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| Whoever threatens to change,<br/>&emsp;The squinter robs him of it.
 
| Whoever threatens to change,<br/>&emsp;The squinter robs him of it.
 
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<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note here<ref name="word-gr">Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.</ref> that the squinter is a cut which breaks-in<ref name="word-dr">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.</ref> the cuts and thrusts of the buffalo ([one] who acquires<ref>''annehmen'': receive, accept, take up, assume, claim, obtain, etc.</ref> victory with power), and<ref name="word-r"/> execute the cut thusly: When he cleaves-in above from his right side, so cut from your right against his cut into the weak of his sword, with the short edge [and] with up-right<ref>"Upright, elevated, straight, at a right angle"; Glasgow gives ''auff gerackten'', which may be a misspelling of pPvD's ''aus gestrackten'', "out-stretched".</ref> arms,<ref>"With up-right arms" <Rostock> omitted from the Rostock.</ref> and strike him upon his right shoulder (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/> If he changes-through, shoot with the cut long into his chest and<ref name="word-g">Word omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> also cut when he stands against you in the guard of the plow or when he will thrust you from below.<ref name="sentence-r"/></p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note here<ref name="word-gr">Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.</ref> that the squinter is a cut which breaks-in<ref name="word-dr">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.</ref> the cuts and thrusts of the buffalo ([one] who acquires<ref>''annehmen'': receive, accept, take up, assume, claim, obtain, etc.</ref> victory with power), and<ref name="word-r"/> execute the cut thusly: When he cleaves-in above from his right side, so cut from your right against his cut into the weak of his sword, with the short edge [and] with up-right<ref>"Upright, elevated, straight, at a right angle"; Glasgow gives ''auff gerackten'', which may be a misspelling of pPvD's ''aus gestrackten'', "out-stretched".</ref> arms,<ref>"With up-right arms" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> and strike him upon his right shoulder (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-d"/> If he changes-through, shoot with the cut long into his chest and<ref name="word-g">Word omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> also cut when he stands against you in the guard of the plow or when he will thrust you from below.<ref name="sentence-r"/></p>
 
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| Squint to the point<br/>&emsp;And take the neck without fear.
 
| Squint to the point<br/>&emsp;And take the neck without fear.
 
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<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, the squinter breaks the long-point<sup>mit ainer betrugnus des gesichtz</sup> and execute it thusly: When he stands against you and holds the point against the face or against<ref name="word-dg">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> the<ref name="word-g"/> chest from extended arms, so stand with the left foot forward and squint with the face to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> and act as if you wish to cut to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> and cut strongly onto his sword with the short edge, and with that, shoot the point long to his neck with a step-forwards of the right foot (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-dr"/></p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, the squinter breaks the long-point <sup>mit ainer betrugnus des gesichtz</sup> and execute it thusly: When he stands against you and holds the point against the face or against<ref name="word-dg">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> the<ref name="word-g"/> chest from extended arms, so stand with the left foot forward and squint with the face to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> and act as if you wish to cut to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> and cut strongly onto his sword with the short edge, and with that, shoot the point long to his neck with a step-forwards of the right foot (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-dr"/></p>
 
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| <p>[64] {{red|b=1|The first cut}}<ref name="word-g"/> is the crooked-cut, which breaks the guard of the oxen. die da haist der ochs</p>
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| <p>[64] {{red|b=1|The first cut}}<ref name="word-g"/> is the crooked-cut, which breaks the guard that is named the ox.<ref>D. "oxen".</ref></p>
 
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| <p>[67] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-d"/> The fourth}} is the parter, which breaks the guard, die da haist der the fool.</p>
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| <p>[67] {{red|b=1|Item.<ref name="word-d"/> The fourth}} is the parter, which breaks the guard that is named the fool.</p>
 
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| <p>[68] And guard yourself sunst vor from all parries which the simple fencers execute, and note when he cuts, so you also cut; and when he thrusts, so thrust as well; and how you shall cut and thrust, you find that written in the five cuts and in the setting-aside.</p>
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| <p>[68] And guard yourself from all parries which the simple fencers execute, and note when he cuts, so you also cut; and when he thrusts, so thrust as well; and how you shall cut and thrust, you find that written in the five cuts and in the setting-aside.</p>
 
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| <p>[70] {{red|b=1|Yet another play against the parrying}}</p>
 
| <p>[70] {{red|b=1|Yet another play against the parrying}}</p>
  
<p>Item.<ref name="word-dg"/> Note, when you cut an under-cut from the right side: if he then falls with the sword onto yours so you cannot come up with it, swiftly drive over his sword with the pommel vnd rieß din clinge~ vnte~ von der siner<ref>omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> and strike him with the snapping, with the long edge to the head<ref>"The head" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> (as stands pictured hereafter next to this)<ref name="clause-ds">Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.</ref>; or,<ref>S. "also".</ref> if he falls onto your sword against your left side, so strike him with the short edge.</p>
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<p>Item.<ref name="word-dg"/> Note, when you cut an under-cut from the right side: if he then falls with the sword onto yours so you cannot come up with it, swiftly drive over his sword with the pommel and strike him with the snapping, with the long edge to the head<ref>"The head" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> (as stands pictured hereafter next to this)<ref name="clause-ds">Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.</ref>; or,<ref>S. "also".</ref> if he falls onto your sword against your left side, so strike him with the short edge.</p>
  
 
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| Learn the traveling-after,<br/>&emsp;Doubly or slice into the weapon<ref>Alternately: defense.</ref>
 
| Learn the traveling-after,<br/>&emsp;Doubly or slice into the weapon<ref>Alternately: defense.</ref>
 
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<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is so that you shall learn the travelings-after quite well, because they are dual,<ref name="clause-r"/> and<ref name="word-d"/> the first<ref name="word-r"/> execute thusly:<ref name="word-d"/> when he wishes to cleave-in above him,<ref name="word-r"/> so note while he pulls up the sword to the strike, [and] travel-after him with einem schlag a cut or with a thrust, and hit him<ref>"And hit him" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> to the upper<ref name="word-r"/> opening before the moment<ref>"The moment" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> he descends<ref>D. ''wieder-kommen'': to meet, to encounter, to run into".</ref> with the cut, or fall with the long edge above him onto his arm and with that, press him from you.<ref>"Or fall… from you" omitted from the Rostock.</ref></p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note,<ref name="word-d"/> this is so that you shall learn the travelings-after quite well, because they are dual,<ref name="clause-r"/> and<ref name="word-d"/> the first<ref name="word-r"/> execute thusly:<ref name="word-d"/> when he wishes to cleave-in above him,<ref name="word-r"/> so note while he pulls up the sword to the strike, [and] travel-after him with a cut or with a thrust, and hit him<ref>"And hit him" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> to the upper<ref name="word-r"/> opening before the moment<ref>"The moment" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> he descends<ref>D. ''wieder-kommen'': to meet, to encounter, to run into".</ref> with the cut, or fall with the long edge above him onto his arm and with that, press him from you.<ref>"Or fall… from you" omitted from the Rostock.</ref></p>
 
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| <p>[74] {{red|b=1|Yet another traveling-after}}<ref name="line-r">Line omitted from the Rostock.</ref></p>
 
| <p>[74] {{red|b=1|Yet another traveling-after}}<ref name="line-r">Line omitted from the Rostock.</ref></p>
  
<p>Item.<ref>R. "or".</ref> When he cuts-in to you downward<ref name="word-d"/> from above, and<ref name="word-d"/> if he then<ref>"If he then" omitted from the Rostock".</ref> allows his sword to go down to the earth with the cut: so<ref name="word-d"/> travel-after him with an over-cut<ref>D. ''haw'': "cut".</ref> to the head before wenn he comes-up with the sword, so is he struck.<ref name="clause-d"/> Or if he will thrust you, note the moment he pulls the sword to him for the thrust, so travel-after him and thrust him before he completes his thrust.<ref name="sentence-r"/></p>
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<p>Item.<ref>R. "or".</ref> When he cuts-in to you downward<ref name="word-d"/> from above, and<ref name="word-d"/> if he then<ref>"If he then" omitted from the Rostock".</ref> allows his sword to go down to the earth with the cut: so<ref name="word-d"/> travel-after him with an over-cut<ref>D. ''haw'': "cut".</ref> to the head before he comes-up with the sword, so is he struck.<ref name="clause-d"/> Or if he will thrust you, note the moment he pulls the sword to him for the thrust, so travel-after him and thrust him before he completes his thrust.<ref name="sentence-r"/></p>
 
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| <p>[78] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-d"/> And<ref name="word-gs">Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Salzburg.</ref> understand it thusly:<ref>S. "the feeling work thusly".</ref> When you come to him with the onset and<ref>"You come… onset and" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> one binds another on the sword, so in that you shall feel with the hand (that is, perceive),<ref name="clause-ds"/> just as the swords spark together, whether they have bound soft or hard, and as soon as you have perceived that,<ref>S. "soft or hard".</ref> think of the word "in-the-moment"; that is, in that same swift perceiving<ref>S. "feeling.</ref> of the soft and of the hard, you shall work to the nearest opening,<ref>"To the nearest opening" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> so [he] becomes struck before he is made aware.<ref>S. '' ÿnnen''.</ref></p>
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| <p>[78] {{red|b=1|Item}}.<ref name="word-d"/> And<ref name="word-gs">Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Salzburg.</ref> understand it thusly:<ref>S. "the feeling work thusly".</ref> When you come to him with the onset and<ref>"You come… onset and" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> one binds another on the sword, so in that you shall feel with the hand (that is, perceive),<ref name="clause-ds"/> just as the swords spark together, whether they have bound soft or hard, and as soon as you have perceived that,<ref>S. "soft or hard".</ref> think of the word "in-the-moment"; that is, in that same swift perceiving<ref>S. "feeling.</ref> of the soft and of the hard, you shall work to the nearest opening,<ref>"To the nearest opening" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> so [he] becomes struck before he is made aware.</p>
 
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! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
 
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
! <p>{{rating|C|Translation (from the Dresden)}}<br/>by [[Keith Farrell]]</p>
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! <p>{{rating|B|Translation (from the Dresden)}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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| <p>[101] {{red|b=1|How one fences from the lower guards—that is to say with the sweeps.}}</p>
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| <p>[116] {{red|b=1|Here note how one shall fence with the long sword from the guard which is called the iron-gate [or] side-guard,<ref>D. ''nebenhůtten'': "side-guard"; G. '' Eysenen pfort'', "iron-gate"; P. uses both interchangeably in this section.</ref> and how one shall execute the sweeps<ref>''streichn''.</ref> from it. For there are many good plays which come from this, which many masters of the sword know nothing to speak about them.}}<ref>D. "Here note to fence from the side-guards, that is, also the sweeps"; P. "Play in the sweeping-upon".</ref></p>
 
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| <p>[102] Know that it is good to fence with sweeps. Even if they are not named in the markverses, one can use the techniques from the markverses to fence from the sweeps. And the sweeps shall be done from the left side, because from the right side they are not as safe as those from the left.</p>
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| <p>[117] Know that [there] is good fencing from the sweeps, although<ref>''wiewohl''.</ref> they are not named in the Recital. Yet the plays from the Recital arise when one fences from them. And one shall execute the sweeps from the left side, because when they are from the right they are not as certain as from the left.<ref>G. "Item. Know that one shall execute the sweeps from the iron-gate from the left side because it is not as certain from the right."</ref></p>
 
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| [[File:Paurñfeyndt 6.jpg|200px|center]]
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| <p>[118] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p">Word omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> Execute the first play thusly}}:<ref name="clause-dp">Clause omitted from the Dresden and ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> when you lay in the side-guard to your left side and someone cleaves-in to you downward from above,<ref>P. "from his right shoulder".</ref> so firmly sweep onto his sword with the short edge. If he holds<ref>''wiederhalten'': lit. "hold against"; "to withstand, resist".</ref> strongly against [it] and is not too high with the hands, double-in<ref>''einduplieren''.</ref> with the short edge (between him and his sword) on the left side to his neck.<ref name="ear-p">P. "ear".</ref></p>
 
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| <p>[103]</p>
 
 
<p>When you stand in the the Nebenhut out to the left side and one cuts against you down from above, sweep firmly from below up into his sword with the short edge. If he holds strongly against you and is not too high with the hands, double between the man and his sword with the short edge to the left of his neck.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
 
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 022v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p><br/></p>
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| <p>Wan du lei&#383;t yn der nebñ huet auf deiner linckñ &#383;eitñ / vud ainer haut auf dich ain oberhau von &#383;einer rechten axel &#383;o &#383;treich von vndñ auf va&#383;t yn &#383;ein &#383;chwert mit der kurc&#658;ñ &#383;cneid / helt er &#383;tarck wider vñ i&#383;t nit hoch mit den hendñ / &#383;o duplier c&#658;wi&#383;chñ dem man vñ &#383;einem &#383;chwert ein / mit der kurc&#658;en &#383;chneid c&#658;u &#383;einem lincken or</p>
 
 
<p>Wan du lei&#383;t yn der nebñ huet auf deiner linckñ &#383;eitñ / vud ainer haut auf dich ain oberhau von &#383;einer rechten axel &#383;o &#383;treich von vndñ auf va&#383;t yn &#383;ein &#383;chwert mit der kurc&#658;ñ &#383;cneid / helt er &#383;tarck wider vñ i&#383;t nit hoch mit den hendñ / &#383;o duplier c&#658;wi&#383;chñ dem man vñ &#383;einem &#383;chwert ein / mit der kurc&#658;en &#383;chneid c&#658;u &#383;einem lincken or</p>
 
  
 
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| <p>[104]</p>
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| <p>[119] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When one sweeps}}-on to the sword {{red|as before}},<ref>"As before" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> if he holds strongly against, so strike-around quickly<ref>"-Around quickly" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> with the thwart-cut to his left side, and double-in again<ref name="word-g"/> to his right side, between the man and the<ref>"The man and the sword" replaced by "his" in ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> sword, with the long edge on his<ref name="the-g"/> neck.<ref name="ear-p"/></p>
 
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| <p>[105] When you sweep upwards—as previously—against his sword and he is weak in the bind and has his hands low, cut him immediately with the long edge from above into the opening.</p>
+
| <p>[120] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you sweep underneath<ref name="word-d"/> onto his sword}} as before, and<ref name="word-dg"/> if he is then soft upon the sword and low with the hands,<ref>"And low with the hands" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> so cleave-in straight<ref>"-in straight" omitted from the Dresden and ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> above with the long edge to the opening at hand.<ref>"At hand" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 049v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>[106] Or if he falls powerfully with the sword on top of yours, go immediately with the pommel over his sword and remain there with the hands. Then let the point go backwards to your left side; and strike him with the short edge in the head.</p>
+
| <p>[121] {{red|Item. When you sweep onto his sword}},<ref name="clause-d"/> or<ref name="word-g"/> if he falls with the sword strongly onto yours, so drive quickly above his sword with the pommel, and remain thereupon with the hands<ref name="clause-g"/> and allow your<ref name="the-d"/> point backwards to your left side,<ref>"To your left side" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> and snap-off from the sword and strike<ref>"Off from the sword and strike" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> with the short side to the head.<ref>D. ''haüpt'', G. ''kopf''.</ref></p>
 
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| <p>[107] When you sweep against his sword, if he goes up high and winds, strike him in the right side with outstretched arms and step backwards.</p>
+
| <p>[122] {{red|Item. When you sweep}} onto his sword, if he then<ref name="word-d"/> drives high up and winds, so strike him in the right side with outstretched arms, and with that step to the back.</p>
 
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| <p>[108] When you sweep up against his sword, if he goes up and winds, bind strongly with the long edge. If he strikes round with a Zwerchau, strike him in the left side with a step backwards.</p>
+
| <p>[123] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you sweep onto his sword}}, if he drives high up and winds, so strengthen with the long edge. If he then strikes-around again<ref name="word-dg"/> with the thwart, so strike him into the left side with a step away.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|1|lbl=23r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|1|lbl=23r}}
Line 1,781: Line 1,776:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[109] When you use the weapon against the man, and he holds his sword in the Zwerch in front of him and is high with the arms and tries to fall onto your sword, sweep from below against his sword and cut him onto the arms or thrust into his chest.</p>
+
| <p>[124] {{red|Item}}.<ref name="word-p"/> When you lay in the side-guard or<ref>"You lay… guard, or" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> {{red|you execute the sweeps to the man}}, and if he then holds his sword athwart before him and is high with the arms and wishes to fall onto your sword, so sweep onto his sword below and slash him on the arm, or jab<ref>''stoß''; this could either be to stab him or hit him.</ref> him under his sword<ref>"Him under his sword" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.</ref> on the<ref name="word-p"/> chest.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|1|lbl=50v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|1|lbl=50v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Paurñfeyndt 5.jpg|200px|center]]
| <p>[110] If he is low with the hands and tries to fall on top of you, sweep through out to the other side and thrust into his chest; this is a changing-through.</p>
+
| <p>[125] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-dp">Word omitted from the Dresden and ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> If he is low with the hands}} and will fall<ref>P. ''farñ'': "drive".</ref> upon you, so sweep-through to the other side and jab him in the chest. So have [you] changed-through.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 1,797: Line 1,792:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
+
| <p>[126] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you sweep-through}}, so fall on his sword with the long edge and wind to your left side (such that your thumb comes under), and drive with the long edge upon the right side of<ref>"Side of" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.</ref> his neck with the strong, and spring with the right foot behind his left<ref>"Behind his neck" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> and move him with the sword<ref>Marginalia: The word ''schrit'' ("a step") appears over the word "sword" in the Dresden, and ''schret'' ("a step or make a step") appears under.</ref> thereover.</p>
| <p>[111] When you sweep through, fall with the long edge onto his sword and wind out to the left side, so that your thumb comes under. And go with the strong of the long edge against the right side of his neck, and spring with the right foot behind his left, and push him over it with the step.</p>
 
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 1,806: Line 1,800:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[112] When you change-through from the sweeps and come to the other side onto his sword, you can perform the techniques well—as before from both sides—with fast and easy strikes and all other things.</p>
+
| <p>[127] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you change-through from the sweeps}} and arrive on the other side on top<ref>''obenauf''.</ref> of his sword, you may execute the play just as well as before to the other<ref>D. "opposite".</ref> side, with harassing-strikes and with all things as before (to all sides).<ref>"As before (to all sides)" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051r.png|1|lbl=51r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 050v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051r.png|1|lbl=51r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[113] {{red|b=1|A Zufechten from the setting-aside.}}</p>
+
| <p>[128] {{red|b=1|Note an onset from the setting-aside}}</p>
  
<p>When you fence with someone and when you come close to him, you should stand in the Plough [Pflug]; and then use windings deftly from one side to the other so that you are always keeping your point in the one place. And from this you can use the parries, it is the distance; and furthermore you can become stronger with the true edge and from there use all aforementioned techniques. You can also set aside cuts and thrusts and counter them simply with windings and seek the opening with the point.</p>
+
<p>{{red|Item.<ref name="word-gp">Word omitted from the Glasgow and ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> When you fence with someone and when you come closing in to him}}, so approach in the plow, and drive it swiftly with winding from one side to the other and such that your point always<ref name="word-dg"/> stands still in front,<ref>"In front" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> and from that you may execute the parries;<ref>Alternately: "parrying(s)".</ref> this is the boat,<ref>''næhe'': "a boat without mast nor deck".</ref> and into that you may strengthen with the long edge, and from that execute all the afore-named plays. You may also set-aside cuts and thrusts, and break them simply with winding, and seek the openings with the point.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|1|lbl=51v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|1|lbl=51v|p=1}}
Line 1,827: Line 1,821:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| [[File:Paurñfeyndt 14.jpg|200px|center]]
| <p>[114] {{red|b=1|Do the Schrankhut like this:}}</p>
+
| <p>[129] {{red|b=1|The barrier-guard,<ref>P. "side-guard".</ref> make it thusly:}}</p>
  
<p>When you fence with someone and come close to him, stand with the left foot forwards and put your sword with the point towards the ground on your right side, so that the true edge is upwards; and from the left side the false edge downwards and the right foot forwards.</p>
+
<p>{{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you fence with someone and come closing into him}}, so stand with the left foot forward and lay the sword with the point upon the ground to your right side and<ref name="word-p"/> such that the long edge is above; and from the left side, the short edge below<ref name="word-g"/> and the right<ref name="word-d"/> foot stands<ref name="word-g"/> forward.<ref>"And from… stands forward" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> This goes to both sides.<ref name="sentence-dg">Sentence omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|1|lbl=23v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|1|lbl=23v}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[115] {{red|b=1|Use these techniques from the Schrankhut:}}</p>
+
| <p>[130] {{red|b=1|This play executes from the barrier-guard<ref>P. "side-guard".</ref> thusly:}}</p>
  
<p>If someone cuts at you from above or up from below, strike at him with the Krumphau to the opening with a step away.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-p"/> If one cuts above to you or from under up (or wherever it otherwise is),<ref name="clause-dg">Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> so cleave-in to him crooked into the opening with a step-out.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Stuck au&#383; der Nebñ hut'''</p>
+
| <p>'''Stuck au&#383; der Nebñ hut'''<br/><br/></p>
  
 
<p>Haut dir ainer obñ c&#658;u / oder &#383;un&#383;t wo e&#383;&#658; &#383;ey / &#383;o haw du ym krump ein &#658;u der ple&#383;&#658; mit ainẽ au&#383;&#658; trit</p>
 
<p>Haut dir ainer obñ c&#658;u / oder &#383;un&#383;t wo e&#383;&#658; &#383;ey / &#383;o haw du ym krump ein &#658;u der ple&#383;&#658; mit ainẽ au&#383;&#658; trit</p>
Line 1,852: Line 1,846:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[116] Or strike a Krumphau at him with the at of the blade and as soon as the swords come together, seek the nearest opening with the false edge.</p>
+
| <p>[131] Item. Or cut him crooked to the flats and as soon as it sparks, seek the boat<ref>See ''næhe'' above. It is not "the ''nach''" (after) because ''nach'' is neuter and would be ''das nach''. G. also writes ''die neche''.</ref> with the short edge.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052r.png|1|lbl=52r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 051v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052r.png|1|lbl=52r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[117] Or use the turner with the point towards his face. And when he binds against you, become strong with the long edge. And you can use all techniques which were earlier named in the sweeps.</p>
+
| <p>[132] Item.<ref name="word-p"/> Or execute the inverter into his face with the point, and when he binds-on to you, so strengthen with the long edge and [you] may execute any plays which are afore named in the striking.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 023v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 1,869: Line 1,863:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[118] {{red|b=1|That which is called "the little wheel".}}</p>
+
| <p>[133] {{red|b=1|This is called the little-wheel}}</p>
  
<p>When you fence with someone, stretch out your arms far in front of you so that your thumb is above the sword, and turn the sword deftly in front of you with the point going round precisely like a wheel from below out to your left side; and go in this manner against the man. And from there you can change through out to whichever side you would like or bind with him. And when you have bound you can use whatever technique you want—that which you believe will be best—as before.</p>
+
<p>{{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you fence with another, so stretch your arm from you long}} and such that your thumb remains upon the sword above, and wind the sword<ref name="word-g"/> around with the point in front of you, just like a little-wheel; with that you may execute<ref name="clause-dg"/> from below swiftly to your left side and with that<ref>"With that" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> go to the man, and from that you may change-through or bind-on to whichever side you wish, and when you have bound-upon, you may execute whatever play you wish that you think best,<ref>P. "convenient".</ref> as before.<ref name="clause-g"/><ref>P. "then escape afterwards".</ref></p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052v.png|1|lbl=52v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052v.png|1|lbl=52v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[119] {{red|b=1|Counter the Zwerchau like this.}}</p>
+
| <p>[134] {{red|b=1|Also break the thwart}}</p>
  
<p>When you stand in the guard Vom Tag and someone cuts against you with the Zwerchau, so immediately strike a Zornhau with the strong on top of his sword, and seek the opening with the point. And if he tries to strike round with the Zwerchau to the other side, come to him with the Zwerchau under his sword to his neck, or slice with the long edge into the arm, when he strikes round.</p>
+
<p>{{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> When you stand in the<ref name="word-d"/> guard from-the-roof and one}} cuts {{red|you}} with the thwart, simultaneously cleave-in to him with the wrath-cut, and bind on<ref>"Bind on" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> his sword with strength, and seek the openings with the point;<ref name="clause-p">Clause omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> and if he then<ref name="word-p"/> wishes to strike-around it to the other side<ref>"To the other side" omitted from ''Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey''.</ref> with the thwart, so come before with the thwart under his sword to his neck, or slice him with the long edge into the arm when he strikes-around.<ref>P. "So thwart in before to his neck".</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 052v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,891: Line 1,885:
 
| <p>'''Twer Hew prechñ'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Twer Hew prechñ'''</p>
  
<p>Wan du &#383;te&#383;t in der hut vom tag / vñ ainer auf dich haut mit der twer / &#383;o haw den &#658;orñhaw gleich mit ym ein vnd pindt ym &#383;tarck mitten auff &#383;ein &#383;chwerdt vñ wil er vm&#383;chlahñ mit der twer / &#383;o twer ym vorñ c&#658;u &#383;einẽ hal&#383;&#658; /</p>
+
<p>Wan du &#383;te&#383;t in der hut vom tag / vñ ainer auf dich haut mit der twer / &#383;o haw den &#658;orñhaw gleich mit ym ein vnd pindt ym &#383;tarck mitten auff &#383;ein &#383;chwerdt vñ wil er vm&#383;chlahñ mit der twer / &#383;o twer ym vorñ c&#658;u &#383;einẽ hal&#383;&#658; / auch mag&#383;tu alle &#383;tuck treibñ als in dem &#383;treichñ</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| [[File:Paurñfeyndt 15.jpg|200px|center]]
| <p>[120] {{red|b=1|A counter against the counter.}}</p>
+
| <p>[135] {{red|b=1|A break against the break}}</p>
  
<p>When you Zwerchau and someone wants to come to you with a Zwerchau under your sword to your neck, fall powerfully down onto him with the long edge on top of his sword, and thus you will counter it. Take the nearest opening that you can.</p>
+
<p>Item.<ref name="word-dg"/> {{red|Note}},<ref name="word-d"/> when you thwart, and one wishes to also come before ahead with the thwart under your sword on the neck, so fall-down<ref name="word-gp"/> in-the-moment<ref name="word-d"/> with the long edge strongly onto his sword, thus is it broken. And<ref name="word-d"/> take the nearest opening which may appear to you.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053r.png|1|lbl=53r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053r.png|1|lbl=53r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 1,907: Line 1,901:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[121] {{red|b=1|Against the slice from below to the arms.}}</p>
+
| <p>[136] {{red|b=1|Against the slice below into the arms<ref>P. "From the wrath-cut".</ref>}}</p>
  
<p>When you strike against someone and he parries it and goes up with the hilt, and you do likewise, and you both rush in close together, you should do the under-slice. And if he tries to do the under-slice under your hands into the arm, follow after his sword downwards with the long edge and push down, so that you have countered it. And seek the opening.</p>
+
<p>{{red|Item}}.<ref name="word-p"/> When you fence someone and if [you]<ref>"Fence someone and if [you]" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> cleave-in to him with the wrath-cut (or otherwise)<ref>"With the wrath-cut or otherwise" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> from above downward,<ref name="word-dg"/> and he parries it and drives high with the hilt,<ref>P. "arms".</ref> and you as well,<ref name="clause-p"/> and [you] both<ref name="word-dg"/> run-in with each other, so take the under-slice; and if he is then so prudent and wishes to take<ref>D., G. "will take".</ref> the under-slice to you, under your hands into the arms, follow-after underneath his sword with the long edge and press down; thus you have broken it, and seek the openings.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053v.png|1|lbl=53v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053v.png|1|lbl=53v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[122] {{red|But when you come high with the arms, and he does the same,}} and you both rush in; and if he tries then to stab you to the chest or under the eyes with the pommel through the arms under your hands, go powerfully downwards with the pommel with the arms, so you have countered that.</p>
+
| <p>[137] {{red|Item.<ref name="word-p"/> But when you come high with the arms, and if he also goes}} thusly and again runs-in, and if he will then jab with the pommel [either] through the arms, under your hands, under the eyes, or on the chest, then drive below with the pommel strongly with the arms, and move into him<ref>Sic, lit. "you".</ref> and strike him with your sword upon his head;<ref>"And move… his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref>; thus you have broken it.<ref name="clause-p"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 024r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[123] {{red|When you have bound with someone, and he changes}} through the pommel and adopts the halfsword; this you counter simply with the upperslice. And in the slice you can come into the halfsword and attack him.</p>
+
| <p>[138] {{red|Item. When you have bound-upon with someone and if he}} changes-through with the pommel and falls with the half-sword, this breaks simply with the over-slice; and in the slice,<ref name="clause-g"/> you may fall into the half sword and set-upon him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 054r.png|1|lbl=54r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 053v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 054r.png|1|lbl=54r|p=1}}

Revision as of 00:17, 4 July 2015

Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck
Born date of birth unknown
Died before 1470
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality German
Patron Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Movement Society of Liechtenauer
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2001
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck (Sigmund ain Ringeck, Sigmund Amring, Sigmund Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 14th or 15th century German fencing master. While the meaning of the surname "Schining" is uncertain, the suffix "ein Ringeck" may indicate that he came from the Rhineland region of south-eastern Germany. He is named in the text as Schirmaister[1] to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. Other than this, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that his renown as a master was sufficient for Paulus Kal to include him on his memorial to the deceased masters of the Society of Liechtenauer in 1470.[2]

The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht held the title during the fifteenth century. If it is Albrecht I, who reigned from 1353 to 1404, this would signify that Ringeck was likely a direct associate or student of the grand master Johannes Liechtenauer. However, it may just as easily have been Albrecht III, who carried the title from 1438 to 1460, making Ringeck potentially a second-generation master carrying on the tradition.[3] Albrecht IV claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this seems somewhat less likely in light of Ringeck's apparent death within that same decade, meaning the master would have had to have penned his treatise in the final few years of his life. In its favor, however, is the fact that Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so both the Dresden and Glasgow versions of the text were likely created during his reign.

Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the MS Dresd.C.487. While Ringeck was the author of one of the core texts, a complete gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on unarmored longsword fencing, and perhaps also the anonymous glosses of his armored and mounted fencing, the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition (not just Ringeck), and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century[4] (well after the master's lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he authored one of the few glosses of Liechtenauer's verse makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the 15th century.

While it was not duplicated nearly as often as the more famous gloss of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, Ringeck's work nevertheless seems to have had a lasting influence. Not only was it reproduced by Joachim Meÿer in his final manuscript (left unifinished at his death in 1571), but in 1539 Hans Medel von Salzburg took it upon himself to create an update and revision of Ringeck's Bloßfechten gloss, integrating his own commentary in many places.

Stemma

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
  • Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
  • Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4

References

  1. For possible meanings of this term, see Jens P. Kleinau. "Schirrmeister, Schermeister, Schirmmeister". Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau, 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  2. The Society of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  3. Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
  4. Werner J. Hoffmann. "Mscr.Dresd.C.487: Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre". Tiefenerschließung und Digitalisierung der deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  5. The phrase "and pictured" is omitted from the Dresden.
  6. Corrected from »am«.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Line omitted from the Dresden.
  8. darhauen: To chop down, to fell.
  9. Lit: cut the cuts.
  10. D. Zeck: Tick; R. Zeckruhr: Insect bites.
  11. Possibly "strongly desire to execute".
  12. 12.0 12.1 "Note, this is" omitted from the Dresden.
  13. "You shall" omitted from the Rostock.
  14. Lit: "Before the moment he comes with his to you".
  15. wiederhalten: lit. "hold against"; to withstand, resist.
  16. Alternately: weapons.
  17. D. Wer dz wäre: "Whoever defends these".
  18. Alternately: avow, legally promise.
  19. Possibly "wages".
  20. 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 20.17 20.18 20.19 20.20 20.21 20.22 20.23 20.24 20.25 20.26 20.27 20.28 20.29 20.30 20.31 20.32 20.33 20.34 20.35 20.36 20.37 20.38 20.39 20.40 20.41 20.42 20.43 20.44 20.45 20.46 20.47 20.48 20.49 20.50 20.51 20.52 20.53 20.54 20.55 20.56 20.57 20.58 20.59 20.60 Word omitted from the Dresden.
  21. Lit: "cut other cuts".
  22. "In the same five cuts" omitted from the Rostock.
  23. ober is an adjective, oben is an adverb.
  24. R. "the".
  25. 25.00 25.01 25.02 25.03 25.04 25.05 25.06 25.07 25.08 25.09 25.10 25.11 25.12 25.13 25.14 25.15 25.16 25.17 25.18 25.19 25.20 25.21 25.22 25.23 25.24 25.25 25.26 25.27 25.28 25.29 25.30 25.31 25.32 25.33 25.34 25.35 25.36 25.37 25.38 25.39 25.40 25.41 25.42 25.43 25.44 25.45 Clause omitted from the Dresden.
  26. 26.0 26.1 "This is" omitted from the Dresden.
  27. abrucken: "removere" (remove), "absetzen" (set-aside).
  28. D. wider[sic]: "again".
  29. 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 D. "the".
  30. D. bind: "bind-in".
  31. R. Jun ger [sic].
  32. R. dem krieg: "the war".
  33. D. hurten: "to rush".
  34. "the cut, or thrust, or slice" omitted from the Dresden.
  35. "nor thrust… slice" omitted from the Rostock.
  36. 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 Sentence omitted from the Rostock.
  37. 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 37.5 37.6 37.7 37.8 Word omitted from the Rostock.
  38. Alternately: ponder, weigh, calculate, estimate, consider.
  39. Alternately: avenge, take full legal retribution.
  40. Alternately: straight, upright, properly.
  41. D. schüczen, R. behuetẽ.
  42. Rostock cuts off at this point and picks up in the middle of the sixth subsequent play, probably indicating a missing page.
  43. Alternately: part, piece.
  44. aufkrummen: Lat. sursum torquere, twist, turn or bend up; twist, turn, bend, or cast back; avert, deflect .
  45. 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  46. Sic, lit. "your".
  47. "the opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  48. S. "the over- or under-cut".
  49. Possibly "it".
  50. S. vß gestreckten: "outstretched".
  51. Sentence omitted from the Salzburg; instead, it nonsensically concludes with the final few lines of the pPvD gloss: wol vff die rechte~ site~ vnd schlag in mit der langen schnide~ vß gekrutzten armen vber sin hende ~, "well on your right side and strike-in with the long edge from crossed arms over his hands".
  52. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 18v-19r
  53. Likely a scribal error here, omitting a verb.
  54. Rostock begins again at this point.
  55. "Cut" omitted from the Dresden.
  56. D. "above"
  57. S. "so".
  58. "When you… well, and" omitted from the Rostock and the Salzburg.
  59. Clause omitted from the Dresden; this seems to be an abbreviated explanation of the previous play, which is skipped entirely in the Rostock.
  60. R., S. "the crooked-cut".
  61. D. "you".
  62. R., S. "to".
  63. D. "Gloss"; clause omitted from the Salzburg.
  64. S. "guard himself".
  65. "Komp" added below the line in a different hand.
  66. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 20v-21r
  67. "Stand with… shoulder, and" omitted from the Dresden.
  68. D. "thwart".
  69. 69.0 69.1 Alternately, wiederhalten: to struggle or resist.
  70. Word omitted from the Glasgow, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  71. "Or otherwise" omitted from the Salzburg.
  72. "-cut" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.
  73. Clause omitted from the Dresden; struck out in the Rostock.
  74. 74.0 74.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.
  75. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 21v
  76. R. "wind".
  77. "with the over-cut" omitted from the Glasgow.
  78. R. unternn: "lower".
  79. "Next to" omitted from the Rostock.
  80. Glasgow adds albeg: "always, continually".
  81. Or "connects"; alternately: rouses, stirs (ostensibly your opponent).
  82. "This is" omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  83. G. twerhaw: "thwart-cut".
  84. R. "wind".
  85. "Or left" omitted from the Glasgow.
  86. Everything from "and steal away" to the end of the sentence is omitted from the Dresden.
  87. Alternately: to turn around.
  88. "And strike in" omitted from the Dresden.
  89. D. "is".
  90. 90.0 90.1 D. "right".
  91. D. mit auß: "with from".
  92. As a thief would break into a house.
  93. 93.0 93.1 93.2 93.3 Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  94. 94.0 94.1 Word omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.
  95. annehmen: receive, accept, take up, assume, claim, obtain, etc.
  96. "Upright, elevated, straight, at a right angle"; Glasgow gives auff gerackten, which may be a misspelling of pPvD's aus gestrackten, "out-stretched".
  97. "With up-right arms" omitted from the Rostock.
  98. 98.00 98.01 98.02 98.03 98.04 98.05 98.06 98.07 98.08 98.09 98.10 98.11 98.12 98.13 98.14 98.15 98.16 98.17 98.18 98.19 98.20 98.21 98.22 98.23 98.24 98.25 98.26 98.27 98.28 Word omitted from the Glasgow.
  99. Corrected from »seiner«.
  100. S. bestetigstu: "to plant".
  101. G. abent: "evening", clearly an error; Medel: anwinden: "winding-upon".
  102. 102.00 102.01 102.02 102.03 102.04 102.05 102.06 102.07 102.08 102.09 102.10 Word omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  103. "To his point" omitted from the Rostock.
  104. "To his point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  105. R. includes couplet 64 with this gloss.
  106. R. denn Schaytler: "the parter".
  107. 107.0 107.1 107.2 107.3 Clause omitted from the Rostock.
  108. D. der lange: "long, high, tall, or lofty".
  109. "To his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  110. "If he parries" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  111. einhangen: to adhere, stick to, cleave to, hold on to, engage deeply.
  112. "With the long… and thrust him" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  113. Kehr has two etymologies: one is "to turn", the other is "to sweep away" or to "carry off"; the gloss supports the first derivation.
  114. Alternately: strongly, firmly, steadfastly.
  115. R. includes this couplet with the previous gloss.
  116. G., R., S. "Item".
  117. D. "hang-in"; "strike-in and" omitted.
  118. "the point" omitted from the Salzburg".
  119. Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  120. D., G., R. "you".
  121. D., G., S. "the".
  122. "In the parrying" omitted from the Salzburg and the Rostock.
  123. "Of the parter" omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  124. S. fast vber sich: "firmly upward".
  125. Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  126. "His hands" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  127. R. "here".
  128. 128.0 128.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 28v
  129. Rostock combines the glosses for couplets 65-67 into a single paragraph; they have been separated here according to their presentation in Dresden and Glasgow.
  130. D., G. Schon, lit. "already", "yet".
  131. D. stuch, R. stich: "press the thrust".
  132. Word omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  133. 133.0 133.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  134. S. "well broken".
  135. "From the under-slice" omitted from the Salzburg.
  136. "And wind your sword… withdraw yourself" omitted from the Rostock.
  137. imperative of fliehen.
  138. "Note, this" omitted from the Dresden.
  139. "Will be" omitted from the Glasgow.
  140. 140.0 140.1 140.2 140.3 "Is called" omitted from the Dresden
  141. "with the hilt" omitted from the Dresden.
  142. G. auß gestrackten: "upstretched".
  143. "It all" omitted from the Dresden.
  144. "In this book" omitted from the Glasgow.
  145. G. "Guard yourself parrying crossed in front".
  146. D. instead continues "that the four parryings, they are the four cuts".
  147. Setzen", possibly a shortening of versetzen, "parries".
  148. D. "oxen".
  149. R. "When".
  150. "As it arrives… So note" omitted from the Rostock.
  151. G. versetzte: "parried".
  152. 152.0 152.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 31r
  153. "The head" omitted from the Salzburg.
  154. 154.0 154.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.
  155. S. "also".
  156. G. mit dem schwert: "with the sword".
  157. D. "grasp with the sword".
  158. G. magst: "may".
  159. 159.0 159.1 159.2 G. "the".
  160. Alternately: defense.
  161. "And hit him" omitted from the Rostock.
  162. "The moment" omitted from the Dresden.
  163. D. wieder-kommen: to meet, to encounter, to run into".
  164. "Or fall… from you" omitted from the Rostock.
  165. Corrected from »dem«.
  166. Line omitted from the Rostock.
  167. R. "or".
  168. "If he then" omitted from the Rostock".
  169. D. haw: "cut".
  170. geim: "watchfully, to observe, cautiously, with foresight".
  171. Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Salzburg.
  172. S. "the feeling work thusly".
  173. "You come… onset and" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  174. S. "soft or hard".
  175. S. "feeling.
  176. "To the nearest opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  177. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 33v
  178. Word omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.
  179. mitmachen: "join, unite, combine, participate".
  180. D. blitzscht: "flashes".
  181. D. "Item".
  182. G. "note".
  183. Schier has the sense of approaching quickly and closely.
  184. Zucken has the connotation of pulling something hard or quickly, like yanking or snatching; there is an essence of agitation in the pull.
  185. "On the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  186. Beginning of sentence in Glasgow reads "and work swiftly with the doubling.
  187. D. "(and with other plays)".
  188. 188.0 188.1 Sentence omitted from the Dresden.
  189. 189.0 189.1 R. "hang down behind you".
  190. G. "next to this".
  191. R. "when in the running-in he also drives-up with the arms".
  192. Corrected from »dim«.
  193. Line omitted from the Glasgow.
  194. D. "left hand inverted".
  195. 195.0 195.1 D. "your".
  196. "With an inverted hand" omitted from the Dresden.
  197. 197.0 197.1 G. "his".
  198. "Thus you" omitted from the Glasgow.
  199. Corrected from »rechtem«.
  200. Corrected from »sinem«.
  201. D. "One other wrestling at the sword".
  202. 202.0 202.1 202.2 202.3 Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  203. Sentence omitted from the Glasgow.
  204. D. "A sword taking".
  205. Read: "attacks".
  206. "With strength" omitted from the Glasgow.
  207. 207.0 207.1 G. far: "drive".
  208. D. "Yet another slice".
  209. "He then" omitted from the Dresden.
  210. "And press… pictured here" omitted from the Dresden.
  211. G. "your".
  212. "With that" omitted from the Dresden.
  213. "With the slice" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  214. Clause omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  215. Remainder of fragments from Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82), ff 13r-14v
  216. "With him" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  217. "Or test" omitted from the Dresden.
  218. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.
  219. sach: thing, or disagreement, contention, dispute, or the thing underlying the disagreement, contention or dispute.
  220. 220.0 220.1 220.2 220.3 220.4 220.5 220.6 Word omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  221. A. "and".
  222. 222.0 222.1 222.2 222.3 222.4 222.5 Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.
  223. The word »es« is almost illegible.
  224. 224.0 224.1 224.2 224.3 224.4 224.5 Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  225. nachbinden: "attach to the end or behind something".
  226. "With the long edge" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  227. "From the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  228. "With the point" omitted from the Dresden.
  229. D. "or"; word omitted from the Augsburg.
  230. abziechen.
  231. D. Mörck Ee: "Note, before".
  232. "Too closely" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  233. "When he… the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  234. A., D. "the".
  235. D. "cuts from above to below".
  236. Corrected from »ausgerattñ«.
  237. D. "to the other side to the opening".
  238. "Your sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  239. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  240. "Art of" omitted from the Dresden.
  241. A., D. "shortened for you to understand".
  242. "Quite well" omitted from the Augsburg.
  243. Dresden reverses these.
  244. "Also so that… play" omitted from the Dresden.
  245. wägen: "to have weight, to lay on a scale, to estimate"; it has a bunch of other senses that are provocative to the action at hand, such as: "to poise, balance, to stir up or agitate, to incite a response", but there's not enough in the text to make it a defensible choice.
  246. "And properly estimate" omitted from the Dresden.
  247. "The sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  248. D. "understand".
  249. "With strength" omitted from the Dresden.
  250. "And thrust" omitted from the Dresden.
  251. "Of the" omitted from the Glasgow.
  252. "-In the point above" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  253. A. "over-windings-upon".
  254. A. "and".
  255. D. "and"; omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  256. "And shall" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  257. "You step towards" omitted from the Dresden.
  258. D. "wounder".
  259. D. nebenhůtten: "side-guard"; G. Eysenen pfort, "iron-gate"; P. uses both interchangeably in this section.
  260. streichn.
  261. D. "Here note to fence from the side-guards, that is, also the sweeps"; P. "Play in the sweeping-upon".
  262. wiewohl.
  263. G. "Item. Know that one shall execute the sweeps from the iron-gate from the left side because it is not as certain from the right."
  264. 264.00 264.01 264.02 264.03 264.04 264.05 264.06 264.07 264.08 264.09 264.10 264.11 264.12 264.13 264.14 264.15 264.16 Word omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  265. Clause omitted from the Dresden and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  266. P. "from his right shoulder".
  267. wiederhalten: lit. "hold against"; "to withstand, resist".
  268. einduplieren.
  269. 269.0 269.1 P. "ear".
  270. "As before" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  271. "-Around quickly" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  272. "The man and the sword" replaced by "his" in Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  273. "And low with the hands" omitted from the Glasgow.
  274. "-in straight" omitted from the Dresden and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  275. "At hand" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  276. "To your left side" omitted from the Glasgow.
  277. "Off from the sword and strike" omitted from the Dresden.
  278. D. haüpt, G. kopf.
  279. "You lay… guard, or" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  280. stoß; this could either be to stab him or hit him.
  281. "Him under his sword" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.
  282. Word omitted from the Dresden and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  283. P. farñ: "drive".
  284. "Side of" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.
  285. "Behind his neck" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  286. Marginalia: The word schrit ("a step") appears over the word "sword" in the Dresden, and schret ("a step or make a step") appears under.
  287. obenauf.
  288. D. "opposite".
  289. "As before (to all sides)" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  290. 290.0 290.1 Word omitted from the Glasgow and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  291. "In front" omitted from the Dresden.
  292. Alternately: "parrying(s)".
  293. næhe: "a boat without mast nor deck".
  294. Corrected from »dem«.
  295. Corrected from »dim«.
  296. P. "side-guard".
  297. "And from… stands forward" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  298. Sentence omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  299. P. "side-guard".
  300. 300.0 300.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  301. See næhe above. It is not "the nach" (after) because nach is neuter and would be das nach. G. also writes die neche.
  302. "With that" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  303. P. "convenient".
  304. P. "then escape afterwards".
  305. "Bind on" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  306. 306.0 306.1 306.2 Clause omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  307. "To the other side" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  308. P. "So thwart in before to his neck".
  309. P. "From the wrath-cut".
  310. "Fence someone and if [you]" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  311. "With the wrath-cut or otherwise" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  312. P. "arms".
  313. D., G. "will take".
  314. Sic, lit. "you".
  315. "And move… his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  316. Corrected from »dinem«.
  317. The text ends here abruptly, in the middle of a play. Since the page isn't full, it's unclear why the scribe stopped at this point. The subsequent folia come from earlier in the manuscript; they were removed and then added back in at the end.