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{{master end}}
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== Temporary break ==
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{{master begin
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| title = [[Long Sword]] Gloss
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}}
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{| class="wikitable floated master"
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! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
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! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Translation}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
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! <p>[[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Dresden (Mair) Transcription]] (1542){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MS Dresd.C.93)}}<br/>by [[Pierre-Henry Bas]]</p>
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna (Mair) German Transcription]] (1550s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825)}}<br/>by [[Anton Kohutovič]]</p>
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna (Mair) Latin Transcription]] (1550s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825)}}<br/></p>
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich (Mair) Transcription]] (1540s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393 I)}}<br/>by [[Saskia Roselaar]]</p>
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! <p>[[Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)|Munich Transcription]] (1556){{edit index|Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)}}<br/></p>
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! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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|-
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| <p>[117]</p>
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{| class="zettel"
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|-
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| <small>90</small>
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| {{red|Run-through, let hang<br/>With the pommel if you will wrestle.}}
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|-
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| <small>91</small>
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| {{red|Who is strong against you,<br/>Run-through, therewith mark.}}
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<p><br/></p>
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<p>Item, the Running-through and the wrestling pertains to driving against the masters that like to run in, and drive that thus. When he parries you, and drives high up with the arms and runs in on you, and will overwhelm you with strength above, then drive up with the arms and hold your sword over your head with the left hand by the pommel, and let the blade hang low behind over your back, and  Run-through the arm against his right side with the head, and spring with the right foot behind his right, and with the spring drive in with the right arm against his left side, well around the body, and grasp him thus on your right hip, and throw him down before you on his head, etc.</p>
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<p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 041v.jpg|1|lbl=41v}}
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| <p>[118] '''Item, another wrestling.'''</p>
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<p>When he runs in on you with arms stretched up, and you against him, then Run-through him with the head to his right side, and step with the right foot in front before his right, and drive in with the right arm under his right arm, around through behind his body, and sink down a little, and grasp him on the right hip, and throw him behind you. These two wrestlings you shall drive to both sides, etc.</p>
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| <p>[119] '''Item, yet another wrestling.'''</p>
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<p>When he runs in on you to your right side and is high with the arms, and you also, then hold your sword in your right hand and thrust therewith his arm from you, and spring with your left foot in-front before his right, and drive in with the left arm well around behind the body, and sink down a little, and grasp him on your left hip, and throw him before you on the face, etc.</p>
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| <p>[120] '''Item, yet another wrestling.'''</p>
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<p>When he runs in on you and is high with the arms, and you also, then you shall hold your sword in your right hand, and then thrust his arm therewith from you and spring with the left foot behind his right, and drive with the left arm below through before his breast, in his left side, and grasp him on your left hip, and throw him behind you. Drive these two wrestlings also to both sides, etc.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 042v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 043r.jpg|1|lbl=43r|p=1}}
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| <p>[121] Mark, when he runs into you with the sword and holds his arms low, that you may not run through him, then drive this wrestling as hereafter described.</p>
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| <p>[122] Item, when he runs in on you with the sword and holds his hands low, then invert your left hand and grip therewith his right, inwardly between both his hands, and jerk therewith on your left side, and with the right strike him with the sword over the head. Or if you will not strike him, then spring with the right foot behind his left and drive in with the right arm in front or behind around the neck, and throw him over your right knee, etc.</p>
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| <p>[123] '''Item, yet another wrestling.'''</p>
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<p>When he runs in on you with the sword and is low with the hands, then release your left hand ahead from the sword and with the right drive in with the pommel outside over his right hand, and press therewith down, and grasp him with the left hand by the right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right, and press him thus over.</p>
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| <p>[124] '''Item, yet another wrestling.'''</p>
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<p>When  he runs in on you with the sword, then let your sword fall, and invert your right hand, and grip therewith his right outwardly, and with the left grasp him by the right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right, and thrust with the right hand his (TRANSCRIPTION ERROR?) right arm over your left, and lift him therewith upwards. Thus he is locked and you may thus break the arm, or throw before you over the left leg.</p>
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| <p>[125] '''Item, yet another wrestling.'''</p>
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<p>When he runs in on you with the sword, then invert your left hand and drive therewith over his right arm, and grip therewith his sword between both hands by the handle, and jerk on your left side. Thus you take his sword.</p>
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Revision as of 16:45, 4 July 2016

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

Caution: Scribes at Work

This article is in the process of updates, expansion, or major restructuring. Please forgive any broken features or formatting errors while these changes are underway. To help avoid edit conflicts, please do not edit this page while this message is displayed. Stay tuned for the announcement of the revised content!

This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 16:45, 4 July 2016 (UTC). (Update)

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.

Treatises

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, but do appear in Ringeck (and constitute almost 10% of that gloss); this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome,[2] while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, consisting solely of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B) which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version (included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work, though Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this copy is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents much more closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were originally presented in a single concordance on the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig page, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved here to Jud Lew's page, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the page of Pseudo-Danzig. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it has been omitted for the present.

Temporary break

Temporary break

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. ↑ Zabinski, pp 82-83
  3. ↑ sic : nahent
  4. ↑ sic : rechten
  5. ↑ sic : lonen
  6. ↑ "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  8. ↑ Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  9. ↑ "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  10. ↑ Word omitted in the Augsburg.
  11. ↑ "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  12. ↑ Here Salburg combines the Jud Lew text with additional description from Sigmund ain Ringeck describing how the Crooked-hew is used as a counter-cut.
  13. ↑ sic : schwerts
  14. ↑ Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.
  15. ↑ sic : deinem
  16. ↑ Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  17. ↑ After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.
  18. ↑ Salzburg: "thrusts your point up".
  19. ↑ Clause omitted from the Augsburg.
  20. ↑ The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and are therefore omitted here.
  21. ↑ Mittels Einfügezeichen korrigiert aus »siten rechten«
  22. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  23. ↑ "that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.
  24. ↑ "do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Disappears into the binding.
  26. ↑ Corrected from 'mit'.


Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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