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Difference between revisions of "Lew"

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| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|''Another''}}</p>
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| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|Another}}</p>
  
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<p>''Item, when you will make the Wrath Hew, then you may strike with the right hand and with the left hand behind well up in, and thereafter with the inverted hand make the point down below and go through.''</p>
+
<p>Item, when you will make the Wrath Hew, then you may strike with the right hand and with the left hand behind well up in, and thereafter with the inverted hand make the point down below and go through.</p>
 
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| <p>[19] Item: You may also not take away upward,tearing up with your sword further than his point, Meanwhile strike in against him to the head.</p>
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| <p>[19] {{red|b=1|Item: You may also not take away upward,tearing up with your sword further than his point, Meanwhile strike in against him to the head.}}</p>
 
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| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|''Another''}}</p>
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| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|Another}}</p>
  
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<p>''Item, when you have struck with the inverted hand from the Wrath Hew, and he drives up and parries you, then drive thus through with your inverted hand on his right side on his belly and wind in the right elbow over his and your sword and hold fast, so you have locked him, or jerk with your right side on your left and tear strongly behind you so you take his sword and your point goes in to his face.''</p>
+
<p>Item, when you have struck with the inverted hand from the Wrath Hew, and he drives up and parries you, then drive thus through with your inverted hand on his right side on his belly and wind in the right elbow over his and your sword and hold fast, so you have locked him, or jerk with your right side on your left and tear strongly behind you so you take his sword and your point goes in to his face.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 014v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[25] {{red|b=1|''Another''}}</p>
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| <p>[25] {{red|b=1|Another}}</p>
  
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<p>''Item, when you have taken off above and he has parried you thus to the other mouth and stabbed with you, then drive well up with the arms and wind in the short edge in the Weak of his blade and stab in to his face or wind on your right side on his blade in the Weak and stab in but to his face. You may also make both winds from one another and thrust with the point.''</p>
+
<p>Item, when you have taken off above and he has parried you thus to the other mouth and stabbed with you, then drive well up with the arms and wind in the short edge in the Weak of his blade and stab in to his face or wind on your right side on his blade in the Weak and stab in but to his face. You may also make both winds from one another and thrust with the point.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 015r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| <small>36</small>
 
| <small>36</small>
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| {{red|Four openings know,<br/>''Aim'' so you strike wisely,}}
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| {{red|Four openings know,<br/>Aim<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> so you strike wisely,}}
 
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| <small>37</small>
 
| <small>37</small>
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| <small>40</small>
 
| <small>40</small>
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| {{red|I say ''to you truthfully'',<br/>No man protects himself without danger.}}
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| {{red|I say to you truthfully,<ref>"To you truthfully" omitted from the Augsburg.</ref><br/>No man protects himself without danger.}}
 
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| <small>41</small>
 
| <small>41</small>
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| {{red|Who well sets Crooked<br/>With steps injures many hews.}}
 
| {{red|Who well sets Crooked<br/>With steps injures many hews.}}
 
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<p>Know the Crooked-hew is one of the Four Preemptions against the Four Guards.<ref>Here Salzburg segues into [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]'s gloss of the same verse describing hot the Crooked hew is used as a counter-cut: "This is how you shall cut crooked to the hands, and execute the play thusly: When he cuts from your[sic: his] right side with the over- or under-cut, spring away from the cut with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him with outstretched arms with the [point] upon his hands."</ref> When therewith one Wars the Ox and also the Over and the Under-hew, then drive this: When you come to him<ref>S. ''dem man'': "the man"</ref> with the the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you and holds his sword before the head in the guard of the Ox on his left side, then set your left foot before and hold your sword on the right shoulder in the guard, and from the guard, spring with the right foot well on the right side, and strike him with the long edge with crossed arms over his hands, etc.</p>
+
<p>Know the Crooked-hew is one of the Four Preemptions against the Four Guards.<ref>Here Salzburg segues into [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]'s gloss of the same verse describing hot the Crooked hew is used as a counter-cut: "This is how you shall cut crooked to the hands, and execute the play thusly: When he cuts from your[sic: his] right side with the over- or under-cut, spring away from the cut with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him with outstretched arms with the [point] upon his hands."</ref> When therewith one Wars the Ox and also the Over and the Under-hew, then drive this: When you come to him<ref>S. "the man"</ref> with the the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you and holds his sword before the head in the guard of the Ox on his left side, then set your left foot before and hold your sword on the right shoulder in the guard, and from the guard, spring with the right foot well on the right side, and strike him with the long edge with crossed arms over his hands, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| {{red|When it clashes above,<br/>Then stand off, that will I praise.}}
 
| {{red|When it clashes above,<br/>Then stand off, that will I praise.}}
 
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<p>Mark, this technique you shall drive against the masters from the bind of the swords,<ref>S. ''schwertz haulben'': "sword hews".</ref> and mark that thus: When you come to him<ref>S. "the man".</ref> with the pre-fencing, then lay your sword to your right side in the Barrier-guard, or hold it on your nearest shoulder. If he then hews above to your opening, then hew strongly with crossed arms with the long edge against his hew, and as quickly as the swords clash together, then Wind Meanwhile with the sword against your left side and drive up with the arms and stab in to the upper opening. Or, if you will not stab him, then mark as quickly as it clashes, then hew him Meanwhile with the short edge to the head and to the body, etc.</p>
+
<p>Mark, this technique you shall drive against the masters from the bind of the swords,<ref>S. "sword hews".</ref> and mark that thus: When you come to him<ref>S. "the man".</ref> with the pre-fencing, then lay your sword to your right side in the Barrier-guard, or hold it on your nearest shoulder. If he then hews above to your opening, then hew strongly with crossed arms with the long edge against his hew, and as quickly as the swords clash together, then Wind Meanwhile with the sword against your left side and drive up with the arms and stab in to the upper opening. Or, if you will not stab him, then mark as quickly as it clashes, then hew him Meanwhile with the short edge to the head and to the body, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| {{red|Thwart takes<br/>What comes From the Day.}}
 
| {{red|Thwart takes<br/>What comes From the Day.}}
 
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<p>Mark, the Thwart-hew breaks the guard From the Day and all hews that come hewn down From the Day above, and drive the Thwart-hew thus: When you go with the pre-fencing to the man, if he then stands against you and holds his sword with arms stretched up over himself, high over your head in the guard and waits on you, then mark when you come near to him. Then set the left foot forward and hold your sword with the flat on your right shoulder. If he then steps to you and threatens to strike you, then come Before and spring with the right foot well on your right side, and in the spring turn your sword with the hilt before your head, that your thumb comes below, and strike him with the short edge to the left side of his head, etc.</p>
+
<p>Mark, the Thwart-hew breaks the guard From the Day and all hews that come hewn down From the Day above, and drive the Thwart-hew thus: When you go with the pre-fencing to the man, if he then stands against you and holds his sword with arms stretched up over himself, high over his<ref>A. "your"</ref> head in the guard and waits on you, then mark when you come near to him. Then set the left foot forward and hold your sword with the flat on your right shoulder. If he then steps to you and threatens to strike you, then come Before and spring with the right foot well on your right side, and in the spring turn your sword with the hilt before your head, that your thumb comes below, and strike him with the short edge to the left side of his head, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| {{red|What you well Thwart<br/>With springing endanger the head.}}
 
| {{red|What you well Thwart<br/>With springing endanger the head.}}
 
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<p>Mark, you have heard before how that the Ox and the Plow are named two Liers or two Guards, so are they here called Four Openings. The Ox, that is the upper two openings on the right and left side of the head. So is the Plow the lower two openings, also the right and the left side, of the lower half of the girdle of the man. And these openings shall you strike with the Thwart in the pre-fencing, seeking all four.</p>
+
<p>Mark, you have heard before how that the Ox and the Plow are named two Liers or two Guards, so are they here called the <ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> Four Openings. The Ox, that is the upper two openings on the right and left side of the head. So is the Plow the lower two openings, also the right and the left side, of the lower half of the girdle of the man. And these openings shall you strike with the Thwart in the pre-fencing, seeking all four.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| <p>[52] {{red|b=1|Here mark the Thwart strike to the Four Openings, etc.}}</p>
 
| <p>[52] {{red|b=1|Here mark the Thwart strike to the Four Openings, etc.}}</p>
  
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<p>Item, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you in the guard From the Day, then spring with the right foot against him, well on your right side, and strike him with the Thwart above to the Ox on his left side with full art. If he parries, then strike him quickly below to the Plow on his right side, and then drive the Thwart-strike quickly further, always one to the Ox, the other to the Plow, crosswise from one side to the other, to the head and to the body, etc.</p>
+
<p>Item, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you in the guard From the Day, then spring with the right foot against him, well on your right side, and strike him with the Thwart above to the Ox on his left side with full art. If he parries you,<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> then strike<ref>Salzburg doubles "schlag".</ref> him quickly below to the Plow on his right side, and then drive the Thwart-strike quickly further, always one to the Ox, the other to the Plow, crosswise from one side to the other, to the head and to the body,<ref>"and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[53] Item, you shall also remember that you always shall spring-out widely on a side with each Thwart-strike, so that you may therewith hit him to the head, and see that you meanwhile are well guarded above with the hilt before your head.</p>
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| <p>[53] Item, you shall also remember that you always shall spring-out widely on a side with each Thwart-strike, so that you may therewith hit<ref>A. ''treffen'', S. ''griffen''.</ref> him to the head, and see that you meanwhile are well guarded above with the hilt before your head.</p>
 
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| <p>[55] Item, drive the Failer thus, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then hew the Under-hews from both sides, you then come on him with a Under-hew from your right side, then shoot the point therewith long in to the breast, so he must parry. Then spring quickly with the left foot on his right side, and do as if you will strike him thereto, and pull the hew, and strike quickly around again to the left side. Or, if you come before the left side with the Under-hew on him, then shoot in the point yet long, and drive the driving as it stands before in the nearest description, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[55] Item, drive the Failer thus, when you come to him<ref>S. "the man"</ref> with the pre-fencing, then hew the Under-hews from both sides, you then come on him with a Under-hew from your right side, then shoot in<ref>Word omitted rom the Augsburg.</ref> the point therewith long in to the breast, so he must parry. Then spring quickly with the left foot on his right side, and do as if you will strike him thereto, and pull the hew, and strike quickly around again to the left side. Or, if you come before the left side with the Under-hew on him, then shoot in the point yet long, and drive the driving as it stands before in the nearest description, etc.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 019v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 020r.jpg|1|lbl=20r|p=1}}
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| <p>[57] Item, drive the Inverter thus, when you are gone half to him with the pre-fencing, then go the other half further to him, each and every with the left foot before, and hew a free Under-hew from the right side towards the left side after each step-to, and with the hew, so Invert and turn the long edge on the sword always above. And as quickly as you you therewith bind him on his sword, then hang in the point Meanwhile in above and stab him to the face. If he parries the stab and drives high up with the arms, then Run-through him. Or, if he remains low with the hands with the parrying, then grip his right elbow with the left hand, and hold fast, and spring with the left foot in front of his right, and thrust him thus thereover.</p>
+
| <p>[57] Item, drive the Inverter thus, when you are gone half to him with the pre-fencing, then go the other half further to him, each and every<ref>"and every" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> with the left foot before, {{red|b=1|and hew a free Under-hew from the right side towards the left side after each step-to}}, and with the hew, so Invert and<ref>S. "or"</ref> turn the long edge of<ref>A. "on"</ref> the sword always above. And as quickly as you you therewith bind him on his sword, then hang in the point Meanwhile in above and stab him to the face. If he parries the stab and drives high up with the arms, then Run-through him. Or, if he remains low with the hands with the parrying, then grip his right elbow with the left hand, and hold fast, and spring with the left foot in front of his right, and thrust him thus thereover.</p>
 
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| <small>71</small>
 
| <small>71</small>
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| {{red|''Guard yet before parrying.<br/>If it happens to you necessarily, it troubles you.''}}
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| {{red|Guard yet before parrying.<br/>If it happens to you necessarily, it troubles you.}}
 
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<p>''You shall guard yourself against the parrying as other fencers parry. They allow the point to go low or high out before the man on a side, and who does that cannot seek the opening on the man. Therefore do not parry, and mark when he hews, then hew also, and when he stabs, then stab also. And how you shall hew against his hews, that you find described in the Five Hews; and how you shall fight against his stabs, that you find described in the Setting-off.''</p>
+
<p>You shall guard yourself against the parrying as other fencers parry. They allow the point to go low or high out before the man on a side, and who does that cannot seek the opening on the man. Therefore do not parry, and mark when he hews, then hew also, and when he stabs, then stab also. And how you shall hew against his hews, that you find described in the Five Hews; and how you shall fight against his stabs, that you find described in the Setting-off.</p>
 
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Revision as of 16:04, 6 July 2016

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

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This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 16:04, 6 July 2016 (UTC). (Update)

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.

Treatises

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, but do appear in Ringeck (and constitute almost 10% of that gloss); this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome,[2] while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, consisting solely of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B) which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version (included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work, though Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this copy is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents much more closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were originally presented in a single concordance on the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig page, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved here to Jud Lew's page, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the page of Pseudo-Danzig. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it has been omitted for the present.

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Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. ↑ Zabinski, pp 82-83
  3. ↑ "thereby the hew" omitted from the Salzburg.
  4. ↑ Salzburg: "right-side foot".
  5. ↑ sic : nahent
  6. ↑ sic : rechten
  7. ↑ sic : lonen
  8. ↑ Salzburg: "hew".
  9. ↑ Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  10. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  11. ↑ "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  13. ↑ "To you truthfully" omitted from the Augsburg.
  14. ↑ "of the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  15. ↑ Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  16. ↑ "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  17. ↑ Word omitted in the Augsburg.
  18. ↑ "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  19. ↑ Here Salzburg segues into Sigmund ain Ringeck's gloss of the same verse describing hot the Crooked hew is used as a counter-cut: "This is how you shall cut crooked to the hands, and execute the play thusly: When he cuts from your[sic: his] right side with the over- or under-cut, spring away from the cut with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him with outstretched arms with the [point] upon his hands."
  20. ↑ S. "the man"
  21. ↑ "with the short edge" omitted from the Salzburg.
  22. ↑ S. "sword hews".
  23. ↑ S. "the man".
  24. ↑ sic : schwerts
  25. ↑ Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.
  26. ↑ Augsburg just has "protect".
  27. ↑ A. "your"
  28. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  29. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  30. ↑ Salzburg doubles "schlag".
  31. ↑ "and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.
  32. ↑ A. treffen, S. griffen.
  33. ↑ S. "the man"
  34. ↑ Word omitted rom the Augsburg.
  35. ↑ "and every" omitted from the Salzburg.
  36. ↑ S. "or"
  37. ↑ A. "on"
  38. ↑ sic : deinem
  39. ↑ Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  40. ↑ After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.
  41. ↑ Salzburg: "thrusts your point up".
  42. ↑ Clause omitted from the Augsburg.
  43. ↑ The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and are therefore omitted here.
  44. ↑ Mittels Einfügezeichen korrigiert aus »siten rechten«
  45. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  46. ↑ "that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.
  47. ↑ "do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Disappears into the binding.
  49. ↑ Corrected from 'mit'.
  50. ↑ "and thrust... the right" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of siner rechte~.
  51. ↑ sic : sein rechten bis repetita
  52. ↑ S. "Another wrestling".


Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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