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! <p>[[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Dresden Transcription (Mair)]] (1542){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MS Dresd.C.93)}}<br/>by [[Pierre-Henry Bas]]</p>
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Dresden (Mair) Transcription]] (1542){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MS Dresd.C.93)}}<br/>by [[Pierre-Henry Bas]]</p>
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Transcription (Mair German)]] (1550s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825)}}<br/>by [[Anton Kohutovič]]</p>
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna (Mair) German Transcription]] (1550s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825)}}<br/>by [[Anton Kohutovič]]</p>
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Transcription (Mair Latin)]] (1550s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825)}}<br/></p>
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna (Mair) Latin Transcription]] (1550s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825)}}<br/></p>
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich Transcription (Mair)]] (1540s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393 I)}}<br/>by [[Saskia Roselaar]]</p>
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich (Mair) Transcription]] (1540s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393 I)}}<br/>by [[Saskia Roselaar]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)|Munich Transcription]] (1556){{edit index|Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)}}<br/></p>
 
! <p>[[Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)|Munich Transcription]] (1556){{edit index|Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)}}<br/></p>
 
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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| {{red|Without any fear,<br/>Without confusion for how he acts.}}
 
| {{red|Without any fear,<br/>Without confusion for how he acts.}}
 
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<p>That is when you come to the man with the pre-fencing, if you will then wisely fence, then you shall namely not hew in  to the sword, since you should aim for the Four Openings. These are the right side, the other the left, of the half over the girdle of the man. The other two openings, these are the left and the right side of the under half of the girdle.<ref>"of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of ''der gürttell''.</ref> You take the same openings before and hew then boldly to, and regard not what he fences against you. If he then parries, then work in the parrying quickly to the next opening. Thus wait out the body and not the sword, etc.<ref>The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]], and is therefore omitted here.</ref></p>
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<p>That is when you come to the man with the pre-fencing, if you will then wisely fence, then you shall namely not hew in  to the sword, since you should aim for the Four Openings. These are the right side, the other the left, of the half over the girdle of the man. The other two openings, these are the left and the right side of the under half of the girdle.<ref>"of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of ''der gürttell''.</ref> You take the same openings before and hew then boldly to, and regard not what he fences against you. If he then parries, then work in the parrying quickly to the next opening. Thus wait out the body and not the sword, etc.<ref name="Ringeck">The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]], and is therefore omitted here.</ref></p>
 
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| <p>[36]</p>
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| <small>42</small>
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| {{red|Crooked on nimbly,<br/>Throw the point on the hands.}}
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| <small>43</small>
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| {{red|Who well sets Crooked<br/>With steps injures many hews.}}
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<p>Know the Crooked-hew is one of the Four Preemptions against the Four Guards. When therewith one Wars the Ox and also the Over and the Under-hew, then drive this: When you come to him with the the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you and holds his sword before the head in the guard of the Ox on his left side, then set your left foot before and hold your sword on the right shoulder in the guard, and from the guard, spring with the right foot well on the right side, and strike him with the long edge with crossed arms over his hands, etc.<ref>Here Salburg combines the Jud Lew text with additional description from [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]] describing how the Crooked-hew is used as a counter-cut.</ref></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 013v.jpg|1|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 014r.jpg|1|lbl=14r|p=1}}
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<p>Item, you shall also drive the Crooked-hew from the Barrier-guard from both sides, and position yourself in the guard thus: when you come to the man with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot before and hold your sword with the point near your right side on the earth so that the long edge on the sword is turned above, and thus you give an opening with the left side. If he then hews above to your opening, then spring from the hew with the right foot well on the right side against him, and thrust the pommel of your sword under your right arm with the left hand, and strike him with crossed hands with the long edge with the point in his hands, etc.</p>
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| <p>[38] Item, position yourself thus with the Barrier-guard to your left side. When you come to the man with the pre-fencing, then set the right foot forward and hold your sword with the point near your left side on the earth with crossed hands, so that the short edge on the sword is above, and give an opening with the right side. If he hews you then to the opening, then step with the left foot well from the hew on your left side and strike him with the step with the short edge over his hands, etc.</p>
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| <small>44</small>
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| {{red|Hew Crooked to the flat,<br/>The masters will you weaken.}}
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| <small>45</small>
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| {{red|When it clashes above,<br/>Then stand off, that will I praise.}}
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<p>Mark, this technique you shall drive against the masters from the bind of the swords, and mark that thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then lay your sword to your right side in the Barrier-guard, or hold it on your nearest shoulder. If he then hews above to your opening, then hew strongly with crossed arms with the long edge against his hew, and as quickly as the swords clash together, then Wind Meanwhile with the sword against your left side and drive up with the arms and stab in to the upper opening. Or, if you will not stab him, then mark as quickly as it clashes, then hew him Meanwhile with the short edge to the head and to the body, etc.</p>
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| {{red|Crooked not, hew short.<br/>Changing-through therewith show.}}
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<p>That is a counter against the guard of the Ox, drive it thus: When you go to the man with the pre-fencing, if he then stands in the guard and holds his sword on his left side before the head, then throw your sword in your right shoulder and do as if you will bind on his sword with the Crooked-hew, and hew short and change through below therewith, and shoot the point long in to the other side to the opening, so he must parry. Therewith you come to strikes and to other work with the sword. Also, you may make this technique when he hews to with an Over-hew from his right shoulder.<ref>Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.</ref></p>
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| <p>[41]</p>
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| <small>47</small>
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| {{red|Who errs you Crooked,<br/>The Noble War strays him,}}
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| <small>48</small>
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| {{red|That he does not know truthfully<br/>Where he is without danger.}}
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<p>Mark, when you drive the Crooked-hew, then you must always give an opening therewith, and that means thus: When you hew in with the Crooked-hew from your right side, or bind on his sword, meanwhile you are open with the left side. If he is then thus clever and will hew you from the sword to the opening, and will you make him astray with agility, then remain with your sword on his, and follow after his hew thereon, and Wind in the point Meanwhile to the face, and work in further with the War to the openings, so he truthfully does not know on whatever end he should protect himself before your hews or stabs.<ref name="Ringeck"/></p>
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Revision as of 02:55, 1 July 2016

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

Caution: Scribes at Work

This article is in the process of updates, expansion, or major restructuring. Please forgive any broken features or formatting errors while these changes are underway. To help avoid edit conflicts, please do not edit this page while this message is displayed. Stay tuned for the announcement of the revised content!

This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 02:55, 1 July 2016 (UTC). (Update)

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.

Treatises

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, but do appear in Ringeck (and constitute almost 10% of that gloss); this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome,[2] while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, consisting solely of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B) which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version (included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work, though Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this copy is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents much more closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were originally presented in a single concordance on the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig page, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved here to Jud Lew's page, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the page of Pseudo-Danzig. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it has been omitted for the present.

Temporary break

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. ↑ Zabinski, pp 82-83
  3. ↑ sic : nahent
  4. ↑ sic : rechten
  5. ↑ sic : lonen
  6. ↑ "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  8. ↑ Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  9. ↑ "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  10. ↑ Word omitted in the Augsburg.
  11. ↑ "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  12. ↑ Here Salburg combines the Jud Lew text with additional description from Sigmund ain Ringeck describing how the Crooked-hew is used as a counter-cut.
  13. ↑ Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.


Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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