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| <p>[32] '''Item, drive the Doubling thus:'''</p>
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| <p>[32] Item, drive the Doubling thus: When he hews to you from his right shoulder, then hew also from your right with him likewise, strongly above in to the head. If he then parries the hew with strength, then drive up quickly with the arms and thrust your pommel with your left hand  under your right arm, and strike him with the long edge with crossed arms behind his sword’s blade on the head, etc.</p>
 
 
<p>When he hews to you from his right shoulder, then hew also from your right with him likewise, strongly above in to the head. If he then parries the hew with strength, then drive up quickly with the arms and thrust your pommel with your left hand  under your right arm, and strike him with the long edge with crossed arms behind his sword’s blade on the head, etc.</p>
 
 
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| <p>[34] '''''Item, the Mutating to the right side.'''''</p>
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| <p>[34] Item, the Mutating to the right side. When you hew in strongly above from your right shoulder, and you bind with the long edge on his sword, then drive up quickly with the arms and remain thus standing on the sword;<ref>"and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> if he parries and is Soft in the sword, then Wind the short edge on his sword on your left side, and drive well up with the arms and hang the point above over his sword, and drive the arms therewith and stab in to the other opening, etc.</p>
 
 
<p>When you hew in strongly above from your right shoulder, and you bind with the long edge on his sword, then drive up quickly with the arms and remain thus standing on the sword;<ref>"and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> if he parries and is Soft in the sword, then Wind the short edge on his sword on your left side, and drive well up with the arms and hang the point above over his sword, and drive the arms therewith and stab in to the other opening, etc.</p>
 
 
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| <p>[35] '''''Item, the Mutating to the left side.'''''</p>
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| <p>[35] Item, the Mutating to the left side. Or if you hew in from the left side with the long edge bound<ref>Word omitted in the Augsburg.</ref> on his sword, then drive up with the arms and remain with the same edge standing on the sword, and wind yet the short edge over his sword, and drive well up with the arms, and hang the point in above over his sword, and drive well there with the arms, and stab him to the lower opening of his left side.<ref>"And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> Thus you may drive the two techniques from all hewing thereafter as you find the Weak and Strong of the sword, etc.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 013r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
<p>Or if you hew in from the left side with the long edge bound<ref>Word omitted in the Augsburg.</ref> on his sword, then drive up with the arms and remain with the same edge standing on the sword, and wind yet the short edge over his sword, and drive well up with the arms, and hang the point in above over his sword, and drive well there with the arms, and stab him to the lower opening of his left side.<ref>"And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> Thus you may drive the two techniques from all hewing thereafter as you find the Weak and Strong of the sword, etc.</p>
 
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| {{red|Ox, Plow, Fool,<br/>From the Day, are not unknown to you.}}
 
| {{red|Ox, Plow, Fool,<br/>From the Day, are not unknown to you.}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Mark, these Four Liers, they are the Four Guards that you shall fence from.</p>
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<p>Mark, these Four Liers, they are the Four Guards that you shall fence from. The first guard is called the Ox, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[73] '''The first guard is called the Ox, etc.'''</p>
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| <p>[73]</p>
  
 
<p>Position yourself in the Ox thus: stand with the left foot in front and hold your sword on your right side with the hilt in front of the head so that the short edge stands against you, and hold the point thus against the face, etc.</p>
 
<p>Position yourself in the Ox thus: stand with the left foot in front and hold your sword on your right side with the hilt in front of the head so that the short edge stands against you, and hold the point thus against the face, etc.</p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 028r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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| <p>[75] '''Item, the second guard is called the Plow'''</p>
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| <p>[75]</p>
  
<p>Therewith position yourself thus: set the left foot before and hold your sword with crossed hands under you on your right side, with the pommel near your right hip, so that the short edge is above and the point stands before you against the face of the man, etc.</p>
+
<p>Item, the second guard is called the Plow. Therewith position yourself thus: set the left foot before and hold your sword with crossed hands under you on your right side, with the pommel near your right hip, so that the short edge is above and the point stands before you against the face of the man, etc.</p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 028v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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| <p>[77] '''Item, the third guard is called Fool'''</p>
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| <p>[77]</p>
  
<p>And position yourself with it thus: set the left foot in front and hold your sword with stretched arms before you with the point on the earth, and so that the short edge is above, etc.</p>
+
<p>Item, the third guard is called Fool. And position yourself with it thus: set the left foot in front and hold your sword with stretched arms before you with the point on the earth, and so that the short edge is above, etc.</p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 029r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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| <p>[78] '''Item, the fourth guard is called From the Day'''</p>
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| <p>[78]</p>
  
<p>Position yourself with it thus: set the left foot in front and hold your sword with outstretched arms high over your head, and turn the long edge in front, and let the point hang backward a little, and stand thus in the guard, etc.</p>
+
<p>Item, the fourth guard is called From the Day. Position yourself with it thus: set the left foot in front and hold your sword with outstretched arms high over your head, and turn the long edge in front, and let the point hang backward a little, and stand thus in the guard, etc.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 099v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 100r.png|1|lbl=100r|p=1}}
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| <p>[87] '''Item, another.'''</p>
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<p>When he has parried you, then wrench with with your sword on his sword's blade up over you, against his point, as if you will take off above. Then remain on the sword and hew him simply on the blade, in against his head, etc.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 030v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 031r.jpg|1|lbl=31r|p=1}}
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| <p>[88]</p>
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{| class="zettel"
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|-
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| <small>74</small>
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| {{red|Set on four ends.<br/>Remain thereon, if you will end.}}
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|}
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<p>Know that the Setting-on is an earnest technique, since it goes to the nearest of the Four Openings and pertains to drive when you will give a quick end with the sword.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 031r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Cod.10825 082r.png|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10825 082v.png|1|lbl=82v|p=1}}
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| <p>[89] Item, drive the Setting-on thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing , then lie with the sword in the guard of the Ox or the Plow. If he will than hew you from above or stab to you from his right side, then come before with the Preempting, shoot in the long point to the nearest opening of his left side, and see of you may Set-on him, etc.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 031v.jpg|1|lbl=31v}}
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| <p>[90] Item, or if he hews then from above in from his left side, then come before with the Preempting and shoot in the point long in to the next standing opening of his right side, etc.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 031v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[91] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his right side, etc.</p>
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| <p>[92] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his right side, then shoot in the point long in to the nearest opening of his left side, etc.</p>
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| <p>[93] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his left side, then shoot the point long in to the lower opening of his right side, and see the Setting-on therewith always. If he becomes aware of the shooting in and parries, then remain with the sword on his, and work quickly there to the nearest opening, etc.</p>
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| <p>[94] ''Item. You shall also know as soon as you both come together in the onset and as soon as he lifts up his sword and will strike-around, you shall immediately fall into the point and thrust to the nearest opening. But if he will not go with the sword, then you yourself shall go with your sword and as soon as or every time as you end a strike, fall into the point every time, in-the-moment. If you can execute the setting-on correctly, then he must balance or shift himself hard. It must allow you a wound.''</p>
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Revision as of 19:51, 3 July 2016

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.

Treatises

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, but do appear in Ringeck (and constitute almost 10% of that gloss); this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome,[2] while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, consisting solely of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B) which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version (included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work, though Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this copy is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents much more closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were originally presented in a single concordance on the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig page, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved here to Jud Lew's page, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the page of Pseudo-Danzig. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it has been omitted for the present.

Temporary break

Additional Resources

References

  1. The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  3. sic : nahent
  4. sic : rechten
  5. sic : lonen
  6. "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  8. Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  9. "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  10. Word omitted in the Augsburg.
  11. "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  12. Here Salburg combines the Jud Lew text with additional description from Sigmund ain Ringeck describing how the Crooked-hew is used as a counter-cut.
  13. sic : schwerts
  14. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.
  15. sic : deinem
  16. Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  17. After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.
  18. Salzburg: "thrusts your point up".
  19. Clause omitted from the Augsburg.
  20. Mittels Einfügezeichen korrigiert aus »siten rechten«