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Difference between revisions of "Lew"

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| {{red|Squint to the upper<br/>Head, if you will ruin the hands.}}
 
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<p>Item, when he stands against you in the Longpoint, if you will then strike over his hands, then squint in to his face and to his head and do as you will strike him thereupon, and strike him then with the Squinter with the point on his hands, etc.<ref>After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.</ref></p>
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<p>Item, when he stands against you in the Longpoint, if you will then strike over his hands, then squint in to his face and to his head and do as you will strike him thereupon, and strike him then with the Squinter with the point on his hands, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[68]</p>
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| <p>[68]<ref>After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.</ref></p>
 
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| <p>[70] Item, drive the Parter thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he lies then in the guard Fool, then set the left foot forward and hold your sword with outstretched arms high over your head in the guard From the Tag, and spring to him with the right foot, and hew with the long edge strongly down from above, and remain high with the arms and sink in the point below you to his face or breast. If he then parries with the Crown, thus that the point and the one hilt on his sword both stand over him, and drives up therewith and thrusts your point over you, then turn your sword under through his Crown with the edge in his arm, and Press so the Crown is again broken, and with the Pressing take the edge and therewith pull yourself off.<ref name="Ringeck"/></p>
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| <p>[70] Item, drive the Parter thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he lies then in the guard Fool, then set the left foot forward and hold your sword with outstretched arms high over your head in the guard From the Tag, and spring to him with the right foot, and hew with the long edge strongly down from above, and remain high with the arms and sink in the point below you to his face or breast. If he then parries with the Crown, thus that the point and the one hilt on his sword both stand over him, and drives up therewith and thrusts your point over you,<ref>Salzburg: "thrusts your point up".</ref> then turn your sword under through his Crown with the edge in his arm, and Press so the Crown is again broken, and with the Pressing take the edge and therewith pull yourself off, and step near to him when he again parries.<ref>Clause omitted from the Augsburg.</ref><ref name="Ringeck"/></p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 027r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 027v.jpg|1|lbl=27v|p=1}}
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| <p>[72]</p>
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| <small>68</small>
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| {{red|Four Liers alone<br/>Therefrom you hold, curse the common.}}
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| <small>69</small>
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| {{red|Ox, Plow, Fool,<br/>From the Day, are not unknown to you.}}
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<p>Mark, these Four Liers, they are the Four Guards that you shall fence from.</p>
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| <p>[73] '''The first guard is called the Ox, etc.'''</p>
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<p>Position yourself in the Ox thus: stand with the left foot in front and hold your sword on your right side with the hilt in front of the head so that the short edge stands against you, and hold the point thus against the face, etc.</p>
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| <p>[74] Item, position yourself on the left side in the Ox thus: stand with the right foot before and hold your sword on your left side with the hilt in front of the head, so that the long edge stands against you, and hold the point thus against his face. And that is the Ox from both sides.</p>
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| <p>[75] '''Item, the second guard is called the Plow'''</p>
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<p>Therewith position yourself thus: set the left foot before and hold your sword with crossed hands under you on your right side, with the pommel near your right hip, so that the short edge is above and the point stands before you against the face of the man, etc.</p>
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| <p>[76] Item, on the left side position yourself thus in the Plow: set the right foot before and hold your sword near your left side under you, on your left hip, so that the long edge is turned above and the point stands upwards against the face of the man.</p>
 
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| <p>[77] '''Item, the third guard is called Fool'''</p>
  
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<p>And position yourself with it thus: set the left foot in front and hold your sword with stretched arms before you with the point on the earth, and so that the short edge is above, etc.</p>
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| <p>[78] '''Item, the fourth guard is called From the Day'''</p>
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<p>Position yourself with it thus: set the left foot in front and hold your sword with outstretched arms high over your head, and turn the long edge in front, and let the point hang backward a little, and stand thus in the guard, etc.</p>
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| <p>[79]</p>
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| <small>70</small>
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<p>Mark, you have heard before of the Four Guards, so you shall now know that there are the Four Parryings, therewith you shall break the Four Guards. Know that no Parrying thereto pertains since four hews break the Four Guards.</p>
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| <p>[80] The first is the Crooked-hew, that breaks the guard of the Ox.</p>
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| <p>[81] The second is the Thwart-hew, that breaks the guard From the Day.</p>
 
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| <p>[82] The third is the Squinter-hew, that breaks the guard of the Plow.</p>
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| <p>[83] The fourth is the Part-hew, that breaks the guard that is called the Fool.</p>
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| <p>[84] And how shall drive the correct technique of the four hews against the guards, that you will find described before in the hews. Therefore guard yourself before parrying against the guards, if you will not become oppressed by others with strikes, etc.</p>
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<p>''You shall guard yourself against the parrying as other fencers parry. They allow the point to go low or high out before the man on a side, and who does that cannot seek the opening on the man. Therefore do not parry, and mark when he hews, then hew also, and when he stabs, then stab also. And how you shall hew against his hews, that you find described in the Five Hews; and how you shall fight against his stabs, that you find described in the Setting-off.''</p>
 
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<p>Mark, when he has parried you and will not draw off from the sword, and he means to let you come to no technique, then do as if you will draw off from the sword, and pull your sword on you to half the blade, and therewith drive the sword quickly up and hew him quickly with the short edge, or with the Doubling, to the head.</p>
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Revision as of 18:17, 2 July 2016

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

Caution: Scribes at Work

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This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 18:17, 2 July 2016 (UTC). (Update)

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.

Treatises

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, but do appear in Ringeck (and constitute almost 10% of that gloss); this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome,[2] while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, consisting solely of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B) which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version (included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work, though Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this copy is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents much more closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were originally presented in a single concordance on the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig page, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved here to Jud Lew's page, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the page of Pseudo-Danzig. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it has been omitted for the present.

Temporary break

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. ↑ Zabinski, pp 82-83
  3. ↑ sic : nahent
  4. ↑ sic : rechten
  5. ↑ sic : lonen
  6. ↑ "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  8. ↑ Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  9. ↑ "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  10. ↑ Word omitted in the Augsburg.
  11. ↑ "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  12. ↑ Here Salburg combines the Jud Lew text with additional description from Sigmund ain Ringeck describing how the Crooked-hew is used as a counter-cut.
  13. ↑ Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.
  14. ↑ Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  15. ↑ After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.
  16. ↑ Salzburg: "thrusts your point up".
  17. ↑ Clause omitted from the Augsburg.


Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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