an initiate of the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer. He was also attached as Schirrmeister to three different courts in his career, serving in various military capacities including commanding men in at least three campaigns.[1] Perhaps his most significant legacy is an honor role of masters which he styled the Fellowship of Liechtenauer (Geselschaft Liechtenauers). While many of these masters remain unknown, the several wrote treatises of their own and Kal's list stands as an independent confirmation of their connection to the grand master. Kal's treatise is also of interest in that it represents the oldest attempt to illustrate portions of Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel).
Little is known of Kal's early life, but from 1440 to ca. 1449 he served Ludwig IV "the Gentle" of Wittelsbach, Count Palatine of the Rhine. In 1448, while in the Elector's service he participated in the defense Nuremberg, commanding a unit of wheel cannons below the gates.[2] The Nuremberg Council notes from 17 March 1449 mention that he had broken the peace of the city at that time by drawing his weapons.[2]
Kal entered the service of Ludwig IX "the Rich" of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, on 29 September 1450.[1] In 1461, he is mentioned commanding a unit of 12 marksmen.[2] From 1465 to 1475, he seems to have also maintained a secondary occupation as a toll collector in Dingolfing.[2] In November 1468, he participated in military actions on the castle Saldenburg, which was successfully taken on 4 December.[2] Kal is listed as a guest at the wedding of Ludwig's son Georg,[2] and continued in the duke's service until his death on 18 January 1479. Paulus Kal created two manuscripts of his treatise while in the service of Ludwig IX, a very small uncaptioned version as well as a more elaborate presentation copy including brief explanations in German for most pieces (including fragments of Liechtenauer's Recital).
On 12 February 1480, Paulus Kal entered the service of Sigismund of the House of Hapsburg, Archduke of Austria and Tyrol.[1] Kal acted as one of the archduke's witnesses at a number of interrogations held on 17 October 1485 in Innsbruck, related to the witch trials being conducted by Heinrich Kramer at that time.[2] This is the final time that Kal's name has been located in historical records. Several copies of Kal's treatise were created during the 1480s and 90s, but the only one which shows any probability of Kal's personal involvement is the extensive MS KK5126.
Contents
Treatise
In total, Paulus Kal's teachings are preserved in at least seven manuscripts written between 1460 and 1514. Aside from the three already mentioned, two other extensive, text-less copies also exist (the Gotha version, copied from the Bologna, and the Solothurn version, copied from an unknown source). A sixth version was sold at auction in Italy during the 20th century as individual leaves; this copy contains unintelligible single-word captions[3] and was likely based on either the Bologna or Vienna; another single leaf, roughly coeval with Solothurn, appeared at a rare book dealer in 2019, but the whereabouts of the rest of the manuscript are unknown. The five substantial versions are listed in the concordance below, though only the Munich accompanies its illustrations with text. This concordance also includes the separate, unillustrated poleaxe and longshield advice from the Vienna version, which largely matched the illustrations (though it's unknown whether it was intended for that purpose).
Paulus Hector Mair included content based on Kal's work in several sections of the Munich and Vienna versions of his Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica. Rather than using Kal's descriptions (if the copy he used had them), Mair wrote his own extensive commentary on the illustrations. The precise set of illustrations Mair drew upon do not appear in any of the extant manuscripts, which may signify that he used yet another copy of Kal's work which has since been lost. Because Mair's version represents substantial original work, it is listed on his page rather than being incorporated into the concordance here.
Preface
Mounted Fencing
Short Sword
Poleaxe
Questions for dueling
Longshield
Duel Between a Man and a Woman
Sword and Buckler
Long Sword
Messer
Dagger
Grappling
Copyright and License Summary
Additional Resources
The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.
- Acutt, Jay (2019). Swords, Science, and Society: German Martial Arts in the Middle Ages. Glasgow: Fallen Rook Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9934216-9-3.
- Bauer, Matthias Johannes (2014). "Ein Zedel Fechter ich mich ruem/Im Schwert un Messer ungestuem. Fechtmeister als protagonisten und als (fach)literarisches Motiv in den deutschsprachigen Fechtlehren des ittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit." Das Mittelalter 19(2): 302-325. Ed. by Christian Jaser; Uwe Israel. doi:10.1515/mial-2014-0018.
- Hull, Jeffrey; Grzegorz Żabiński; Monika Maziarz (2007). Knightly Dueling: The Fighting Arts of German Chivalry. Boulder: Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-581606744.
- Lindholm, David (2008). "Das Solothurner Fechtbuch: Giving It Voice." Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts: 249-266. Ed. by John Clements. Boulder: Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3.
- Muhlberger, Steven (2005). Deeds of Arms. Highland Village: Chivalry Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1-891448-44-7.
- Muhlberger, Steven; Will McLean (2019). Murder, Rape, and Treason: Judicial Combats in the Late Middle Ages. Wheaton: Freelance Academy Press. ISBN 978-1-937439-41-5.
- Stangier, Thomas (2009). "'Ich hab ein hertz als ein leb…'. Zweikampfrealität und Tugendideal in den Fechtbüchern Hans Talhoffers und Paul Kals." Ritterwelten im Spätmittelalter. Höfisch-ritterliche Kultur der Reichen Herzöge von Bayern-Landshut: 73-93. Landshut: Museen der Stadt Landshut.
- Studer, Charles (1988). Das Solothurner Fechtbuch. Zentralbibliothek Solothurn.
- Tobler, Christian Henry (2006). In Service of the Duke: The 15th Century Fighting Treatise of Paulus Kal. Highland Village: Chivalry Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1-891448-25-6.
- Tobler, Christian Henry (2010). In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton: Freelance Academy Press. ISBN 978-0-9825911-1-6.
- Welle, Rainer (1993). '…und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen'. Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert. Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft. ISBN 3-89085-755-8.
References
- ↑ Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rainer Welle. "…und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen. Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. Und 16. Jahrhundert. Eine sozialhistorische und bewegungsbiographische Interpretation aufgrund der handschriften und gedruckten Ringlehren des Spätmittelalters." Forum für Sozialgeschichte 4. Pfaffenweiler, 1993. pp 243-253.
- ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Jens P. Kleinau. Paulus Kal, a Schirrmeister. Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau, 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
- ↑ Possibly abbreviated phrases from Latin or Italian.
- ↑ It is unclear whether Paulus Kal left behind any staff treatises, but this indicates a clear connection between staff and pollaxe fighting.
- ↑ This looks something like the reissen in Messer.
- ↑ Hang likely means to push the shaft through with your rear hand, suspending the head of the axe in front of you.
- ↑ Ansetzen.
- ↑ Original appears to be nonsensical. With some consultation this is about as clear a translation I came across.
- ↑ “suech den vnttern rist”
- ↑ Presumably since you are only acting as though you will parry, you are voiding, which could expose the armpit etc.
- ↑ Impalement is implied, probably with the queue.
- ↑ The point standing upwards happens to be the queue in this play, but likely does not matter.
- ↑ Hildebrand’s Cut is described by Paurenfeyndt as a parry which allows the opponent’s attack to slide downward off the weapon and to the side.
- ↑ “Indes” - most likely not in the fencing sense but used as it commonly is.
