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Difference between revisions of "Lew"

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<p>This is a lesson and admonition of the Art of the Sword that you therein shall very well judge and meditate on, so that you quickly drive bravely, and correctly drive the counters against his techniques. Thus you shall particularly drive the Three Wounders in each counter, which become explained hereafter. Also you shall know that the Four Hangings are two below and two above: the upper is the Ox, the lower is the Plow, to both sides. And from the Four Hangings you shall thus further contemplate and rightly weigh Eight Windings, so that you shall particularly drive a hew, a stab, and a slice from each Winding.</p>
 
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| These are the previously described Four Windings, etc.
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Item, drive the two Over-Hangings yet with two Windings thus. When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand on your left side in the Ox. If he then hews above in to your right side, then Wind the long edge on his sword against his hew and stab him above to the face. That is but one Winding.
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If he sets the stab off against his right side, then remain on the sword and Wind again on your left side in the Ox, the short (?) edge on his sword, and stab him above in to the face. This is the second Over-Hanging from the left side, yet with two Windings on his sword, etc.
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Item, here mark how you shall drive the Eight Windings from the Four Hangings. The first Over-Hanging has two Windings, drive that thus.
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When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand on your right side in the Ox. If he then hews above in to your left side, then Wind against his hew, the short edge on his sword, yet in Ox, and stab him above in to the face.
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That is the Winding-in. If he sets the stab off to his left side, then remain on the sword, and Wind again on your right side in the Ox, the long (?) edge on his sword, and stab him above in to the face. That is one Hanging from your right side with two Windings on his sword.
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Item, Now you shall know
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That from the two Under Hangings, that is the Plow from both sides, you shall also drive Four Windings with all your drivings, as from the Overs. These are the Eight Windings. And as often as you Wind, then think in each single Wind particularly on the hew, and on the stab, and on the slice. Thus come from the Eight Windings twenty-four, and from whatever Winding, and against whatever technique, and against whatever hew you shall drive the hew, or the stab, or the slice.. You find all that described before in the techniques, etc.
 
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Revision as of 03:30, 7 July 2016

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

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This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 03:30, 7 July 2016 (UTC). (Update)

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.

Treatises

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, but do appear in Ringeck (and constitute almost 10% of that gloss); this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome,[2] while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, consisting solely of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B) which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version (included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work, though Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this copy is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents much more closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were originally presented in a single concordance on the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig page, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved here to Jud Lew's page, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the page of Pseudo-Danzig. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it has been omitted for the present.

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Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. ↑ Zabinski, pp 82-83
  3. ↑ "thereby the hew" omitted from the Salzburg.
  4. ↑ Salzburg: "right-side foot".
  5. ↑ sic : nahent
  6. ↑ sic : rechten
  7. ↑ sic : lonen
  8. ↑ Salzburg: "hew".
  9. ↑ Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  10. ↑ Sentence up to this point omitted from the Augsburg.
  11. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  12. ↑ "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  14. ↑ "To you truthfully" omitted from the Augsburg.
  15. ↑ "of the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  16. ↑ Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  17. ↑ "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  18. ↑ Word omitted in the Augsburg.
  19. ↑ "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  20. ↑ Here Salzburg segues into Sigmund ain Ringeck's gloss of the same verse describing hot the Crooked hew is used as a counter-cut: "This is how you shall cut crooked to the hands, and execute the play thusly: When he cuts from your[sic: his] right side with the over- or under-cut, spring away from the cut with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him with outstretched arms with the [point] upon his hands."
  21. ↑ S. "the man"
  22. ↑ "with the short edge" omitted from the Salzburg.
  23. ↑ S. "sword hews".
  24. ↑ S. "the man".
  25. ↑ sic : schwerts
  26. ↑ Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.
  27. ↑ Augsburg just has "protect".
  28. ↑ A. "your"
  29. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  30. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  31. ↑ Salzburg doubles "schlag".
  32. ↑ "and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.
  33. ↑ A. treffen, S. griffen.
  34. ↑ S. "the man"
  35. ↑ Word omitted rom the Augsburg.
  36. ↑ "and every" omitted from the Salzburg.
  37. ↑ S. "or"
  38. ↑ A. "on"
  39. ↑ A. "to the"
  40. ↑ A. "to the"
  41. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  42. ↑ "and slice" omitted from the Salzburg.
  43. ↑ "if that is what you wish" omitted from the Salzburg.
  44. ↑ sic : deinem
  45. ↑ Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  46. ↑ Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  47. ↑ S. "his"
  48. ↑ A. aber: "yet".
  49. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  50. ↑ "and all Winding... are all short" omitted from the Salzburg.
  51. ↑ A. anwind: "wind on".
  52. ↑ S. "the man"
  53. ↑ S. "your"
  54. ↑ Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  55. ↑ After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.
  56. ↑ Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  57. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  58. ↑ Salzburg: "thrusts your point up".
  59. ↑ Clause omitted from the Augsburg.
  60. ↑ The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and are therefore omitted here.
  61. ↑ Mittels Einfügezeichen korrigiert aus »siten rechten«
  62. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  63. ↑ "that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.
  64. ↑ "do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 Disappears into the binding.
  66. ↑ Corrected from 'mit'.
  67. ↑ "and thrust... the right" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of siner rechte~.
  68. ↑ sic : sein rechten bis repetita
  69. ↑ S. "Another wrestling".


Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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