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! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Translation (from Augsburg I)}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
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! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Translation (from Augsburg)}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
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! <p>[[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg Transcription I]] (1450s){{edit index|Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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! <p>[[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Dresden Transcription (Mair)]] (1542){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MS Dresd.C.93)}}<br/>by [[Pierre-Henry Bas]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Dresden Transcription (Mair)]] (1542){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MS Dresd.C.93)}}<br/>by [[Pierre-Henry Bas]]</p>
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| {{red|Who Over-hews you,<br/>Threaten with the Wrath-hew point.}}
 
| {{red|Who Over-hews you,<br/>Threaten with the Wrath-hew point.}}
 
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| {{red|If he becomes aware,<br/>Take off above without danger.}}
 
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<p>Item, the Wrath-hew with the point breaks all Over-hews and is yet nothing more than a simple peasant strike, and drive that thus. When he hews above from the right side to the head, then hew from your right side also from above with him, likewise wrathfully without any parrying, above onto his sword, and let the point shoot in straight ahead of you to the face or the breast. If he then becomes aware of the point and parries with strength, then tear up over yourself with your sword on his sword’s blade, above off from his sword, and hew in to the other side, on his sword’s blade, again in to the head. That is called taking off above, etc.</p>
 
<p>Item, the Wrath-hew with the point breaks all Over-hews and is yet nothing more than a simple peasant strike, and drive that thus. When he hews above from the right side to the head, then hew from your right side also from above with him, likewise wrathfully without any parrying, above onto his sword, and let the point shoot in straight ahead of you to the face or the breast. If he then becomes aware of the point and parries with strength, then tear up over yourself with your sword on his sword’s blade, above off from his sword, and hew in to the other side, on his sword’s blade, again in to the head. That is called taking off above, etc.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 007v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 008r.jpg|1|lbl=8r|p=1}}
 
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<p>''Item, when you will make the Wrath Hew, then you may strike with the right hand and with the left hand behind well up in, and thereafter with the inverted hand make the point down below and go through.''</p>
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| <p>[19] ''Item: You may also not take away upward,tearing up with your sword further than his point, Meanwhile strike in against him to the head.''</p>
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| <p>[20] ''Item, a counter against the taking-off: When he takes off above and hews to your head on your right side, then wind your sword with your short edge a little on his and strike Meanwhile with the long edge to his head.''</p>
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| <p>[21] ''Item, another counter: Meanwhile as he takes-off, then step aside from the strike and work in to the next opening with the hew.''</p>
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<p>''Item, when you have struck with the inverted hand from the Wrath Hew, and he drives up and parries you, then drive thus through with your inverted hand on his right side on his belly and wind in the right elbow over his and your sword and hold fast, so you have locked him, or jerk with your right side on your left and tear strongly behind you so you take his sword and your point goes in to his face.''</p>
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| {{red|Be stronger against<br/>Wind, stab, if he sees, then take it down.}}
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<p>That is when you hew in wrathfully with him, if he then holds strongly against with the sword, if you do not wish to take off above, then be strong against, and drive up with the arms to your right side and Wind the short edge on his sword, and stab him above in to the face. If he becomes aware of the stab and drives up and parries, then remain thus standing in the Winding and set the point below on him, etc.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 008v.jpg|1|lbl=8v}}
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| <p>[24] ''Item, so you thus on your right side have wound, and he has parried your stab, then wind a little again on your left and set in your point also down in his breast. If he then parries the point, then pull your sword on you and strike in again to his head. If he then parries, so take off above or take other work therefrom.''</p>
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<p>''Item, when you have taken off above and he has you parried you thus to the other mouth and stabbed with you, then drive well up with the arms and wind in the short edge in the Weak of his blade and stab in to his face or wind on your right side on his blade in the Weak and stab in but to his face. You may also make both winds from one another and thrust with the point.''</p>
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| {{red|This even mark,<br/>Hew, Stab, Lier, Soft or Hard,}}
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| {{red|Meanwhile, Before and After,<br/>And guard that your War is not rushed.}}
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<p>This is a lesson. When he binds on your sword with a hew or with a stab, then you shall not be too rushed with the War, that is, with the Winding, before you mark very precisely if when his sword on the other clashes or binds, it is Soft or Hard. And  as quickly as you find thus, then Wind Meanwhile and work with the War after the Soft and after the Hard to the nearest opening. And what the Before and the After are called, that you have learned before, etc.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 009r.jpg|1|lbl=9r|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 009v.jpg|1|lbl=9v|p=1}}
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<p>Know that the Winding and the work therefrom with the point to the Four Openings, that same is called the War, drive that thus: When you hew in with the Wrath-hew, as quickly as he then parries, then drive up with the arms and Wind in the Point on his sword above in to the upper openings of his left side. If he then sets the upper stab off, then remain thus standing with the Winding and let the point sink down under you to the lower opening on his left side. If he then follows after your sword with the parrying, then seek the lower opening of his right side with your point. If he then follows further with the parrying, then drive up with the sword on the left side and hang the point above into the upper opening of his right side, and thus he becomes ashamed with the War below and above, if you correctly drive in, etc.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 009v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 010r.jpg|1|lbl=10r|p=1}}
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| {{red|In all Winding,<br/>Learn to find Hew, Stab, and Slice.}}
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| {{red|Also you shall with<br/>Proofing Hew, Stab, or Slice.}}
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<p>Know that you shall be entirely ready with all Winding on the sword, since each Winding has three particular techniques; that is a Hew, a Stab, and a Slice. And when you Wind on the sword, then you shall well proof and mark that you do not drive the incorrect techniques that pertains in the Winding thus: that you do not Hew when you should Stab, and do not Slice when you should Hew, and also not Stab when you should Slice. And thus shall you always find the correct technique to drive with rightly pertaining technique in all hits and all Winding of the sword, if you will trick and deceive the other masters when they are set against you. And how you will Wind on the sword, and how you shall drive, that you will find in the last technique of the Epitome, that says “Who well Hangs”, etc.</p>
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| <p>[29] ''Item, when you will make a hew and a stab and a slice, then do him thus: hew the Wrath-hew boldly in from your right side, Meanwhile wind in the point on his left side and stab in to his face on his left side. Meanwhile step with your left foot on his right and slice in with the long edge over both his arms.''</p>
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<p>That is when you come to the man with the pre-fencing, if you will then wisely fence, then you shall namely not hew in  to the sword, since you should aim for the Four Openings. These are the right side, the other the left, of the half over the girdle of the man. The other two openings, these are the left and the right side of the under half of the girdle. You take the same openings before and hew then boldly to, and regard not what he fences against you. If he then parries, then work in the parrying quickly to the next opening. Thus wait out the body and not the sword, etc.</p>
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Revision as of 01:09, 29 June 2016

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

Caution: Scribes at Work

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This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 01:09, 29 June 2016 (UTC). (Update)

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.

Treatises

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, but do appear in Ringeck (and constitute almost 10% of that gloss); this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome,[2] while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, consisting solely of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B) which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version (included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work, though Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this copy is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents much more closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were originally presented in a single concordance on the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig page, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved here to Jud Lew's page, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the page of Pseudo-Danzig. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it will appear in both concordances for comparative purposes.

Temporary break

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. ↑ Zabinski, pp 82-83


Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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