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| <p>[12] {{red|b=1|Do the Zornhau with these techniques.}}</p>
+
| <p>[16] {{red|b=1|This is the wrath-cut with its plays}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>27</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>That which cuts from above,<br/>the Zornhau threatens him with the point.</p>
+
| <small>27</small>
 +
| Whoever cuts over<ref>''ober'' is an adjective, ''oben'' is an adverb.</ref> you,<br/>&emsp;The wrath-cut point threatens him.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When someone cuts against you from above from their right side, so cut with a strong Zornhau (wrath strike) with the long edge from your right shoulder. If he is weak in the bind, thrust in with the point along his blade to his face, and threaten to stab him.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Understand it thusly: When one cleaves-in above from his right side, so also cleave-in a wrath-cut with him, with the long edge strongly from your<ref>R. "the".</ref> right shoulder. If he is then soft upon the sword, so shoot-in the point forward long to his face and threaten to stab him (as stands done hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d">Clause omitted from the Dresden.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019r.png|1|lbl=19r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019r.png|1|lbl=19r}}
 
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|-  
 
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| <p>[13] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zornhau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the wrath-cut}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>28</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>If he recognises this,<br/>so lift off above without danger.</p>
+
| <small>28</small>
 +
| If he becomes aware of it,<br/>&emsp;So take-away above without going.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you thrust after a Zornhau and he becomes aware of the point and strongly defends against the thrust, twitch your sword up, over and away from his sword and cut him on the other side of his sword up into his head.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is<ref name="di-d">"This is" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> when you shoot-in the point with the wrath-cut (as stands done nearest)<ref name="clause-d"/>: if he then becomes aware of the point and parries the thrust with strength, so move-away<ref>''abrucken'': "''removere''" (remove), "''absetzen''" (set-aside).</ref> your sword up above from his and cleave-in again above to the other side on his sword to his head (as stands done here).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019v.png|1|lbl=19v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019v.png|1|lbl=19v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[14] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zornhau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the wrath-cut}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>29</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Become stronger against<br/>:and thrust! If he marks this, take it below.</p>
+
| <small>29</small>
 +
| Be strong against<br/>&emsp;And thrust. If he sees it, take it down<ref>D. ''wider''[sic]: "again".</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut in against him with a Zornhau and he defends himself and holds backs, strong against you in the bind, so become strong again against him in the bind and push up with the "strong" of the sword against the "weak" of his sword, and wind your hilt high in front of your head, and thrust down from above into his face.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this is<ref name="mdi-d"/> when you cleave-in with the wrath-cut (as stands done nearest)<ref name="clause-d"/>: if he parries it, and with that remains strongly upon the sword, so again be strong against him upon the sword, and drive up with the strong of your sword into the weak of his sword, and wind your hilt forward in front of your head upon the sword, and so thrust him high to the face (as stands pictured here).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020r.png|1|lbl=20r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020r.png|1|lbl=20r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zornhau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[19] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the wrath-cut}}</p>
  
<p>When you use the winding against him and thrust down from above—as mentioned already—and he pushes up high with the hands and uses the hilt to defend against your upper thrust, so stand in the winding and thrust your point downwards between his arms and chest.</p>
+
<p>When you thrust-in high with the winding (as was pictured<ref name="word-d"/> before), if he then goes up with the hands and parries the high thrust with the hilt, so also remain standing in the winding and set the point down between his arms and the chest (as stands pictured here below).<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|1|lbl=20v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|1|lbl=20v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[16] {{red|b=1|A counter to the taking-away.}}</p>
+
| <p>[20] {{red|b=1|A break against the taking-away}}</p>
  
<p>When you bind strongly against him and he twitches away his sword up and over your sword and in the bind cuts against you on the other side of your sword to your head, so bind (strike) strongly with the long edge in against his head.</p>
+
<p>Note, when you bind with someone strongly on his<ref name="the-d">D. "the".</ref> sword, if he then draws his sword from your sword up above and cleaves-in again on the sword above to the other side toward your head, so wind-in<ref>D. ''bind'': "bind-in".</ref> strongly with the long edge high to his head.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|A good lesson.}}</p>
+
| <p>[21] {{red|b=1|Here note a good lesson}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>30</small><br/><br/><small>31</small><br/><br/><small>32</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Note to train this:<br/>cut, thrusts, guards--soft and hard.<br/>"Instant" and "Before", "After" without hurry.<br/>Do not seek close combat prematurely.<br/>Those who aim for close combat<br/>before they are ready, are cut down.</p>
+
| <small>30</small>
 +
| Note this precisely:<br/>&emsp;Cut, thrust, guard; soft or hard,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>31</small>
 +
| In-the-moment<ref>R. ''Jun ger'' [sic].</ref> and drive-after[sic]<br/>&emsp;Without hurry. Do not rush your war:<ref>R. ''dem krieg'': "the war".</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| <small>32</small>
 +
| Whoever's war aims<br/>&emsp;Above, they become ashamed below.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When one binds against your sword with a cut or thrust or anything else, you must find out whether he is soft or hard in the bind. And when you find this, you will "Instantly" know what is best to do, to attack him with "Before" or "After". But in the attack you shall not be too hasty to go into close combat, because close combat is nothing other than the windings in the bind.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is what you shall quite precisely note: when one binds on your sword (with a cut or with a thrust or otherwise), [note] whether he is soft or hard upon the sword. And when you have sensed this, so you shall know in-the-moment which is the best for you: whether you work<ref>D. ''hurten'': "to rush".</ref> upon him with the before or with the after. But with that you shall allow yourself to be without hurry [and] not too rushed with the war, because the war is nothing other than the windings upon the sword. </p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021r.png|1|lbl=21r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021v.png|1|lbl=21v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021r.png|1|lbl=21r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021v.png|1|lbl=21v|p=1}}
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| <p>Perform close combat like this: when you cut against him with a Zornhau, when he defends himself quickly, you shall go up in an orderly fashion with the arms and wind against his sword with your point in against the upper opening. If he defends against this thrust, stand in the winding and thrust with the point into the lower openings. If he follows further after the sword in self defence, go under his sword with the point through to the other side and hang your point over in against the other opening on his right side. In this way he will be cut down in close combat both above and below, because you (unlike he) can perform the movements correctly.</p>
+
| <p>[22] Item. Execute the war thusly: When you cleave-in with the wrath-cut, then as soon as he parries, drive up with the arms and wind-in the point upon the sword to the upper opening. If he then parries the thrust, so keep staying in the winding and stab the low opening with the point. If he then further follows-after the sword with parrying, so drive-through with the point below his sword and hang-in the point above to the other opening of his right side. Thus he becomes ashamed above and below, because you can otherwise execute the techniques correctly.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022r.png|1|lbl=22r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022r.png|1|lbl=22r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|How one in all windings shall find correct cuts and thrusts.}}</p>
+
| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|How one shall properly find in all winding cuts and thrusts}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>33</small><br/><br/><small>34</small><br/><br/><small>35</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>In all windings<br/>learn correctly to find the cut and the thrust.<br/>You shall also test<br/>with cut, thrust or slice,<br/>in all fights<br/>if you want to beat the masters.</p>
+
| <small>33</small>
 +
| In all winding,<br/>&emsp;Learn to properly find cut, thrust.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>34</small>
 +
| You shall also, with<br/>&emsp;Testing, cut, thrust, or slice
 +
|-
 +
| <small>35</small>
 +
| In all hits<br/>&emsp;If you wish to confound the masters.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} That is to say that you should in all windings find the correct cut, thrust or slice in this manner: when you wind, you shall become immediately aware of which the three will work best for you to use. This is so that you do not cut when you should thrust, and that you do not slice when you should cut, and so that you do not thrust when you should slice. And mark: when your opponent defends against the one, you should strike with the other. Also: if one defends against your thrust then use the cut. If he rushes in towards you, use the lower slice against his arm. Remember this in all fights and binds with the sword, if you want to defeat the masters who set themselves against you.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is how you shall properly find cut, thrust, and slice in all winding: so when you wind, you shall immediately test which of the three is best to execute: the cut, or thrust, or slice.<ref>"the cut, or thrust, or slice" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> Thus, you do not cut when you should thrust, nor slice when you should cut, nor thrust when you should slice.<ref>"nor thrust… slice" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> And note, when someone parries the one, that you hit them with the other. So if one parries your thrust, then execute the cut. If someone runs-in, then execute the under-slice into their arm.<ref name="sentence-r">Sentence omitted from the Rostock.</ref> Remember this<ref name="word-d"/> in all hits and bindings of the sword, if you wish to confound the masters who set themselves against you.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|1|lbl=22v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|1|lbl=22v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|The four openings.}}</p>
+
| <p>[24] {{red|b=1|About the four openings}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>36</small><br/><br/><small>37</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Learn four openings,<br/>aim to strike these with safety,<br/>without any risk,<br/>without doubt about what he can do.</p>
+
| <small>36</small>
 +
| Know to target the four openings;<br/>&emsp;Thus you strike wisely.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>37</small>
 +
| Go upon all<br/>&emsp;Without doubt how he bears.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Here you will learn about people's four openings, against which you will always fence. The first opening is on the right sight, the second on the left side, above the man's belt. The other two are likewise on the right and left sides under the belt. Always pay attention to the openings in Zufechten. His openings you shall skillfully seek without danger: with thrusts with the the outstretched point, with travelling after and with all other techniques. And do not pay heed to what he tries to do with his techniques against you, but fence with belief and throw strikes that are excellent and that do not allow him to come at you with his own techniques.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. You shall here note the four openings on the man which you shall always fence to. The first opening is the right side; the second is<ref name="word-r">Word omitted from the Rostock.</ref> the left side<ref name="word-r"/> above the girdle of the man. The other two are also the right and the left sides below the girdle. In the onset, precisely observe the openings with which he uncovers himself against you. Artfully target the same without danger with the shooting-in of the long point, with following-after, and also with the winding upon the sword,<ref name="clause-d"/> and otherwise with all techniques, and do not pay attention<ref>Alternately: ponder, weigh, calculate, estimate, consider.</ref> to how he bears against you with his techniques. So you fence wisely and from that make attacks which are excellent, and with those do not allow him to come to his plays.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023r.png|1|lbl=23r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023r.png|1|lbl=23r|p=1}}
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| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|Explanation of doubling and mutating: how these break the four openings.}}</p>
+
| <p>[25] {{red|b=1|The text and the gloss about the doubling and about the mutating: how they break the four openings.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>38</small><br/><br/><small>39</small><br/><br/><small>40</small><br/><br/><small>41</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>If you would like to find revenge,<br/>skillfully break up the four openings:<br/>double over,<br/>mutate below correctly.<br/>Certainly I say this:<br/>no master defends himself without risk.<br/>If you have understood this,<br/>he can hardly come to blows.</p>
+
| <small>38</small>
 +
| If you wish to reckon,<ref>Alternately: avenge, take full legal retribution.</ref><br/>&emsp;Artfully break the four openings:
 +
|-
 +
| <small>39</small>
 +
| Double above,<br/>&emsp;Mutate right<ref>Alternately: straight, upright, properly.</ref> below.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>40</small>
 +
| I say to you truthfully:<br/>&emsp;No master defends themselves without danger.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>41</small>
 +
| If you have understood this properly,<br/>&emsp;He may hardly come to blows.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you would like to skillfully break up the four openings for him, use the doubling against the upper openings and the mutating against the other openings. Certainly I say to you that he cannot defend himself against this, and can succeed with neither cut nor thrust.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you wish to reckon yourself upon another such that you wish to break the four openings with art: so execute the doubling to the upper openings against the strong of his sword, and the mutating to the other opening. Thus I say to you truthfully that he cannot defend<ref>D. ''schüczen'', R. ''behuetẽ''.</ref> himself from that, and may neither come to strikes nor to thrusts.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023v.png|1|lbl=23v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|1|lbl=24r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023v.png|1|lbl=23v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|1|lbl=24r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[24] {{red|b=1|Doubling.}}</p>
+
| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|The doubling}}</p>
  
<p>When you cut in with a Zornhau or another Oberhau and he defends himself strongly, so "Instantly" thrust your pommel in under your right arm with your left hand, and cut him in the bind over the face with crossed hands, between the sword and the man. Or cut him with the sword in the head.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-r"/> Note,<ref name="word-d"/> when you cleave-in with the wrath-cut (or otherwise high), if he parries you with strength, then in-the-moment shove<ref>Rostock cuts off at this point and picks up in the middle of the sixth subsequent play, probably indicating a missing page.</ref> your sword's pommel under your right arm with the left hand, and strike him through the maw, with crossed hands, upon the sword behind his sword's blade (between the sword and the man); or strike him with the play<ref>Alternately: part, piece.</ref> upon the head.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>[25] {{red|b=1|Mutating.}}</p>
+
| <p>[27] {{red|b=1|Note the mutating}}</p>
 
+
<p>Execute the mutating thusly: When you bind him with the over-cut (or otherwise on the sword), then wind the short edge upon his sword and drive well up with the arms, and wind your sword's blade outside above his sword and thrust him to the low openings, and this executes to both sides.</p>
<p>When you bind against his sword with an Oberhau or something similar, so wind the short edge against his sword and go up in an orderly fashion with the arms; and hang your sword blade over his sword on the outside and thrust into him through the lower openings. This can be done on both sides.</p>
 
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
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| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|Do the Krumphau (crooked strike) with these techniques.}}</p>
+
| <p>[28] {{red|b=1|The crooked-cut with its plays}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>42</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Strike the Krumphau deftly,<br/>cast the point towards the hands.</p>
+
| <small>42</small>
 +
| Crook on<ref>''aufkrummen'': Lat. ''sursum torquere'', twist, turn or bend up; twist, turn, bend, or cast back; avert, deflect .</ref> swiftly,<br/>&emsp;Throw the point upon the hands.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall strike the Krumphau against the hands. When he cuts from his right side against an opening with an Oberhau or Underhau, take a spring away from the strike with your right foot, far out to his left side; and cut with crossed arms with the point to the hands. And even try this technique against him when he stands against you in the Ox guard.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}.<ref name="word-s">Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> This is how you shall cut crooked to the hands, and execute the play thusly: When he cuts from [his]<ref>Sic, lit. "your".</ref> right side to the opening<ref>"the opening" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> with over- or under-cuts,<ref>S. "the over- or under-cut".</ref> spring away from the cut with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him<ref>Possibly "it".</ref> with crossed<ref>S. ''vß gestreckten'': "outstretched".</ref> arms with the point<ref name="word-s"/> upon his<ref name="the-d"/> hands. And also execute this play against him when he stands against you in the guard of the oxen.<ref>Sentence omitted from the Salzburg; instead, it nonsensically concludes with the final few lines of the pPvD gloss: ''wol vff die rechte~ site~ vnd schlag in mit der langen schnide~ vß gekrutzten armen vber sin hende ~'', "well on your right side and strike-in with the long edge from crossed arms over his hands".</ref></p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|1|lbl=25r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|1|lbl=25r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[27] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[29] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the crooked-cut}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>43</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>He who uses the Krumphau well<br/>with a step, he is able to defend against cuts.</p>
+
| <small>43</small>
 +
| Whoever sets crooked well<br/>&emsp;With stepping, he injures many cuts.
 +
 
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall set aside all Oberhau attacks with the Krumphau. When he cuts in from above against your openings from his right side, step with your right foot out to his left side and throw your blade across his sword with the point to the ground in the Barrier guard. Test this on both sides. And from this setting aside you can cut him in the head.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is how you shall set aside the over-cut with the crooked-cut; execute the play thusly: When he cleaves-in above from his right side to the opening, so stride with the right foot to his left side [verb]<ref>Likely a scribal error here, omitting a verb.</ref> above[sic] his sword, with the point upon the earth in the barrier-guard. Execute this to both sides. You may also strike him to the head from the setting-aside.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|1|lbl=25v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|1|lbl=25v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[28] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[30] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the crooked-cut}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>44</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Cut crookedly against the flat side<br/>of the masters, if you want to weaken them.</p>
+
| <small>44</small>
 +
| Hew crooked to the flats of<br/>&emsp;The masters if you wish to weaken them.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you want to weak a master, use this technique: when he cuts in against you from above from his right side, strike crookedly with crossed hands against his cut above the sword.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you wish to weaken a master, so execute the play thusly: When he cleaves-in from his right side, so cut crooked with crossed hands against his cut onto his sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 539: Line 573:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[29] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[31] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the crooked-cut}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>45</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>When it comes from above<br/>stand back, this I shall praise.</p>
+
| <small>45</small>
 +
| When it sparks above<br/>&emsp;So stand aside, that I will laud.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut a Krumphau onto his sword, so cut immediately back up from the sword with the short edge, in and down from above onto his head. Or wind the Krumphau with the short edge against his sword and thrust into his breast.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you cut onto his sword with the crooked-cut: so strike-in again quickly with the short edge up-over from the sword to his head, or with the crooked-cut wind the short edge upon his sword and thrust him to the chest.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|1|lbl=26r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|1|lbl=26r|p=1}}
Line 553: Line 588:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[30] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[32] {{red|b=1|Again a play from the crooked-cut}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>46</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Do not Krump, cut short,<br/>then see changing-through.</p>
+
| <small>46</small>
 +
| Do not crooked[-cut]; short-cut,<br/>&emsp;With that seek the changing-through.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When he wants to cut in from his right shoulder, pretend that you want to bind against his sword with a Krumphau. Cut short; and go through with the point under his sword and wind your hilt to your right side over your head, and stab him in the face.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when he wishes to cleave-in above from his right shoulder:<ref>Rostock begins again at this point.</ref> so you act as if you will bind onto his sword with the crooked-cut, and [then] short-cut<ref>"Cut" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and go-through under his sword with the point, and wind your hilt to your right side above your head and thrust him to the face (as stands pictured here), and this play breaks it [the crooked-cut].<ref name="clause-d"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 570: Line 606:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[31] {{red|b=1|How one should counter the Krumphau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[33] {{red|b=1|Note how one shall break the crooked-cut}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>47</small><br/><br/><small>48</small><br/><br/></p>
+
|-
| <p>Krumps that foil you;<br/>the Noble War confuses him,<br/>so that he truthfully<br/>does not know where he shall be without danger.</p>
+
| <small>47</small>
 +
| Whoever foils you crooked,<br/>&emsp;The noble war confounds them
 +
|-
 +
| <small>48</small>
 +
| That they do not truthfully know<br/>&emsp;Where they are without danger.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut against him from above or from below, from your right side; if he also cuts crookedly from him right side with crossed arms to your sword and thus foils your strike, so bind strongly with your sword. And shoot your point against his breast under the long edge of his sword.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. This is when you cleave-in to him from your right side, above or below: if he then also cuts crooked onto your sword from his right side with crossed arms, and with that deflects your cut, so remain with the your sword strongly upon his and shoot-in the point long under his sword to the chest.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
Line 585: Line 625:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[32] {{red|b=1|Another counter against the Krumphau.}}</p>
+
| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|Another break above the crooked-cut}}</p>
  
<p>When you cut in against him from above from your right side and he also cuts crookedly from his right side with crossed arms onto your sword and thus presses it down towards the ground, wind towards your right side; go with your arms up over your head. And thrust with your point from above against his breast. {{red|Glosa}} If he defends himself against this, stand with your hilt in front of your head, and work deftly with the point from one opening to the other, this is called "the Noble War." With this you will confuse him so totally that truthfully he will not know where he will find himself.</p>
+
<p>Note, when<ref>S. "so".</ref> you cleave-in above from your right side: if he then comes onto your sword with crossed arms from his right side as well,<ref>"When you… well, and" omitted from the Rostock and the Salzburg.</ref> when you shoot-in the point to him under his sword to his chest (as stands written and pictured nearest),<ref>Clause omitted from the Dresden; this seems to be an abbreviated explanation of the previous play, which is skipped entirely in the Rostock.</ref> and [if he] with that<ref>R., S. "the crooked-cut".</ref> presses your sword<ref>D. "you".</ref> downward against<ref>R., S. "to".</ref> the earth, so wind against your right side and drive well up over your head with the arms, and set your point above upon the chest (as is pictured here)<ref>D. "Gloss"; clause omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> If he parries you, so remain standing thusly with the hilt before the head, and work swiftly with the point from one opening to the other. That is called the noble<ref name="word-s"/> war; with it you confound him so entirely that he does not know where he shall stay away.<ref>S. "guard himself".</ref></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|1|lbl=27r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|1|lbl=27r|p=1}}

Revision as of 01:32, 2 July 2015

Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck
Born date of birth unknown
Died before 1470
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality German
Patron Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Movement Society of Liechtenauer
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2001
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck (Sigmund ain Ringeck, Sigmund Amring, Sigmund Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 14th or 15th century German fencing master. While the meaning of the surname "Schining" is uncertain, the suffix "ain Ringeck" may indicate that he came from the Rhineland region of south-eastern Germany. He is named in the text as Schirmaister[1] to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. Other than this, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that his renown as a master was sufficient for Paulus Kal to include him on his memorial to the deceased masters of the Society of Liechtenauer in 1470.[2]

The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht held the title during the fifteenth century. If it is Albrecht I, who reigned from 1353 to 1404, this would signify that Ringeck was likely a direct associate or student of the grand master Johannes Liechtenauer. However, it may just as easily have been Albrecht III, who carried the title from 1438 to 1460, making Ringeck potentially a second-generation master carrying on the tradition.[3] Albrecht IV claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this seems somewhat less likely in light of Ringeck's apparent death within that same decade, meaning the master would have had to have penned his treatise in the final few years of his life. In its favor, however, is the fact that Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so both the Dresden and Glasgow versions of the text were likely created during his reign.

Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the MS Dresd.C.487. While Ringeck was the author of one of the core texts, a complete gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on unarmored longsword fencing, and perhaps also the anonymous glosses of his armored and mounted fencing, the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition (not just Ringeck), and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century[4] (well after the master's lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he authored one of the few glosses of Liechtenauer's verse makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the 15th century.

While it was not duplicated nearly as often as the more famous gloss of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, Ringeck's work nevertheless seems to have had a lasting influence. Not only was it reproduced by Joachim Meÿer in his final manuscript (left unifinished at his death in 1571), but in 1539 Hans Medel von Salzburg took it upon himself to create an update and revision of Ringeck's Bloßfechten gloss, integrating his own commentary in many places.

Stemma

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
  • Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
  • Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4

References

  1. For possible meanings of this term, see Jens P. Kleinau. "Schirrmeister, Schermeister, Schirmmeister". Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau, 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  2. The Society of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  3. Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
  4. Werner J. Hoffmann. "Mscr.Dresd.C.487: Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre". Tiefenerschließung und Digitalisierung der deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  5. The phrase "and pictured" is omitted from the Dresden.
  6. Corrected from »am«.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Line omitted from the Dresden.
  8. darhauen: To chop down, to fell.
  9. Lit: cut the cuts.
  10. D. Zeck: Tick; R. Zeckruhr: Insect bites.
  11. Possibly "strongly desire to execute".
  12. 12.0 12.1 "Note, this is" omitted from the Dresden.
  13. "You shall" omitted from the Rostock.
  14. Lit: "Before the moment he comes with his to you".
  15. wiederhalten: lit. "hold against"; to withstand, resist.
  16. Alternately: weapons.
  17. D. Wer dz wäre: "Whoever defends these".
  18. Alternately: avow, legally promise.
  19. Possibly "wages".
  20. 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Word omitted from the Dresden.
  21. Lit: "cut other cuts".
  22. "In the same five cuts" omitted from the Rostock.
  23. ober is an adjective, oben is an adverb.
  24. R. "the".
  25. 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 Clause omitted from the Dresden.
  26. "This is" omitted from the Dresden.
  27. abrucken: "removere" (remove), "absetzen" (set-aside).
  28. D. wider[sic]: "again".
  29. 29.0 29.1 D. "the".
  30. D. bind: "bind-in".
  31. R. Jun ger [sic].
  32. R. dem krieg: "the war".
  33. D. hurten: "to rush".
  34. "the cut, or thrust, or slice" omitted from the Dresden.
  35. "nor thrust… slice" omitted from the Rostock.
  36. Sentence omitted from the Rostock.
  37. 37.0 37.1 37.2 Word omitted from the Rostock.
  38. Alternately: ponder, weigh, calculate, estimate, consider.
  39. Alternately: avenge, take full legal retribution.
  40. Alternately: straight, upright, properly.
  41. D. schüczen, R. behuetẽ.
  42. Rostock cuts off at this point and picks up in the middle of the sixth subsequent play, probably indicating a missing page.
  43. Alternately: part, piece.
  44. aufkrummen: Lat. sursum torquere, twist, turn or bend up; twist, turn, bend, or cast back; avert, deflect .
  45. 45.0 45.1 45.2 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  46. Sic, lit. "your".
  47. "the opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  48. S. "the over- or under-cut".
  49. Possibly "it".
  50. S. vß gestreckten: "outstretched".
  51. Sentence omitted from the Salzburg; instead, it nonsensically concludes with the final few lines of the pPvD gloss: wol vff die rechte~ site~ vnd schlag in mit der langen schnide~ vß gekrutzten armen vber sin hende ~, "well on your right side and strike-in with the long edge from crossed arms over his hands".
  52. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 18v-19r
  53. Likely a scribal error here, omitting a verb.
  54. Rostock begins again at this point.
  55. "Cut" omitted from the Dresden.
  56. S. "so".
  57. "When you… well, and" omitted from the Rostock and the Salzburg.
  58. Clause omitted from the Dresden; this seems to be an abbreviated explanation of the previous play, which is skipped entirely in the Rostock.
  59. R., S. "the crooked-cut".
  60. D. "you".
  61. R., S. "to".
  62. D. "Gloss"; clause omitted from the Salzburg.
  63. S. "guard himself".
  64. "Komp" added below the line in a different hand.
  65. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 20v-21r
  66. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 21v
  67. Corrected from »seiner«.
  68. 68.0 68.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 28v
  69. 69.0 69.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 31r
  70. Corrected from »dem«.
  71. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 33v
  72. Corrected from »dim«.
  73. Corrected from »rechtem«.
  74. Corrected from »sinem«.
  75. Remainder of fragments from Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82), ff 13r-14v
  76. The word »es« is almost illegible.
  77. Corrected from »ausgerattñ«.
  78. Corrected from »dem«.
  79. Corrected from »dim«.
  80. Corrected from »dinem«.
  81. The text ends here abruptly, in the middle of a play. Since the page isn't full, it's unclear why the scribe stopped at this point. The subsequent folia come from earlier in the manuscript; they were removed and then added back in at the end.